GIT

Antibiotics:
Gingivitis & periodontitis: topical chlorhexidine; systemic ampicillin,
clindamycin, last resort metronidazole in severe cases &
immunosuppressed
Ulcerative stomatitis: topical hydrogen peroxide & chlorhexidine;
systemic amoxicillin, clindamycin, last resort metronidazole in
severe cases & immunosuppressed
Gastroenteritis: bacterial gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting use
only in the case of signs of systemic infection amoxiciliin &
metronidazole
Acute peritonitis: aggressive Rx; IV administration; drainage &
control source of infection- clindamycin, metronidazole (?)
Anal sacculitis: TMS, amoxicillin
MOUTH
Anti-sialagogues:
Atropine (anti-muscarinic)
Mouth washes/ buccopharyngeal antiseptics: (after tartar removal/
stomatitis/ gingivitis combine if severe with systemic antibiotics)
Betadine, Cepacol, Oraldine (PO)
STOMACH
Anti-ulcer:
H2 blockers: Cimitidine & Ranitidine
Proton-pump inhibitor: Omeprazole
Mucosal protectants:
Misoprostol
Sucrulfate (mucosal protectant adheres to ulcer &
increases blood supply) *can bind other drugs administer 2
hrs prior
Emetics: (get rid of non-corrosive toxins)
Dogs Apomorphine (into conjunctival sac 3 mins for effect
flush with saline post vomition)
Cats Xylazine
Household salt water into back of throat / 1 tsp dishwashing liquid
Anti-emetics:
Anti-dopaminergics:
Metoclopramide (Clopamon) *prokinetic CI with
obstruction

NK1 Receptor Antagonist: Maropitant Citrate (Cerenia) *puppies

>8w & kittens > 16w
INTESTINES
Laxatives:
Lactulose (osmotic safe for mild constipation; also used to
decrease systemic ammonium levels in hepatic encephalopathy)
Emollients: petroleum products & dioctylsodium succinate
(Surfactol)
Enemas:
Soapy water; liquid paraffin; glycerol; surfactol
Anti-diarrheal: (controversial hypomotility may worsen diarrhea or
worsen ileus)
Loperamide (Immodium); other opiates (decreases propulsive
peristalsis & helps relieve visceral pain)
Protectants, adsorbants, probiotics & special diets most often used
Adsobents:
Activated charcoal (binds toxins in GIT) 1 g/kg; give every 6-8
hours for 4-5 treatments; combine with Lactulose syrup
Pectin, kaolin, CaCO3
Prokinetics:
Metoclopramide (Clopamon) * CI with obstruction
Other:
Probiotics
LIVER:
Hepatic encephalopathy:
Lactulose
Liver support:
Vit B12 & 15
Vit E & Se
Essential phospholipids (Essentiale & Hepavet)
Glucose & Fructose
Anti-oxidants (desferroxamine)
Treatment of specific conditions:
1. Parvo viral enteritis Rx protocol:
2. Vomiting & diarrhea (Parvo neg.)

Deworm
3. Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
URINARY
Antibiotics:
*Cystitis: (based on culture & susceptibility testing) Amoxicillin / TMS
2-3 w
*Pyelonephritis: TMS / Amox/clav 6 w
*Acute & chronic prostatitis: TMS / Fluoroquinolones acute 4 w;
chronic 6-8 w
*Pyometra: TMS (dog) / amoxicillin (cat)
* E. coli; S. intermedius; enterococci; streptococci
Diuretics (increases urine flow):
Osmotic: Mannitol - acute renal failure; intracranial oedema;
glaucoma; acute lung oedema
***Slow IV; monitor hydration status, urine output & electrolytes; *CI
CHF, dehydration, anuric renal failure, intracranial haemorrhage,
severe pulmonary congestion/ oedema
Saluretics: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetozolamide)
glaucoma; loss of Na & K
Loop: Furosemide (Lasix) oedema acute Rx; CHF long-term
prophylaxis with ACE inhibitors (Hypokalaemic with long-term use)
K sparing: Spironolactone
Urinary acidifiers: (Cats struvite crystals / stones)
Ammonium chloride
Urinary alkalinizers:
Na-bicarbonate
Na+ citrate
RESPIRATORY
Antibiotics:
Rhinitis/ sinusitis/ rhinitis: 1st none; 2nd based on culture (amoxicillin,
amox/ clav, doxycycline)
Acute bronchitis (kennel cough): self-limiting; no AB Rx
Chronic bronchitis: 1st none; 2nd based on culture
Pneumonia: Amoxicillin, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone
Pyothorax & pleuritis: penicillin with aminoglycoside

Anti-tussives: (seldom used dry, unproductive coughs)

Codeine, morphine, butorphanol
Expectorants: (increase pulmonary secretions & decrease viscosity)
GGE; camphor; menthol; oils (eucalyptus)
Neubulize
Mucoltyics: (loosen pulmonary secretions / mucous plugs)
N-acetyl cysteine (nebulize)
Bromhexine (Bisolvon linctus)
Bronchodilators:
Sympathomimetics (B2-receptor bronchial muscle relaxation):
terbutaline (nebulize); clenbuterol; ephedrine
Methylxanthines: theophylline; aminophylline
Anti-cholinergics (bronchodilation & decrease secretion): atropine
Corticosteroids (allergic bronchoconstriction - inhalants):
prednisolone; dexamethasone; fluticasone; beclomethazone
(nebulize)
CARDIOVASCULAR * check with SAM notes
Rx CHF: (endocardiosis; dilated cardiomyopathy large breed dogs)
Limit exercise & Na
Decrease preload
o 1. Diuretics (decreased pulmonary oedema & increase
O2) Furosemide (Lasix) & ACE inhibitors (Enalapril;
Benazepril); K sparing Spironolactone
o 2. Vasodilators Prazosin (alpha blocker)
Decrease afterload (reduce resistance, increase forward stroke
volume, reduces workload, reduces O2 demand)
o 1. Vasodilators Prazosin (CHF); Hydralazine (for mitral
valve insufficiency mitral regurgitation)
Dual (pre- & afterload) ACE inhibitor (Enalapril;
Benazepril); Ca channel blocker
Inodilator (inotrope & vasodilator) - Pimobendan
Positive inotrope (Increase contractility improved renal
perfusion decreased RAA)
o Cardiac glycosides - digitalis (digoxin *clinical trial);
side effects depression, anorexia, nausea, vomition,
diarrhea, weakness, arrhythmias, death (Rx K for
hypokalaemia & antiarrhythmics)
o Catecholamines; dopamine; dobutamine;
methylxanthines (aminophylline, theophylline,)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cats

Rx: Arrythmias
Lignocaine
B-blockers

SKIN
Antibiotics:
Surface pyoderma: topical Rx i.e. chlorhexidine shampoo
Localised pyoderma: topical Rx chlorhexidine gel, benzol peroxide
gel; systemic Rx Amoxicillin, TMS, amox/clav
First time superficial pyoderma: Amoxicillin, TMS, amox/clav &
antiseptic shampoos
Recurrent or deep pyoderma: Amoxicillin, TMS, amox/clav, 1st gen
cephalosporin & antiseptic shampoos
Bite wounds: amoxicillin
Otitis: Surolan (Poymixin B & Miconazole)
*All pyodermas S. intermedius