Uoc Luong Chi Phi Kinh Te

C LNG CHI PH KINH T
CHO CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG

VIT NAM
(Lu hnh ni b)
Cun sch ny c thc hin vi s h tr kinh ph ca

Qu Vin tr nhn dn Nauy (NPAID) v C quan Vin tr Ai-len
(Irish Aid). Cun sch ny c vit da trn quan im ca cc
tc gi, khng nht thit phn nh quan im ca Qu Vin tr
nhn dn Nauy (NPAID) v C quan Vin tr Ai-len (Irish Aid).
TS. NGUYN C THNH, THS. NGUYN KHC GIANG, PGS. TS. V S CNG
C LNG CHI PH KINH T CHO

CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG
VIT NAM
(Lu hnh ni b)
NH XUT BN HNG C
H NI - THNG 9 NM 2015
c lng chi ph kinh t cho cc t chc qun chng cng Vit Nam
Bn quyn 2014 ca Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR),
Trng i hc Kinh t - i hc Quc gia H Ni.
Mi s sao chp v lu hnh khng c s ng ca VEPR l vi phm bn quyn.
Lin lc:
Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR)

Trng i hc Kinh t - i hc Quc gia H Ni
a ch: Phng 707, Nh E4, 144 Xun Thy, Cu Giy, H Ni, Vit Nam
Tel: (84) 4 6275 3894; (ext: 704)
Fax: (84) 4 6275 3895
Email: info@vepr.org.vn
Website: www.vepr.org.vn
HI LUT GIA VIT NAM
NH XUT BN HNG C
a ch: 65.Trng Thi - Qun Hon Kim - H Ni
Email: nhaxuatbanhongduc@yahoo.com
in thoi : 04.3 9260024 Fax :04.3 9260031
Chu trch nhim xut bn:
Gim c Bi Vit Bc
Chu trch nhim ni dung:
Tng bin tp L B Ton
Bin tp vin: Nguyn Th Vinh
Thit k ba: Cupib
Trnh by: Vi Xun
Sa bn in: Khc Giang
In 500 cun, kh 16 x24cm, ti Cng ty C phn In Sch Vit Nam, a ch: 22B. Hai B Trng
H Ni. S XNKXB: 2403-2015/CXBIPH/04-53/H. S QXB ca NXB: 2095/Q-NXBH. In
xong v np lu chiu nm: 2015. M s sch tiu chun quc t (ISBN): 978-604-86-6964-5
Tranh ba: Bn ngoi khung ca s, ha s V Dng, 2005, sn du trn vi, 60x50 cm,
su tp ca VEPR.
LI NI U
Vit Nam, c nhiu t chc mang tnh x hi c bao cp hoc h

tr kinh ph t ngn sch nh nc, thnh lp t rt sm v c vai tr
ht sc quan trng trong i sng kinh t - x hi. Nhm ny bao gm
Mt trn T Quc Vit Nam v nm t chc chnh tr - x hi, cn gi l
on th (Hi Ph n, Hi Nng dn, on Thanh nin, Cng on, v
Hi Cu chin binh), cng 28 hi c th theo quy nh ca Ngh nh
s 45/2010/N-CP. Cc nhm t chc ny, do mang tnh qun chng
rng ln v c bn cht chnh tr gn vi nh nc, c nh nc h
tr ton phn hay mt phn kinh ph hot ng, trong bo co ny c
nh ngha l nhm cc t chc qun chng cng.
Cc t chc qun chng cng c phn b mt lng ngn sch
nh nc v hng nhiu chnh sch u i, tuy vy hiu qu hot ng
ca nhm t chc ny vn l mt du hi. Trong bi cnh ngn sch nh
nc ang gp nhiu kh khn, x hi ang ngy cng pht trin theo
chiu hng phc tp hn, vic nh gi mt cch ton din h thng
cc t chc ni trn l v cng cp thit.
V vy, Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR) ch tr
thc hin nghin cu c lng chi ph kinh t cho cc T chc qun
chng cng Vit Nam. Kt qu nghin cu c k vng s ng
gp cho cc tho lun ti Quc hi kha XIII trong nm 2015 lin quan
n vn ci cch hnh chnh v ngn sch nh nc. Nghin cu
cng nhm mong mun nh gi chnh xc gip cc t chc qun
chng cng hot ng hiu qu hn.
v
Trong gii hn v thi gian cng nh quy m, nghin cu ny k

vng gii quyt mt s vn sau:
H thng ho T chc qun chng cng Vit Nam
H thng ho h thng vn bn php l iu chnh hot ng ca
cc t chc trn
H thng ho vai tr, chc nng, nhim v ca cc t chc trn
c lng chi ph kinh t ca x hi dnh cho cc t chc
ni trn
nh gi s b hiu qu hot ng thc t ca h thng cc t
chc on th v hi c th ti mt s a phng kho cu
nh gi s b mi quan h gia cc t chc on th v hi c
th c nh nc ti tr ti mt s a phng kho cu
Vi s tr gip v h tr nhit tnh t cc c quan on th, cc t
chc qun chng cng c trung ng v a phng, nhm nghin
cu tin hnh kho st thc a ti ba a phng l H Ni, Bnh
nh, v Kin Giang. Nhm cng trao i vi nhiu chuyn gia hng
u v cc t chc qun chng cng Vit Nam, cc ban, ngnh, c
quan chuyn trch thc hin vic qun l cc t chc ny.
Tuy nhin, do gii hn v mt thi gian, ngun lc, cng nh tnh
khai m ca nghin cu, nghin cu ny chc chn s khng trnh khi
nhng thiu st. Do vy, nhm nghin cu mong nhn c nhng
kin ng gp, phn bin, xut v phng php ci thin trong
nhng nghin cu su hn v ti ny v sau.
vi
NHM TC GI
TS. Nguyn c Thnh: Nhn bng Tin s Kinh t Pht trin ti Vin
Nghin cu Chnh sch Quc gia Nht Bn (GRIPS), l chuyn gia
v kinh t v m, thanh vin Nhom T vn Kinh t cho Thu tng
Chnh ph. TS. Thnh l Vin trng Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v
Chnh sch (VEPR).
ThS. Nguyn Khc Giang: Nhn bng Thc s v Truyn thng v
Ton cu ha ti Aarhus University (an Mch) v City University,
London (Anh Quc), nghin cu vin ti Vin Nghin cu Kinh t
v Chnh sch (VEPR)
PGS. TS. V S Cng: Nhn bng Tin S v Kinh t ti chnh ti
i hc Paris Pantheon Sorbonne, l chuyn gia v ti chnh cng
v chnh sch pht trin, tng tham gia cc nhm t vn chnh sch
cho B Ti chnh, y ban Kinh t Quc hi. PGS.TS. V S Cng
hin l ging vin Hc vin Ti chnh.
vii
LI CM N
Nghin cu c lng chi ph kinh t cho cc t chc qun chng

cng Vit Nam, do Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR)
thc hin, c hon thnh nh s gip ca nhiu c nhn v
t chc.
Trc tin, nhm nghin cu xin c gi li cm n chn thnh
n Vin Nghin cu X hi, Kinh t v Mi trng (iSEE), c
nhng h tr v cng qu gi c v mt chuyn mn ln t chc trong
d n nghin cu.
S tham gia ca cc chuyn gia t vn, phn bin l yu t quyt
nh trong thnh cng ca nghin cu, t lc ln tng cho n nhng
bc hon thin cui cng. V vy, chng ti xin gi li tri n n PGS.
TS. Phm Bch San nguyn ph tng th k VUSTA, ng Nguyn
Ngc Lm nguyn V trng V cc T chc Phi chnh ph, B
Ni v, ThS. L Quang Bnh Vin trng iSEE, b Phm Chi Lan
chuyn gia kinh t cao cp, b Th Vn Gim c Trung tm thng
tin t chc Phi chnh ph, VUSTA, ThS. ng Vit Phng Vin X
hi hc, cng nhiu chuyn gia khc.
Nhng pht hin ca nghin cu c mt phn rt ln t s hp tc
nhit tnh ca cc c quan chc nng, on th cc a phng. Nhm
tc gi xin chn thnh cm n s hp tc ca cc a phng: H Ni
(S Ni v TP. H Ni, Mt trn T quc TP. H Ni), Bnh nh (S
Ni v tnh Bnh nh, Mt trn T quc tnh Bnh nh, on Thanh
nin tnh Bnh nh, Hi Ph n tnh Bnh nh, VUSTA Bnh nh,
Hi Nh bo tnh Bnh nh, Mt trn T quc huyn Ty Sn, on
ix
Thanh nin huyn Ty Sn, Hi Ph n huyn Ty Sn, Mt trn

T quc x Ty Xun Ty Sn); Kin Giang (Mt trn T quc tnh
Kin Giang, on Thanh nin tnh Kin Giang, Hi Ph n tnh Kin
Giang, VUSTA Kin Giang, Hi Nh bo tnh Kin Giang, Mt trn
T quc Th x H Tin, on Thanh nin Th x H Tin, Hi Ph
n Th x H Tin, Mt trn T quc v cc c quan on th phng
Pho i - Th x H Tin).
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n nhm h tr nghin cu thc
a, gm Hong Anh Dng (Vin Nghin cu X hi, Kinh t v Mi
trng), Ng Quc Thi v Nguyn Thanh Tng (Vin Nghin cu
Kinh t v Chnh sch). N lc ca cc nghin cu vin trn gip
nhm nghin cu thu thp v x l c nhiu thng tin qu gi trong
qu trnh nghin cu thc a ti a phng. Xin chn thnh cm n
anh Nguyn Quang Thi (VEPR), gip chng ti trong vic xy
dng phng php c lng chi ph, anh Trnh Hong (H Kinh t
Quc Dn), h tr chng ti tnh ton h thng nh ngh Cng on.
Chng ti cng xin gi li cm n su sc n cc thnh vin h
tr ca Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR). S tn tm,
nhit tnh v kin nhn ca h l phn khng th thiu trong vic hon
thin bo co.
D rt c gng trong thi gian cho php, vi nhng s h tr
nhit thnh ca cc chuyn gia v cng s, chng ti bit bo co vn
cn nhiu hn ch v thiu st. Chng ti rt mong nhn c s ng
gp ca qu v c gi nhm tc gi c c hi c hc hi v hon
thin hn trong nhng cng trnh tip theo.
H Ni, ngy 31/07/2015
Thay mt nhm tc gi
TS. Nguyn c Thnh
MC LC
Li ni u
Nhm tc gi
vii
Li cm n
ix
Danh mc bng
xiii
Danh mc hnh
xv
Danh mc cc ch vit tt
xvii
CHNG I: MC CH V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
I. Mc ch nghin cu
II. Phng php nghin cu
CHNG II: TNG QUAN H THNG

I. L thuyt v Cc t chc qun chng cng
11
II. Lch s pht trin ca cc t chc qun chng cng Vit Nam
13
III. Cu trc, chc nng, nhim v, quy m ca cc t chc qun chng cng 16
CHNG III: NGUN THU T NGN SCH CA
I. Ngn sch Trung ng
37
II. Ngn sch a phng
41
xi
CHNG IV: CC CHI PH KINH T KHC

CA X HI CHO CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG
I. Hi ph thnh vin
57
II. Thu nhp t ph y thc t Ngn hng Chnh sch X hi (VBSP)
62
CHNG V: C TNH CHI PH C HI V CHI PH N T TI SN C NH

V NGUN NHN LC CA CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG
I. Chi ph c hi t ti sn c nh
67
II. Chi ph n t ngun nhn lc
77
CHNG VI: THC T HOT NG CA

CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG MT S A PHNG
CHNG VII: MT S KT LUN V HM CHNH SCH
TRNG HP IN HNH - H THNG NH NGH CNG ON
Ph lc
155
Ti liu tham kho
159
Cc vn bn php l
167
Executive summary (English)
171
xii
DANH MC BNG
Bng 1:
Thnh vin v t l dn s thnh phn ca cc on th Vit Nam
23
Bng 2:
c im t chc cua mt s hi c thu
24
Bng 3:
Ngun thu t hi ph ca cc t chc qun chng cng

(gm qu hot ng ca Hi Ch thp (2014)
62
Bng 4:
Vn tn thc ca VBSP thng qua cc t chc trung gian
63
Bng 5:
Gi tr bt ng sn cc t chc qun chng cng cp tnh

Kin Giang
70
Gi tr bt ng sn t tr s cc t chc qun chng cng

th x H Tin v ton tnh
71
Gi tr c tnh tr s cc t chc qun chng cng cp tnh

Bnh nh
72
Gi tr ti sn c nh ca cc t chc qun chng cng

huyn Ty Sn v n v hnh chnh cp huyn
ca tnh Bnh nh (2014)
72
Gi tr bt ng sn do Trung ng hi ca MTTQ,
t chc on th nm gi
75
Bng 10:
Tng gi tr bt ng sn Trung ng hi c th
76
Bng 11:
Chi ph c hi s dng ngun nhn lc

trong h thng cc t chc qun chng cng
80
Tng chi ph kinh t cho cc t chc qun chng cng

trong nm 2014 (kch bn kh quan)
81
Bng 13:
c im cc a phng kho st
84
Bng 14:
Phn b h thng nh ngh cng on
112
Bng 15:
Cc tnh c s lng nh ngh cng on ln
112
Bng 6:
Bng 7:
Bng 8:
Bng 9:
Bng 12:
xiii
DANH MC HNH
Hnh 1:
S nghin cu thc a
Hnh 3:
M hinh quan ly cac hi c thu
19
Hnh 4:
H thng vn bn quy phm php lut iu chnh MTTQ

v on th
21
Hnh 5:
Lao ng trong lnh vc hnh chnh s nghip (2007 v 2012)
25
Hnh 6:
Vai tro phap inh cua MTTQ v on th
27
Hnh 7:
C ch phn b ngn sach hoat ng cho MTTQ v on th
33
Hnh 8:
Quy trinh thc hin h tr kinh phi t nh nc

cho cac hi c thu
35
Hnh 9:
S chi ph kinh t ca cc t chc qun chng cng
36
Hnh 10:
Ngn sch Trung ng cho Trung ng hi

cc t chc chnh tr - x hi (2006 -2014)
38
H tr ngn sch cho cc t chc CT-XH-NN, t chc XH,

t chc XH-NN trong nm 2009
39
Tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng

t ngn sch Trung ng, 2006 - 2014.
40
Chi ngn sch Trung ng cho cc t chc qun chng cng

v mt s c quan khc (2006 - 2014)
40
Chi ph cho cc t chc qun chng cng t ngn sch

a phng ca H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh, 2006 - 2014
43
Chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng

cc tnh min ni pha Bc, 2006 - 2014
44

cc tnh ng bng sng Hng
45

cc tnh Bc Trung b v duyn hi min Trung, 2006 - 2014
47
Hnh 11:
Hnh 12:
Hnh 13:
Hnh 14:
Hnh 15:
Hnh 16:
Hnh 17:
xv
Hnh 19:

cc tnh ng bng sng Cu Long, 2006 - 2014
49
Hnh 20:
Phn b nh ngh cng on trn c nc
111
Hnh 21:
Phn b nh ngh cng on trn ton quc.

Bn hnh chnh nc CHXHCN Vit Nam, Nxb Bn (2013).
115
Hnh 22:
M hnh v tr ca cc t chc x hi dn s
122
Hnh 23:
T chc x hi trong h thng chnh tr Vit Nam
123
xvi
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT
MTTQ
: Mt trn T quc Vit Nam
UBND
: y ban nhn dn
HND
: Hi ng nhn dn
N/A
: Not available (khng c thng tin)
VUSTA
: Lin hip cc Hi Khoa hc K thut Vit Nam
VULA
: Lin hip cc Hi Vn hc Ngh thut Vit Nam
VUFO
: Lin hip cc T chc Hu ngh Vit Nam
MDSD
: Most different systems design

(Khung nghin cu h thng khc bit nht)
VBSP
: Ngn hng Chnh sch X hi
xvii
CHNG I
Mc ch
v phng php nghin cu
I. MC CH NGHIN CU
Vit Nam, c nhiu t chc mang tnh x hi c bao cp hoc h

tr kinh ph t ngn sch nh nc, thnh lp t rt sm v c vai tr
ht sc quan trng trong i sng kinh t - x hi. Nhm ny bao gm
Mt trn T Quc Vit Nam v nm t chc chnh tr - x hi, cn gi l
on th (Hi Ph n, Hi Nng dn, on Thanh nin, Cng on v
Hi Cu chin binh), cng 28 hi c th theo quy nh ca Ngh nh
s 45/2010/N-CP. Cc nhm t chc ny, do mang tnh qun chng
rng ln v c bn cht chnh tr gn vi nh nc, nn c nh nc
h tr ton phn hay mt phn kinh ph hot ng, trong bo co ny
c nh ngha l nhm cc t chc qun chng cng.
Cc t chc qun chng cng c phn b mt lng ln ngn
sch nh nc v hng nhiu chnh sch u i, tuy vy hiu qu hot
ng ca nhm t chc ny vn l mt du hi ln. Trong bi cnh ngn
sch nh nc ang gp nhiu kh khn, x hi ang ngy cng pht
trin theo chiu hng phc tp hn, vic nh gi mt cch ton din
h thng cc t chc ni trn l v cng cp thit.
V vy, Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR) ch tr
thc hin nghin cu c lng chi ph kinh t cho cc t chc qun
chng cng Vit Nam. Kt qu nghin cu c k vng s ng
1
C LNG CHI PH KINH T...
gp cho cc tho lun ti Quc hi kha XIII nm 2015 lin quan n

vn ci cch hnh chnh v ngn sch nh nc.
Trong gii hn v thi gian cng nh quy m, nghin cu ny
k vng gii quyt mt s vn sau:
H thng ha cc t chc qun chng cng Vit Nam
H thng ha cc vn bn php l iu chnh hot ng ca cc
t chc trn
H thng ha vai tr, chc nng, nhim v ca cc t chc trn
c lng chi ph kinh t ca x hi dnh cho cc t chc trn
nh gi s b hiu qu hot ng thc t ca h thng cc t
chc qun chng cng ti mt s a phng kho cu.
nh gi s b mi quan h gia cc t chc qun chng cng
ti mt s a phng kho cu.
II. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
c c nh gi ton din v hiu qu v hot ng ca cc t

chc qun chng cng, nhm nghin cu p dng phng php nghin
cu hn hp (mixed method), trong s dng hai cng c nghin cu
chnh l c lng thng k kinh t v nghin cu so snh thc a
(comparative case study).
1. c lng thng k
Mc ch chnh ca nghin cu l c lng chi ph kinh t ca x hi
dnh cho cc t chc qun chng cng Vit Nam, v vy nghin cu
s dng ch yu cc phng php thng k, trong c c lng
thng k. Phng php ny cn gip nghin cu vt qua tr ngi
chung m nhiu nghin cu khc Vit Nam cng phi i mt, l hn
ch tip cn thng tin.
2
Mc ch v phng php nghin cu

c lng thng k c s dng theo phn cp qun l ca cc t
chc qun chng cng.
S liu c s dng c lng c ly t nhng ngun sau:
-- D ton v quyt ton ngn sch hng nm ca cc c quan Trung
ng v cc a phng t B Ti chnh;
-- S liu d ton v quyt ton ngn sch hng nm ca mt a
phng (cp tnh, huyn v x) c chn lm mu kho cu;
-- S liu thng k t Tng cc Thng k;
-- S liu t cc vn bn, bo co ca cc t chc l i tng kho cu;
-- Gi t quy nh trong nm 2014 ca UBND cc a phng
kho cu;
-- Quy nh v lng chuyn gia ca B Lao ng - Thng binh
v X hi;
-- Quy nh v mc lng, bin ch, nh bin t cc vn bn ca
ng Cng sn Vit Nam v Chnh ph;
-- Cc s liu dn t ngun chnh thc khc.
Ngoi ra, nhm nghin cu cng thu thp v s dng s liu trong
qu trnh kho st thc a i chiu, so snh v iu chnh cc c
lng thng k cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc tin.
1.1. c lng ngn sch chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng

Vi ngn sch Trung ng, s dng s liu quyt ton cho Trung
ng hi ca cc t chc qun chng cng

Vi tnh ton cho ngn sch cp tnh, 15 mu c chn trn c
s 7 vng a l khc nhau ( tin cy 99%)

Vi tnh ton cho ngn sch cp huyn, c 63 mu c la
chn ( tin cy 90%)
3

Vi tnh ton cho ngn sch cp x, c 596 mu c la chn
( tin cy 95%)
Phng php c lng thng k s gip hn ch nhng nhc im
khi nghin cu v h thng cc t chc qun chng cng Vit Nam do
thiu thng tin. Ty vo tng cp qun l hnh chnh m phng php
c lng c iu chnh lm tng chnh xc.
1.2. c lng cc chi ph kinh t khc
Gi nh chung: Tng t chnh sch v bin ch, cc chnh sch h tr khc
ca nh nc cho cc t chc qun chng cng bnh ng vi nhau v quyn
li (gia cc t chc ny v k c nhng a phng khc nhau).

c lng hi ph
c lng v hi ph thnh vin ca cc t chc qun chng cng
da trn gi nh hi ph cho 5 t chc on th v hi c th c t l
ng gp l 100%. y l thc t m nhm nghin cu quan st c
cc a bn kho st cng nh trn cc vn bn tng kt ca cc c quan
ni trn. C hai nguyn nhn chnh dn n t l ny: th nht, mc hi
ph ca on th rt thp (t 12.000 - 24.000 ng/nm); th hai, lnh
o on th cp c s sn sng b tin ti ca mnh, hoc ct bt t
ngun m h ng l c hng t hi ph c php gi li ng
gp mc hi ph 100%, nhm m bo ch tiu c ra.
Tuy c ngun h tr t ngn sch, nhiu hi c th hot ng trn
nguyn tc t nguyn, t trang tri kinh ph theo Ngh nh s 45/2010/
N-CP, nn hi ph c vai tr quan trng trong vic m bo ti chnh
hot ng. Cc hi c th, nu c ngun thu t hi ph, u quy nh
trong iu l l cc thnh vin bt buc phi ng hi ph, nu khng s
b khai tr khi hi. V vy, cc t chc ny, nhm nghin cu cng
gi nh mc ng hi ph l 100%.

c lng gi tr ti sn c nh do MTTQ, on th v cc hi
c th qun l
4

-- Tng t chnh sch bin ch, chnh sch v phn, cp bt ng
sn MTTQ, on th v cc hi c th thc hin nhim v
ca mnh l bnh ng gia cc a phng v gia cc t chc
on th.
-- Ly gi t quy nh ca chnh quyn a phng ti ni t tr s
ca cc t chc qun chng cng nm 2014 tnh ton.
-- V chi ph xy dng cng trnh: Vi nhng cng trnh mi xy
dng, ly chi ph thc t lm gi tr tnh ton. Vi nhng cng
trnh khng xc nh c c th chi ph xy dng, c lng
dng cc h s khc (h s c th c phn tch trc cc
phn c lng).
-- nhng ni cha bit c th din tch, dng phn mm Google
Earth Pro c tnh.
-- Nghin cu khng bao gm lng bt ng sn t cc n v
trc thuc ca hi c th.
Da vo nhng gi nh trn, nghin cu c lng gi tr trung
bnh ca khi bt ng sn m cc t chc qun chng cng nm gi
ti hai a phng kho st l Bnh nh v Kin Giang, sau dng
con s ny c tnh gi tr khi bt ng sn cc t chc qun chng
cng nm gi trn c nc.

c lng chi ph n t ngun nhn lc
Gi nh:
-- Nhng ngi c bng cp, thm nin v trnh chuyn mn nh
nhau th c th tm c cc cng vic c mc i ng ging nhau.
-- Mc lng kho st trong bo co Lao ng v Vic lm (2013)
ca Tng cc Thng k l mc x hi sn sng tr cho lao ng
vi bng cp, chuyn mn khc nhau.

c lng ngun thu ca cc t chc qun chng cng t vic
qun l cc loi qu an sinh x hi v t ngun hp tc vi cc
t chc quc t
-- Gi nh t l trch qu cc khon thu t cc loi qu an sinh x
hi ca MTTQ cc a phng l nh nhau v bng 3,5%1.
-- Cc on th c phn b ngun vn hp tc nc ngoi
ng u.
2. Phng php nghin cu so snh thc a

Trong phn nghin cu thc a, nhm nghin cu s dng phng
php nghin cu so snh thc a (comparative case study).
Mc ch ca phng php ny l lm r hai vn nghin cu:

nh gi hiu qu hot ng thc t ca h thng cc t chc
qun chng cng ti a phng;

nh gi mi quan h gia cc t chc qun chng cng ti a
phng.
Nghin cu mong mun tr li cu hi v c im ca h thng cc
t chc qun chng cng, nhng chi ph kinh t m h thng to ra, cng
nh s khc bit trong phn b ngun lc trong h thng gia cc t chc
ny ti cc a phng. nh gi mang tnh ton din v hiu qu, o
lng mi tng quan gia hai bin da trn s bin ng ca cc bin
kim sot (control variable), nghin cu p dng Khung nghin cu h
thng khc bit nht (Most different systems design - MDSD).
Ba a phng l H Ni, Bnh nh v Kin Giang c chn lm
a im nghin cu thc a.

Bin c lp (x): h thng ca cc t chc qun chng cng.
Xut pht t thc t nghin cu thc a, mc ph qun l c quy nh l di 5% v cc
a phng thng t mc 3,5%.
1

Bin ph thuc (y): hiu qu hot ng ca cc t chc qun
chng cng.

Bin kim sot (z): quy m hnh chnh, quy m dn s, mc
pht trin kinh t, v tr a l v nhn t bn trong t chc (nhn
lc, quan h vi c quan nh nc).

Gi thuyt (hypothesis): cch thc t chc nh hng n hiu
qu hot ng ca cc t chc qun chng cng.
Hnh 1: S nghin cu thc a
Chi ph
ngn sch
(X)
Chi ph
c hi
(Y)
Cng vic
hon thnh
(Z)
Quan im
trong cuc
Nhn t khc
Quy m
hnh chnh
Quy m
dn s
Mc
pht trin
c im
vng, min
Nhn t
khc
X: H thng t chc ca cc t chc qun chng cng

Y: Hiu qu hot ng ca cc t chc qun chng cng
Z: Cc yu t tc ng
Cc c im ca bin c lp x c nghin cu t nghin cu

ti bn, trong khi nghin cu thc a s ch ra cc c im ca bin
ph thuc y, mi tng quan gia x v y di tc ng ca cc bin
kim sot z.
Hiu qu hot ng ca cc t chc qun chng cng ti cc a
phng (bin y), s c nh gi thng qua cc tiu ch sau:

Chi ph thc t t ngn sch/nhn lc hot ng

Chi ph c hi (gm t ai, nhn lc, thi gian)

Nhim v, cng vic hon thnh theo ch tiu c giao

Nhn xt ca ngi trong cuc v nhim v, cng vic.
3. Hn ch ca phng php nghin cu

Phng php c lng thng k v nghin cu so snh thc a
p dng trong nghin cu ny c nhng hn ch nh sau:
-- Ngoi tr c lng chi ngn sch cho MTTQ, on th v cc
hi c th c tnh ton da trn cc s liu tng i y
v chnh xc, cc c lng v chi ph kinh t khc c s mu
nghin cu nh v phi da trn nhiu gi nh.
-- Nghin cu cn cha bao qut c ht nhng chi ph kinh t
m c th cc t chc qun chng cng gy ra cho x hi do
thiu thng tin. V d, nghin cu cha tnh ton c gi tr
kinh t ca cc n v trc thuc ca cc hi c th (v d c
thng tin cho rng c khong vi trm n v hot ng di s
bo tr ca t chc VCCI1), v khi hot ng trong nn kinh t
th trng th c bao nhiu phn trm cc n v ny c hng
li do hot ng di danh ngha l n v ph thuc ca cc t
chc trn.
1
Phng vn chuyn gia.

-- S dng cng c Google Earth Pro. Nu c con s chnh xc
t cc c quan nghin cu th tnh ng tin cy ca kt qu s
cao hn.
-- Quy m mu s dng phng php so snh thc a cn t (ba
a phng), lm gim kh nng khi qut ha kt qu nghin
cu thc a.
-- Nghin cu cha lng ha c chi ph t vic cc t chc
qun chng cng ln t (crowd out) cc hot ng ca cc t
chc x hi khc m nhng t chc ny khng c nh nc
ti tr kinh ph.
Do nhng hn ch trn, nhm nghin cu mong nhn c nhng
kin ng gp, phn bin, xut v phng php ci thin trong
nhng nghin cu su hn v ti ny.
CHNG II
Tng quan h thng

cc t chc qun chng cng
Chng II tp trung nghin cu h thng v c im ca cc t chc
x hi c nh nc h tr kinh ph, bao gm cc t chc chnh tr
- x hi (on th) v hi c th c nh nc h tr (bao gm cc
t chc chnh tr - x hi ngh nghip, t chc x hi - ngh nghip,
t chc x hi c h tr theo Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP).
I. L THUYT V CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG
Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi, hay cn c gi l cc t chc on th

qun chng (mass organizations), l t chc c sng lp bi ng
Cng sn nhm tip cn v vn ng qun chng tham gia, ng h cc
chnh sch ca ng (Tp ch Xy dng ng, 2013). T chc qun
chng ra i da trn tng ca V.I. Lenin trong bi vit Nhng g
cn phi lm?, xut bn nm 1902, vi mc ch gy dng nhng t
chc c c s thnh vin rng ri trong qun chng, c lin kt thnh
vin lng lo hn so vi t chc ng, to thnh nhng vng trn
lin kt tt c cc thnh phn trong dn chng (Lenin, 1902, 80).
Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi pht trin mnh trong giai on 1920
- 1950, c bit thi k mt trn dn ch chng pht xt (1936 - 1939),
khi nhiu chnh sch t do c p dng nhiu nc trn th gii,
bao gm c h thng thuc a. M hnh cc t chc chnh tr - x hi
tip tc tn ti v pht trin cc nc x hi ch ngha sau Chin
11
tranh Th gii th 2. Khi ch x hi ch ngha sp Lin X

v ng u, cc t chc qun chng y cng khng cn tn ti.
Ngy nay, hnh thc t chc qun chng nm di s lnh o ca mt
ng cm quyn ch cn tn ti mt s nc x hi ch ngha, v d
nh Trung Quc, Vit Nam, Lo v Bc Triu Tin. Ni nh mt lnh
o cp cao ca MTTQ: Ti i nc ngoi khng c ngi ng cp
tip n.1
Cc t chc qun chng cng, vi c im c sng lp v nm
di s ch o ca ng cm quyn, c ban cho quyn c quyn
trong lnh vc hot ng ca n (Kornai, 1992, 39). Mc d v danh
ngha, cc t chc qun chng c lp vi chnh quyn v lnh o
c cc thnh vin bu ra, tuy vy, trn thc t, cc ng vin cho v
tr ny phi c t chc ng thng qua (ibid.). Nhim v chnh ca
cc t chc ny, ni nh Lenin, l ng dy truyn ti (transmission
belts) tng v chnh sch ca ng n tng nhm qun chng trong
x hi m h ph trch (Lenin, 1920).
Cc t chc qun chng cng v chnh quyn (ng v nh nc),
v vy, l mt th gn kt vi nhau. Lnh o ca cc t chc qun
chng c th c b nhim vo cc v tr chc nng ca ng hoc nh
nc, v ngc li (Kornai, 1992, 40).
Nhn chung, cc t chc qun chng cng Vit Nam mang y
nhng c tnh ca cc t chc qun chng hnh mu do Lenin xy
dng nh cp trn.
Ngoi cc t chc qun chng ny, h thng cc t chc x hi
c nh nc h tr kinh ph Vit Nam cn c cc hi c th
theo Ngh nh 45/2010/N-CP. Cc t chc u l thnh vin ca
MTTQ Vit Nam, v l n lc nhm thc hin hai mc ch: tng mi
lin h gia chnh quyn vi cc thnh phn dn s khc nhau (doanh
nghip, cng nhn, vin chc cc ngnh ngh,) trong mt x hi a
1
Phng vn HN4
12
Tng quan h thng cc t chc qun chng cng

dng hn sau i mi, m bo vai tr lnh o ca ng trong mt
mi trng mi.
II. LCH S PHT TRIN CA
CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG VIT NAM
ng Cng sn Vit Nam coi vic qun l, thnh lp cc t chc qun

chng cng thuc thm quyn ca mnh. Cc vn bn ch o ca ng
thng ra i trc, tr thnh vn bn hng dn cho cc chnh sch
ca Chnh ph. Hi ngh ln th IV, Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng
kha V (thng 6/1983) nu r: Phi xc nh bng php lut vai tr
rt quan trng ca cc on th qun chng, cng phi hp hnh ng
v to iu kin thun li cho Cng on, on Thanh nin Cng sn
H Ch Minh, Hi Ph n v cc on th qun chng khc. l
trng hc v ch ngha x hi v ch ngha cng sn ca cc tng lp
nhn dn, l nhng ngi cng tc c lc ca Nh nc, l nhng
dy chuyn ni lin ng vi qun chng. Rigby (1991) ghi nhn v
iu ny khi m t ch ngha x hi c ng (mono-organizational
socialism) Vit Nam nh sau: ng kim sot v lnh o cc t
chc v hi chnh thc. ng ra mc tiu cho cc nhm ny, v quyt
nh c cu v ph chun nhn s lnh o. Nhng hi ny n lt n
li gn cht vi ma trn t chc m ng ch o. C th ni, ng coi
cc t chc ny l cnh tay ni di ca mnh, thc hin cc nhim v do
ng giao ph v l cng c tham gia gim st chnh quyn v qun l
hnh chnh nh nc1.
Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi (on th) Vit Nam hu ht c
ng Cng sn Vit Nam t chc thnh lp trong giai on trc
Cch mng thng Tm (1945), nhm vn ng qun chng ng h v
tham gia phong tro chnh tr ca ng, ch yu l phong tro ginh c
lp dn tc (Sakata, 2006, 51):
Nhm nghin cu xin chn thnh cm n chia s ca ThS. ng Vit Phng, Vin X hi
hc v nhng thng tin ny.
1
13
Mt trn T quc (di tn gi Hi Phn ng minh) ra i

nm 1930 sau s kin X vit Ngh Tnh
Hi Nng dn Vit Nam ra i thng 10/1930 di tn giTng
Nng hi ng Dng
on Thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh ra i ngy 26/03/1931
(on Thanh nin Cng sn Vit Nam)
Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam thnh lp ngy 20/10/1930.
Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam thnh lp ngy 28/07/1929
(di tn gi Tng Cng hi Bc K)
Ring Hi Cu chin binh Vit Nam c thnh lp ngy
6/12/1989.
K t khi ra i, cc t chc ny c vai tr ht sc to ln i vi
s nghip cch mng ca ng Cng sn v nhn dn Vit Nam. Mt
trn T Quc, di nhiu tn gi khc nhau, tp hp lc lng qun
chng tham gia cc phong tro cch mng t cc thi k 1930 - 1931,
1936 - 1939 (Phong tro dn ch ng Dng), n Cch mng thng
Tm (1945). Nhim v ca MTTQ cng nh cc t chc thnh vin
khc trc Cch mng thng Tm l vn ng dn tc ni dy ginh
c lp (Mt trn T Quc, 2014). hai cuc khng chin chng Php
(1945 - 1954) v chng M (1954 - 1975), vai tr ca Mt trn v cc
t chc chnh tr - x hi l vn ng nhn dn va khng chin, va
kin quc (Bo in t ng Cng sn, 2014). cuc khng chin
chng M (1954 - 1975), trn thc t c hai mt trn t quc hot ng
song song m trch cc mc tiu khc nhau hai min Bc - Nam
(Mt trn T Quc, 2014). Sau nm 1976, nhim v ca MTTQ v cc
t chc chnh tr - x hi l pht huy dn ch, tng cng ng thun
x hi, xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc v dn giu, nc mnh,
x hi cng bng, dn ch, vn minh (ibid.).Trong qu trnh thc hin
nhng nhim v c giao, cc t chc chnh tr - x hi khc trn thc
t c nhim v gn nh tng t vi MTTQ ph hp vi tng thi
14

k ca cch mng Vit Nam. Nh vy, c th thy cc t chc chnh
tr - x hi c mc tiu hot ng khc nhau ty tng thi im, v ty
thuc s ch o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam.
Ngoi 6 t chc chnh tr - x hi nh lit k trn, giai on
i mi bt u t nm 1986 dn n s hnh thnh v pht trin
ca nhiu t chc chnh tr - x hi, chnh tr - x hi - ngh nghip, t
chc x hi khc (c gi chung l cc hi qun chng) c mi lin
kt lng lo hn vi ng v chnh quyn (Trn Ngc Hin, 2011), v
d nh Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI) (thnh
lp nm 1963), Lin hip cc Hi Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam
(VUSTA) (thnh lp nm 1983), hay cc hi, on ngh nghip (Hi
Lut s, Hi Nh bo,). Cc hi ny c thnh lp bi cc c quan
nh nc, nhng mt s trn danh ngha l cc t chc c lp, Phi
chnh ph (VCCI), hoc chu s qun l trc tip ca ng hoc Nh
nc (Hi Nh bo, VUSTA).
Khc vi MTTQ v on th, vic phn loi v quyt nh nhm
cc t chc ny c c hng tr cp t ngn sch nh nc hay
khng lun l mt ch gy tranh ci. tng c kin cho rng
cn phi ct ngun tr cp t ngn sch cho cc hi qun chng trong
nhng nm 19901. Tuy vy, n thi im hin ti, cuc tranh lun vn
cha ng ng. Trn thc t, h tr ca nh nc theo bin ch c xu
hng gim dn, nhng kinh ph cp cho cc t chc ny tng ln theo
hng h tr thc hin nhim v nh nc giao. Theo Ngh nh s
45/2010/N-CP, cc t chc ny c lit vo nhm cc hi c tnh
cht c th (gm 28 hi hot ng trn phm vi c nc). K t thi
im ny, cc hi khng phi on th, nhng c nhn h tr t ngn
sch nh nc, c gi l hi c th. Ngh nh ny l c s cc
hi c th nhn c h tr t ngn sch nh nc. Kho st cc a
phng cho thy, hin mt s UBND tnh ngng cp xc nhn hi
c th ch nhng vn bn ch o, iu hnh t ng v Chnh ph
trong thi gian ti.
1
Phng vn chuyn gia.
15
III. CU TRC, CHC NNG, NHIM V, QUY M CA

1. Cu truc va vi tri ca cc t chc qun chng cng

trong h thng chnh tr
Nh cp phn 1 ca chng II, c hai nhm t chc x hi c
nh nc h tr. Hai nhm hai ny c nhng c im khc nhau v v
tr v vai tr trong h thng chnh tr.
Mt trn T quc v cc t chc chnh tr - x hi (on th) c
coi l nhng thnh vin chin lc quan trng trong h thng chnh
tr nc ta (Tp ch Xy dng ng, 2013). Hin php sa i 2013
quy nh:
Mt trn T quc Vit Nam l c s chnh tr ca chnh quyn nhn
dn; i din, bo v quyn v li ch hp php, chnh ng ca nhn
dn; tp hp, pht huy sc mnh i on kt ton dn tc, thc hin
dn ch, tng cng ng thun x hi; gim st, phn bin x hi;
tham gia xy dng ng, Nh nc, hot ng i ngoi nhn dn, gp
phn xy dng v bo v T quc.
Khon 1, iu 9, Hin php 2013.
Cng oan Vit Nam, Hi Nng dn Vit Nam, on Thanh nin
Cng sn H Ch Minh, Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam, Hi Cu chin
binh Vit Nam l cc t chc chnh tr - x hi c thnh lp trn c
s t nguyn, i din v bo v quyn, li ch hp php, chnh ng
ca thnh vin, hi vin t chc mnh; cng cc t chc thnh vin khc
ca Mt trn phi hp v thng nht hnh ng trong MTTQ Vit Nam.
Khon 2, iu 9, Hin php 2013
Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi c coi l mt trong ba c my
m bo h thng vn hnh trn tru, pht huy quyn lc ca nhn dn
(Tp ch Xy dng ng, 2013). Theo nguyn tc ng lnh o,Nh
nc qun l,nhn dn lm ch th MTTQ v cc t chc chnh tr - x
16

hi c coi l c s chnh tr ca chnh quyn nhn dn, ni th hin
ch nguyn vng, tp hp khi i on kt ton dn, pht huy quyn
lm ch ca dn (Lut MTTQ 1999, Khon 1, iu 2).
Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi ch yu th hin cc vai tr hin nh
ca mnh thng qua t chc i din l MTTQ. Trong h thng cc t
chc chnh tr - x hi, MTTQ Vit Nam l t chc ln nht, l tp hp
ca hu ht cc t chc ln khc. V hnh thc, MTTQ Vit Nam c
nh ngha l mt lin minh chnh tr, lin hip t nguyn ca cc t
chc (Hin php 2013, iu 9). Tuy vy, nu xt v c im t chc,
tnh chnh tr v tnh x hi ca MTTQ, thit ch ny l t chc qun
chng rng ln nht, mang y tnh cht ca mt t chc chnh tr x hi (V Th Loan, 2013).
c ng sng lp v lnh o, v mt bn cht, MTTQ v cc
on th chnh tr - x hi l cc t chc qun chng ca ng, l cng
c ng thc hin su rng ng li, ch trng trong cc tng lp
nhn dn. V danh ngha, cc t chc qun chng nm trong h thng
do MTTQ lnh o, c mi quan h vi Mt trn da trn nguyn tc t
nguyn, hip thng dn ch, phi hp v thng nht hnh ng (Lut
Mt trn T Quc 1999, iu 3). Trong h thng ny, ng va l thnh
vin, va l lnh o ca MTTQ. l nhng thit ch t chc va
mang tnh chnh tr, va mang tnh x hi v tnh nhn dn (Tp ch Xy
dng ng, 2013). H thng cc t chc chnh tr - x hi c th c
m hnh ha nh s di y.
17

Hnh 2: M hnh qun l ca cc t chc chnh tr - x hi
ng Cng sn
Vit Nam
Mt trn T Quc
Vit Nam
on
Thanh nin
Hi Cu
chin binh
Cng on
Hi
LHPNVN
Hi
Nng dn
Ngun: Tc gi tng hp qua cc t liu php l
Cc t chc c th c nh nc h tr kinh ph c chia ra

lm hai nhm chnh:
- Nhm t chc m (umbrella organizations), c nhim v h tr
vic ng k v h tr c quan qun l trong vic qun l t chc x
hi khc, c quyn lc chnh tr cao: Lin hip cc Hi Khoa hc v K
thut Vit Nam (VUSTA), Lin hip cc Hi Vn hc Ngh thut Vit
Nam (VULA), Lin hip cc T chc Hu ngh Vit Nam (VUFO), hay
Lin minh Hp tc x Vit Nam (VCA). Cc t chc ny c gi l t
chc chnh tr - x hi (nhng v tr thp hn nhm 5 t chc on th),
hoc chnh tr - x hi ngh nghip. T chnh tr nhn mnh vai tr
ca cc t chc trong x hi.
- Nhm cc t chc chnh tr - x hi - ngh nghip, x hi - ngh
nghip: 21 t chc hi c th khc theo Quyt nh s 68/2010/QTTG, v d nh Hi Nh bo Vit Nam, Hi Sinh vin Vit Nam, hay
Hi Khuyn hc Vit Nam, Hi Ch thp , Hi Ngi cao tui.
Nhom nay khng co vai tro c hin inh hay lut hoa nh cac t
chc chinh tri - xa hi. Nh vy trn danh nghia, cac hi c thu khng
18

trc tip nm trong h thng chinh tri cua Vit Nam, ma chi tham gia
vi t cach la thanh vin cua MTTQ.
Hnh 3: M hinh quan ly cac hi c thu
C quan nh nc
quan ly trc tip
Mt trn T Quc
T chc CT-XH-NN,
XH-NN, hi c
th khc
T chc m
(umbrella
organizations)
VUSTA
VULA
Hi
ngh nghip
VUFO
Cc t chc
x hi khc
Cc t chc
khc
Ngun: Tc gi tng hp t cc vn bn php l
19
2. Khung php l cho hot ng

ca cc t chc qun chng cng
Mt trn T quc va on th
Quyn li v ngha v ca cc t chc nay c quy nh trong
Hin php (iu 9 v iu 10) v hu ht u c iu chnh c th
bi tng vn bn php lut ring. C th:
Lut Mt trn T Quc 19991
Lut Cng on 2012
Lut Thanh nin 2005
Php lnh s 27/2005/PL-UBTVQH1 iu chnh v Hi Cu
chin binh
Lut Bnh ng gii 2006, Ngh nh s 56/2012/N-CP ngy
16/7/2012 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh trch nhim ca b,
ngnh, UBND cc cp trong vic bo m cho cc cp Hi Lin
hip Ph n Vit Nam tham gia qun l nh nc, Ngh nh s
70/2008/N-CPngy 04/6/2007ca Chnh phquy nh chi tit
thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bnh ng gii.
Hi Nng dn Vit Nam: Quyt nh s 673/Q-TTG ca Th
tng Chnh ph v vic Hi Nng dn Vit Nam trc tip thc
hin v phi hp thc hin mt s chng trnh, n pht
trin kinh t, vn ha, x hi nng thn giai on 2011 2020;
Ngh quyt s 24/2008/NQ-CP ca Chnh ph: Ban hnh
Chng trnh hnh ng ca Chnh ph thc hin Ngh quyt
Hi ngh ln th 7 Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng kha X v
nng nghip, nng dn, nng thn.
Theo MTTQ, tinh n thi im nm 2014 co hn 50 vn ban phap lut khac nhau,
trc tip hoc gian tip iu chinh t chc nay va cac thanh vin.
1
20

Ngoi ra, nhiu vn bn quy phm php lut khc c cc iu khon
iu chnh cc t chc chnh tr - x hi ny, v d nh Lut t chc
Quc hi, Lut bu c i biu Quc hi (Mt trn T quc), hay Lut
cn b, cng chc nm 2008. iu 10 Lut ngn sch nh nc nm
2002 quy nh Ngn sch nh nc bo m cn i kinh ph hot
ng ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam v cc t chc chnh tr - x hi.
y l c s php l cc t chc ny nhn bao cp v kinh ph hot
ng t Nh nc.
Cc cp chnh quyn a phng cng c nhng vn bn, chung
hoc ring, iu chnh hot ng ca nhm t chc on th ny.
Hnh 4: H thng vn bn quy phm php lut iu chnh MTTQ
v on th
Hin php
Ngh quyt, php

lnh Quc hi
Lut, b lut
Ngh nh, quyt

nh ca chnh ph
Cc vn bn khc
iu 9, 10, 84, 96, 101, 116 Hin php (sa i) nm 2013
Php lnh CCB s 27/2005, Php lnh v thc hin dn

ch x phng, th trn nm 2007,
B lut Dn s 2005, Lut Mt trn T Quc 1999, Lut

Cng on 2012, Lut Ngn sch nh nc nm 2002,
Ngh nh s 56/2012/N-CP (Hi LHPNVN), 120/2007/NCP (on TNCS),
Thng t 36/2002/TT-BTC (Hi Nng dn), Ngh quyt

01/2012/NQLT-CP-BCHTWTN (on thanh nin),
Ngun: Tc gi tng hp
21
i vi hi c th khc c nh nc h tr kinh ph. Cng

ging nh cc thnh vin khc trong h thng cc t chc x hi Vit
Nam, cc t chc ny cha c iu chnh bi mt b lut c th, m
bi cc vn bn di lut, c th l cc ngh nh, quyt nh ca Chnh
ph, quyt nh ca y ban nhn dn cc cp, hay thng t ca cc b
(vi du nh Thng t 11 Quy inh thi hanh Nghi inh s 45/2010/NCP). Vn bn quy phm php lut c hiu lc cao nht iu chnh nhm
trn cho n thi im ny l Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP quy nh
v t chc, hot ng v qun l hi ban hnh v c hiu lc nm 2010,
cung vi Nghi inh 33 N-CP sa i mt s iu trong Nghi inh 45
ban hanh nm 2012.
Mt s hi c th c vai tr chnh tr c iu chnh theo lut,
gm c Lin minh Hp tac xa Vit Nam, c iu chinh bi Lut hp
tac xa Vit Nam nm 2012, Hi Ngi cao tui (Lut ngi cao tui
2009), Hi Ch thp (Lut hot ng ch thp nm 2008).
Mt iu khon quan trng l Khon 1 iu 35 ca Ngh nh
45/2010/ N-CP quy nh hi c th l Cc hi c tnh cht c th
c cp kinh ph hot ng theo s bin ch c giao; bo m kinh
ph thc hin nhim v nh nc giao v h tr c s vt cht v
phng tin hot ng; c khuyn khch, to iu kin tham gia thc
hin mt s hot ng qun l nh nc, cc dch v cng; thc hin
t vn, phn bin v gim nh x hi; thc hin cc chng trnh,
ti, d n.
Ngoai ra, cac t chc nay hoat ng da trn iu l hoat ng
c cac c quan quan ly nh nc (thng la Thu tng Chinh phu
hoc B Ni vu) ph duyt.
22
3. Quy m ca cc t chc qun chng cng

3.1. MTTQ v on th
Xt trong cc t chc hot ng Vit Nam v khng trc tip tham
gia qun l nh nc, cc MTTQ v on th l nhm c lng thnh
vin ng nht, mng li hot ng su rng nht, tp hp phn ln
nhm dn s m cc t chc ny i din (bng 1). Cac t chc nay co
h thng t chc t Trung ng n ia phng (4 cp).
Bng 1: Thnh vin v t l dn s thnh phn ca cc on th Vit Nam
T chc qun l Lng hi vin
Hi Nng dn Vit Nam
Hi Ph n Vit Nam
Hi Cu chin binh
on Thanh nin
Tng Lin on
Lao ng Vit Nam
S chi hi
ng CSVN
10,4 triu (2013) 10.536 c s hi,

95.246 chi hi1
ng CSVN 15,3 triu (2012) 13.418 c s hi
ng CSVN/ B
2,7 triu
16.000c s hi5
4
Quc Phong
(2014)
ng CSVN
7,0 triu
35.945 c s va
(2012)7
245.106 chi on8
ng CSVN
7,1 triu |
2011)9
100 nghin cng

oan c s10
Hi vin/ Dn
s thnh phn
64%2
73%3
68%6
30%
47%
Bo co ca y ban Trung ng MTTQ Vit Nam kha VII ti i hi i biu ton quc MTTQ
Vit Nam ln th VIII, nhim k 2014 2019.
2
S hi vin Hi Nng dn c ly t Bo co Ban Chp hnh Trung ng Hi Nng dn
Vit Nam kha V (2013). S h nng dn c ly t bo Nhn dn (2014).
3
Bo co nh gi phong tro ph n v kt qu hot ng ca Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam
nhim k 2007 2012, phng hng, nhim v nhim k 2012 2017.
4
Bo co ca y ban Trung ng MTTQ Vit Nam kha VII ti i hi i biu ton quc MTTQ
Vit Nam ln th VIII, nhim k 2014 2019
5
ai Ting noi Vit Nam (2012). Sang nay khai mac ai hi Hi CCB ln th V.
6
Bo in t ng Cng sn Vit Nam (2012). V tr, vai tr, tnh cht, chc nng, nhim v ca
Hi Cu chin binh Vit Nam, c nc c 4 triu cu chin binh.
7
Kt qu cng tc xy dng on, m rng mt trn on kt tp hp thanh nin nhim k
2007 2012, S: 374 BC/TWTN.
8
Bao cao S: 64 BC/TWTN (2013).
9
Bo co tnh hnh thc hin chng trnh pht trin on vin nm 2010, 51/BC-TL.
1
10
Thng tn xa Vit Nam (2014). Ch tch nc: Cng on phi bo v quyn li ngi lao ng.
23
Cac hi c thu c nh nc h tr kinh phi cung co b may

tng i kin toan, tuy vy c s thng chi co tai cac thanh ph ln
(CIVICUS 2006, 33-34), ch khng i v cac cp nh hn, ngoai tr
mt s trng hp nh Lin minh Hp tac xa (chu yu nng thn)
hay cac hip hi thng mai (chu yu hoat ng cac thanh ph ln).
Mt s t chc hot ng ti ba cp nh Hi Ch thp , Hi Ngi
cao tui (4 cp mt s a phng), cn li ch yu l hai cp nh Hi
Nh bo, VUSTA hay VCCI.
Bng 2: c im t chc cua mt s hi c thu
T chc quan ly
Nhn lc
Lng thanh vin
Mang li
VUSTA
ang CSVN
VULA
ang CSVN
(N/A)
(N/A)
10 hip hi TW va 30 hip
hi tinh thanh
VUFO
ang CSVN
(N/A)
(N/A)
108 t chc thanh vin2
Chnh ph (qua
B Ni v), UBND
cc cp
17.775
ng CSVN
N/A
Chnh ph (qua b
L-TB-XH), UBND
cc cp
(N/A)
Hi Ch
thp o3
Hi Lut gia
Hi Ngi
cao tui5
Lin minh Chnh ph (qua B

Hp tac xa Khoa hc v Cng
Vit Nam
ngh), UBND
cc cp
Khng r
1,15 triu thanh 56 t chc cp TW, 37 hi
(N/A)
vin trn toan quc VUSTA ia phng vi 540
t chc thanh vin1
4,5 triu hi vin 63 c s hi cp tinh, 16

toan quc
trung tm trc thuc,
16.945 t chc hi c s
46.0004
50 c s hi trc thuc
8,3 triu hi vin 99 nghin chi hi, 250

nghin t hi
7.690 c s lin minh (trn
tng s 12.612 hp tac xa
toan quc)6
CIVICUS Report (2006).

Tap chi Thi ai (2014). VUFO c thnh vin th 108.
3
Bao cao tng kt cng tc Hi v phong tro Ch thp nm 2013 (2013).
4
hoiluatgiavn.org.vn. i hi i biu ton quc ln th XII Hi Lut gia Vit Nam thnh cng
tt p.
5
am Hu c (2014). Bao cao cho mng Ngy Quc t Ngi cao tui 1-10.
6
Lin minh Hp tc x Vit Nam (2012). S liu cc hp tc x tham gia thnh vin Lin minh.
1
2
24

Theo bao cao cua Tng cuc Thng k (2012), tinh n nm 2012,
ca nc co 246.144 ngi lam vic cho 34.378 c s cua t chc chinh
tri, oan th, xa hi c nh nc ai ng theo ch . S can b, cng
chc lam vic cho cac t chc chinh tri, oan th, xa hi c nh nc
tra lng chim 7,2% nhn lc lam vic cho nh nc v 1,1% tng
lc lng lao ng x hi. Con s ny cha bao gm s cn b khng
chuyn trch cp x, phng, thn, xm.
Hnh 5: Lao ng trong lnh vc hnh chnh s nghip (2007 v 2012)
2007
C quan hnh chnh
n v s nghip
T chc chnh tr - x hi, on th,
hip hi
n v kinh t thuc c quan HCSN
n v hnh chnh s nghip
2012
C quan hnh chnh
n v s nghip
T chc chnh tr - x hi, on th,
hip hi
n v kinh t thuc c quan HCSN
n v hnh chnh s nghip
Ngun: Tng cc Thng k (2012)
25
Cung theo Tng cuc Thng k (2012), trong thi ky 2007 - 2012,
s lng cc c s thuc on th, hip hi, cc t chc x hi c mc
tng cao nht trong khu vc hnh chnh s nghip vi 10,8% v s
lng (bnh qun hng nm tng 2,1%) v 13,4% v lao ng (bnh
qun hng nm tng 2,6%).
Tnh theo tng cp, cp c s (cp x), theo Ngh nh s 92/2009/
N-CP, c 5/11 chc v cn b x thuc v cc on th chnh tr - x
hi (gm Ch tch y ban MTTQ Vit Nam, B th on Thanh nin
Cng sn H Ch Minh, Ch tch Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam, Ch
tch Hi Nng dn Vit Nam (p dng i vi x, phng, th trn c
hot ng nng, lm, ng, dim nghip v c t chc Hi Nng dn
Vit Nam), v Ch tch Hi Cu chin binh Vit Nam).
Ngoi s cn b c bin ch hot ng trong b my, cp x
cn c h thng cn b khng chuyn trch. Theo y ban v cc vn
x hi ca Quc hi (2014), ton quc c khong 229.592 cn b
khng chuyn trch cp x1, trong trung bnh c t nht 7 chc v
khng chuyn trch trn ti thiu 18 chc danh khng chuyn trch (t
l 40%). Nh vy, c tnh c khong 91.837 cn b khng chuyn
trch hot ng trong cc t chc qun chng cng cp c s.
Nh vy, tng s ngi hot ng trong lnh vc t chc qun
chng cng (c bin ch v khng c bin ch), c tnh vo khong
337.981 ngi.
4. Chc nng ca cc t chc qun chng cng

4.1. Chc nng theo lut nh (de jure)
i vi MTTQ v on th
Vi t cch l c s cho quyn lc ca nhn dn, theo lut nh, cc t
chc chnh tr - x hi c quyn lc rt ln, c bit vi t cch tp th
l thnh vin ca MTTQ Vit Nam.
1
qdnd.vn. Ngi hot ng khng chuyn trch x phng se c ng bo him x hi.
26

Hnh 6: Vai tro phap inh cua MTTQ v on th
Lp php
Hnh php
T php
T chc bu c Quc hi, c i

biu Quc hi
Trnh d n lut, php lnh
Gp kin v cc d n xy dng vn
bn php lut
Tham gia qun l nh nc theo ngha

v c giao
Phi hp, tr gip chnh ph thc hin
chc nng qun l nh nc
Ban hnh cc ngh quyt, thng t
lin tch
Tham gia t tng, tuyn chn thm

phn, gii thiu Hi thm Ta n
nhn dn
Phi hp vi Vin kim st trong cc
hot ng t php
Ngun: Tng hp ca nhm nghin cu t vn bn php l
V mt lp php, t chc nh nc, chnh quyn

ng vai tr ch cht trong vic gii thiu ngi ng c tham
gia i biu Quc hi, t chc tip xc vn ng c tri, t chc
cc hi ngh hip thng c cu thnh phn tham gia Quc
hi v hi ng nhn dn cc cp. Mt trn l ni lp danh sch
cc ng c vin i biu Quc hi v i biu hi ng nhn dn
cc cp1.
y ban Trung ng MTTQ Vit Nam v c quan Trung ng
ca cc t chc thnh vin ca Mt trn c quyn trnh d n
lut trc Quc hi, trnh d n php lnh trc y ban thng
v Quc hi.
iu 5, iu 52 Lut bu c ai biu Quc hi; iu 46 Lut bu c i biu hi ng

nhn dn.
27
c quyn gp kin khi Chnh ph xy dng d n Lut,

php lnh, v ngh quyt, ngh nh1.
y ban Trung ng MTTQ Vit Nam, Ban Chp hnh Tng
Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam v Ban Chp hnh Trung ng
ca on th nhn dn c quyn phi hp, giup Chinh phu
trong quan ly nh nc (iu 7, Lut t chc Chnh ph).
V mt t phap, giam sat hoat ng cua cac t chc cng quyn
Mt trn T quc va cac t chc chinh tri - xa hi co chc nng
giam sat hoat ng cua c quan nh nc, i biu dn c, cn
b, cng chc bng ba phng phap chinh: ng vin nhn dn
thc hin quyn giam sat, phi hp vi cac c quan quyn lc
nh nc, va tng hp y kin cua nhn dn kin nghi c quan
chc nng2.
MTTQ Vit Nam, cc t chc thnh vin ca Mt trn c trch
nhim gim st vic thi hnh php lut v khiu ni va giup
nhn dn trong qua trinh khiu nai, vi du nh t chc vic tip
cng dn n khiu ni; khi nhn c khiu ni th nghin cu,
hng dn ngi khiu ni n c quan, t chc c thm quyn
gii quyt khiu ni3.
y ban MTTQ cng cp c quyn gii thiu ng vin hi ng
nhn dn bu ra hi thm nhn dn, toa an nhn dn ia phng4.
Trong thi im nghin cu, Quc hi ang tho lun v Lut
MTTQ sa i, trong c nhng xut v vic MTTQ gim
st hot ng ca ng5.
i vi cc hi c th, ngoi cc chc nng thc hin vi t cch
thnh vin ca MTTQ Vit Nam, 28 hi c th c cc chc nng c
iu 39, Lut t chc Chnh ph nm 2001.
iu 12, Lut MTTQ Vit Nam nm 1999.
3
iu 66, Lut khiu ni nm 2011.
4
iu 41, Lut t chc toa an nhn dn nm 2002.
5
Vietnamnet.vn, MTTQ phn bin, gim st chnh sch, php lut.
1
2
28

quy nh trong iu 34 ca Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP, trong o
bao gm:
Tham gia vi cc b, c quan ngang b xy dng cc c ch,
chnh sch lin quan trc tip n hot ng ca hi
Tham gia thc hin mt s hot ng qun l nh nc, dch v
cng thuc lnh vc hot ng ca hi
T vn, phn bin v gim nh x hi cc chnh sch, chng
trnh, ti, d n do c quan nh nc yu cu v cc vn
thuc lnh vc hot ng ca hi
Tp hp, nghin cu kin, kin ngh ca cc hi thnh vin,
hi vin tham gia cc chng trnh pht trin kinh t, vn ha,
x hi ca t nc
Tp hp cc chuyn gia u ngnh, cc chuyn gia gii cc
hi thnh vin v cc t chc c lin quan thc hin nhim
v c giao, thc hin t vn, phn bin v gim nh x hi.
Nh vy, hi c th c chc nng chinh la t vn, gim st, phn
bin x hi; v tham gia qu trnh xy dng vn bn php lut lin quan
n lnh vc hot ng ca hi. Hi con c php tham gia cung cp
cc loi dch v cng hay qun l nh nc theo lnh vc hot ng ca
hi (v d nh Hi Ch thp trong lnh vc y t, sc khe cng ng).
4.2. Chc nng thc t (de facto)
i vi MTTQ v on th
Du c Hin phap va cac vn ban quy pham phap lut quy inh nhiu
vai tro trong h thng chinh tri, cac t chc chinh tri - xa hi va MTTQ
cha thc hin c quyn lc cua minh, do cha co cac cac quy inh
cu th, c s phap ly, va iu kin cn thit hoat ng (Tap chi Cng
san, nm 2014). V d nh co hn 120 vn bn quy phm php lut c
quy nh v chc nng gim st ca MTTQ va cac t chc chinh tri - xa
hi, tuy vy, thc t cc a phng kho st u cho rng hin thc
29
ha c hot ng ny cn rt nhiu kh khn do thiu c ch c th,

kinh ph, v nhn lc kh nng thc hin.
Trong nm 2013, tng s cuc gim st ca cc ban thanh tra nhn
dn c s l: 51.077; s v, vic kin ngh x l: 17.089; s v, vic
c c quan c thm quyn x l, gii quyt: 13.317, thu hi c hn
15 t ng (Nguyn Thin Nhn, 2014).
Thc t kho st cho thy, pht huy c vai tr ca MTTQ v
on th trong h thng chnh tr ph thuc rt ln vo lnh o ca cc
t chc ny, cng nh quan h vi chnh quyn.
Chc nng thc t ca MTTQ v on th gn lin vi nhim v do
ng ra: vn ng, thuyt phc qun chng tham gia cc chnh sch
ca ng v Nh nc. Vi chc nng ny, MTTQ v on th, nh
gi ca Lenin, hot ng nh mt ng dy truyn ti (transmission
belts) thng tin gia chnh quyn v ngi dn. iu ny khin MTTQ
v on th thiu tnh ch ng tham gia vi thc xy dng cng ng
v x hi (Nguyn c Vinh, 2013).
Ngoi ra, trong thi k i mi, MTTQ v on th hot ng rt
tch cc trong cc cng tc x hi nh xa i gim ngho hay xa nn
m ch.
V quyn lc chinh tri, tt ca cac lanh ao cua MTTQ va cac t
chc chinh tri - xa hi u la uy vin Ban Chp hanh Trung ng ang
khoa XI (chinh thc hoc d khuyt), c quan lanh ao cao nht trn
danh nghia cua ang Cng san Vit Nam (Bao in t ang Cng san
nm 2014). Tuy vy, chi co chu tich Mt trn T quc (ng Nguyn
Thin Nhn) la nm trong danh sach uy vin B Chinh tri Ban Chp
hanh Trung ng ang Cng san Vit Nam, c quan trn thc t co
quyn hnh ln nht. Trong lich s 11 khoa ai hi ang, v tr trong B
Chnh tr ca Ch tch MTTQ khng phi l ng nhin, m ty thuc
vo thc t chnh tr ti thi im (gn y c ng Nguyn Thin
Nhn khoa XI, va ng Pham Th Duyt khoa VIII).
30

Do nm trong b my t chc nh nc, lnh o trong h thng
MTTQ v on th nm trong qu o lun chuyn cn b ca b my
hnh chnh. Nhiu cn b, cng chc tng lm vic trong h thng on
th sau nm cc chc v cao trong ng v chnh quyn, hoc ngc
li. Tiu biu c ng Nguyn B Thanh, c Trng ban Ni chnh Trung
ng ng, trc y tng l Ch nhim Hp tc x trc khi lm B
th Thnh y v Ch tch UBND Nng1. ng Nguyn B Cng,
hin l Ch tch Hi Nng dn Vit Nam, tng gi cc chc v quan
trng ti tnh Bc Giang. ng Nguyn Thin Nhn, Ch tch MTTQ
Vit Nam, tng gi chc Ph th tng Chnh ph.
Mc d trn trn danh ngha, MTTQ l mt siu t chc bao gm
nhng thnh vin quan trng nht trong h thng chnh tr Vit Nam; MTTQ
ch hp tc vi cc on th v thnh vin ca mnh theo quy ch phi hp.
MTTQ khng c quyn lc ch o thnh vin ca mnh, v trn thc t,
chu s ch o ca mt thnh vin (ng Cng sn Vit Nam).
Lnh o ca cc on th (tr Cng on) cng nm trong Hi
ng qun tr ca Ngn hng Chnh sch v X hi (VBSP), t chc c
nhim v phn b ngun ngn sch thc hin cc mc tiu x hi t
ch o ca Nh nc.
Do ph thuc v mt ti chnh t ngn sch, cng nh thiu c ch
hot ng, c s vnh nhau gia chc nng thc t v chc nng trn
danh ngha ca MTTQ v on th.
i vi cac hi c thu c nh nc h tr kinh phi
Cac t chc nay hu nh khng co quyn lc chinh tri thc t nao trong
h thng (ch mt vi lnh o cua cac hi c thu la uy vin Ban Chp
hanh Trung ng ang, nh Ch tch Hi nh bo). Cc t chc ny, d
mt s nh VUSTA v VUFO cng c xp vo nhm t chc chnh
tr-x hi, nhng li khng nhn c nhiu quyn li v kinh t v
chnh tr nh nhm nm t chc v MTTQ ni trn.
1
Vnexpress.net, B th Nguyn B Thanh ni c l lm c.
31
Nhim v chnh ca hi c th l thc hin chc nng gim st,

phn bin nhng cn yu, c bit l cp a phng1. L do l c ch
thc hin gim st, phn bin cn cha r rng, cc c quan thc hin
thiu chuyn mn, kinh ph, v thi gian. Mt s hi c th a phng
cho bit, cng vic quan trng nht ca h l t chc hi tho, o to,
hoc pht ng cc cuc thi lin quan n lnh vc ca mnh.
Ngoi ra, cac hi c thu con co chc nng lam t chc me
nhiu t chc xa hi dn s khac ng tn (Vasavakul, 2003). Vi du nh
Lin hip cac Hi Khoa hoc K thut Vit Nam (VUSTA) la t chc
ng ky cho khoang hn 600 t chc con (ibid.). Vi hoat ng nay,
trn thc t mt s hi c thu a tr thanh mang li lin kt cac t
chc dn s, vi cu truc ging m hinh nghip oan va kim soat long
v mt chinh tri (Wells-Dang, 2011).
5. C ch phn b tai chinh cho

cc t chc qun chng cng t ngn sach nh nc

i vi MTTQ v nm on th
MTTQ va on th c coi la thanh phn cu thanh cua h thng
chinh tri, c tinh vao nhom n vi s nghip cng lp2, do vy trn ly
thuyt, c Nh nc cung cp toan b ngn sach hoat ng3. Ngoai
ra, cac t chc nay c quyn gi lai mt phn phi, l phi theo ch
quy inh, va s dung cac khoan thu hp phap khac4. Nguyn tc phn
b ngn sach cho cac t chc nay la Nh nc cp chnh lch gia d
ton chi c duyt v cc ngun thu ca cc t chc nu trn theo ch
quy nh (on ph, cng on ph, hi ph; cc ngun thu khc theo
quy nh ca php lut)5.
Phng vn B6, KG7.

Theo Nghi inh s 41/2012/N-CP quy nh v v tr vic lm trong n v s nghip cng lp.
3
iu 10, Lut ngn sach nh nc nm 2002.
4
Thng t lin tch s 71/2014/TTLT-BTC-BNV quy nh ch t ch, t chu trch nhim v
s dng kinh ph qun l hnh chnh i vi c quan nh nc.
5
iu 16, Nghi inh s 60/2003/N-CP quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh Lut ngn
sch nh nc
1
2
32

Theo quy inh cua Nghi inh s 60/2003/N-CP, ngn sach Trung
ng am bao kinh phi hoat ng cho Trung ng hi cua cac t chc
chinh tri - xa hi, trong khi ngn sach ia phng am bao kinh phi
hoat ng cho c quan ia phng cua cac t chc nay. Nh vy, nu
xet theo c ch nay, ngun ngn sach phn b cho cac t chc chinh
tri - xa hi cac ia phng khac nhau thi se khac nhau, ty thuc vao
tinh hinh thc t.
Hnh 7: C ch phn b ngn sach hoat ng cho MTTQ
v on th
Ngn sach
nh nc
(TW va ia phng)
Cc t chc
chnh tr - x hi
(TW va ia phng)
Cn i
thu chi
Thm inh
Quc hi, hi ng
nhn dn cc cp
L ph,
ph thnh vin
Cc khon thu,
ti tr khc
Ngun: iu 21, 24 Nghi inh s 60/2003/N-CP.
33
i vi cac khoan kinh phi nh nc giao ma tit kim c, khng

s dung ht, thi MTTQ v on th c quyn gi lai chi tiu theo
quy inh hai nghi inh s 130/2005/N-CP va 117/2013/N-CP (sa
i mt s iu Nghi inh 130).

i vi cac hi c thu c Nh nc h tr kinh phi
Theo lut Ngn sach Nh nc 2002, kinh phi hoat ng cua cac
hi c thu (t chc chnh tr x hi - ngh nghip, t chc x hi, t
chc x hi - ngh nghip Trung ng va ia phng) khng nm
trong danh sach chi thng xuyn cua ngn sach, ma thay vao o, cac
t chc nay chi c nhn h tr theo quy inh cua phap lut (Khoan
i, iu 31, Lut ngn sach nh nc nm 2002). Theo quy inh t
Quyt inh s 71/Q-CP v bo m, h tr kinh ph t ngn sch nh
nc i vi cc hi c tnh cht c th, ngn sach nh nc am bao
cac hoat ng chi thng xuyn cua cac t chc nay cp Trung ng
va ia phng (gm chi lng v cc khon c tnh cht tin lng, chi
thc hin nhim v thng xuyn)1. Khoan nay c tinh vao ngun tai
tr trc tip t ngn sach.
Cac hi thanh vin cua hi c thu c h tr bng tai tr gian tip
thng qua vic hoan thanh cac nhim vu c nh nc giao.
Ngoai ngun ngn sach nh nc, cac hi c thu con co cac khoan
thu khac am bao ngun tai chinh hoat ng. Vi du nh Lin hip
Hi Khoa hoc - Ky thut Vit Nam (VUSTA) co thm cac ngun h tr
kinh phi t: ng gp ca cc hi thnh vin v cc t chc trc thuc,
ung h bng tin v hin vt ca cc c nhn, t chc trong v ngoi
nc, va cc ngun thu hp php khc2.
1
2
iu 2, Quyt inh S: 71/2011/Q-TTG.

iu 21, Chng V, iu l Lin hip Hi Khoa hc - K thut Vit Nam.
34

Hnh 8: Quy trinh thc hin h tr kinh phi t nh nc
cho cac hi c thu
Ngn sch nh nc
B KH-T, b TC
(nhim v do th
tng giao)
C quan ti chnh
(nhim v do UBND
cc cp giao)
B, c quan TW, c
quan a phng giao
nhim v
Nhim v nh nc giao
Ti tr trc tip
Hi c th
6. S ha chi ph kinh t ca
Chi ph kinh t c s dng trong bo co c hiu l ton b chi ph
c hi ca x hi trong vic s dng cc ngun lc cho h thng cc t
chc qun chng cng. Nh vy, chi ph kinh t cho cc t chc qun
chng cng bao gm: 1/Chi ph thc t ca x hi dnh cho cc t chc
ny t: ngn sch nh nc, hi ph, ph tn thc ca VBSP, t cc t
chc quc t, v ngun thu t cc n v kinh t trc thuc. 2/Chi ph
c hi v chi ph n t ti sn c nh v ngun nhn lc.
35

Hnh 9: S chi ph kinh t ca cc t chc qun chng cng
Chi ph kinh t
cho cc t chc
qun chng cng
Ngun t ngn
sch nh nc
Ngun thu
t hi ph
Ph tin thc
Ngn hng
Chnh sch
X hi (VBSP)
Thu t hp tc
vi cc t chc
quc t, vn
ng x hi
Chi ph khc
Chi ph c hi t ti
sn c nh
Chi ph n t
ngun nhn lc
Ngun thu t hot

ng kinh t ca cc
n v trc thuc
Ngun: Tc gi tng hp
S trn l c s cho nhng c lng v phn tch v tng

nhm chi ph kinh t khc nhau cho cc t chc qun chng cng cc
chng sau.
36
CHNG III
Ngun thu t ngn sch ca

Theo quy nh ca Lut ngn sch nh nc v cc vn bn hng
dn khc, ngn sch h tr cc t chc qun chng cng c ly t
hai Ngun: ngn sch Trung ng (dnh cho Trung ng hi ca cc
t chc ny) v ngn sch a phng (dnh cho c quan a phng).
Ngun ngn sch ny gm: chi hot ng (chi thng xuyn v chi u
t pht trin) v chi tin lng, ph cp cho cn b, cng chc lm vic
trong h thng cc t chc qun chng cng c nh nc h tr.
I. NGN SCH TRUNG NG
1. i vi MTTQ v on th
Ngn sch Trung ng d ton dnh cho Trung ng hi ca Mt trn
T quc Vit Nam v nm t chc chnh tr - x hi trong nm 2014 l
1.261 t ng. So vi thi im nm 2006, khon ngn sch ny tng
hn gp i (t 532,5 t ng).
Trong , bn t chc chnh tr - x hi nhn c phn b ngn
sch (d ton) nhiu nht trong nm 2014 l Hi Nng dn Vit Nam
(401,45 t ng), on Thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh (359,96
t ng), Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam (270,32 t ng), v
Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam (154,88 t ng).
37
Xt theo s ngn sch quyt ton, Trung ng Hi Nng dn Vit

Nam l t chc c mc tng ngn sch nhanh nht, gp 4,5 ln trong
vng 6 nm (2006 - 2012), t 75,6 t ng (2006) n 343,8 t ng
(2012) (GDP ca Vit Nam trong giai on ny tng gp 2,3 ln). Trong
khi , y ban Trung ng MTTQ Vit Nam v Hi Cu chin binh l
hai t chc c phn b t ngn sch nht, cha tng vt mc 100
t ng. D c coi l t chc lnh o khu vc x hi dn s v trn
danh ngha c nhiu chc nng, nhim v, MTTQ Vit Nam c phn
b 74,6 t ng trong nm 2014, thp nht trong nhm su t chc
chnh tr - x hi.
Hnh 10: Ngn sch Trung ng cho Trung ng hi
cc t chc chnh tr - x hi (2006 -2014)
2500000
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
2006
2007
2008
MTTQ v on th
2009
2010
2011
Cc hi c th
2012
2013
2014
Tng chi
Ngun: Tc gi tng hp t B Ti chnh (n v: triu ng)
2. i vi cc hi c th c nh nc h tr kinh ph
Chi ph ca ngn sch nh nc h tr cc t chc chnh tr x
hi - ngh nghip, t chc x hi, t chc x hi - ngh nghip cp
Trung ng tng mnh trong giai on 2006 - 2014. C th, nu khon
38
Ngun thu t ngn sch ca cc t chc qun chng cng

ngn sch dnh cho nhm ny nm 2004 l 248,88 t ng, th n
tng gn gp bn ln v t nh vo nm 2010 vi 936,59 t ng; d
ton t 638,6 t ng vo nm 2014.
Hnh 11: H tr ngn sch cho cc t chc CT-XH-NN,
t chc XH, t chc XH-NN trong nm 2009
Ngun: B Ti chnh (2014) (n v: triu ng)
Trong giai on 2006 - 2010, cc hi c th nhn c nhiu h

tr t ngn sch nh nc l Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit
Nam (80,7 t ng trong nm 2009), Hi Ch thp (51,6 t ng
trong nm 2009), VUSTA (46,7 t ng trong nm 2009), VULA (32,1
t ng trong nm 2009), Hi Nh vn Vit Nam (24,3 t ng trong
nm 2009), Lin on Bng Vit Nam (20,1 t ng trong nm
2009). T nm 2010 tr i, quyt ton v d ton ngn sch nh nc
khng ghi c th tn tng hi, t chc c th c nh nc h tr
kinh ph.
39

Hnh 12: Tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng
t ngn sch Trung ng, 2006 - 2014.
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Chi tiu cho cc t chc qun chng cng
2011
Vn phng CP
2012
2013
B KH-T
2014
B GD-T
Ngun: B Ti chnh (2014) (n v: triu ng). S liu 2013 v 2014 l d ton
Hnh 13: Chi ngn sch Trung ng cho cc t chc qun chng cng
v mt s c quan khc (2006 - 2014)
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2006
2007
Tng chi
2008
MTTQ
2009
on TN
2010
Hi Ph n
2011
Hi Nng dn
2012
Hi CCB
Ngun: B Ti chnh. S liu 2013 v 2014 l d ton
40
2013
2014
TL Lao ng

Tng s tin ngn sch h tr cho Trung ng Hi ca cc t chc
qun chng cng trong giai on 2006 - 2014 tng t 781,3 t ng
(2006) ln 1.899,7 t ng (d ton 2014 - ), chim khong 1,1% d
ton tng chi ngn sch Trung ng cho cc b, c quan Trung ng
trong nm 2014. y l khon tin tng ng vi mc d ton chi
cho b K hoch - u t (1.873 t ng), b Khoa hc - Cng ngh
(1.768 t ng), v B Cng thng (1.916 t ng). Trong nm quyt
ton 2012, tng s tin ny l 2.196 t ng.
II. NGN SCH A PHNG
Theo quy nh t Lut ngn sch nh nc, cc cp a phng c

trch nhim h tr kinh ph hot ng cho cc c quan a phng ca
MTTQ v on th, cng nh h tr kinh ph cho cc hi c th hot
ng ti a phng . Phn kinh ph ny khng thuc khon ngn
sch h tr cho c quan Trung ng ca cc t chc trn, v dao ng
ty thuc vo iu kin ti chnh cng nh quyt nh phn b ca
tng cp a phng. Theo cc quy nh v t ch ti chnh cp c s
(hng dn trong Ngh nh s 130/2005/N-CP v Ngh nh s
43/2006/N-CP), vic chi ngn sch cho cc t chc chnh tr - x hi
v cc hi c th a phng c phn thm ba cp nh sau:
Cp tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng
Cp huyn, th x
Cp x, phng, th trn.
Trong phn tnh ton ngn sch a phng, do c th ca phng
php cng b, phn chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng c gp li
thnh mt nhm. Cn lu l s liu ny khng bao gm khon chi
ngn sch cho Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam, d theo lut nh,
t chc ny vn c nhn khon chi h tr t ngn sch cho mt s
hot ng nht nh.
41
1. Chi ngn sch cho on th, hi c th cp tnh

d so snh cc khon chi dnh cho cc t chc qun chng cng
tng khu vc khc nhau, nghin cu s s dng phng php phn loi
nhm a phng ca B Ti chnh. Theo , ngn sch a phng cho
cc t chc trn l tng hp t by nhm a phng sau: min ni pha
Bc (15 tnh), ng bng sng Hng (10 tnh), Bc Trung b v duyn
hi min Trung (14 tnh), Ty Nguyn (5 tnh), ng Nam b (5 tnh),
v ng bng sng Cu Long (13 tnh). Nhm cui cng l hai thnh
ph Trung ng loi c bit (H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh).
S liu vng s c tnh nh sau:
Xi= xa*n
Trong
Xi l tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc dn s nh nc ca vng
nghin cu.
xa l s chi ngn sch cho cc t chc dn s nh nc trung bnh
ca cc mu c la chn. Con s ny ph thuc vo s lng tnh ca
tng khu vc. C th: min ni pha Bc (3), ng bng sng Hng (4),
Bc Trung b v duyn hi min Trung (3), ng Nam b (2), v ng
bng sng Cu Long (3).
n l s lng tnh ca vng nghin cu.
Tng ngn sch cp tnh dnh cho cc t chc nhn s nh nc s
bng tng ngn sch ca cc vng cng li.
X = Xi
mt s khu vc/thi gian khi s liu khng c cng b hoc
cng b cha y , nhm nghin cu s dng cc phng php c
lng khc nhau bng cc thut ton Excel. Cc trng hp c th s
c ghi ch trong tng mc phn tch.
42

H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh
Hnh 14: Chi ph cho cc t chc qun chng cng t ngn sch
a phng ca H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh, 2006 - 2014
Ngun: Quyt ton v d ton ngn sch a phng cc nm (n v: triu ng1)
Tnh bnh qun, nhm hai thnh ph Trung ng loi c bit ny

c lng chi ngn sch dnh cho cc t chc qun chng cng ln nht.
Trong vng su nm (2006 - 2012), ngn sch nh nc quyt ton cho
khon ny tng 182%, t 124 t ng ln n 335,2 t ng.
H Ni, t chc nhn c nhiu tin t ngn sch nht l
Thnh on H Ni, chim 67% tng chi thng xuyn v 87% tng chi
ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng trong nm 2006. Trong nm
quyt ton ngn sch gn nht (2012), con s ny ln lt l 28% v 53%.
S liu ngn sch h tr cho Cng on, Lin minh Hp tc x
(t nm 2010), v cc hi c th khng c cng b trong quyt ton
ngn sch H Ni.
S liu H Ni (2007) v Tp. H Ch Minh (2009) l s liu c on dng thut ton

Geomean.
1
43
TP. H Ch Minh, ngoi tr nm 2006, chi ngn sch cho

Thnh on Thnh ph cng l nhiu nht, chim 52% tng chi trong d
ton ngn sch nm 2007. Trong nm quyt ton gn nht (2012), chi cho
Thnh on chim 40% tng chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng.

Min ni pha bc
Hnh 15: Chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng
cc tnh min ni pha Bc, 2006 - 2014
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2006
2007
Lo Cai
2008
2009
Lng Sn
2010
2011
Lai Chu
2012
2013
2014
Tng (c vng)
Ngun: Ngn sch a phng cc nm (n v: triu ng1)
Mc d c coi l khu vc ngho v kh khn nht (Nhn dn,

2014), tnh bnh qun chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng vng
min ni pha bc l thp nht trong c nc. Trong nm s liu u
tin (2006), bnh qun chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng
vng ny l 5,71 t ng, thp hn 11 ln so vi hai thnh ph c
bit (62 t ng), v hai ln so vi khu vc Ty Nguyn. Trong nm
quyt ton gn nht (2012), vng ny ch xp cao hn khu vc ng
1
S liu ca tnh Lo Cai nm 2009 l c tnh da trn thut ton Geomean.
44

bng sng Cu Long (21,5 t so vi 19,9 t ng). Tuy nhin, y cng
l khu vc c mc tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc MTTQ, on th,
v hi c th nhanh nht, gn gp bn ln trong vng su nm (t 85,7
t ng nm 2006 ln 323 t ng nm 2012).
Xt v mt phn b ngun chi ngn sch, cc t chc qun chng
cng khu vc ny c phn b tng i ng u, trong chnh
lch gia chi ngn sch ca nm t chc chnh tr - x hi v MTTQ
hu nh l khng ng k (nh khu vc H Ni, TP. H Ch Minh).
Chi cho tnh on khu vc ny gi mc 21% vo nm 2006 v 2012
trong tng chi dnh cho cc t chc qun chng cng c Nh nc
h tr.

ng bng sng Hng
cc tnh ng bng sng Hng
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2006
2007
2008
Tng (ton vng)
2009
Bc Ninh
2010
2011
Hi Phng
2012
2013
Thi Bnh
2014
Ninh Bnh
Ngun: Ngn sch a phng (n v: triu ng1)
Hi Phng (2006, 2007, 2008): S liu cha bao gm chi cho MTTQ.
Thi Bnh (2006, 2007): S liu cha gm chi cho Hi Cu chin binh.
S liu nm 2008 ca Hi Phng, Ninh Bnh, Thi Bnh l d ton.
S liu nm 2009 Hi Phng, Thi Bnh l d ton, khng c Hi Nng dn.
45
y l khu vc c mc chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng

cng t mc trung bnh so vi cc vng khc trn c nc. C th nm
quyt ton 2006, chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng trung
bnh khu vc t 13,1 t ng, v trong nm quyt ton gn nht (2012)
l 31,7 t ng.
Tuy vy, so snh vi cc vng khc, mc chi cho cc t chc qun
chng cng ca ng bng sng Hng c dao ng tng gim kh ln
qua cc nm.
Xt v mt phn b ngun chi ngn sch, ng bng sng Hng c
xu hng phn b tng t c nc v khu vc th c bit, vi ngun
chi nhiu nht c dnh cho Thnh on/Tnh on. Chi ngn sch
bnh qun cho Tnh on/Thnh on ca khu vc ny chim 60,1%
tng chi vo nm quyt sch 2006, v chim 31% trong nm quyt ton
gn nht (2012). Trong khu vc ny, Hi Phng l a phng phn b
ngn sch nhiu nht cho on th, hi c th, t 42,9 t ng trong
nm 2012. Tnh c mc tng ngn sch cho on th, hi c th mnh
nht trong thi k tnh ton l Thi Bnh, t 3,2 t ng trong nm 2006
ln n 31,6 t ng trong nm 2012 (gp 9,9 ln). Nguyn nhn chnh
l tnh b sung thm ngn sch cho hi c th (12,3 t ng), ng thi
tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc chnh tr - x hi (Tnh on tng
gp 7 ln, MTTQ tng gp 2,7 ln, Hi Nng dn v Hi Ph n tng
gn gp 3 ln).

Bc Trung b v duyn hi min Trung
Bc Trung b v duyn hi min Trung l khu vc c khon chi
ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng ln nht trong hu ht cc
nm tnh ton, trong c nm quyt ton gn nht (2012) vi 386,1 t
ng. Tuy nhin, iu ny c phn xut pht t thc t y l khu vc
c s tnh nhiu th hai c nc (14 tnh, ch ng sau cc tnh min ni
pha bc (15)). Tnh bnh qun, s chi ngn sch trung bnh cho mt tnh
ca khu vc ny dnh cho on th, hi c th ri vo khong 27,6 t
ng trong nm quyt ton gn nht (2012).
46

cc tnh Bc Trung b v duyn hi min Trung, 2006 - 2014
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2006
2007
Ngh An
2008
2009
Nng
2010
2011
2012
Bnh Thun
2013
2014
Tng (ton vng)
Ngun: Ngn sch a phng cc nm1
Trong khu vc ny, tnh c s chi ngn sch dnh cho cc t chc
qun chng cng nhiu nht l Ngh An (39 t ng trong nm 2012)
v Nng (29,4 t ng trong nm 2012).
Tnh on vn l n v nhn c t l phn b ngn sch ln nht
trong cc t chc qun chng cng khu vc ny, chim 30% trong
nm 2006 v 25% trong nm 2012.

ng Nam b
Cng vi khu vc min ni pha bc, y l khu vc c mc chi
bnh qun cho cc t chc qun chng cng kh thp, mc 10,8 t
ng/nm u k tnh ton (2006) v tng ln mc 26 t ng/nm
nm quyt ton gn nht (2012). Tng t xu hng phn b chi tiu
cc khu vc khc, chi tiu cho tnh on chim ngun phn b ngn
sch ln nht, 45% trong nm 2006 v 36% trong nm 2012 tng chi
tiu cho cc t chc qun chng cng khu vc ny.
S liu 2008 ca Ngh An l d ton.
47
cc tnh ng Nam b, 2006 - 2014
160,000
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
B Ra - Vng Tu
2010
2011
Ty Ninh
2012
2013
2014
Ton vng

ng bng sng Cu Long
ng bng sng Cu Long cng l khu vc c mc chi ngn sch
cho cc t chc qun chng cng mc thp (trung bnh t 9,6 t
ng vo u k tnh ton v 19,9 t ng vo nm quyt ton gn nht
(2012), thp nht trong 7 khu vc tnh ton).
Mc phn b ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng ng
bng sng Cu Long kh ng u, vi t l cho tnh on ch chim
22% tng chi trong nm 2006 v 27% trong nm 2012, mc thp nht
trong tt c cc vng trn c nc.
S liu 2011 ca tnh Ty Ninh l d ton.
48

cc tnh ng bng sng Cu Long, 2006 - 2014
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
2006
2007
2008
An Giang
2009
2010
C Mau
2011
2012
2013
Cn Th
2014
C vng

Chi ngn sch cp tnh tnh trn ton quc dnh cho cc t chc
qun chng cng
c lng tng chi ngn sch a phng (cp tnh) cho cc t
chc chnh tr - x hi v hi c th trn c nc vo nm quyt ton
gn nht (2012) l 4.069 t ng. y l con s tng gn gp ba ln so
vi nm 2006 (1.478 t ng), gn nhnh hn mc tng GDP (2.3 ln).
Tuy vy, do s liu ny cha bao gm chi ph h tr ngn sch cho cng
on ca cc a phng, d theo Lut ngn sch nh nc, hot ng
ca cng on a phng c ngn sch nh nc bo m. Ly t
l chi ngn sch Cng on Trung ng/tng chi cho cc t chc qun
chng cng (2012) = 13%. Ta c c lng tng chi ngn sch a
phng cho ton b cc t chc qun chng cng l 4069 x1,13 = 4.598
(nghn t ng) trong nm 2012.
S liu quyt ton 2011 v d ton 2013 ca tnh An Giang l c lng dng thut ton
Geomean.
1
49
Nhn vo cc biu , c th thy xu hng chi tiu cho cc t chc

qun chng cng tng mnh trong thi k tnh ton.
cp tnh, tng t xu hng phn b ngn sch cp Trung ng,
chi tiu cho on Thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh chim t trng
ln nht trong nhm cc t chc qun chng cng. Trong , chi u t
pht trin ca tnh on/thnh on lun nhiu vt tri so vi cc t
chc khc. V d nh tnh Ty Ninh trong nm 2006, chi u t pht
trin cho Tnh on l 2,3 t ng, gn gp i con s chi u t pht
trin ca t chc gn nht (Hi Cu chin binh) l 1,4 t ng.
Tnh, thnh ph c quy m kinh t cng ln th chi cho cc t chc
qun chng cng cng nhiu. iu ny c th xut pht t thc t rng
khon chi ny ph thuc vo mc thu v/hoc phn b ngn sch t
Trung ng ca a phng . Quan st cho thy H Ni v TP. H
Ch Minh l vng c s lng chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng ln
nht. cc vng khc, tnh, thnh c iu kin kinh t cao hn cng c
lng phn b ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng ln hn cc
tnh khc, thnh ph (Hi Phng ng bng sng Hng, Lo Cai
min ni pha Bc, Nng Bc trung b v Duyn hi min Trung).
Cc tnh c mc chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng
cng nhiu th khon chi cho tnh on/thnh on so vi cc t chc
chnh tr - x hi khc li cng ln. cc vng c ngn sch cho cc
t chc qun chng cng hn ch hn, v d nh min ni pha bc v
ng bng sng Cu Long, ngn sch phn b cho cc nhm t chc
chnh tr - x hi kh ng u.
Dng phng php tnh bnh qun theo trng s, c t l chi cho
cc t chc qun chng cng cp a phng c khong 0,24% tng
chi ngn sch a phng.
50
2. Chi ngn sch cp huyn cho cc t chc qun chng cng

Theo nguyn tc phn cp qun l ngn sch, cp huyn trn c nc
c trch nhim chi cho hot ng ca MTTQ, on th v h tr cho
hi c th cp huyn (iu 33, Lut ngn sch nh nc nm 2002).
Do vic quyt nh phn b chi tiu ph thuc vo thu nhp ca tng
a phng, mc chi dnh cho cc t chc qun chng cng khng
ging nhau.

Phn vng chi ngn sch cc t chc qun chng cng cp huyn
c lng mc chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng
nh nc theo cp huyn, bn nhm mu s c la chn da trn
tiu ch phn loi vng xc nh mc lng ti thiu theo Ngh nh
103/2014 ca Chnh ph (xem ph lc 2). Nm quyt ton 2012 c
la chn l nm phn tch.
Theo s liu thng k ca Tng cc Thng k, tnh n ngy
31/12/2012, c nc c 708 n v hnh chnh cp huyn, c phn
theo nhng vng nh sau:
Vng I: Gm 71 n v hnh chnh (24 n v hnh chnh ca
H Ni, 23 n v hnh chnh ca TP. H Ch Minh, 11 ca Hi Phng,
5 ca ng Nai, 7 ca Bnh Dng v thnh ph Vng Tu).
Vng II: 79 n v hnh chnh.
Vng III: 171 n v hnh chnh.
Vng IV: 387 n v hnh chnh.
Tnh s lng mu
Vng I: 7 n v.
Vng II: 7 n v.
Vng III: 15 n v.
Vng IV: 34 n v.
51

Chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng ca mu la
chn (xem thm ph lc)
- Chi ngn sch cc t chc qun chng cng cho cc n v
c tnh ton s c quy v gi tr hin ti nm 2012.
Xi=S*R*1/(1+r)
Xi l chi on th cp huyn cho tng n v hnh chnh.
S l tng chi cho hnh chnh, ng, on th ca tng n v
hnh chnh.
R l t l chi ngn sch cho on th trn tng chi ngn sch
hnh chnh cp tnh trong nm tnh ton. Trong mt s trng
hp khi ngn sch chi cho hi, on th c ghi chnh xc
trong chi ngn sch ca cc a phng, th S=R=1.
r l tc tng trng chi ngn sch hnh chnh, nm 2012 l
nm gc.
- S chi ngn sch cc t chc qun chng cng ca tng vng s
c tnh bng cng thc:
Xi= xa*n
Trong :
Xi l tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng ca
vng nghin cu.
xa l s chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng trung
bnh ca cc mu c la chn theo vng.
n l s lng tnh ca vng nghin cu.
Tnh ton chi tit xem thm phn ph lc.
Kt qu
Ta c kt qu tng chi ngn sch cp huyn phn theo tng vng
nh sau:
52

Vng I: 399 t ng.
Vng II: 201,336 t ng.
Vng III: 658,834 t ng.
Vng IV: 1.692,789 t ng.
Nh vy tng chi ngn sch cp huyn cho cc t chc qun
chng cng bng tng chi tng vng cng li v c tnh bng 2.952
t ng. Cng thm phn chi ph ngn sch dnh cho cng on, ta c
tng chi ph dnh cho cc t chc qun chng cng ca tng vng l:
2952 x 1,13 = 3.336 nghn t ng. Quy v thi gi nm 2014, ta c
tng chi cp huyn cho cc t chc qun chng cng l 3.701,6 t ng.
3. Chi ngn sch cp c s (x, phng, th trn, thn)

cho cc t chc qun chng cng
Theo Tng cc Thng k, tnh n ngy 31/12/2012, c nc c 1.545
phng, 615 th trn, v 9.001 x. Tng s cc n v hnh chnh cp
x nh vy l 11.161 n v. Theo thng k ca V Chnh quyn a
phng, B Ni v, nm 2012 c nc c khong 130.000 thn1. Theo
Ngh nh s 92/2009/N-CP, n v hnh chnh cp x c t nht 5 cn
b l ngi ng u ca cc t chc chnh tr - x hi (ch tch UB
MTTQ, ch tch Hi Nng dn, Hi LHPN, B th on TNCS, v ch
tch Hi Cu chin binh).

Khu vc H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh
H Ni thc hin chnh sch khon hot ng vi cc t chc chnh
tr - x hi cp x, phng, th trn vi mc h tr trung bnh 44 triu/
n v/nm2, v 15 triu ng/n v/nm vi Hi Ngi cao tui v
Ch thp 3. Vi s n v hnh chnh cp c s l 5784, tng chi ngn
Vnexpress.net, Bo co Th tng v mt x c 500 cn b.
Quyt nh s 30/2013/Q-UBND ca UBND TP. H Ni.
3
Thanhnien.com.vn, H Ni khon kinh ph hot ng cho t chc cp phng, x.
4
Danh mc cc n v hnh chnh Vit Nam 2006 - Nh xut bn Thng k.
1
2
53
sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng l 578 x (5 x 44) + 578 x 30 =

144.500 triu ng (144,5 t ng). Gi nh mc h tr cho cc t chc
qun chng cng TP. H Ch Minh cng tng ng H Ni, vi 322
n v hnh chnh cp x1 tng chi cho nhm ny TP. H Ch Minh l
322 x (5 x 44) + 322 x 30 = 80.500 triu ng (80,5 t ng). Nh vy,
c tnh tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng cp x
hai thnh ph ny l 225 t ng.

Cc khu vc khc
Vi cc n v hnh chnh cp x cc a phng khc, do khng
c s liu chi tit v chi ngn sch cho cp x, ngn sch cp cho cc
t chc qun chng cng c tnh da trn s liu tng hp ngn sch
cp huyn ca tng a phng.
Tng s mu c tnh c l 596 x thu thp t cc tnh Khnh
Ha, Hi Dng, Vnh Long, Lng Sn, Bc Giang, Bn Tre, Bnh
Phc v Sn La. Trong , s liu ca tnh Hi Dng thu thp c
t vn bn chnh thc ca tnh2, s liu ca tnh Khnh Ha c c
tnh da trn cc vn bn quy phm php lut ca tnh (xem ph lc),
s liu t cc n v hnh chnh ca cc a phng khc c ly t
quyt ton ngn sch nm 2012 ca cc a phng (xem ph lc).
S mu ny m bo tin cy thng k 95%.
Theo tnh ton, ta c mc chi trung bnh cp x dnh cho cc t
chc qun chng cng hng nm l 222,5 triu ng. Vy c tnh tng
mc chi ngn sch cp x cho cc t chc qun chng cng (tr khu
vc H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh) l 222,5 x (11161 - 900) = 2.282,677
triu ng (2.283 t ng).
c tnh tng chi ngn sch cp x trong nm 2012 cho cc t chc
qun chng cng t 2.508 t ng.
n v hnh chnh, t ai v kh hu - Nin gim thng k 2011, Tng Cc Thng k
Vit Nam.
2
Theo t trnh s 52/TTr-UBND ca UBND tnh Hi Dng.
1
54

Tng ngn sch a phng cho cc t cc t chc qun chng cng
= chi ngn sch cp tnh + chi ngn sch cp huyn + chi ngn sch cp
x, phng, th trn v thp hn.
Theo , c tnh tng chi ngn sch a phng cho cc t chc
qun chng cng l 9.529 t ng (c tnh trong nm 2012).
Cng vi d ton chi ngn sch Trung ng cho Trung ng hi
ca cc t chc ny vo nm 2012, c on chi ngn sch cho cc t
chc qun chng cng trong nm 2012 (2.196 t ng) t 12.638
t ng.
Quy i gi tr ca con s trn v thi gi nm 2014, c gi tr chi
ngn sch nh nc cho cc t chc qun chng cng l: 14.023 nghn
t ng.
y l s liu cng, tc nhng khon thc chi cho cc t chc ny
c ghi trong quyt ton ngn sch. Con s ny cha tnh n cc
khon chi nhm thc hin nhim v nh nc giao, mt phn bo
him x hi v bo him y t, chi tr lng hu cho cn b, cng chc
lm vic cho cc t chc qun chng cng.
55
CHNG IV
Cc chi ph kinh t khc ca x hi

cho cc t chc qun chng cng
I. HI PH THNH VIN
Cc t chc on th u c quy nh thnh vin phi ng hi ph. T

s liu thnh vin ca cc t chc ny, chng ta c th c lng c
khon thu m cc t chc qun chng cng c c t khon trn, vi
gi nh cc thnh vin ng ph y theo quy nh ca t chc.
1. Hi ph ca cc t chc on th

Kinh ph, ph thnh vin cng on
Theo Lut cng on 2012 v Ngh nh s 191/2013/N-CP, mc thu
ph cng on cc t chc kinh t, hnh chnh l 2% qu lng quy
nh ng bo him x hi.
Qu bo him x hi vo quyt ton nm 2012 thu c 89,6 nghn
t ng1. Tng ngun thu ny bao gm: ngi s dng lao ng, ngi
lao ng, tin sinh li ca hot ng u t t qu, h tr ca nh nc,
cc ngun thu hp php khc2. Chi ph h tr ca nh nc cho qu Bo
him x hi nm theo quyt ton ngn sch 2012 l 38 nghn t ng,
1
2
ilo.org, Bo co khuyn co kh nng chi tr bo him x hi mc ng quan ngi.

iu 82, chng V, Lut bo him x hi (sa i) nm 2014.
57
li nhun d tnh l 10% ca 218,7 nghn t ng1 l 21,9 nghn t

ng. Nh vy, c tnh phn ng gp t qu tin lng ca ngi lao
ng (bao gm t ngi s dng lao ng v ngi lao ng) l bng
86,9 - (21,9 + 38) = 27 nghn t ng.
Vi quy nh mc np qu bng 24% qu tin lng2, ta c th
c tnh qu tin lng ng bo him x hi ri vo khong 27:0,24
= 112,5 nghn t ng.
Vy kinh ph cng on 2%, ng gp bi bn s dng lao ng,
c tnh t: 2,25 nghn t ng.
Theo Hng dn s 258/HD-TL ca Tng Lin on Lao ng
Vit Nam, ngi lao ng phi trch 1% qu lng ng bo him x
hi. Vi s on vin cng on l 7,1 triu ngi cho n nm 20123,
ta c t l on vin trong s ngi tham gia bo him x hi l 71%
(tng s ngi tham gia bo him x hi nm 2012 l 9,99 triu ngi4).
Vy c th c tnh tng s lng ng bo him x hi ca ngi
lao ng l on vin cng on l 71% x 112,5 = 79,88 nghn t ng.
Vy mc ph ng cng on ca on vin ri vo khong
79,89 x 1% = 798,75 t ng.
Nh vy tng kinh ph, ph cho hot ng Cng on c tnh vo
khong 3.048,75 t ng. Quy v thi gi nm 2014, c tnh kinh ph
cng on l 3.382,89 t ng.
Ph thnh vin Hi Nng dn
Theo Quy nh s 1181-Q/HNDTW ca Trung ng hi Nng
dn Vit Nam v vic thu, np, qun l, s dng hi ph v xy dng,
qun l, s dng qu hi; mi hi vin phi ng ph 1.000 ng/thng.
1
Quyt nh 1111/Q-BHXH ngy 25/10/2011 ca BHXH Vit Nam. T ngy 1/1/2014, mc

ph ng bo him x hi tng ln 26%, tuy vy, thng nht vi nm tnh ton (2012),
con s 24% c s dng.
3
Bo co tnh hnh thc hin chng trnh pht trin on vin nm 2012, 51/BC-TL.
4
bhxhcaobang.gov.vn, Nm 2012: BHXH Vit Nam hon thnh thng li cc ch tiu, nhim v
c giao.
2
58
Cc chi ph kinh t khc ca x hi cho cc t chc qun chng cng

Ch c thnh vin c hon cnh c bit kh khn mi c min gim,
v vi thi hn khng vt qu 1 nm.
Theo Bo co Ban Chp hnh Trung ng Hi Nng dn Vit Nam
kha V (2013), s hi vin Hi Nng dn cho n ht nm 2012 l
10.442.278 ngi. Theo , c lng s thu ca Hi Nng dn cc cp
l khong 125,307 t ng. Quy v thi gi nm 2014, c tnh lng
thu hi ph ca Hi Nng dn l 139,04 t ng.

Ph thnh vin on Thanh nin
Theo quy nh t Ngh quyt s 07-NQ-TWTN nm 2011, on
vin thanh nin phi ng on ph vi mc ph 2.000 ng/ngi/
thng vi hc sinh, sinh vin, v 5.000 ng/ngi/thng vi nhng
on vin i lm hoc hc tp, lm vic nc ngoi.
Theo bo co s 374 BC/TWTN nm 2012 ca Trung ng on
TNCS, tnh n nm 2012 c nc c 7,03 triu on vin.
Theo vn bn bo co i hi Hi Sinh vin nm 2013, c nc
hin c 2,204 triu sinh vin, 734.000hc sinh trung cp chuyn nghip
v khong 90.000 lu hc sinh. Vi gi nh, da trn kinh nghim thc
t v tham kho mt s cc trng i hc khu vc H Ni v TP. H
Ch Minh, tt c sinh vin v lu hc sinh u l on vin on Thanh
nin Cng sn H Ch Minh.
Trong nm hc 2011 -2 012, c nc c 2,755 triu hc sinh trung
hc ph thng (cp 3)1. Theo quy nh t iu l on Thanh nin Cng
sn H Ch Minh kha X, ch c thanh nin t 16 n 30 tui mi c
xem xt kt np on, tc l hc sinh lp 11 v lp 12. Nu gi nh
s hc sinh ca tng khi lp trong nhm trung hc ph thng l ngang
nhau, ta c s hc sinh c th l on vin l khong 1,822 triu hc
sinh. Theo thng k ca B Gio dc v o to (2012), t l hc sinh
ln lp ca nm hc gn nht c s liu tnh ton (2005) l 90,31%.
1
Tng Cc Thng k (2012).
59
Vi iu l on kha X yu cu on vin phi l ngi gng mu

trong hc tp, lao ng1, ta c th gi nh rng nhng hc sinh b hc
hoc khng c ln lp s khng c kt np on. Vy s hc sinh
c th l on vin l 1,822 x 90,31% = 1,696 triu ngi.
Nh vy, c lng s hc sinh, sinh vin c th l on vin l
4,634 triu ngi. Vy s on vin l nhng ngi i lm v i hc
nc ngoi l 2,396 triu ngi.
Gi nh cc on vin u ng ph y , s thu ngn sch ca
on cc cp trong mt nm l: 12 x (4,634 x 2.000 + 2,396 x 5.000)
= 254,976 t ng. Quy v thi gi nm 2014, c tnh mc on ph
l 282,92 t ng.

Hi ph Hi Cu chin binh
Theo quy nh s 310/Q-CCB ban hnh nm 2010 ca Hi Cu
chin binh, s hi ph phi np hng thng ca cc hi vin l 2.000
ng. Vi s lng hi vin l 2,7 triu ngi2 trong nm 2014, gi nh
cc hi vin u ng hi ph y , c lng ngun thu t hi ph l
khong 64,8 t ng/nm.

Hi ph Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam
Vi s lng hi vin l 15,3 triu ngi, hi ph l 1.000 ng3
v t l ng hi ph l 89%4, ta c c lng mc thu ca hi ph n
cc cp l 163,404 t ng/nm. Quy v thi gi nm 2014, con s
l 181,31 t ng/nm.
Nh vy, c tnh ngun thu t hi ph do ng gp ca cc
thnh vin ca cc t chc on th l khong 4050,96 t ng.
iu 1, iu l on kha X.
Bo co ca y ban Trung ng MTTQ Vit Nam kha VII ti i hi i biu ton quc
MTTQ Vit Nam ln th VIII, nhim k 2014 - 2019.
3
Hng dn s 13/HD-BCH.
4
Bo co nh gi phong tro ph n v kt qu hot ng ca Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit
Nam nhim k 2007 - 2012, phng hng, nhim v nhim k 2012 - 2017.
1
2
60
2. Hi ph ca cc hi c th
Ngoi cc nhm t chc on th, cc hi c th cng c quy nh
v vic ng hi ph. Mc thu ph ca cc hi ny ty thuc vo quy
nh ca tng hi, v thng dao ng t 1.000 ng n 15.000 ng/
thng. Cc hip hi thng mi, c thnh vin l cc cng ty, t chc,
c mc ph thnh vin tng i ln. V d nh Phng Thng mi
v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI) c mc ph thnh vin t 1-10 triu
ng/nm. Vi con s hn 10.000 hi vin tham gia1, c th thy khon
khu t ph thnh vin ca VCCI l kh ln. Tm c tnh mt na hi
vin phi ng ph v mc ph bnh qun l 5 triu ng, s c tnh
mc thu t hi ph ca VCCI l 25 t ng.
Vi cc t chc hi c th c thu ph khc (18 t chc, bao gm
nhng t chc nh Hi Ngi cao tui, Hi Cu thanh nin xung phong,
Hi Nh bo,), mc hi ph thng dao ng t 1230.000 - 120.000
ng/nm. Tng hp hi ph ca cc t chc trn, con s c lng ca
cc t chc hi c th c thu ph (tr Hi Ch thp tnh di y)
l 326.880.640.000 (327 t) ng (xem ph lc 5).
Vi Hi Ch thp , kho st cho thy gi tr cc ngun hot ng
ca hi cp tnh thng ri vo khong 100 t ng/nm (tnh Lm
ng: 100 t ng, tnh ng Thp: 110 t ng, H Ni: 143 t ng,
Bnh nh: 51 t ng), ta c con s trung bnh gi tr cc ngun hot
ng ca hi ch thp cc tnh trn l khong 101 t ng/nm. T
, c lng tng gi tr hot ng ca Hi Ch thp c nc l
101 x 63 = 6.363 t ng (trong nm 2014).
Vy con s c tnh mc ph v hot ng ca 28 hi c th l
khong 6.715 t ng.
Cng vi mc ph ca cc t chc on th, c th tm c lng
mc hi ph nm 2014 (bao gm hot ng ca Hi Ch thp ) l
10.704,1 t ng.
1
VCCI (2012), Tm hiu 50 nm Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam (VCCI).
61

Bng 3: Ngun thu t hi ph ca cc t chc qun chng cng
(gm qu hot ng ca Hi Ch thp (2014)
on th, hi
Hi ph (t VND)
Hi Nng dn
139,04
on Thanh nin
282,92
Hi Ph n
181,31
Hi Cu chin binh
64,8
Cng on
3382,89
Hi c th
6715
Tng mc hi ph
10.765,96
II. THU NHP T PH Y THC T NGN HNG

CHNH SCH X HI (VBSP)
Mt trong nhng nhim v quan trng ca cc t chc chnh tr - x

hi l thc hin cc mc tiu quc gia ca nh nc, trong c xa
i gim ngho. Trong lnh vc ny, bn on th (Hi Nng dn, Hi
Ph n, on Thanh nin, v Hi Cu chin binh) l cc t chc nhn
ngun vn y thc t Ngn hng Chnh sch X hi (VBSP) trin
khai cho vay u i cho h ngho. S liu t Sakata (2006) cho thy con
s ny l kh ln (xem bng 4).
Ring Hi Ph n trong nhim k 2007 - 2012, d n tn dng n
cui nm 2011 l trn 47 nghn t ng, trong c 41 nghn t ng
l t ngun y thc ca VBSP1. Hi Nng dn trong kha V (2008 2013) cng cho 2,4 triu lt h vay, vi tng d n 37.990 t ng;
664.900 lt h vay, vi tng d n 16.000 t ng t Ngn hng Nng
nghip v Pht trin nng thn2.
Bo co nh gi phong tro ph n v kt qu hot ng ca Hi LHPN Vit Nam nhim

k 2007 - 2012.
2
Bo co ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng Hi Nng dn Vit Nam (kha V).
1
62

Bng 4: Vn tn thc ca VBSP thng qua cc t chc trung gian
Ngun: Sakata (2006)
Theo bo co ti chnh ( kim ton) nm 2013 ca VBSP, chi ph

tn thc ca VBSP chi tr cho cc t chc chnh tr - x hi trong nm
2013 l 1.861.763 triu ng (1.862 t ng), v 1.412.177 triu ng
(1.412 t ng) trong nm 2012.
Tnh trt gi theo lm pht, chng ti c th c tnh gi tr ca
chi ph tn thc VBSP tr cho cc t chc on th, hi c th nhm
h tr cc hot ng cho vay ca ngn hng trong nm 2014 l khong
2066,1 t ng1.
III. NGUN THU T HP TC, VIN TR CA CC T

CHC QUC T
Nhiu t chc qun chng cng, c bit l cc t chc kim nhim cc
nhim v lin quan n cc hot ng nh xa i gim ngho, ph
cp gio dc, bnh ng gii nhn c nhiu vin tr t cc t chc
trong nc v quc t. Do cc t chc ny khng cng b c th bo
co ti chnh hng nm, nn rt kh xc nh con s ny chnh xc l
bao nhiu. Theo thng k t Ban iu phi Vin tr nhn dn (2014),
1
Chng ti khng c s liu t VBSP cho nm 2014 nn s dng ch s lm pht c tnh.
63
trong nm 2014 vin tr Phi chnh ph cho Vit Nam t 300 triu
USD, trong , mt phn ln c phn b cho i tc a phng l
cc t chc on th1.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu thc a, mt s on th ti a phng
c a ra con s khai thc ngun lc quc t phc v cng tc on v
phong tro thanh thiu nin. V d, tnh on Kin Giang, s vn ny
l 765 triu ng (nm 2014)2. Cc n v khc, nh tnh on Bnh
nh, VUSTA Bnh nh, Hi Ph n Kin Giang, u cho bit nhn
c mt s ngun vn h tr t cc c quan, chnh ph nc ngoi.
Con s ny, tuy khng c tit l chi tit, nhng ri vo khong vi
trm triu, theo cc t chc qun chng cng m nhm nghin cu lm
vic ti thc a3.
Ly danh mc d n ku gi vin tr Phi chnh ph ca Nng4
nm 2015 lm c s tnh ton, ta c t l gi tr d n cc t chc qun
chng cng lm i tc/tng gi tr vin tr Phi chnh ph ti a phng
l 7,51 : 67,57 = 11,11%5. Nh vy, c tnh gi tr d n m cc t
chc qun chng cng lm i tc l 11,11% x 300 = 33,33 triu USD.
Quy i theo t gi USD/VND ca Vietcombank vo ngy 31/12/2014
l 21.380 ng/USD, c lng gi tr cc d n hp tc quc t m
MTTQ, on th, v hi c th lm i tc l 712,6 t ng.
IV. NGUN THU T PH QUN L
CC LOI QU VN NG T X HI
Ngoi cc nhim v dn vn c giao, cc t chc on th v MTTQ
cn chu trch nhim vn ng ngi dn ng gp, ng h cc qu v
an sinh - x hi nh xa i gim ngho, phng chng thin tai, hay gn
1
2
comingo.com.vn, Hi ngh tng kt v cng tc Phi chnh ph nc ngoi nm 2014.

Cng tc on v phong tro thanh thiu nhi nm 2014, tnh on Kin Giang.
Phng vn B7, B9, KG9.

y l tnh c s liu chi tit nht v i tc nhn h tr v c mc nhn vin tr bng mc
trung bnh c nc.
5
Danh mc d n ngh vin tr 2015, UBND TP. Nng.
4
64

y l ng h cc chng trnh v bin o1. MTTQ c trch phn
trm ph qun l cc loi qu ny, nhng ti a khng qu 5% tng s
qu2. Theo thng tin t thc a, MTTQ cc cp thng trch loi 3,5%
tng s tin ca qu phc v cho cng tc qun l. Theo quy nh
qun l ca Qu an sinh - x hi, qu phn chia thnh ba cp qun l:
tnh/thnh, qun/huyn, v phng/x/th trn3.
H Ni, quy m cp thnh ph ca qu V ngi ngho l 52,4
t ng, qu khc phc thin tai khong 20 t ng, v qu v bin o
l khong 26 t ng trong nm 20144. Nh vy tng quy m qu do
MTTQ H Ni qun l l 98,4 t ng. Gi nh mc trch qu qun l
ca MTTQ l 3,5%, th s tin qu MTTQ cp thnh ph gi li l 3,44
t ng. cp qun/huyn, kho st cho thy trung bnh mi n v
hnh chnh cp huyn (tnh c phng) t s qu V ngi ngho trn
1 t ng. Ly ba mu (qun Hai B Trng, huyn Ba V v qun Thanh
Xun), trung bnh mt n v cp qun/huyn H Ni vn ng c
1,6 t ng (trong nm 2014). Nh vy, c tnh s tin m MTTQ cp
qun/huyn H Ni vn ng c l 30 x 1,6 = 48 t ng. c tnh
mc ph qun l l 48 x 0,035 = 1,68 t ng. Vy tng mc ph qun l
qu c tnh ca MTTQ cc cp ti H Ni l 5,12 t ng.
Bnh nh, quy m qu V ngi ngho cp tnh trong nm
2014 ri vo khong 13 t ng, qu h tr thin tai l 14 t ng5.
Theo , c tnh mc trch ph qun l ca MTTQ l khong 945
triu ng.
Ty Sn, Bnh nh, quy m qu V ngi ngho ri vo
khong 1 t ng, qu an sinh x hi l 2,3 t ng6. Nh vy, c th
Phng vn HN4, KG1, B6.

Phng vn B11, Thng t s 77/2007/TT-BTC.
3
Phng vn B6 v mt s vn bn quy nh ti a phng.
4
Phng vn HN4.
5
Phng vn B6.
6
baobinhdinh.com.vn, Ty Sn: Chm lo cho ngi ngho.
1
2
65
c tnh mc ph qun l cho MTTQ ti a phng ny l 115 triu

ng. Vi s n v hnh chnh cp huyn ca Bnh nh l 11, c tnh
chi ph qun l cc loi qu ny cp huyn l 1,265 t ng.
x Ty Xun, huyn Ty Sn, c tnh mc vn ng cc qu ri
vo khong 200 triu ng1, nh vy, mc ph qun l c tnh x l
khong 7 triu ng. Vi s n v hnh chnh cp x Bnh nh l
159 (Tng cc Thng k, 2012), c th c lng s chi ph qun l cc
loi qu v an sinh - x hi Bnh nh l 159 x 7=1.113 (triu ng).
Nh vy, c th c tnh chi ph qun l cc loi qu v an sinh - x hi
do on th, i din l MTTQ, qun l trong nm 2014 Bnh nh
l 3.323 t ng.
Kin Giang, MTTQ c quy m qu V ngi ngho ca tnh
l 70 t ng (c ba cp). Qu an sinh - x hi vn ng c ring
khong 200 t ng, tnh c cc t chc thnh vin (nh on Thanh
nin, Hi Nng dn, Hi Ph n)2. Nh vy, chi ph qun l cc qu ca
MTTQ v cc t chc thnh vin trong nm 2014 Kin Giang ri vo
khong 9,45 t ng.
Nu ly mu l 3 a phng kho st, ta c s ph qun l trung
bnh cc qu vn ng t on th, i din l MTTQ, mt tnh l:
(9,45 + 3,32 + 5,12) : 3 = 5,96 t ng.
c lng mc ph qun l cc loi qu vn ng do on th, MTTQ
trn quy m c nc nh vy bng: 5,96 x 63 = 375,75 t ng.
1
2
Phng vn B14.
Phng vn KG1, KG2.
66
CHNG V
c tnh chi ph c hi v chi ph n

t ti sn c nh v ngun nhn lc
ca cc t chc qun chng cng
I. CHI PH C HI T TI SN C NH
Cc t chc on th v mt s hi c th c nh nc h tr tr
s lm vic trn tt c cc cp. cp Trung ng v cp tnh, cc t
chc ny thng c phn b tr s lm vic ring; cc cp thp
hn (qun/huyn, x/phng, thn), cc t chc thng chia s tr s
vi nhau. Ngoi ra, mt s t chc nh on Thanh nin v Hi Ph n
c cp thm t xy dng cc cng trnh phc v cho hot ng
c th ca t chc nh cung vn ha thanh nin, trung tm dy ngh
v trng o to.
1. Cp a phng
c lng tng gi tr bt ng sn ca cc t chc qun chng cng
ti cc a phng, nhm nghin cu c nhng gi nh sau:
(1) Tng t chnh sch bin ch, chnh sch v phn, cp bt
ng sn cc t chc qun chng cng thc hin nhim v ca
mnh l bnh ng gia cc a phng v gia cc t chc on th.
iu ny ph hp vi thc tin kho st thc a ca nhm nghin
cu (nhm MTTQ v 6 on th c tr s vi quy m tng ng
67
nhau. Gi tr bt ng sn c tnh m cc t chc qun chng cng

s dng Kin Giang v Bnh nh tng ng nhau (ln lt l
1.407,9 t ng v 1.319,57 t ng), mc d cc tnh ny rt khc
nhau v quy m kinh t, hnh chnh, cng nh c im a l,
x hi.
(2) Ly gi t quy nh ca chnh quyn a phng ti ni t tr
s ca cc t chc qun chng cng nm 2014 tnh ton.
(3) V chi ph xy dng cng trnh: vi nhng cng trnh mi xy
dng, ly chi ph thc t xy dng lm gi tr tnh ton. Vi nhng
cng trnh khng xc nh c c th chi ph xy dng, c lng
dng cc h s nh sau: Vi cng trnh thnh ph Quy Nhn, tnh
Bnh nh, chi ph xy dng/m2 l 26 triu ng. Con s tham chiu
ny c tnh bng cch ly tng chi ph u t xy dng/din tch t
xy dng ca tnh on Bnh nh1. S dng gi nh (1), c tnh gi
tr xy dng/m2 ca cc t chc khc l 26 triu ng.
(4) Vi cc a phng khc, s dng h s tnh ton l: gi t =
0,17 x gi tr xy dng, da trn tnh ton v tr gi t v gi xy dng
ca hai tnh p dng chnh sch tp trung tr s ca MTTQ, cc c quan
on th v hi c th l Long An v Qung Ninh2.
(5) p dng (1), gi nh s trung bnh ca gi tr bt ng sn ca
TTQ, on th v cc hi c th ti Kin Giang v Bnh nh l con s
trung bnh ca c nc (m).
tuoitrebinhdinh.vn, Khnh thnh tr s c quan Tnh on.
Qung Ninh va khi cng xy dng ta nh tr s cho khi on th vi tr gi 360 t
VND trn din tch 7500 m2 (baoquangninh.com.vn, Khi cng cng trnh Tr s Lin c quan
s 4). Tnh gi tr t theo quy nh ca tnh ti v tr l 8 x 7500 = 60 t ng (t l gi
t/tng gi tr cng trnh = 16%), ta c tr gi xy dng ca ta nh l 300 t ng. Do tr
s ny c dng cho 8 t chc (t chc kinh doanh, ban xy dng ng, MTTQ v 5 on
th), c th c lng chi ph tr s cho mi t chc l 37,5 t VND).
Tham kho thm chi ph xy dng tr s cho MTTQ v on th Long An (217 x 0,84% =
182 t ng) (longan.gov.vn, Thng trc Tnh y cho kin i vi thit k d n xy dng
tr s cc c quan Mt trn, on th tnh) ta c chi ph xy dng trung bnh cho mi t chc
y l 30 t ng. Nh vy, c th tm c lng chi ph tr s (tr t) ca on th l
(30 + 37,5) : 2 = 33,75 t ng.
1
2
68
c tnh chi ph c hi v chi ph n t ti sn c nh...

c tnh gi tr bt ng sn do cc t chc qun chng cng
qun l ti Kin Giang
Cc tr s ca cc t chc qun chng cng Kin Giang c
b tr nhng a im thun li, trung tm thnh ph v mt s c
quan nh Tnh on v MTTQ th va c xy mi. Din tch trung
bnh (tm tnh) ca tr s cc on th v MTTQ l 500m2. Theo bng
gi t quy nh ti ng Nguyn Trung Trc ca UBND tnh Kin
Giang1, l ni t tr s ca Tnh on v Hi Ph n (MTTQ v cc
on th khc khu vc nm trong bn knh 2 km ca trc ng ny),
gi tr 1m2 mt ng l 11 triu ng. Tnh s b, gi tr bt ng sn
ca tr s cc on th v MTTQ Kin Giang l 500 x 11 x 6 = 33
t ng. Ly mc kinh ph xy dng tr s tnh Qung Ninh v
Long An lm mc, c lng gi tr ca tr s cc c quan on th l
33,75 x 6 = 202,5 t ng.
Ngoi ra, Tnh on cn c Nh thiu nhi cp tnh, trung tm hot
ng Thanh thiu nin, v Trung tm dy ngh thanh nin tnh. C ba
a im ny u v tr c gi tr nht v t ai Kin Giang (ng
Nguyn Trung Trc v khu ln cn). S dng cng c tnh ton din
tch ca Google Earth Pro, c lng din tch ca Nh Thiu nhi l
khong 1.900m2, Trung tm Dy ngh Thanh nin l 5.200 m2 t giy
php ca tnh ti khu ln bin2, Trung tm hot ng Thanh thiu nin
l 420 m2. Vy tr gi ca khu t ca Nh thiu nhi v Trung tm hot
ng Thanh thiu nin l: (1.900 + 420) x 113 = 25,52 t ng. Gi tr
khu t khu ln bin l: 5200 x 1,1 triu4 = 9,36 t ng. Nh vy,
tng gi tr t ca cc t chc trc thuc Tnh on l 34,8 t ng.
Ly t l gi tr t ai/tng gi tr ti sn tnh trn l 0,17, c tnh
tng gi tr bt ng sn ca nhm ny l 34,8 : 0,17 = 205,1 t ng.
Quyt nh 31/2013/Q-UBND v bng gi t nm 2014 tnh Kin Giang.

tuoitre.vn, Kin Giang: Xy dng trung tm dy ngh v nh ci thanh nin.
3
Tnh theo gi t ng Nguyn Trung Trc.
4
Theo quy nh gi t khu ln bin ca UBND tnh Kin Giang.
1
2
69
nhm hi c th, Hi Nh bo tnh Kin Giang c cp mt

cn nh ba tng, din tch gn 100 m2. Din tch v quy m ca VUSTA
Kin Giang cng tng t (nh ba tng v din tch gn 100m2)1. Cn
c vo khung gi t do UBND tnh quy nh, c tnh gi tr ca tr s
VUSTA l: (100 x 4,2) : 0,17 + 100 x 4,2 = 2.890.588.235 ng (2,89 t
ng). Do khng phi tt c hi c th u c mt trn a bn tnh
(v d nh VCCI hay Hi Nh vn), nhm nghin cu ly con s trung
bnh s hi xut hin trn a bn hai tnh Bnh nh v Kin Giang l
18 (tr i Hi Sinh vin trc thuc on Thanh nin). T , c tnh
gi tr tr s cc hi c th c Nh nc ti tr tnh Kin Giang l
2,89 x 18 = 52 t ng. Nh vy, tng gi tr bt ng sn m Nh nc
h tr tr s cho cc t chc qun chng cng (cp tnh) Kin Giang
c t 527,4 t ng.
Bng 5: Gi tr bt ng sn cc t chc qun chng cng cp tnh
Kin Giang
Gi tr t
(t ng)
Gi tr xy dng
(t ng)
Tng gi tr
33
202,5
235,5
n v thuc Tnh on
34,86
205,1
239,9
Hi c th
7,56
44,44
52
Cc t chc qun chng cng
Tng gi tr (tr s tnh)
527,4
Ngun: Tnh ton ca nhm nghin cu
khu vc a phng kho st thc a (th x H Tin), Th

on c cp ta nh tr s ring, trong khi cc hi on th khc
cng MTTQ chung tr s. c lng dng Google Earth Pro, din
tch t mt bng ca Th on l khong 720m2. S dng bng
gi t theo quy nh, ta c lng gi tr bt ng sn Th on l
720 x 2 : 0,17 + 720 x 2 = 9.910.670.588,240 ng (9,9 t ng).
Vi cc c quan on th khc, din tch t c tnh l 1.050m2.
1
Phng vn KG4, KG7.
70

Tnh theo gi t quy nh, c tnh gi tr bt ng sn cn li l:
(1.050 x 2) : 0,17 + 1.050 x 2 = 14.452.941.200 ng (14,4 t ng).
Nh vy, c tnh tng gi tr bt ng sn t tr s l 12,4 + 8,5 =
24,3 t ng. Din tch t Nh thiu nhi l khong 1 ha1 (10.000m2).
Tnh theo gi t quy nh, ta c gi tr bt ng sn ca Nh thiu nhi
H Tin l 10.000 x 0,5 : 0,17 + 10.000 x 0,5 = 34.411.764.700 ng
(34,4 t ng). Tng gi tr bt ng sn ca cc t chc qun chng
cng H Tin c tnh bng 24,3 + 34,4 = 58,7 t ng. Nu ly H
Tin lm mu tham kho, ta c gi tr bt ng sn t cc t chc qun
chng cng trn ton tnh l: 58,7 x 15 = 880,5 t ng.
Bng 6: Gi tr bt ng sn t tr s cc t chc qun chng cng
th x H Tin v ton tnh
Gi tr t
(t VND)
Gi tr xy dng
(t VND)
Tng gi tr
MTTQ v on th
2,1
12,3
14,4
Th on
1,4
8,5
9,9
Nh thiu nhi
5,0
29,4
34,4
Tng gi tr (th x H Tin)
8,5
50,2
Tng gi tr (ton tnh, 15 n v

cp huyn)

58,7
880,5
Ngun: Tnh ton t nhm nghin cu
Nh vy, tng gi tr ti sn bt ng sn ca c tnh (cng thm tr s

ca cc t chc qun chng cng TP. Rch Gi) l 880,5 + 527,4 = 1407,9
t ng.

c tnh gi tr bt ng sn do cc t chc qun chng cng
qun l ti Bnh nh
Tng t, p dng phng php c lng Kin Giang vi tnh
Bnh nh. Ta c kt qu nh sau2:
1
2
Phng vn KG10.
Gi t ly theo bng gi t nm 2014 do UBND tnh Bnh nh ban hnh.
71

Bng 7: Gi tr c tnh tr s cc t chc qun chng cng cp tnh
Bnh nh
n v cp tnh
Din tch
(m2)
1024
896
453
30.0006
MTTQ1
Hi ph n
Tnh on4
Trung tm hot ng thanh
thiu nhi5
Trung tm vic lm thanh
1.750
nin
Hi Nng dn
962
Hi Cu chin binh
576
Cng on
640
Cc hi c th (15 hi)7
119x158=1.785
Tng
6.336
Gi tr t
(t ng)
16,38
17,43
1,85
123
Gi tr
xy dng
26,662
23,293
11,8
39,4
Tng gi tr
(t ng)
43,04
40,72
13,65
162,4
7,18
45,5
52,68
19,53
8,64
5,44
30,15
99,42
25,01
14,97
16,64
46,41
164,78
44,54
23,61
22,08
76,56
479,28
Huyn Ty Sn1 v cc n v hnh chnh cp huyn Bnh nh

Bng 8: Gi tr ti sn c nh ca cc t chc qun chng cng
huyn Ty Sn v n v hnh chnh cp huyn
ca tnh Bnh nh (2014)
n v cp tnh
Din tch
(m2)
Gi tr t
(t ng)
Gi tr
xy dng
Tng gi tr
(t ng)
Cc t chc qun chng cng
1.978
3,96
23,4
27,36
Huyn on
1.120
2,13
12,5
14,63
Nh thiu nhi huyn Ty Sn9
10.000
29,4
34,4
Tng (huyn Ty Sn)
13.098
11,09
65,3
76,39
121,99
718,3
840,29
Ton tnh (11 n v cp huyn)
Gi nh gi t= 0,17 x (gi tr xy dng ca bt ng sn thuc qun l ca cc t chc

qun chng cng).
1
72

Nh vy, c tnh tng gi tr bt ng sn m MTTQ on th,
v cc hi c th s dng trn a bn ton tnh l 840,29 + 479,28 =
1319,57 t ng.
Qua kt qu c lng ca hai tnh, ta c:
m = (1407,9 + 1319,57) : 2 = 1363,74 t ng.
Vy c tnh gi tr bt ng sn m MTTQ, cc t chc
on th v hi c th cc a phng nm gi l 1.363,74 x 63 =
85.915,62 t ng.
4. c tnh gi tr ti sn c nh cp Trung ng ca
c tnh gi tr ti sn c nh do cc t chc qun chng cng cp
Trung ng qun l, nghin cu c nhng gi nh sau:
(1) Chnh sch phn, cp bt ng sn cho Trung ng hi ca cc
t chc qun chng cng l bnh ng.
(2) Gi tr xy dng c tnh theo t l = 10% gi tr t (do c
th ca H Ni c mt bng gi t cao nht c nc). y l con
s tm tnh t gi tr n b mt sn xy dng cao nht ca H Ni
(7,2 triu ng/m2)1.
(3) Vi tr s mi xy, v d nh ta nh tr s Trung ng Hi
Nng dn ti ng Tn Tht Thuyt, Cu Giy; c tnh gi tr ti sn
xy dng bng vi gi tr t trn c s so snh vi cc cng trnh quy
m tng ng (tr s lin ngnh cc on th va khi cng xy
dng Qung Ninh).
(4) Dng cng c Google Earth Pro, c lng din tch t v gi tr
tng ng ca tr s Trung ng cc on th v mt s hi c th.
(5) Gi t c tnh theo khung quy nh theo tng v tr t tr s
ca UBND TP. H Ni cho nm 2014.
1
Thanhnien.com.vn, Gi n b nh H Ni cao nht l 7,2 triu ng/m2.
73
(6) Ngoi t dng t tr s, tnh thm cc n v trc thuc

ca cc on th. C th: Hi Nng dn (trng Cn b hi Nng dn,
Trung tm Dy ngh nng dn, tp ch Nng thn mi). Ngoi ra cn
c t nht 30 trung tm dy ngh Hi Nng dn trn c nc1. Nh vy,
Hi Nng dn c 32 n v trc thuc.
Tng Lin on Lao ng Vit Nam c 15 n v trc thuc H
Ni v TP. H Ch Minh, gm: H Cng on (2 c s), bo Lao ng,
bo Ngi lao ng, nh in Cng on (2 c s), H Tn c Thng
(4 c s, 2 c s TP. H Ch Minh), Vin Nghin cu KHKT Bo h
lao ng (2 c s), Tp ch Lao ng v Cng on/Nh xut bn Lao
ng (chung tr s). Ring Nh Vn ha Cng on (c gi tr c tnh
33 t ng) do Lin on Lao ng H Ni qun l, p dng gi nh
(1) phn cc a phng, nghin cu gi nh tt c cc a phng
trn c nc u c h thng nh vn ha cng on. Do , gi tr c
tnh ca ring h thng nh vn ha cng on l 2 x 33 + 61 x 2200 x
52 = 737 t ng. H thng nh ngh, khch sn cng on s c tnh
ring phn trng hp in hnh.
Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam: c 1 trng cao ng, 4 trung cp
ngh, 36 trung tm dy ngh v h tr vic lm3. Cha tnh cc trung
tm khc thuc Hi Ph n, gi nh hi c 43 c s trc thuc (gm c
bo Ph n v trng Cn b ph n).
(7) S dng gi nh (1), vi 41 n v trc thuc ca Trung ng
on4 cha c thng tin c th, ta c tnh da trn s liu ca Cng
cand.com.vn, c h tr dy ngh cho nng dn Vit Nam; baobacninh.com.vn, Khnh thnh

trung tm dy ngh v h tr nng dn. Gi nh din tch trung bnh ca trung tm dy ngh
nng thn cc tnh l 3.000 m2, gi t trung bnh l 5 triu ng/m2.
2
Ly gi t bnh qun ca cc th trn c nc l 5 triu ng/m2, vi din tch trung
bnh l 2.200 m2, tr gi Trung tm Vn ha cng on ca H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh c gi
tr nh nhau.
3
Theo Quyt nh s 295/Q-TTG v n H tr ph n hc ngh, to vic lm giai on
2010 - 2015.
4
thanhnienviet.vn, Nng cao cht lng i ng vin chc thuc Trung ng on TNCS
H Ch Minh.
1
74

on (c 15 n v ph thuc)1. Vi 15 n v ph thuc, din tch
ca nhng n v ny l 916.421 m2. Vy vi 41 n v trc thuc ca
on, c lng din tch l 2.504.884 m2. Ly gi t trung bnh ca
15 n v ph thuc ca Cng on (37,3 triu ng), s c c lng
gi tr bt ng sn Trung ng on qun l.
Tr s Trung ng ca cc t chc qun chng cng c t ti
trung tm thnh ph H Ni, a phng c gi t cao nht c nc. V
vy, y cng l mt trong nhng ti sn c gi tr rt ln m nh nc
h tr cho cc t chc trn. Qua tnh ton, vi iu kin ca nhng gi
nh nh trn, nhm nghin cu c lng nh sau:
Bng 9: Gi tr bt ng sn do Trung ng hi ca MTTQ,
t chc on th nm gi2
C quan
Din tch t Gi tr t quy

Tng gi tr
(m2)
i (t ng) (+ gi tr xy dng)
MTTQ Vit Nam
1.000
121
133,1
Hi Nng dn (cng 7 n v s nghip)
197.620
1.298
1.428
Hi Ph n
133.700
1.212
1.493,2
1.500
132
145,2
2.506.905
93.639
102.982,767
918.581
11.276
12.404
3.759.306
107.678
118.586,3
Hi Cu chin binh
on thanh nin
(cng 41 n v trc thuc)
Cng on (gm: tr s, nh XB L, tr s
bo L, H C, Trung cp dy ngh, Cng
ty du lch, H Tn c Thng, Vin CN v
C, tr s bo NL, Cung Vit X, cc nh
vn ha cng on trn 63 tnh)
Tng gi tr bt ng sn khi on th

L do chn Cng on tnh gi tr bt ng sn cho Trung ng on l: 1. L hai t
chc c lng n v trc thuc ng nht cp Trung ng. 2. u c nhng n v trc
thuc m mng li hot ng c ph n cp tnh (nh vn ha cng on v nh vn
ha thanh nin).
2
Gi tr t c ly theo khung gi t tng khu vc ca UBND TP. H Ni.
1
75

Bng 10: Tng gi tr bt ng sn Trung ng hi c th1
C quan
Din tch
(m2)
Gi tr t
(t ng)
Tng gi tr
(+gi tr xy dng)
VUSTA
650
59
64,9
VUFO
450
37,8
41,58
Hi Nh vn
306
17,1
18,81
Hi Ngi cao tui
644
56,7
62,37
Trung bnh
512,5
42,65
46,915
28 hi c th
14.350
1.194,2
1.313,62
Ngun: Tnh ton ca nhm nghin cu.
Vy gi tr bt ng sn m c quan Trung ng ca cc t
chc qun chng cng qun l c tnh t: 1.313,62 + 118.586,3 =
119.899,92 t ng.
Nh vy, c th c lng gi tr kinh t ca khi ti sn bt ng
sn ca cc t chc qun chng cng trn c nc l: gi tr Trung ng
hi (119.899,92 t ng) + gi tr a phng (85.915,62 t ng) =
205.815,54 t ng (205,82 nghn t ng).
5. c lng chi ph c hi hng nm n t ti sn c nh

Coi gi tr c tnh ca bt ng sn do cc t chc qun chng cng
qun l trn tng ng vi ngun vn c th s dng cho x hi.
Nhm nghin cu c tnh gi tr c th to ra t ngun vn theo ba
kch bn nh sau.

Kch bn tt
Nu ly t sut li nhun/vn ca doanh nghip nh nc lm mc
so snh2 (16,47% trong nm 2014), c th c lng gi tr c th to
Gi tr t c ly theo khung gi t tng khu vc ca UBND TP. H Ni.
Bo co tnh hnh v kt qu hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh nm 2013 ca cc doanh
nghip do Nh nc nm gi 100% vn iu l v DN c c phn, vn gp ca NN (b Ti
chnh, 2015).
1
2
76

ra t khi gi tr bt ng sn trn ca cc t chc qun chng cng l
205.82 x 0.1647 = 33,89 nghn t ng trong nm 2014.

Kch bn trung bnh
Ly li sut huy ng ca Vietcombank thng 1/2014 l 7,5% cho
li sut k hn 1 nm cho doanh nghip, c lng gi tr c th to ra
t khi bt ng sn trn l 15,44 nghn t ng.

Kch bn thp
Ly ch s CPI ca Vit Nam nm 2014 (4,09%) lm c s tnh
ton, trong trng hp gi nh ngun vn khng c s dng
vo u t, c lng chi ph c hi t ngun vn l 8,41 nghn
t ng.
II. CHI PH N T NGUN NHN LC
Ngoi cc ngun thu v chi ph c hi ni trn, mt trong nhng ngun

lc ln nht m cc t chc qun chng cng s dng l ngun nhn
lc. Theo Tng cc Thng k (2012), hin c nc c 337.981 ngi1
lm vic cho cc t chc qun chng cng, cha k cc cn b kim
nhim. Con s ny chim 1,1% tng lc lng x hi. Kho st thc a
v nghin cu ti bn cho thy mc lng danh ngha ca nhng ngi
lm vic cho cc c quan thuc cc t chc qun chng cng thp hn
so vi mc lng trung bnh ca lao ng cng trnh ti a phng.
Khong chnh lch ny l chi ph n ca nhn lc khi tham gia h thng
cc t chc qun chng cng.
c im ny ng c 4 cp kho st ca nhm nghin cu.
Vi cc v tr lm vic ti Trung ng hi v tnh hi cc a
phng ln, yu cu v trnh chuyn mn cao, thn nin lm vic,
trong khi mc lng (do nh nc cp) c tnh theo thang bc quy
1
Theo Tng cc Thng k (2012) v y ban v cc vn x hi ca Quc hi (2014).
77
nh v thp hn mc ca cn b hnh chnh nh nc. V d nh mc

lng ca ch tch MTTQ H Ni ch tng ng vi mc lng ca
ph ch tch UBND thnh ph1. Vi cn b cp cao (lnh o on
th Trung ng, lnh o on th TP. H Ch Minh v H Ni), bc
lng ca chuyn gia cao cp bc 1,2,3 dao ng t 8,8-10,0 (vi mc
lng c bn l 1,150 triu ng th mc lng dao ng t 10 triu
ng-11,5 triu ng)2. Cng thm mc ph cp cng v v on th
55%3, mc lng cn b on th cp cao l t 15-17,83 triu ng.
tin so snh, tm tnh gi tr trung bnh mc thu nhp cn b cp cao l
trung bnh gia hai s trn, 16,4 triu ng. Nu ly so snh mc trn
lng chuyn gia cao cp c b Lao ng - Thng binh v X hi
quy nh (20-40 triu ng cho chuyn gia thm nin 10 - 20 nm)4,
mc chnh lch gia mc lng ca lnh o cp cao cc t chc qun
chng cng l 45%.
cp huyn/th x/thnh ph cp tnh, mc lng trung bnh ca
cn b cc t chc qun chng cng ri vo khong t 2,34 - 4 ln
mc lng c bn, tc t 4,2 n 7,1 triu ng ( bao gm ph cp).
Nh vy, mc lng bnh qun ca cn b cp ny vo khong 5,66
triu ng. V d nh huyn Ty Sn (Bnh nh), mc lng ca b
th Huyn on l 5,8 triu ng/thng, lng ca ph ch tch MTTQ
huyn l 7 triu ng (c ph cp thm nin 25 nm cng tc), c
cho rng thp hn mc lng ca lao ng ph thng ti a phng
(th xy c tay ngh l 6 - 8 triu ng/thng)5. th x H Tin (Kin
Giang), ni lnh o on th a phng cho rng mc lng thp hn
mc lng lao ng cng trnh trong khu vc6 khong 40%. So snh
vi mc lng ngi lao ng c trnh i hc tr ln trn c nc
Phng vn HN4.
Hng dn s 52 HD/BTCTW.
3
Thng bo s 13-TB/TW ngy 28/3/2011 ca B Chnh tr, Ngh nh s 34/2012/N-CP
ngy 15/4/2012.
4
Thng t 02/2015/TT-BLTBXH.
5
Phng vn B10, B11, B12, B13.
6
Phng vn KG9, KG10, KG11, KG12.
1
2
78

(6,6 triu ng1), chnh lch mc lng gia khi cc t chc qun
chng cng vi mc lng chung cng trnh l 16%.
cp x, mc lng ca cn b on th theo quy nh t Ngh
nh s 204/2004/N-CP v Ngh nh s 92/2009/N-CP, vi nhng
ngi c bng cp chuyn mm l t 2,45 mc lng c bn (ch tch
MTTQ) v 2,25 mc lng c bn (cc on th khc). Cn b cp x
khng c hng ph cp 55%, do mc lng ca h l 2,82 triu
ng/thng. Ly mc lng trung bnh ca lao ng lm cng n lng
trn c nc l 4,28 triu ng2, chnh lch mc lng ca cn b cp
x, c qua o to vi mc lng thc t x hi sn sng tr l 35%.
Vi cn b khng chuyn trch, mc ph cp c hng l 1,1
lng c bn (ph ch tch MTTQ) v 1 mc lng c bn (vi cp
ph ca on th khc). Mc lng ca h l 1,3 triu ng/thng v
1,2 triu ng/thng. So snh vi mc lng lao ng ph thng bnh
qun ca c nc (3,3 triu ng/thng)3, ta c chnh lch mc lng
ca nhm cn b ny vi nhm lao ng ph thng l 65%.
Gi nh s cn b cao cp mi Trung ng hi l 8 ngi (tng
ng vi lnh o ca cc ban chuyn trch trung bnh trong mt hi),
c lng s cn b cao cp Trung ng hi l 272 ngi. Gi nh
lnh o tnh hi l cn b cao cp, vy c tnh s cn b cao cp a
phng l 2.142 ngi. Vy ta c s cn b cao cp c hng lng
t Trung ng v tnh hi cc t chc qun chng cng l 2.414 ngi.
Bo co iu tra Lao ng v Vic lm 2013, GSO.

Bo co iu tra Lao ng v Vic lm nm 2013, GSO.
3
Bo co iu tra Lao ng v Vic lm nm 2013, GSO.
1
2
79

Bng 11: Chi ph c hi s dng ngun nhn lc
trong h thng cc t chc qun chng cng
Cn b
S lng Tng qu lng Chnh lch mc x Chi ph c hi

(nm, t ng)
hi sn sng tr
(t ng)
Cp cao (lnh o cc t
chc qun chng cng
Trung ng, thnh ph
ln, ngi c thm nin,
chuyn gia)
2.414
475,1
45%
213,8
Cn b cp thnh ph
thuc tnh, tnh, huyn,
th x
128.695
8.648,3
16%
1.383,7
Cn b cp x
66.966
2.266,1
35%
793,1
Cn b khng chuyn
trch cp x
48.069
721
65%
468,65
Tng
246.144
2.859,325
Qua phn c tnh ni trn, chi ph kinh t ca x hi cho MTTQ,

on th v cc hi c th Vit Nam trong mt nm c c lng
nh bng 12.
Vi kch bn trung bnh, tng chi ph kinh t ca x hi cho cc
t chc qun chng cng l 52.688,91 t ng, v kch bn thp l
45.670,59 t ng.
Vi kch bn kh quan, tng chi ph kinh t ca x hi cho cc t
chc qun chng cng nm 2014 c bng 1,7% GDP ca c nc.
80

Bng 12: Tng chi ph kinh t cho cc t chc qun chng cng
trong nm 2014 (kch bn kh quan)
Cc khon chi ph ca x hi
Gi tr (t ng)
Ngn sch nh nc
14.023,00
Ngun thu t hi ph
10.765,96
Ph u thc t VBSP
2.066,10
Thu t hp tc quc t
712,60
Thu t qun l cc loi qu an sinh - x hi
375,75
Chi ph c hi: bt ng sn
33898,60
H thng nh ngh cng on10
6.450,00
Chi ph n ngun nhn lc
2.859,33
Tng gi tr kinh t
71151,40
Ngun: Tnh ton t nhm nghin cu
81
CHNG VI
Thc t hot ng ca
mt s a phng
I. H THNG T CHC V HIU QU HOT NG CA
CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG TI A PHNG
1. a phng v cc bc thc hin kho st

Do nghin cu p dng Khung Nghin cu H thng khc bit nht
(Most different systems design- MDSD), cc a phng c la chn
ti a ha s khc bit v c im ca bin kim sot z, nhm nh
gi mc tng quan gia h thng t chc cc t chc qun chng
cng vi hiu qu hot ng ca cc t chc ny.
Cc a phng c la chn (nhn bng) c cc c im khc
nhau v vng, min; quy m hnh chnh; quy m dn s; v mc
pht trin. Trong ba a phng, hai a phng s c c im tng t
nhau, v tng i khc bit so vi a phng cn li (v d nh Bnh
nh v Kin Giang c din tch tng ng, H Ni v Kin Giang
c GDP/u ngi tng ng, Bnh nh v Kin Giang u c nn
kinh t bin pht trin mnh).
83

Bng 13: c im cc a phng kho st
Bin kim sot
a phng
Quy m hnh
chnh (km2)/n
v hnh chnh
cp huyn/n
v hnh chnh
cp x
Quy m dn
s (ngi)
Mc pht
trin (USD/
ngi/nm)
(2012)
Vng, min
H Ni
+ 3.323,6/30/563
+ 6.844.100
+ 2.257
- B sng
Hng
Bnh nh
+ 6.050,6/11/147
+ 1.501.800
+ 1.330
-Duyn hi
min Trung
Kin Giang
+ 6.348,5/15/133
+ 1.726.200
+ 2.026
-Nam Trung b

Cc bc thc hin kho st
Bc 1: Nghin cu s trc tin ch ra c im ca h thng t
chc cc t chc qun chng cng ti cc a phng theo bn tiu ch:
- Chi ph ngn sch
- Chi ph c hi
- Cng vic, nhim v hon thnh
- Quan im ca ngi trong cuc (cn b, vin chc lm vic
trong h thng cc t chc qun chng cng.
Bc 2: So snh s tng ng v khc bit gia cc a phng,
di thay i ca bin kim sot z.
Bc 3: Kt lun
2. Kho st thc a ti a bn H Ni
H Ni l mt trong hai a phng c nn kinh t tp trung v pht
trin nht c nc. iu ny thc y s pht trin v cc mt vn ha
v x hi, to iu kin hot ng cho nhiu t chc x hi dn s.
84
Thc t hot ng ca cc t chc qun chng cng

Ngoi ra, y cng l ni c nhiu thay i v a gii v qun l hnh
chnh trong thi gian qua. iu ny to cho H Ni mt v th c trng
cho qu trnh hot ng ca cc t chc qun chng cng.
Trong qu trnh nghin cu trn a bn H Ni, nhm nghin cu
lm vic vi hai c quan l S Ni v H Ni v MTTQ H Ni. S Ni
v cho bit ch qun l cc hi c th, khng c quyn v trch nhim
qun l cc on th1.
Theo Tng cc Thng k (2012), H Ni c 7.979 cc t chc
qun chng cng, hip hi hot ng, nhiu nht trn c nc.

Chi ph ngn sch
H Ni l tnh c mc thu nhp trong mc cao nht c nc. c
th l l do v sao h tr cho cc t chc qun chng cng a phng
ny kh cao: 150 t ng cho 5 t chc on th v MTTQ, 50 t ng
cho hi c th trong nm 2014. y l cc khon ch tnh lng v
nh bin theo chi thng xuyn, tc cha bao gm kinh ph t vic
thc hin nhim v ng v Nh nc giao.
V hi c th, con s 50 t ng vn h tr cho hi qun chng
cng ch bao gm kinh ph ca UBND h tr cho hi hot ng trong
phm vi thnh ph (19 hi), trong khi H Ni c 1.714 hi c th hot
ng trn ton thnh ph (gm c qun, huyn, x)2. V vy, con s thc
t c th cao hn nhiu, ty vo mc phn b ngn sch ca cc cp
hnh chnh bn di.
Hi c thu la tn goi khac cua cac hi c hng ngn sach,
nhng khi co quyt inh 683 thi mt loat t chc mi cung xut, yu
cu c coi la hi c thu c hng ngn sach nay. H Ni
c 1.174 hi c cng nhn l hi c th, trong c 347 bin ch/
1 Phng vn HN1.
2
cng bo co lm vic vi Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch ca S Ni v, 2015.
Quyt nh s 68/2010/Q-TTG v vic quy nh hi c tnh c th.
85
nh mc lao ng (trong 236 bin ch c hng lng nh cng

chc)1, trong c 160 bin ch thuc hi hot ng cp di thnh
ph2 (tc cha c tnh vo trong tng s kinh ph ca UBND thnh
ph, m ty thuc vo mc h tr ca UBND cp di).
V ch thu lao cho cn b lm vic cho hi c th (theo Quyt
inh s 30/2010/Q-TTG): Chi co ch thu lao cho cp chu tich
nhng thng thi ng nay chi chi ao chung chung va khng lam gi.
Con cac cp pho, chanh vn phong, nhng ngi h tr khc thi khng
co kinh phi h tr (t ngn sch), d yu cu cng vic cao hn3.
V on th, kin ca mt cn b cp cao trong MTTQ H Ni
cho rng h khng gp nhiu kh khn v ti chnh trong qu trnh
hot ng.
V kinh phi hoat ng, chung ti co ngn sach nh nc am bao
nn khng co kho khn gi. Hang nm u co d tru ngn sach cho cac
hoat ng. H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh th khng co kho khn. Ch kh
hn l cp x/phng/qun huyn4.
Theo bo co ngn sch thnh ph, MTTQ H Ni c cp ngn
sch hot ng 31,3 t ng trong nm 2012.
MTTQ, bin ch nhn s cp thanh ph la 22 nhn s. Ha Ni
va Ha Ty gp lai nn co 44 nhn s ong tai tru s. Hin nay, cha bit
c gi nguyn hay gim xung (bin ch cc tnh l 22). V thang bc
lng, cn b on th c coi l cng chc, thang bc lng theo
cng chc, nhng lng thi hng thp hn mt bc, d v mt chinh
tri thi ngang hang, chc danh rt oai5. V d nh lng chu tich MTTQ
chi ngang bng pho chu tich UBND6.
Phng vn HN3.
cng bo bo lm vic vi Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch ca S Ni v, 2015.
3
Phng vn HN2.
4
Phng vn HN4.
5
Phng vn HN4.
6
Phng vn HN4.
1
2
86

cp c s, H Ni thc hin chnh sch khon hot ng vi cc
t chc chnh tr - x hi cp x, phng, th trn vi mc h tr trung
bnh 44 triu/n v/nm1.

Chi ph c hi v chi ph n
Vi cac hi c lch s hot ng lu di, cp thanh ph co vn
phong hoat ng do Nh nc cp. Hi chi c s dung vn phong
ch khng c cho mn hay kinh doanh cac dich vu khac. Vi cac
hi mi thanh lp (thng l sau nm 2010) thi phai t lo vn phong,
trong thu tuc thanh lp phai co am bao v ia im lam vic. Thnh
ph c to iu kin cho cc hi thu ti Cung Tr Thc (Cu Giy)2.
S nhn lc c Nh nc tr lng (c bin ch hoc nh bin)
lm vic trn a bn H Ni, cho cc hi c th, l 347 ngi. Con s
ny cha k nhng ngi lm vic, c th c tr lng, nhng khng
nm trong bin ch.
V on th, tru s c cp nh c quan nh nc, c s dung
nhng khng c php kinh doanh. Cc c quan on th H Ni
u c tr s cc khu vc trung tm, trong khu vc tp trung nhiu c
quan nh nc. V d nh MTTQ H Ni c tr s L Thng Kit,
cn tr s ca H Ty (c) c tr li phn cho c quan khc.
Theo thng k ca Tng cc Thng k (2012), H Ni c 15.172
ngi lm vic cho cc t chc qun chng cng.

Cng vic, nhim v hon thnh
V nhim v, cng vic ca hi c th, c quan qun l nh nc
(S Ni v) cho bit ty thuc vo iu l hot ng ca hi, S khng
can thip. Ch tr khi hi hot ng khng ng chc nng, nhim v
nh ra th s b thanh, kim tra v x l theo quy nh.
1
2
Quyt nh s 30/2013/Q-UBND ca UBND TP. H Ni.

Phng vn HN2.
87
V nhim v ca on th, cc t chc on th H Ni thc

hin cc nhim v c ng v Nh nc giao ph theo cc quy nh
ca Trung ng ng v php lut. H Ni, t chc c la chn
nghin cu l MTTQ. MTTQ H Ni c nhim v hot ng dn vn
l ch yu, vi nm nhim v chnh, bao gm: Tuyn truyn, vn ng
nhn dn v chnh sch ca ng, nh nc; T chc cc phong tro,
vn ng theo chnh sch ca ng (ba cuc vn ng chnh v mt
phong tro ln); Thc hin nhim v i din quyn lm ch ca nhn
dn, c th: gim st, phn bin x hi, tham gia xy dng ng v
chnh quyn; i ngoi nhn dn; v i mi, nng cao hiu qu hot
ng ca MTTQ1.
Ngoi cc nhim v k trn, MTTQ cp thnh ph c th ky kt
hp tac vi cac c quan trong nc v ngoi nc cung hp tac, lam
chu u t trong mt s lnh vc nh xa i gim ngho, lm t thin2.
Ngoi nhng nhim v c giao, MTTQ H Ni cn thc hin
mt s hot ng quyn gp t nhn dn, do cc c quan ca ng
v Nh nc khng c trch nhim lm vic ny. Quyn gop cho hoat
ng gi thi m tai khoan cho hoat ng o. Hin nay, MTTQ Ha Ni
qun l ba quy:

Quy phong chng thin tai lu lut: Quy thin tai lu lut cua thanh
ph con khoang 20 ty, quy nay co nm huy ng, co nm khng.
Nm nao nhiu thin tai co th huy ng ln n 30 ty.

Quy vi ngi ngheo: hin c khong 5 t ng, c cam kt
khong 52 t ng.

Gn y co thm quy ung h Hoang Sa, Trng Sa, vi tinh trang
ngi dn chu ng ung h n cac ia phng dn n vic ln
xn, phn b khng phu hp, nn Nh nc giao cho MTTQ m
ti khon v qun l. Sau o, MTTQ phn b lai cho cac vung.
Bo co tng kt cng tc Mt trn thnh ph H Ni nm 2014, phng hng v nhim
v nm 2015.
2
Phng vn HN4.
1
88

MTTQ khng c quyn chi nhng khon qu ny, ch c lu gi
v chuyn n cc i tng th hng. i vi hai quy thin tai lu lut
va ngi ngheo thi trong ia ban Ha Ni, chu tich MTTQ co th ky
chi. Con nu chuyn sang vung khac thi khng c phep ma phai xin
phep Thanh uy1.
Hin nay, mt s ngn hang ng ky vi MTTQ con s tai tr cho
quy vi ngi ngheo, sau o ho thc hin trc tip cac hoat ng h tr
ngi ngheo ch khng chuyn qua tai khoan cua MTTQ2. Nh vy, vai
tr ca MTTQ y c th coi l mt trung gian kt ni gia ngi
dn v cc t chc khc trong x hi.

Quan im ca ngi trong cuc (cn b, vin chc lm vic
trong h thng cc t chc qun chng cng)
V hi c th, i din qun l nh nc cho rng hi c th hot
ng khng hiu qu, v cn phi chm dt c ch xin - cho ngn sch
dnh cho hot ng ca cc hi ny.
Mt vic rt au xot khac o la tinh trang Hi c th la canh tay
ni dai cho cac bac v hu, lam mt c hi lam vic thc s cua i ngu
tre. Thc t, Hi hoat ng am bao ung muc ich, muc tiu nh t
ra thi it lm. Chu yu cac hi hng ti bu sa ngn sach hha nc.3
Tai Ha Ni hin nay, hi hoat ng tt nht, hiu qua nht la Hi
Ngi khuyt tt.
au n nht la cac hi c thu, cn xoa nhanh, xoa ngay vic
bao cp cac hi nay.
V on th, ngi trong cuc nhn thc rng mnh l mt c quan
ngang hng vi Nh nc, c quyn lc chnh tr tng ng.
Phng vn HN4.
Phng vn HN4.
3
Phng vn HN2.
1
2
89
MTTQ ngang hang vi Nh nc, cp tnh th ngang vi Hi ng

nhn dn/Uy ban nhn dn. Khi hp ch thng bo vi HND ch
khng phi bo co.1
Ngi trong cuc cng nhn nhn rng, h thng cc t chc qun
chng cng, c th l MTTQ l mt sang tao cua Vit Nam v khng
c cp tng ng nc ngoi2. i din ca on th H Ni
cng cho rng h thng t chc ny c vai tr quan trng cho t nc,
cn c ng v Nh nc to iu kin hot ng nhiu hn na.
3. Kho st thc a ti a bn tnh Bnh nh

Bnh nh l tnh vng duyn hi min Trung, c a bn a dng t
ng bng ven bin cho n min ni. Mc d c nhiu pht trin trong
thi gian qua, Bnh nh vn l mt tnh cn nhiu kh khn v phi xin
b sung ngn sch nh nc hng nm. Ti a phng ny, ngoi vic
lm vic vi cc c quan chc nng, i din cc t chc qun chng
cng ti thnh ph Quy Nhn, nhm nghin cu cn kho st v lm
vic ti a bn huyn min ni Ty Sn nhm tm hiu thm hot
ng ti cp c s.

Chi ph ngn sch
Tng kinh ph cp cho hi cc t chc qun chng cng trong mt
nm ca tnh Bnh nh l 82,3 t ng. Trong , ngoi tr cc on
th c t chc theo cp t cp tnh n cp thn, th a phng ny
c 525 hi c th. C 333 hi khc ang ch c cng nhn l hi
c th. S bin ch, nh bin giao cho cc hi c th l 677 ngi,
trong cp tnh l 87 ngi v cp x l 441 ngi3.
Phng vn HN4.
Phng vn HN4.
3
Bo co thng tin lin quan n quy m on th v hi c tnh cht c th trn a bn
tnh Bnh nh, 2015.
1
2
90

Cc hi thng qun l c s rt lng lo, mc ng hi ph thp,
khng ti tr cho cc hot ng ca hi1. Cc hi c th to ra
gnh nng ln v ngn sch cho a phng. Bi cc hi lc thnh lp
th t qun, t trang, nhng sau li xin kinh ph, c bit l vi cn b
c chc, c quyn v hu rt d gy p lc ln c quan nh nc2.
V vn chi ngn sch c s, i din on th cho rng kinh
ph khng hot ng hiu qu. V d nh huyn Ty Sn, ngun
thu t ngn sch huyn cho MTTQ l 916 triu ng (2015 d ton)
trong chi lng, BHXH, BHYT (chi nhn s) l 776 triu ng,
chim n 85% tng ngn sch. Phn chi cho hot ng: 140 triu
10% tit kim chi = 126 triu ng, cho a bn gm 15 n v cp x
v c 136 nghn dn3.
i vi cp di huyn (x, thn), ngun kinh ph hot ng ca
MTTQ b thu hp hn, do ch c HND cp tnh cp khong 8,5
triu ng/nm (tr 10% tit kim chi), cng vi hn 2 triu ng/nm
hot ng cho ban thanh tra nhn dn, ban gim st iu tra cng ng
(i vi MTTQ), v ch khong gn 6 triu ng i vi nhm cc on
th. Cc khon chi ph hot ng khc, c quy nh ly t ngun
thu c s khng phi do ngn sch cp trn cp v, mt s a phng
khng c ngun thu nn khng h tr c cho cc hot ng ca on
th. iu ny khin hot ng cp c s ht sc kh khn, v d nh
x on mt s a phng ch n ht thng ba l dng hot ng v
thiu kinh ph4.
Cc on th u c quy nh v ng ph hi vin, tuy vy vic
thu ph trn thc t khng t ch tiu. V d nh chi oan thanh nin it
khi thu c oan phi, v s thu c chi danh cho thi ua khen thng
nhng khng . Tuy th, quy nh cp trn vn l phi t 100%
mc on ph, nn nhiu lnh o on th cp di t b tin ra np
Phng vn B1.
Phng vn B3.
3
Phng vn B11.
4
Phng vn B9.
1
2
91
hon thnh ch tiu1. Hi Ph n c mc ng thc t cao hn (khong

80%), nhng v s hi ph qu thp nn s tin ny cng ch dng
khen thng2.
Vi hi c th, quan im ca mt s ngi trong cuc cho rng
kinh ph c cp ph thuc vo quan h chnh tr vi tnh (UBND v
HND) v vn l c ch xin cho, cha c th ch ha r rng bng
nhng quy nh ca b, ngnh Trung ng3. Hi Nh bo v Lin hip
cc hi Khoa hc K thut (VUSTA), d theo Ngh nh s 45/2010/
N-CP l cc t chc t nguyn, nhng trn thc t li do UBND tnh
qun l v cp kinh ph (theo nh Hi Nh bo th t chc ny trc
thuc UBND tnh).

V on th, Bnh nh c 7.037 ngi lm vic trong h thng
x, thn (tnh n nm 2014), cng vi s cn b trong bin ch cp
tnh, huyn ca MTTQ v cc t chc chnh tr - x hi theo quy nh4.
Con s ny tng gn gp i so vi thng k nm 2012 ca Tng cc
Thng k (4.131 ngi).
V hi c th, s ngi c Nh nc tr lng l 677 ngi trn
ton tnh.
Mc lng ca cn b on th c tnh theo bng cp nh cn b
ca cc c quan qun l nh nc, tuy vy i vi cn b c s (x tr
xung) khng c hng ph cp 55% theo quy nh dnh cho nhng
ngi lm vic trong on th. Mc lng trung bnh ca cp ph on
th ch vo khong 1,1 triu ng/thng, v 521 nghn ng/thng vi
trng ban cng tc Mt trn khu dn c5.
Phng vn B9, B13.
Phng vn B12, B10.
3
Phng vn B7, B8.
4
Bo co thng tin lin quan n quy m on th v hi c tnh cht c th trn a bn
tnh Bnh nh, 2015.
5
Phng vn B11, B14.
1
2
92

Ngoi ngun thu t ngn sch, mt s on th Bnh nh cn tn
dng c ngun qu h tr t cc ngun x hi ha. V d nh Tnh
on c chia s l on cn huy ng c t cac t chc phi chinh
phu v vn vay danh cho cac vn v mi trng, hay huy ng t
doanh nghip danh cho cac vn an sinh xa hi khong vi trm triu
ng mi nm1.
Cc t chc qun chng cng u c UBND tnh h tr v tr
s. Mt s hi quan trng (t chc chnh tr - x hi - ngh nghip nh
Hi Nh bo, VUSTA) c chu cp v phng tin i li v mt s vt
cht khc. Tuy vy, cc hi cho rng h tr nh vy l cha y . V
d nh VUSTA c xe ring nhng khng c kinh ph thu li xe.
Mt s thnh vin ca on th cho rng thi gian dnh cho cng
tc hnh chnh (vit bo co, hp) l nhiu qu mc cn thit. Mt lnh
o ca Hi Ph n huyn Ty Sn cho bit mt na thi gian trong
gi hnh chnh ca b l dnh cho i hp2.

V MTTQ, MTTQ Bnh nh l c quan gim st v thc hin cc
chng trnh an sinh x hi, tham gia cc d n t chc quc gia, thc
hin cng tc gim st tuyn truyn vn ng. Trc y ngun kinh
ph cho cc hot ng ny n t HND, do HND qun l v MTTQ
phi hp thc hin. T nm 2015 th c kinh ph cp cho MTTQ ng
ra thc hin3.
Cng ging nh H Ni, MTTQ Bnh nh cn t chc, vn
ng ngi dn tham gia cc phong tro, t vn ng nh qu V
ngi ngho. Nm 2014 thu c 13 t ng, h tr xy dng nh
cho 396 h ngho4. Nhn chung, nhim v ca MTTQ a phng ch
yu l cng tc dn vn v qun l cc qu an sinh x hi do nhn dn,
doanh nghip ng gp.
Phng vn B9.
Phng vn B12.
3
Phng vn B7.
4
Bo co hot ng MTTQ Bnh nh, 2015.
1
2
93
Tnh on Bnh nh, ngoi cc nhim v do Trung ng ra,

cn c cc hp tc vi cc t chc quc t lm d n, vn ng mnh
thng qun h tr v lm thm cc d n Nh nc giao. Ti thi im
kho st, Tnh on Bnh nh ang c giao trch nhim u t v
qun l 15 cy cu trong chng trnh xa cu kh, cu tm.
Mt s cc t chc qun chng cng khc cng t thn vn ng
trong vic tm thm i tc phi hp hot ng, qua to ra mt
ngun h tr cho t chc. V d VUSTA Bnh nh c vn ng thm
c ngun qu ti tr 48 nghn USD t UNDP cho mt d n v la
ngp mn, hay Hi Ph n tham gia d n ca Ngn hng Chu
(ADB) v xy dng nh v sinh cho ngi dn, v tham gia lm i
din tn thc vn vay ca Ngn hng Chnh sch X hi (1.200 t ng)
v Ngn hng Pht trin Nng thn (Agribank). Hi Ph n Bnh nh
cng c ngun qu cho vay khong 7 t ng. x Ty Xun (Ty
Sn), ch tch MTTQ x cho rng khon thu c c t chng trnh
ph xanh i trc do Ngn hng Th gii (World Bank) ti tr gp mt
phn ln cho ngn sch hot ng ca MTTQ x. ng lo ngi rng khi
d n kt thc th khng bit ngun b p kinh ph s ly u1.

Quan im ca ngi trong cuc
V cp c quan qun l nh nc, S Ni v Bnh nh cho rng
trn thc t vn cn s chng ln gia Nh nc v cc hi (c th).
Nhiu ngi dn cn ngh hi c th l thuc Nh nc2. Chnh sch
v hi c th cng cn c nhiu vn : cha nht qun, cha c quy
nh r rng v hu v khng hu, v giao bin ch cn nhiu bt cp
(c ch xin - cho cn nng n). iu ny to ra gnh nng ngn sch v
bin ch3. Hin tng li dng chnh sch lm li cho c nhn cn
nhiu. Cn b ca S Ni v cho rng hin Bnh nh ang c tm l
lm pht v hi. Nhiu ngi thnh lp hi ch v mc ch c nhn, v
Phng vn B14.
Phng vn B1.
3
Phng vn B3.
1
2
94

ci h s 4,0 c hng t ngn sch, ch khng phi v li ch chung
ca x hi, cn nghim tc nh gi li hiu qu hot ng ca cc hi
c th (hi ngi m thnh lp lu nht m cha c ai sng c)1.
Qun l cp thn thng thiu cht ch. C nhng ni Hi Cu
chin binh ch c mt ngi. Qun l on th, hi cn c cc vn
cp bch hi bao gm: hi vin (yu, t, khng tham gia), qun l lng
lo, qu hi cn thiu minh bch. p lc t cng tc qun l hi l rt
ln, lun i hi phi tng mc khon kinh ph, ph cp. Trong khi Nh
nc khng c v khng nh gi c cng tc hi hot ng nh
th no.
V nh gi ca cc lnh o on th t cp tnh n cp thn,
x, h cho rng nhim v ca on th ngy cng nng n, c trch
nhim cao, tuy nhin i ng cha tng xng v h thng phi hp
gia on th v Nh nc cn cha hiu qu. V d nh vi MTTQ,
chc nng gim st hi on th nhn dn hin cn lng tng cha r
rng, khng c ngi c nng lc v chuyn mn gim st tham gia.
Nu mi chuyn gia gim st th khng c chi ph tr cho h2. V mt
con ngi, mi on th cp x ch c 1,5 sut bin ch/nh bin
(trng v ph), nn vic buc h phi c tinh thn trch nhim vi
cng vic l rt kh, ty thuc rt nhiu vo mong mun cng hin
ca cn b. Mt lnh o on th huyn Ty Sn cho bit c ln
h phi cm c xe my, bn g c tin t chc hot ng cho ng
bo min ni3.
Vi hi c th, mt s hi cho rng quy nh vn cn cha r rng
v nguyn tc hot ng, cha c vn bn php quy quy nh cc h
tr t Nh nc c mc c th nh th no. V d, theo quy nh h
tr th Hi Nh bo c tr s ring v c cp xe ring, nhng ring
Bnh nh th khng c nhn. V mt hot ng, cha c quy ch
Phng vn B2.
Phng vn B11.
3
Phng vn B11, B13.
1
2
95
phi hp r rng gia cc bn, nn cc hi khi nhn ch o hot ng

th gp nhiu kh khn1.
4. Kho st thc a ti a bn tnh Kin Giang

Kin Giang l tnh c quy m dn s v din tch ln nht khu vc ng
bng sng Cu Long, c a hnh a dng (ni, bin o, ng bng).
Hin, y cng l a phng nhn c nhiu s quan tm ca chnh
quyn trong vic pht trin kinh t, vi cc d n c khu kinh t Ph
Quc v xy dng cc khu cng nghip ti thnh ph Rch Gi.

Chi ph ngn sch
Tng chi ph ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng trn a
bn tnh Kin Giang c tnh t khong gn 100 t ng trong nm
quyt ton 20122. Kinh ph c tnh theo bin ch hoc mc nh bin
nh cc a phng khc. Kinh ph trung bnh hng nm cho on th
cp c s (x) ri vo khong 14 - 18 triu ng/t chc3.
Tng t Bnh nh, on th c s cho rng h cng gp
kh khn do kinh ph hn hp. Th on H Tin c cp kinh ph
hot ng khong 60 triu VND/nm. Tuy vy, nu c s thy kh
khn th vn c th xin thm phn ngn sch ngoi d ton t UBND
tnh, thng c xt duyt trong vng 15 ngy4. V d nh trong
nm 2014 hot ng th on trn 100 triu ng, t chc cc hot
ng phi xin ngoi ngn sch 30 triu ng. cp c s (x), nhiu
chi hi ca cc on th ch c khong 600 - 900 nghn ng/thng
hot ng, cn cp huyn thng c khong 50 triu ng. Tuy
vy, nu huyn no c kh nng x hi ha tt th c th vn ng
Phng vn B7, B8.
S liu c tnh da trn quy m chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng ng bng sng
Cu Long.
3
Phng vn KG12.
4
Phng vn KG11.
1
2
96

qu hot ng ln ti 200 triu ng1. Trung bnh mt t chc on
th c khong hn 40 triu ng/nm cp th trn. Mt cn b on
th cho rng mc kinh ph nu ni th cng cha hn l , tha
th cng cha hn l tha, ty theo mnh xi2. khu vc th th
ngn sch cao hn do c nhiu phong tro hot ng hn khu vc
nng thn.
Vi cc hi c th, kinh ph cng c cp theo nh bin. V d
nh VUSTA Kin Giang c cp khong gn 1 t ng mi nm3. Ch
tch VUSTA Kin Giang cho rng con s ny m bo chi thng
xuyn, nhng khng t chc cc chng trnh ca hi4.

Bin ch cho cc t chc on th mi huyn l 5 ngi, bt k
din tch v quy m hnh chnh ca a phng5. Tnh s b, cp tnh
c khong 130 ngi, cp huyn khong 400 ngi, v cp x, phng
khong gn 2.000 cn b c hng lng, ph cp ca Nh nc.
Vi s ngi lm vic cho cc t chc on th cp thn, xm, khi,
con s ny ri vo khong 5.000 7.000 ngi. Tng cc Thng k
(2012) cho bit s ngi lm vic cho cc t chc qun chng cng ti
Kin Giang l 4.687 ngi. Cng tng t Bnh nh, mc thu nhp
theo quy nh ca cn b lm vic cho cc c quan on th l thp
cp c s (x, thn). Ch tch MTTQ cp x l cng chc, c hng
khong 1,4 triu ng/thng, v cp ph l khong 600 nghn ng/
thng6. Mt cn b ca MTTQ th x H Tin cho bit thu nhp ca anh
l 31 triu ng/nm, khng c ph cp i li, phi tr gip v bn bnh
canh bui sng mi tin sinh hot7.
Phng vn KG6.
Phng vn KG9.
3
Phng vn KG7.
4
Phng vn KG7.
5
Phng vn KG6.
6
Bo co mt s ni dung lin quan n cng tc MTTQ trn a bn tnh Kin Giang, 2015.
7
Phng vn KG9.
1
2
97
V cc hi c th, s cn b c hng bin ch tng t cc a

phng khc, trung bnh t 5 - 9 bin ch. VUSTA Kin Giang c 5 sut
bin ch v 2 nhn vin hp ng thu ngoi theo sut nh bin.
Cc t chc on th c cp tr s lm vic tng i khang
trang v rng ri, nhng v tr thun li ti trung tm thnh ph.
MTTQ Kin Giang c cp 3 xe ring (4 ch, 8 ch v 12 ch), v
theo t chc ny, cc t chc on th khc cng c cp xe ty theo
c th lm vic (Tnh on c cp xe 24 ch, Hi Ph n c cp
mt chic 4 ch v 1 chic 12 ch)1. Quan im ca on th cp tnh
Kin Giang cho rng h tr ca a phng l tng i tt so vi cc
tnh trong khu vc ng bng sng Cu Long2.
T chc on cp tnh v cp th x cn c cc n v trc thuc, c
th l cung thiu nhi, trung tm dy ngh, v trung tm hot ng thanh
thiu nin. y l nhng t chc hot ng theo nguyn tc t thu, t
chi, v khng c ng gp g cho hot ng ca t chc on3. Thm
ch c n v cn lm n thua l4.
Ngoi ngun ngn sch, mt s on th, c bit l on thanh
nin v Hi Ph n, c thm ngun x hi ha, tc huy ng t pha
doanh nghip v ngi dn. Hi Ph n cho bit ngun vn x hi ha
ca hi nm 2014 l gn 1 t ng. Hai on th trn cng rt tch cc
trong vic tm kim cc i tc bn ngoi thc hin d n, ng thi
c thm kinh ph hot ng. Lnh o Hi Ph n cho bit ngun ph
qun l h c trch li t qu tn thc ca Ngn hng Chnh sch X
hi (VBSP) m bo n 50% ngn sch hot ng cho hi.
Cc hi c th c b tr tr s lm vic, tuy vy, theo kin ca
mt lnh o hi c th, th chnh quyn tnh vn cha quan tm n
hot ng ca cc hi. C th, mi ch c s t hi c cng nhn l
Phng vn KG1.
Phng vn KG1, KG5, KG6.
3
Phng vn KG5, KG10, KG11.
4
Phng vn KG10.
1
2
98

hi c th, s cn li khng c ngn sch h tr (hi vin VUSTA ch
c 3/15 hi c cng nhn l c th, nn khng c kinh ph h tr)1.
th x H Tin, mt lnh o on th cho bit vic huy ng
ng gp t cc doanh nghip nhiu khi khng hiu qu, do cc doanh
nghip ng gp qu nhiu cho cc hot ng khc ca chnh quyn2.
Mt cn b cp x ni h ngi i xin h tr t cng ng doanh nghip
xung quanh, bi bit doanh nghip phi ng gp nhiu cho cc t
chc khc. C nhng doanh nghip ng gp mt ln ngay t u nm
trnh b xin tin trong nm3.
Cn b lm vic trong on th cng cho rng thi gian h lm
nhng cng vic hnh chnh (c ni mt thng vit 10 bo co4, hp
gia cc ban ngnh thng xuyn) l qu nhiu, khin h xao lng,
khng tp trung vo cng vic.

V c bn, MTTQ Kin Giang cng c cc nhim v tng t nh
cc a phng khc, l cng tc dn vn trong cc phong tro,
vn ng qun chng; phi hp vi cc c quan qun l nh nc trong
cc nhim v gim st, phn bin x hi, cng nh cc vn lin quan
n an sinh5. V mt nh gi hot ng, MTTQ tnh Kin Giang c
nhiu hot ng c kt qu c th, r rng hn hai t chc Bnh nh
v H Ni.
Ring v cng tc vn ng ngi dn gp qu, MTTQ Kin Giang
huy ng c khong 70 t ng tin qu V ngi ngho trong
nm qua, v gn 200 t ng tin vn ng cc loi qu an sinh x hi
khc6. Ngoi ra, MTTQ Kin Giang c UBND tnh cho b tr x l
Phng vn KG7.
Phng vn KG10.
3
Phng vn KG13.
4
Phng vn KG10.
5
Bo co mt s ni dung lin quan n cng tc MTTQ trn a bn tnh Kin Giang, 2015.
6
Phng vn KG2.
1
2
99
cc vn lin quan n khiu ni, t co trong tnh1, iu chng t

nng lc v hiu qu ca t chc ny. Tuy vy, MTTQ cho rng h cha
lm tt cng tc gim st, phn bin do cha nng lc thc hin2.
MTTQ Kin Giang cn h tr 1 t ng/nm mua bo i on Kt
cho cc cp di3.
Vi cc t chc on th khc, do c th ca mt tnh c bin
gii vi nc khc, ngoi cc hot ng c giao nh Bnh nh v
H Ni, cc t chc ny cn phi y mnh hot ng i ngoi. Khi
on nghin cu n lm vic ti tnh on Kin Giang, n v ny va
hon thnh cng tc n tip on Thanh nin ca ng Nhn dn
Campuchia t tnh Kam Pt sang giao lu. Lnh o tnh on Kin
Giang v th on H Tin cho bit, hng nm on Thanh nin c
sang giao lu, tng qu cho ng bo Vit kiu cc tnh vng bin ti
Campuchia, ng thi giao lu vi on Thanh nin ca cc tnh thuc
nc bn4.
Vi Hi Ph n, t chc ny thc hin hot ng theo bn ban
chuyn mn, mi ban gm ba thnh vin. Ngoi cc nhim v chnh l
tuyn truyn, vn ng chnh sch lin quan n ph n nh tnh hi
cc a phng khc, Hi Ph n Kin Giang cn m nhim thm
cc nhim v c th vi tnh hnh a phng, in hnh l Trung tm
H tr ph n kt hn vi ngi nc ngoi. Hi Ph n Kin Giang
cho bit, trung tm mi nm tr gip khong 300 ngi c nhu cu5.
Mt lnh o ca Hi cho bit chi ph hot ng ca Hi Ph n ri
vo khong gn 4 t ng/nm, tuy vy cc nhim v m ng thm
hoc do c th ca a phng th khng c cp kinh ph, v d vic
thm cc gia nh, chin s hi o.
Phng vn KG2.
Phng vn KG1.
3
Phng vn KG3.
4
Phng vn KG5, KG10.
5
Phng vn KG6.
1
2
100

Quan im ca ngi trong cuc
Cc on th cho rng ch chnh sch cp c s cn kh khn.
Cp trn cng vic t hn cp x (phng) nhng lng li cao hn (cp
x phng gn dn hn nn nhim v nhiu hn v cng khng c tr
cp thm)1. Theo li ca mt lnh o on th cp x, cn b cp c
c b phn bit i x v ph cp (n th qun, vic th nh2). iu
ny khin cho vic tm cn b cp c s lm vic v gi h li l vn
nan gii3.
Thm vo , lnh o on th c s cho rng cc b ch tiu do
cp trn (Trung ng, tnh) ra cho cp c s cn qu cao, mang tnh
p t v tp trung vo s lng hn l cht lng. H cho rng ch cn
duy tr mc hi vin, hot ng nh hin ti l rt kh ri4.
5. Mt s kt lun t thc a
- Cc t chc qun chng cng c t chc hnh chnh nh b
my nh nc, nhng lng lo, khng c quan h cp trn cp di,
t ch v ti chnh tng cp. on th cp di nhn nhim v ca
cp trn th s c hng ngn sch t trn. Cp trn khng c quyn
ch o cp di, m ch hng dn hot ng (HN4). T chc
Trung ng khng c quyn yu cu cp di bo co c th vic chi
tiu, cn ngun thu ca cc cp di do tng a phng cp di bo
m (TW1).
- Bin ch cng theo tng cp (H Ni c 44 bin ch sau khi
sp nhp vi H Ty). D khc bit v a bn hot ng, dn s a
phng, con s bin ch hot ng cng ch c nh (th on H Tin).
Quy m kinh t khng nh hng n vic tng hay gim bin ch. Chi
ph cho bin ch chim phn ln nht trong c cu chi ca MTTQ, on
Phng vn KG9.
Phng vn KG15.
3
Phng vn KG2, KG6.
4
Phng vn KG10, KG11.
1
2
101
th, v cc hi c th a phng. C ni ring khon chi cho cc bin

ch chim n hn 90% ngn sch hot ng.
- Cp qun l nh nc (S Ni v) cho rng cng tc qun l hi
l kh khn do khng c v khng nh gi c hiu qu hot ng
ca hi, trong khi cp c s ca cc hi, on th th cho rng hot ng
ca h khng hiu qu do thiu thn v mt bin ch, ph tr cp, kinh
ph hot ng (B1-B14).
- Xu hng hnh chnh ha trong cc t chc qun chng cng
ngy cng mnh, chng t vic cc t chc ny ngy cng m nhim
nhiu nhim v c giao hn. Nu coi cc t chc qun chng cng l
trung gian gia b my chnh quyn v ngi dn, th c v nh cc t
chc ny nghing nhiu hn v pha chnh quyn. Trn phng din b
my t chc, dng nh cc t chc ny ang dn c t chc theo
hng m rng ra m nhim thm nhiu nhim v. V d nh chun
b thnh lp cc t tham vn lin nhm c th ha nhim v gim st
ca MTTQ (KG1).
- V mt hot ng, MTTQ c nhim v hot ng khng khc ban
dn vn bn ng. Hot ng ca t dn vn v Ban dn vn u vn
ng qun chng hay c th ni va trng lp va khng trng lp,
nh mt cn b MTTQ ni. Tuy nhin, ngun kinh ph th khc nhau.
(Trc y, mt s a phng gp hai t chc ny lm mt, nhng sau
ny li tch ra)1. nhiu a phng, ch tch mt trn thng kim
nhim lun c trng ban dn vn (KG1).
- Hot ng ca on th, MTTQ, cng nh hi c th, ph thuc
rt ln vo i ng cn b, lnh o ca t chc. Mt i ng tr, c
quan h tt vi chnh quyn a phng, th d nhn c nhiu s quan
tm, h tr hn v c kinh ph ln iu kin hot ng.
- Cc t chc qun chng cng c i ng nh cc c quan
chnh quyn nh nc, c cp tr s, xe ring (ty c quan v a
1
Phng vn KG9.
102

phng). Mt s hi c th ni rng t chc ca h trc thuc UBND
tnh, v kinh ph ph thuc vo tnh theo c ch xin - cho (trnh d
ton v c hi ng ph duyt). cp di (x, phng), nhiu ni
tr s ca cc t chc qun chng cng nm bn trong ta nh chnh
quyn (tr s HND v UBND). V mt qun l hnh chnh, cc t
chc qun chng cng trn thc t l cnh tay ni di ca nh nc
trong khng gian x hi dn s.
- Tt c cc a phng nghin cu thc a u cho bit cc cp
cao (TW, tnh), h khng gp nhiu kh khn v ti chnh. Nhng cp
huyn tr xung th cn b lm vic trong cc t chc qun chng cng
cho rng ngn qu cn hn hp hot ng hiu qu. nhiu x, hot
ng on ch n thng ba l ngng hot ng v ht kinh ph.
- V mt con ngi, nu xt theo tng c s th khng nhiu, mt
s a phng cn din ra tnh trng thiu nhn lc trm trng. Tuy vy,
h thng cc t chc qun chng cng gp phi hai vn chnh: phn
b ng u theo tng cp hnh chnh, ch khng theo hiu qu v yu
cu thc tin. C mt s a phng nh x Ty Xun (Ty Sn, Bnh
nh), hi Cu chin binh ch c mt thnh vin nhng vn c thnh
lp v cp kinh ph (B14). Ngoi ra, vic phn phi mc chi tiu cho
bin ch khng hiu qu v cng bng: ngi lm nhiu hng t, ngi
lm t li hng nhiu. Cn b cp c s, vn phi hot ng nhiu hn,
li khng c hng 55% ph cp nh cn b cp trn. Trong khi ,
phn chi cho bin ch mt s ni chim ti 90% ngn sch hot
ng (B11, B14).
- Mc d t l thu hi ph lun t 100%, nhng vic thu hi ph
cp c s ca cc t chc qun chng cng l rt kh khn tt c cc
a phng. Ch yu cc t chc ny t bt phn tin lnh c t hi
ph ng b vo khon cn thiu m bo ch tiu thi ua.
- Cc t chc ny c nhiu d n phi hp vi cc i tc/nh ti
tr trong nc v nc ngoi, thm ch ngun thu t nhng d n
m bo phn ln kinh ph hot ng cho on th mt s ni (v d
103
MTTQ x Ty Xun, Ty Sn, Hi Ph n mt s c s tnh Kin

Giang). Tuy vy, thng tin c th v ti chnh khng c cc t chc
qun chng cng a phng chia s chi tit.
- on th, c bit l on thanh nin v Hi Ph n, tch cc x
hi ha hot ng, tc vn ng ng gp t bn ngoi (KG5). y l
du hiu cho thy mc cnh tranh thu ht ngun lc x hi t cc
t chc ny ang ngy cng ln.
104
CHNG VII
Mt s kt lun
v hm chnh sch
H thng cc t chc qun chng cng tn ti trong mt thi gian
di, thm ch trc khi t nc ginh c c lp. Trong qu trnh
thnh lp v pht trin ca mnh, h thng ny ng gp nhng vai
tr ht sc quan trng trong cuc u tranh gii phng t nc, cng
nh trong cng cuc xy dng, pht trin kinh t - x hi ca Vit Nam
trong thi bnh, c bit t nm 1986.
Tuy vy, h thng cng bc l khng t nhng mt bt cp. MTTQ
Vit Nam v 5 on th (Hi Ph n, Hi Nng dn, on Thanh nin,
Cng on v Hi Cu chin binh), cng nhiu hi c th c hng
nhiu u i t nh nc v x hi, c phn b ngn sch hot ng,
tuy vy, chi ph kinh t v hiu qu hot ng ca cc t chc ny vn
l mt cu hi ln cha c li p. iu ny khng ch khin hot ng
ca h thng tr nn km minh bch, thiu hiu qu, m cn to ra tm
l khng hi lng trong mt s b phn qun chng, c bit l trong
hon cnh ngn sch cn hn hp v n cng tng cao.
Nghin cu ca Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR)
mong mun khi u cho nhng tm hiu su hn v h thng cc t
chc qun chng cng, nhm nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca cc t
chc ny, ng gp vo qu trnh pht trin, tin b chung ca t nc.
Qua qu trnh nghin cu, nhm c mt s kt lun sau:
H thng cc t chc qun chng cng c vai tr quan trng trong
i sng x hi. Cc t chc ny khng ch thc hin nhim v lm
105
ng dy truyn ti t nh nc n ngi dn, m cn thc hin

mt s cc nhim v mang li li ch rt ln cho cng ng: nng cao
i sng ngi dn, tng cng s kt ni, tng tr ca cng ng v
h tr ngi dn trong cc hot ng kinh t - x hi.
Tuy vy, nghin cu cho thy h thng ny bc l nhiu vn
ng ch .
Th nht, cc t chc ny ang ri vo mt qu trnh nh nc
ha, hnh chnh ha kh mnh, th hin b my bin ch cng knh,
h thng t chc tng i thiu linh hot, chng cho trong hot ng.
Thm vo , m hnh t chc hot ng ca cc t chc qun chng
cng cn cha thch ng vi s pht trin ca x hi, cha thu ht c
qun chng tham gia trong bi cnh kinh t - x hi hin nay.
Th hai, c ch hot ng ca h thng cha c quy nh c th,
r rng, cha thc t, khin vic thc hin cc nhim v ng theo chc
nng cn kh khn. C nhng nhim v, v d gim st, thanh tra, phn
bin, cc t chc trn hon ton khng c kh nng chuyn mn,
ngun lc, v quyn lc chnh tr hin thc ha.
Th ba, cc t chc trn c nh nc bao cp (MTTQ, on th)
hoc h tr (hi c th) bng ngn sch, v hng nhiu c quyn t
v tr ca mnh trong x hi. Theo c tnh ca nhm nghin cu, chi
ph kinh t ca x hi cho h thng cc t chc qun chng cng hng
nm dao ng t 45,6 nghn t ng n 68,1 nghn t ng, trong
chi ngn sch nh nc c vo khong 14 nghn t ng. Ton b chi
ph x hi cho nhm cc t chc ny tng ng t 1 - 1,7% GDP ca
c nc. Tuy vy, c ch phn b ngn sch cho h thng ny vn cha
c th, c bit l h thng hi c th. Vic quyt nh hi no c
nhn h tr t nh nc cha c nguyn tc r rng, cha c tiu ch
thng nht, d dn n tnh trng thiu minh bch, cng bng trong vic
phn b ngn sch cho cc t chc.
Th t, cc t chc qun chng cng c quyn thnh lp cc
n v s nghip trc thuc, nhiu trong s tham gia hot ng trong
106
Mt s kt lun v hm chnh sch

nn kinh t, theo ch trng ca ng, Nh nc nhm a dng ha cc
ngun thu h tr cho cc hot ng ca cc t chc ny1. Tuy vy,
vic qun l h thng cc n v ny cn gp rt nhiu kh khn, c
bit lin quan n vn ti chnh.
Th nm, chnh sch v nhn lc mt s t chc, a phng cn
cha c thng nht. Cha c c ch, tiu ch c th cho vic tuyn
dng v s dng nhn s nhm cc t chc ny. Ngoi ra, ang c s
bt bnh ng v quyn li gia nhm nhn s lm vic cho cc t chc
qun chng cng cp trn (Trung ng, tnh/thnh, huyn) vi cp c
s (x tr xung).
Vi nhng kt lun trn, nhm nghin cu xin a ra mt s khuyn
ngh chnh sch nh sau:
Khuyn ngh 1: Cn phi c mt vn bn php l c tnh bao trm
cao hn, c th l xy dng mt Lut ring v cc t chc qun chng
cng, hoc mt phn quan trng trong Lut v hi ni chung, nhm tng
cng qun l nh nc v cc t chc qun chng cng. Hin cc t
chc MTTQ v on th, cng nh mt s cc t chc chnh tr - x hi,
ngh nghip c lut ring iu chnh, tuy vy, cc lut ny li nm ring
r v khng to ra c c s php l vng chc Nh nc qun l
mt cch hiu qu.
Khuyn ngh 2: Cn phi c quy nh cht ch hn v qun l ti
chnh ca cc t chc qun chng cng. Do cc t chc ny c c ch
tip nhn ngn sch tng t nh cc c quan hnh chnh, cn yu cu
cng khai, minh bch chi tiu trong bo co ti chnh hng nm trc
ban gim st v cng chng. Cn phi c c ch gim st, cht vn hot
ng ti chnh ca cc t chc ny. MTTQ Vit Nam, vi t cch l lin
minh chnh tr ca cc t chc trn, nn m trch nhim v ny.
Khuyn ngh 3: Cn nng cao vai tr thc t (de facto) ca MTTQ
Vit Nam, t chc ny m nhn trch nhim nh l mt t chc
1
Phng vn chuyn gia
107
qun l khi cc t chc qun chng cng, c bit l cp a phng.

Nhm nghin cu xut gp cc c quan cc t chc qun chng cng
cp x vo di s qun l ca MTTQ. iu ny khng nhng gip
tit kim chi ph hot ng cho b my, m cn nng cao hiu qu hot
ng thc cht cp c s.
Khuyn ngh 4: Cn sa i c ch phn b ngn sch nh nc
cc t chc qun chng cng theo hng gim bt tnh hnh chnh ha
ca h thng, gim ch bao cp v c ch xin - cho, tp trung nhiu
hn vo hiu qu hot ng ca t chc. Nn xem xt li chnh sch
bin ch theo hng tinh gin h thng t chc, tp trung vo nhng
nhim v c giao thay v bin ch, gip t chc hot ng mt cch
gn gng v linh ng hn.
Khuyn ngh 5: Cn gn chc nng v nhim v ca cc t chc
qun chng cng vi nng lc, ngun lc ca tng t chc v tng a
phng, tp trung vo nhng nhim v c tnh thc t v ph hp hn.
Kho st kt hp vi nghin cu ti bn cho thy, kh nng thc hin
nhng nhim v nh gim st, phn bin ca MTTQ, on th l v
cng kh khn v khng hiu qu. Trong khi , ph bin chnh sch,
h tr v kt ni cng ng pht trin kinh t, ng thi tip nhn
kin ng gp ca ngi dn gi n chnh quyn l nhng nhim v
m nhm t chc ny hot ng tng i tt.
Khuyn ngh 6: Bi b chnh sch cp ngn sch hot ng cho
hi c th theo bin ch, ch cp ngn sch nh nc khi thc hin
cc nhim v Nh nc giao (nu c). Tng bc a cc t chc ny
ra khi s bao cp ca ngn sch nh nc, hot ng theo c ch t
nguyn nh nhng t chc x hi khc.
Khuyn ngh 8: Vi cc nhim v Nh nc giao ph cho cc t
chc hi c th thc hin, cn cng b cng khai theo cc hnh thc
u thu cung cp dch v, nhm tng cng s cnh tranh, nng cao
hiu qu hot ng ca cc hi, thc y s pht trin lnh mnh ca
dch v cng.
108

Khuyn ngh 9: Cn r sot, nh gi li nng lc kinh t, ti chnh
ca cc n v kinh t trc thuc ca cc t chc qun chng cng. p
dng chnh sch x hi ha vi cc n v ny, tng bc xa b s
ph thuc v mt ngn sch v danh ngha ca nhng n v vi nh
nc. Cng vi , xem xt tin hnh c phn ha cc doanh nghip
trc thuc, tch cc doanh nghip ra khi t chc m v hot ng mt
cch c lp theo nguyn tc ca kinh t th trng.
109
Trng hp in hnh H thng nh ngh cng on

H thng nh ngh cng on l mt trong nhng hot ng mang li
ngun li nhun ln cho Cng on. Khi u vi mc tiu xy dng
mt h thng nh ngh phc v nhu cu ca ngi lao ng, n nay
cc nh ngh cng on u hng n mc ch thng mi v hot
ng nh mt doanh nghip, tuy nhin n vn c mt s lin kt cht
ch vi cng on.

Tng quan v h thng nh ngh cng on trn ton quc
Cng on (Tng lin on Lao ng Vit Nam) l t chc i din
cho li ch ca ngi lao ng. Theo iu 26, Chng IV, Lut Cng
on, chi ph hot ng ca cng on n t ngun ngn sch, vin
tr; t ng gp ca ngi s dng lao ng, ngi lao ng v cc
hot ng kinh t ca cng on.
Cc hot ng kinh t ca cng on bao gm cc dch v du lch,
nh hng, nh ngh v mt s hot ng kinh t khc. Cc nh ngh
cng on hot ng vi t cch l mt doanh nghip theo Lut doanh
nghip vi c ch t ch thu chi. Trc y, ngun u t xy dng c
s h tng ca cc nh ngh cng on c ly t ngn sch, tuy nhin
hin nay ngun u t ny c huy ng thng qua hnh thc vay
mn ti cc ngn hng thng mi.

Tnh hnh phn b ca h thng nh ngh cng on
H thng nh khch cng on c 89 nh khch v khch sn trn
ton quc, trong tp trung vo mt s khu vc chnh l Bc Trung
110

b, ng bng sng Cu Long, ng bng sng Hng. Ti mi tnh, h
thng nh khch v khch sn cng on thng nm cc v tr thun
li v mt du lch, ngh dng (gn cc a im ngh dng, hoc ti
cc khu vc trung tm).
Hnh 20: Phn b nh ngh cng on trn c nc
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi
Tnh trn quy m c nc, chng ta c 63 tnh v thnh ph trc

thuc Trung ng, trong c 10 tnh khng c h thng nh ngh
cng on1.
10 tnh ny bao gm: Bc Giang, Bc Kn, Bnh Phc, k Nng, ng Thp, Hu Giang,
Hng Yn, Lai Chu, Ninh Bnh v Tr Vinh.
1
111

Bng 14: Phn b h thng nh ngh cng on
S tnh phn theo s lng nh ngh
Vng
0 nh
ngh
Bc Trung b
ng Bc b
1 nh
ngh
1
4
ng bng sng Cu Long
ng bng sng Hng
ng Nam b
Duyn hi Nam Trung b
2 nh
ngh
4
2
3 nh
ngh
Ty Bc b
Ty Nguyn
4 nh
ngh
1
7 nh
ngh
1
1
Ngun: Tng hp ca tc gi
C th thy cc tnh c t ba nh ngh tr ln nm ri rc trn cc

khu vc (tr Ty Nguyn v Ty Bc B). y u l nhng khu vc
c kinh t pht trin (H Ni, B Ra - Vng Tu) hoc thun li v mt
du lch, ngh dng (H Tnh, Qung Nam, H Giang, C Mau, Nam
nh). Tuy nhin, khng phi nh ngh cng on no trong cc tnh k
trn cng hot ng quanh nm, chng hn nh ngh Cng on Gio
dc H Tnh ch hot ng theo ma v1.
Bng 15: Cc tnh c s lng nh ngh cng on ln
Vng
3 nh ngh
4 nh ngh
6 nh ngh
Bc Trung b
H Tnh
ng Bc b
H Giang
C Mau
Nam nh
H Ni
ng Nam b
B Ra Vng Tu
Duyn hi Nam Trung b
Qung Nam
ng bng sng Cu Long

ng bng sng Hng
Theo Ch tch Cng on huyn Cm Xuyn, H Tnh.
112

Gi c v chi ph hot ng
V gi c, nh ngh cng on thng c gi thp hn hoc ngang
bng vi nhng nh ngh trong khu vc. Tuy nhin, mt s khch sn
cng on cng hng ti phc v nhng i tng cao cp hn, do
cng c mc gi cao hn. Chng hn ti Khch sn Cng on Ca L,
ngoi cc phng c gi theo mt bng chung trong khu vc t 500 - 600
ngn ng/ngy th khch sn cn c cc phng hng sang dnh cho
khch c nhu cu vi mc gi 1 - 2 triu ng/ngy. Chi ph hot ng
ca nh ngh cng on da vo ngun li nhun thu c t hot ng
kinh doanh, ngoi ra cng c thm mt ngun kinh ph khc c cp
t cng on1.
Mt im ng lu l cc nh ngh cng on hu nh c rt t
knh qung b hnh nh. Ngoi tr mt s nh ngh, khch sn ln v
cc nh ngh trc thuc Tng Lin on Lao ng, cc nh ngh cng
on khc thng ch qung b hnh nh thng qua cng thng tin in
t ca a phng.
Dng phng php c lng thng k, gi tr ti sn ca h thng
nh ngh cng on trn ton quc c c tnh l trn 43 nghn t
ng bao gm gi tr t (tnh theo gi t ) v gi tr ti sn trn t
(vi t l gi tr bt ng sn/gi tr t = 0,17)2. Ly mc sinh li ca
doanh nghip nh nc trong nm 2014 (15%) lm c s tnh ton, th
chi ph c hi t bt ng sn ca khi nh ngh, khch sn cng on
nm 2014 l 6,45 nghn t ng.
tnh ton gi tr ti sn cng on, nhm nghin cu phn b h thng nh ngh thnh
ba nhm bao gm (i) Cc nh ngh cng on ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh v H Ni, (ii) cc
nh ngh cng on ven bin v (iii) cc nh ngh cng on cn li. i vi cc nh ngh
nhm (ii), chng ti c tnh gi tr trung bnh mi nh ngh da trn gi tr trung bnh ca
cc nh ngh ti Nha Trang - Khnh Ha, Ca L - Ngh An v Qung Ninh. Vi cc nh ngh
nhm (iii), chng ti c tnh gi tr trung bnh mi nh ngh da trn gi tr trung ca ca
cc nh ngh ti cc tnh Thi Nguyn, Bc Ninh, Sn La, Ty Ninh, Kon Tum, Cn Th. Tnh
ton chi tit th hin ph lc 2.
2
Theo Ch tch Cng on huyn Cm Xuyn, H Tnh.
1
113

Kt lun
Nhn chung h thng nh ngh cng on c phn b kh ng
u trn ton quc, trong cc khu vc pht trin v kinh t, du lch
thng c mt nh ngh cao hn.
H thng nh ngh cng on p ng c nhu cu ca khch
hng vi mc gi phi chng, tuy nhin cng sut hot ng ca mt
s nh ngh cng on ch mc trung bnh chng hn Nh ngh Cng
on Gio dc H Tnh ch hot ng trong ma h, cn cc ma cn
li trong nm c cho thu mn li.
Cc nh ngh cng on ngy cng hot ng theo c th th trng,
biu hin vic cc nh ngh hot ng theo Lut doanh nghip,
ng thi huy ng ngun lc u t xy mi thng qua ngn hng
thng mi. Tuy nhin, hot ng ca nh ngh cng on vn c mt
s lin kt cht ch vi cng on a phng hoc Tng lin on. Mt
mt, gim c nh ngh cng on l thnh vin c ch nh bi cng
on a phng hoc Tng lin on, mt khc, mt phn li nhun
ca nh ngh cng on vn c ng gp tr li cho cng on.
Bn cnh , cng on a phng cng c trch nhim h tr kinh ph
bo tr, sa cha nh ngh cng on nu cn.
Hnh 21: Phn b nh ngh cng on trn ton quc.

Bn hnh chnh nc CHXHCN Vit Nam, Nxb Bn (2013).
116
Cc tnh
ven bin
H Ni
2 thnh
ph ln
35
Q. Ty H
20,3
9
Tx. Mng Ci
Tp. H Long
Qung Ninh
12
Tx. Ca L
Ngh An
11,25
TP. Nha Trang
59,8
29
Q. Long Bin
12,4
80
Q. Hon Kim
Q. 1
52
Q. Hai B
Trng
Q. Bnh Thnh
74
Gi
t ti
cc a
im
xy nh
ngh
(triu
ng)
Q. Hon Kim
Qun/
Huyn/
X
Khnh Ha
TP. H Ch
Minh
Tnh thnh
Khu vc
34.000
1.620
1.176
1.700
2.400
3.000
5.600
2.800
750
500
8.100
Din
tch
t(m2)
306.000
32.886
14.112
19.125
143.520
37.200
196.000
81.200
60.000
26.000
599.400
Gi tr
t
(triu
ng)
1.800.000
193.447,1
83.011,76
112.500
844.235,3
218.823,5
1.152.941
477.647,1
352.941,2
152.941,2
3.525.882
Gi tr
bt ng
sn (triu
ng)
2.106.000
226.333,1
97.123,76
131.625
987.755,3
256.023,5
1.348.941
558.847,1
412.941,2
178.941,2
4.125.282
Tng gi tr
ti sn (triu
ng)
640.270,5
1.124.105
Gi tr
trung
bnh ca
mi nh
ngh ti
tng khu
vc (triu
ng)
Ph lc 2: Tnh ton gi tr ti sn nh ngh, khch sn cng on
45
S nh
ngh
trong
cng khu
vc
28.812.171
10.116.941
Tng gi tr ti
sn (triu ng)
117
TP. Sn La
Tx. Ty Ninh
H. i T
TP. Kon Tum
TP. Bc Ninh
TP. Cn Th
Sn La
Thi Nguyn
Kon Tum
Bc Ninh
Cn Th
Cc tnh
cn li
Qun/
Huyn/
X
Ty Ninh
Tnh thnh
Khu vc
19,5
10,5
10,5
Gi
t ti
cc a
im
xy nh
ngh
(triu
ng)
2.210
2.000
2.310
4.000
840
1.680
Din
tch
t
(m2)
11.050
39.000
16.170
24.000
8.820
17.640
Gi tr
t
(triu
ng)
65.000
229.411,8
95.117,65
141.176,5
51.882,35
103.764,7
Gi tr bt
ng sn
(triu
ng)
76.050
268.411,8
111.287,6
165.176,5
60.702,35
121.404,7
Tng gi tr
ti sn (triu
ng)
133.838,8
Gi tr
trung
bnh ca
mi nh
ngh ti
tng khu
vc (triu
ng)
35
S nh
ngh
trong
cng khu
vc
4.684.359
Tng gi tr ti
sn (triu ng)
Ph lc 1
Tng quan mi trng

cc t chc x hi Vit Nam
THS. NGUYN KHC GIANG
VIN NGHIN CU KINH T V CHNH SCH (VEPR)
1. nh ngha t chc x hi
Nhc n cc t chc x hi phi i km vi mi trng pht trin nui
dng v hnh thnh cc t chc ny, l x hi dn s. X hi dn s
l mt trong ba tr ct c bn ca x hi, cng vi cng ng kinh t v
cng ng chnh tr (Howard, 2003).
Thut ng x hi dn s (civil society) vn c s dng t
thi Hy Lp v La M c i cch y hn 2000 nm. Tuy th, phi k
t th k XVIII vi Thomas Paine v Georg Hegel, x hi dn s mi
c dng ch khng gian ca cc c nhn t lin kt vi nhau c
lp vi nh nc (Carothers, 2000). Sau Th chin th Hai, c bit l
giai on 1970 - 1990 khi phong tro chng c ti lan rng, thut ng
x hi dn s tr nn ph bin, c cho l tng ln ca th k
XXI (Edward, 2004).
Do c im lch s cng nh quan im khc nhau v thc
h, x hi dn s l mt thut ng v cng phc tp v gy ra nhiu
tranh ci (Heinrich, 2005). Nhng nhn chung, cc nh ngha u cho
rng gc r ca x hi dn s l quyn lp hi v t chc ca c nhn
c lp vi chnh quyn, coi l nn tng ca mt ch dn ch
119
(Powell, 2009). Ht nhn ca x hi dn s, v th, l cc t chc lin

kt cc c nhn trong x hi.
Mt trong nhng nh ngha v x hi dn s c s dng ph
bin l ca Ngn hng Th gii (World Bank):
X hi dn s l tp hp cc t chc c lp vi chnh quyn v
khng v mc tiu li nhun, hin din trong i sng ca cng chng,
i din cho li ch v gi tr ca thnh vin hoc ca x hi da trn
quan im ring v o c, vn ha, chnh tr, khoa hc, tn gio,
hoc thin nguyn1.
Vi nh ngha ny, x hi dn s bao gm nhiu t chc vi cc
mc ch khc nhau: t cc t chc Phi chnh ph (NGOs) n cc
nghip on, t chc tn gio, phng xc tin thng mi, hip hi
ngh (v d nh Hi Lut s), hay cc qu t thin (Carothers, 2000).
Cc t chc trn c gi l cc t chc x hi dn s (civil society
organizations-CSOs).
Vit Nam, tuy tn ti trn thc t t kh lu, x hi dn s vn
l mt khi nim mi. Cc vn bn v lut v di lut ca Vit Nam
hin cha s dng thut ng x hi dn s, v cng khng iu chnh
cc t chc x hi dn s theo ngha rng nh cp trong nh ngha
ni trn ca World Bank. Tuy vy, s pht trin ca x hi dn s
Vit Nam trong khong mt thp nin tr li y cng khin nhiu
nh lm chnh sch quan tm hn n ch ny.
Theo nh ngha t mt lnh o cp cao ca B Ni v, x hi
dn s Vit Nam:
[B]ao gm cc t chc chnh tr - x hi - ngh nghip, x hi ngh nghip, t chc x hi, nhn o, t thin, hu ngh; cc t chc
cng ng theo dng tc, s thch, cu lc b,...; cc t chc dch v
cng v cc qu khng phi do Nh nc lp ra, hot ng phi li
nhun, di s lnh o ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam, tun th cc
1
World Bank (2014), Defining civil society.
120
Ph lc
quy nh ca php lut v tch cc phi hp hot ng vi Nh nc
nhm gp phn thc hin mc tiu dn giu, nc mnh, dn ch, cng
bng, vn minh. 1 (Trn Anh Tun, Mt s vn cn lu v x hi
dn s.)
Chiu theo nh ngha , cng vi nh ngha t World Bank, c
th hiu cc t chc x hi dn s Vit Nam c coi l hi theo
quy nh ca Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP ban hnh nm 2010:
[L] t chc t nguyn ca cng dn, t chc Vit Nam cng
ngnh ngh, cng s thch, cng gii, c chung mc ch tp hp, on
kt hi vin, hot ng thng xuyn, khng v li nhm bo v quyn,
li ch hp php ca hi, hi vin, ca cng ng; h tr nhau hot
ng c hiu qu, gp phn vo vic pht trin kinh t - x hi ca t
nc, c t chc v hot ng theo ngh nh ny v cc vn bn quy
phm php lut khc c lin quan.2
Nh vy, nh ngha ny khng p dng cho hai nhm v mt
nguyn tc khng phi l c quan qun l nh nc: l cc t chc
chnh tr - x hi (gm MTTQ Vit Nam, Tng lin on Lao ng Vit
Nam, on Thanh nin Cng sn H Ch Minh, Hi Nng dn Vit
Nam, Hi Cu chin binh Vit Nam, Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam)
v cc t chc tn gio.
Nu gio hi, theo cc nh ngha ph bin nht, vn c coi l
thnh phn thuc cc t chc x hi dn s, th cc t chc chnh tr - x
hi l nhm giao thoa gia x hi dn s v Nh nc, mang c tnh
ca c hai. Ni nh Nguyn Vn Vnh (2012, 7), l cc t chc m
hot ng ca chng va mang tnh chnh tr, va mang tnh x hi.
ng Trn Anh Tun l Th trng B Ni v, Vin trng Vin Khoa hc T chc nh nc,
B Ni v (2014).
2
Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP, quy nh v t chc, hot ng v qun l hi.
1
121

Hnh 22: M hnh v tr ca cc t chc x hi dn s
Lnh o chnh tr,
ng v lin minh ng phi
Nhm li ch, vn
ng chnh tr
Cng ng
chnh tr
Nhm li ch, vn ng
kinh t - chnh tr
Truyn thng
i chng
X hi
dn s
Cng ng
kinh t
Doanh nghip v cc
nh ch ti chnh
T chc cng ng (CBOs), nhm,
hi (chnh thc v phi chnh
thc), Hi sinh vin, Hi ph n,
VNGOs, INGOs, Hi Cu chin
binh, Cng on,
Hip hi kinh doanh,

nhm vn ng kinh t,
nghip on lao ng
Ngun: Howard (2003)
Theo bo co ca nhm nghin cu CIVICUS v x hi dn s

Vit Nam nm 20061, cc t chc chnh tr - x hi (c cc nh
nghin cu gi l cc t chc qun chng), cng c xp loi vo
nhm cc t chc x hi dn s. Wells-Dang (2014, 164) cho rng
Vit Nam, tt c cc t chc khng trc tip lin quan n b my cng
quyn th u l cc t chc x hi dn s (CSOs).
Bo co ca VEPR khng tranh lun l liu c nn gp nhm cc t
chc chnh tr - x hi (on th) vo nhm x hi dn s hay khng.
Nhm tc gi gp cc t chc chnh tr - x hi v cc t chc x hi
CIVICUS Civil Society Index (2006). The emerging civil society: An initial assessment of civil society in Vietnam. Vietnam Institute of Development Studies (VIDS), UNDP Vietnam, and SNV
Vietnam.
1
122
Ph lc
dn s vo nhm t chc x hi, vi ngha rng cc t chc ny
hot ng ch yu trong khng gian x hi, bt k bn cht chnh tr v
s hu l g.
2. Phn loi cc t chc x hi Vit Nam

Hnh 23: T chc x hi trong h thng chnh tr Vit Nam
ng Cng sn
Vit Nam
h
p
c
uy
Cc t chc
chnh tr - x hi
B ch qun
Mt trn
T quc
Qu
yc
ph
Cc t chc CT-XH-NN,
XH-NN, XH c
nh nc ti tr
Cc t chc
cng ng
(CBOs)
Cc t chc
Phi chnh ph
Vit Nam (VNGOs)
Ngun: Tc gi thu thp trn cc vn bn php l
Nh cp phn 1, Vit Nam cha c nh ngha chnh thc v

cc t chc x hi dn s. thng nht vi cc vn bn php lut,
bo co s dng phng php phn loi c dng trong mt s vn
bn php l, c th l Hin php (sa i) nm 2013, Lut ngn sch
nh nc 2002, Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP, Ngh nh s38/1998/
N-CP, v Quyt nh 68/2010/Q-TTG; kt hp vi phng php
phn loi c nhm nghin cu CIVICUS s dng trong bo co v x
123
hi dn s Vit Nam nm 2006 (Norlund, 2007, 76-77). y cng l

cch phn loi c t chc Irish Aid (2012) p dng. Theo , t chc
x hi Vit Nam c th c chia thnh cc nhm nh sau:
on th (cn gi l t chc chnh tr - x hi): y l cc t
chc t nguyn hot ng theo nguyn tc tp trung dn ch, c h
thng t chc t Trung ng n c s, l cc t chc qun chng ca
ng Cng sn Vit Nam, do ng sng lp v lnh o1. Nhm ny
gm cc t chc: MTTQ Vit Nam, Hi Nng dn Vit Nam, on
Thanh nin cng sn H Ch Minh, Hi Lin hip Ph n Vit Nam,
Hi Cu chin binh Vit Nam v Tng lin on Lao ng Vit Nam2.
y l nhm c ngn sch nh nc bo m hon ton kinh ph hot
ng3. Xt theo lng thnh vin ng k, cc t chc chnh tr - x hi
ny c khong 32 triu ngi (Norlund, 2007, 76). Mt phn trong s
l nhn vin bin ch nh nc, c nh nc tr lng. Trong bo
co ny, hai thut ng on th v t chc chnh tr - x hi c dng
thay th nhau.
Hi c th (theo tnh cht, hi c th l cc t chc chnh tr - x
hi - ngh nghip4, x hi - ngh nghip, hoc x hi c Nh nc h
tr kinh ph5): y l nhm t chc c lin h vi nh nc, trong s
mt s t chc c h tr mt phn kinh ph hot ng t ngn sch
nh nc theo quy nh t Quyt nh s 68/2010/Q-TTG v vic h
tr cc hi c th6. Nhm ny bao gm cc t chc ln c nhiu t
chc thnh vin ng k (nh Hi Ch thp , Lin hip cc hi Khoa
hc v K thut Vit Nam (VUSTA), Lin hip cc hi Vn hc Ngh
Chuyn IV, Ti liu bi dng thi nng ngch chuyn vin cao cp khi ng, on th nm
2013.
2
Theo ngh nh38/1998/N-CP quy nh chi tit thi hnh Php lnh Thc hnh tit kim,
chng lng ph.
3
Quy nh iu 10, chng I; iu 32, khon 1d, h Lut ngn sch nh nc nm 2002.
4
Theo Quyt nh s 41-Q/TW, t chc chnh tr - x hi - ngh nghip c Hi Nh bo, Hi
Lut gia, VUSTA,Tuy vy, khng c nh ngha r rng v vic t chc no c xp vo
nhm ny.
5
Theo Thng t 08/2011-TT-BNV.
6
Theo Quyt nh s 68/2010/Q-TTG, c 28 hi c th c h tr kinh ph t ngn sch
nh nc.
1
124
Ph lc
thut Vit Nam (VULA), v Lin hip cc t chc hu ngh Vit Nam),
cc t chc xc tin thng mi (Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip
Vit Nam), hip hi ngh nghip (on Lut s, Hi Ngh c), v cc
t chc khc (Hi Ngi m Vit Nam, Hi cc Nn nhn Cht c da
cam/Dioxin). Theo c tnh ca nghin cu CIVICUS v x hi dn s
Vit Nam, Hi Ch thp c hn nm triu thnh vin, VUSTA c
hn mt triu thnh vin, v VULA c chi nhnh tt c cc tnh thnh
trn c nc. Trn ton quc, c 320 hip hi ngh nghip v khong
2.000 hi ngh nghip a phng (Norlund, 2007, 76-77).
Do cc t chc qun chng cng u c quy trnh lp d ton
ngh ngn sch nh nc bo m hot ng thng xuyn nh i vi
c quan qun l nh nc, v di s gim st ca B Ti chnh, nn
v mt thc t ti chnh, c th nhn nhn hai nhm ny cng di s
kim sot ca Nh nc.
Cc t chc Phi chnh ph Vit Nam (Vietnamese NGOs-VNGOs):
y l cc t chc c t cch php nhn, c thnh lp da trn sng
kin ca c nhn hoc t chc, c lp vi Nh nc, hot ng x
l mt vn nht nh no (Issue-based Organizations). VNGOs
c ng k hot ng vi cc t chc ln hn (nh VUSTA), hoc ng
k vi cc c quan qun l nh nc khc. Nhm ny c th bao gm
cc t chc t thin, nghin cu c lp, t vn, gio dc, v sc khe
cng ng (CIVICUS, 2006, 34). Qu Chu (Asia Foundation) cho
rng c khong 2.000 VNGOs Vit Nam (Asia Foundation, 2012, 6).
Cc t chc cng ng (Community-based Organizations-CBOs):
y l nhm x hi dn s hot ng trn quy m nh, thng ch trong
mt cng ng nht nh. Nhm ny bao gm cc hip hi tn gio,
t hp tc, cc cu lc b sinh vin m khng ng k hot ng
vi chnh quyn, hoc ng k di mt qu trnh php l khc vi
cc nhm trn (Wells-Dang 2014, 167-168). Mng li nhm t chc
CBOs thng lin h vi cc t chc chnh tr - x hi v t chc ng
ti a phng, v mt s nhm c lin lc vi VNGOs v cc NGOs
125
quc t. y c th l nhng ngun cung cp cho h kinh ph hot ng

v o to thnh vin (CIVICUS, 2006, 49). Theo nh nghin cu Carl
Thayer (2009, 5), Vit Nam c t nht 140 nghn CBOs cng vi 3.000
t chc hp tc (v nng nghip, ngh c, xy dng, v sinh - y t)1.
Hin cha c thng k y v s lng cc t chc x hi dn
s Vit Nam, v nhiu con s thng k c khc bit ng k. Theo
Wells-Dang (2014), s lng cc t chc Phi chnh ph Vit Nam
tng t 200 vo thp nin 90 ca th k trc, ln n hn 1.700
thi im ny. Theo Thang Vn Phc (2010), Vit Nam c khong
15.000 hip hi hot ng2. Theo Norlund (2007), c t nht 550 cc t
chc Phi chnh ph quc t hot ng ti Vit Nam, tnh n thi im
nm 2007. Nu cc on th qun chng, cc t chc chnh tr - x hi
c gp vo nhm x hi dn s, c n 74% cng dn Vit Nam l
thnh vin ca mt CSO v 62% l thnh vin ca t nht hai t chc
x hi (ibid.). Theo bo co ca CIVICUS (2006, 78), Vit Nam, trn
l thuyt, l mt trong nhng nhm nc c t l ngi tham gia cc t
chc x hi dn s cao nht chu : trung bnh mi ngi Vit Nam
l thnh vin ca 2,33 t chc, trong khi con s ny Trung Quc l
0,39 v Singapore l 0,86.
Mt thnh phn rt quan trng trong s pht trin x hi dn s
Vit Nam l cc t chc NGOs quc t. Nhm ny h tr qu hot ng
cho cc t chc x hi Vit Nam, h tr o to thnh vin, hoc hp tc
vi t chc x hi Vit Nam trin khai cc d n thc a.
y l s liu ng Thayer thu thp vo nm 2005. Vi gi nh chnh sch khng c g thay

i cng vi s pht trin ngy cng mnh ca x hi dn s Vit Nam, con s ny c l
tng ln mt mc ng k.
2
ng Thang Vn Phc l Th trng B Ni v a ra s liu ny ti bi pht biu Tng quan
v hi, t chc Phi chnh ph v th ch php l cho cc t chc x hi Vit Nam ti hi
ngh thng nin v NGOs cho VUSTA t chc nm 2010.
1
126
Ph lc
3. Khung php l cho cc t chc x hi Vit Nam
Nh cp, s tn ti ca h thng cc t chc x hi dn s cha
c c s tha nhn v php l nh mt tng th. Tuy vy, nhiu vn
bn php lut a ra quy nh iu chnh cc mt khc nhau ca x hi
dn s, c th nh sau:
Hin php nm 1946. iu 10, Chng II ca Hin php nm 1946
quy nh rng cng dn c quyn t do t chc v hi hp.
Sc lnh s102/SL-L004 ngy 20/5/1957 v quyn lp hi. iu 1
quy nh quyn lp hi ca nhn dn c tn trng v bo m.
Hin php nm 1959 ca nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. iu
25 quy nh Cng dn nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha c cc quyn
t do ngn lun, bo ch, hi hp, lp hi v biu tnh. Nh nc bo
m nhng iu kin vt cht cn thit cng dn c hng cc
quyn .
Hin php nm 1980 ca nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit
Nam. iu67 quy nh Cng dn c cc quyn t do ngn lun, t do
bo ch, t do hi hp, t do lp hi, t do biu tnh, ph hp vi li ch
ca ch ngha x hi v ca nhn dn.
Hin php nm 1992 ca nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit
Nam. iu 69 quy nh Cng dn c quyn t do ngn lun, t do bo
ch; c quyn c thng tin; c quyn hi hp, lp hi, biu tnh theo
quy nh ca php lut.
Ngh nh s 88/2003/N-CP quy nh v t chc, hot ng v
qun l hi.
Quyt nh s 21/2003/Q-TTG v vic ngn sch nh nc h
tr cho cc t chc chnh tr - x hi - ngh nghip, t chc x hi, t
chc x hi - ngh nghip i vi nhng hot ng gn vi nhim v
ca nh nc.
Quyt nh s 247/2006/Q-TTG ngy 30/10/2006 ca Th tng
Chnh ph v vic sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Quyt nh s
21/2003/Q-TTG ngy 29/01/2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph.
127
B lut dn s nm 2005. Theo iu 85, Chng IV ca B lut

dn s nm 2005, cc c nhn, t chc c quyn thnh lp php nhn.
Khon 4, iu 100 c quy nh cc t chc chnh tr x hi - ngh
nghip, t chc x hi, t chc x hi - ngh nghip l php nhn.
Ngh nh s148/2007/N-CP v t chc, hot ng ca qu x
hi, qu t thin.
Quyt nh s 97/2009/Q-TTG v vic ban hnh danh mc cc
lnh vc c nhn c thnh lp t chc nghin cu khoa hc, t chc
nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh, t chc dch v khoa hc
v cng ngh.
Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP, ban hnh nm 2010, quy nh v t
chc, hot ng v qun l hi.
Quyt nh s 68/2010/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic
quy nh hi c tnh cht c th.
Quyt nh s 71/2011/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph v bo
m, h tr kinh ph t ngn sch nh nc i vi cc hi c tnh cht
c th.
Hin php sa i nm 2013. iu 25 quy nh Cng dn c
quyn t do ngn lun, t do bo ch, tip cn thng tin, hi hp, lp
hi, biu tnh.
Thng t 03/2013/TT-BNV quy nh chi tit thi hnh Ngh nh s
45/2010/N-CP v Ngh nh s 33/2012/N-CP.
Mt s cc vn bn iu chnh khc, vn bn ca chnh quyn
a phng.
C th thy, vn bn c tnh php l cao nht ca Vit Nam l
Hin php lun cng nhn quyn hi hp, lp hi, t chc ca cng dn,
d tri qua 5 ln sa i.
Tuy vy, cha c b lut, lut c th no hin thc ha quy nh
ca Hin php. Trong cc vn bn nu trn, ch c duy nht Ngh nh
128
Ph lc
s 45/2010/N-CP l quy nh chi tit v vic thnh lp hi, nhm, t
chc Vit Nam. Tuy vy, vn bn ny vn cn khin th tc ng k
thnh lp hi phc tp, tn thi gian khng cn thit (Sidel, 2010, 8).
Cc vn bn php lut lin quan n vic iu chnh t chc x hi cn
ri rc, cha thng nht, d gy ra hin tng chng cho v mt qun
l nh nc.
Vi cc t chc chnh tr - x hi, nh nc c cc vn bn php l
iu chnh trc tip, v d nh Lut cng on nm 2012, Lut MTTQ
nm 1999, Lut thanh nin, Php lnh s 27/2005/PL-UBTVQH1 iu
chnh Hi Cu chin binh, cng cc vn bn lin quan khc.
Nh vy, c s phn bit nht nh v qun l nh nc lin quan
n t chc x hi: mt mt cc vn bn lin quan n t chc x hi
khng do ng, Nh nc sng lp v lnh o cn s si, cha hon
chnh; mt khc, hu ht cc t chc chnh tr - x hi c php lut
iu chnh tng i c th.
V th, b khung php l cho hot ng ca t chc x hi, xt trn
tng th, vn cha hon chnh, khng to ra c s n nh cn thit
cho cc t chc ny hot ng, pht trin (Thayer, 2009, 5). iu ny
cng to ra s thiu r rng, phc tp khng cn thit trong vic qun
l, nh gi, gim st hiu qu ca nh nc vi cc t chc x hi dn
s (Nguyn Th Bch Dip, 2007).
129
Ph lc 2
Mt s nhn xt bc u hot ng
ca cc t chc hi hin i
Vit Nam
PGS. TS. PHM BCH SAN
VIN NGHIN CU V T VN PHT TRIN (RCD)
1. Nhng nh hng ln t nm 1975 n nay

Sau khi t nc thng nht, Vit Nam tri qua ba giai on pht
trin vi nhng nh hng.
a. 1975 - 1985
Phc hi t nc theo m hnh k hoch ha tp trung, trng tm
ch yu l m bo cng bng x hi. Kinh t sa st v khng hong x
hi xut hin v lan rng.
b. 1986 - 1995
Chnh sch i mi cho php pht trin kinh t th trng theo nh
hng x hi ch ngha. Kinh t pht trin nhanh nhng c nhiu hu qu
x hi tiu cc, c bit l trong y t, gio dc v ti vng su vng xa.
c. 1996 - 2015
- 1996 - 2005: xy dng cc nh ch qun l kinh t v x hi theo
nh hng th trng. S xut hin, m rng v i vo hot ng ca
cc t chc x hi dn s.
130
Ph lc
- 2006 - 2015: hi nhp cc nh ch qun l vi th gii. T chc
nh nc hin i theo cc tiu chun chung ca quc t vi s tham
gia ngy cng nhiu ca x hi dn s.
Nh vy, trong mt khong thi gian ngn ngi, Vit Nam kp
trin khai cc th nghim khc nhau v qun l t nc, nhn thy
rng m hnh th nht t u tin tuyt i cho pht trin x hi so vi
pht trin kinh t l khng ph hp. M hnh th hai t u tin pht
trin kinh t ln trn pht trin x hi em li s pht trin nhanh chng
nhng khng bn vng v lm xut hin nhng yu t gy mt n nh
x hi. Tnh th a n s ra i ca m hnh th ba: kt hp hai m
hnh u v b sung thm cc yu t ca x hi dn s.
Nhn chung, nu ba giai on pht trin th ch l php quyn, dn
ch v th trng x hi th Vit Nam hin ang bc u trong c hai
giai on u v c s xut hin mt s yu t giai on ba.
2. Hin trng cc loi hnh t chc hi

Cng vi s h ca Php ti Vit Nam, nhiu loi hnh t chc x
hi hin i bt u xut hin nh hi, on th, phong tro hng o
sinh, hay hi truyn b quc ng. Khi nim hi c ph bin v c
mt trong k thi tt nghip trng hu b nm 1918, khi cc v quan li
tng lai ca triu nh phi tr li mt s cu hi thi v hot ng v
cch t chc hi. Nhiu hot ng hi mang li hiu qu thit thc
cho s pht trin lng yu nc v dn tr nh ng kinh ngha thc v
Duy Tn.
Sau khi Vit nam ginh c lp, nhiu t chc on th qun chng
c thnh lp, v trong mt thi gian di gi vai tr quan trng trong
vic cng c khi i on kt dn tc. Trong khong 20 nm tr li
y, cc hi vi phong cch cc t chc x hi dn s hin i xut hin
nhiu v pht trin mnh m.
131
2.1 Cc on th chnh tr x hi
Nhm cc on th chnh tr x hi gm c 6 t chc ln vi cc lut
c th quy nh ring cho tng t chc, c hnh thnh khi u trn
quan nim v x hi bao gm cc giai cp lao ng v nhng ngi b
p bc: cng, nng, binh cng nh cc gii v thanh nin phi u tranh
vi nhng giai cp bc lt.
Nhim v chnh hin nay ca cc on th chnh tr x hi l tuyn
truyn, ph bin v t chc cho ngi dn thuc nhm c th ca mnh
thc hin ng li chnh tr ca ng cng sn Vit Nam. V chng
mc nht nh cc on th chnh tr x hi cng chuyn ti nhng kin
ngh, kin ca ngi dn thuc nhm mnh theo di cho ban lnh o
ca ng. Ni theo thut ng hm nay l tin hnh cc hot ng gim
st i vi hot ng ca cc c quan nh nc.
Cch thc hot ng truyn thng thng thng ca cc on th
l tip cn cng ng: tp hp ngi dn li v ph bin cc ng li
ca ng hoc i su vo nm bt tm t, nguyn vng ca ngi dn
gii thch, hoc pht hin vn gii quyt. Ch o trc tip hot
ng ca cc on th ny l Ban Dn vn thuc Ban Chp hnh Trung
ng ng cng sn Vit Nam v cn b lnh o ca cc t chc ny
c bu ra theo s c ca Ban Dn vn v Ban T chc Trung
ng, nm na c th coi ging nh hot ng ca cc b trong cc lnh
vc ca x hi v chu s lnh o ca cc ban tng ng ca ng.
c im ln nht ca cc on th chnh tr x hi l h c ngn
sch nh nc bao cp cho hot ng ca mnh n tn c s. Cc cn
b c nhn lng v tr cp theo cc thang bc nh cc cng chc,
vin chc nh nc v ton b cc c s vt cht u do Nh nc trang
b cp tng ng vi mt b (MTTQ cp cao hn mt cht
nhng thp hn nhiu so vi Quc hi). Ngoi ra h c s h tr ln
lao ca h thng cc doanh nghip nh nc, v c mt s mc nh bt
thnh vn l cc chi ph ca doanh nghip cho cc on th chnh tr x
hi h tr hot ng ca h c th c coi l nhng chi ph hp l
khi cn thit.
132
Ph lc
Nhng t chc on th do Nh nc thnh lp hin vn ang hot
ng v c u t rt ln, nhng ngy cng b hnh chnh ha v xa
dn vi cch tip cn qun chng, ci vn c trng cho cc t chc x
hi v c o to chuyn ngnh cng tc x hi. Do vy nhng vn
bc xc ca cc i tng chm c gii quyt. C th ly v d l
Tng lin on Lao ng Vit Nam khng h lnh o mt cuc nh
cng no ca cng nhn, Hi Ph n khng lm c g nhiu vi nn
mi dm, on Thanh nin gp kh khn trong vic x l hin tng
thanh nin nh nhau ngy Tt v Hi Nng dn khng gii quyt c
mt tranh chp t ai ln no trong 10 nm tr li y.
Trng hp c th: MTTQ Vit Nam
y l mt t chc thuc loi siu hi vi khong hn 50 chc t
chc thnh vin, t ng Cng sn Vit Nam cho ti Hi Ch tc vng
bc Trong khi tho lun v lut MTTQ sa i ngy 7/3/2015, mt
vn t ra l c nn c iu khon MTTQ gim st hot ng ca
ng hay khng v kt lun cui cng vn cha c. Chc nng ca Mt
trn l xy dng v pht huy khi i on kt dn tc v c ngi c
phm cch xng ng tham gia Quc hi. MTTQ c chn rt ti tn c
s v c bao cp rt y cho b my v cho hot ng ca mnh:
ti cc cuc hp c s, ngi i d hp c th c nhn phong b
khi tham d.
2.2 Cc t chc x hi ngh nghip
Cc t chc x hi ngh nghip c t chc cho ngi dn tham gia
theo ngh nghip ca mnh nhm chia s cc vn lin quan n ngh
nghip. Cc t chc ny c ba nhm.
2.2.1 Cc t chc chnh tr - x hi - ngh nghip
- C tt c 9 t chc thuc loi ny Vit Nam, c mc ch nhm duy
tr v pht trin s lnh o ca ng trong cc nhm ngh nghip.
l Lin hip cc t chc Ha bnh v Hu ngh (VUFO),
133
- Lin hip cc hi Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam (VUSTA),

- Lin hip cc hi Vn hc v Ngh thut Vit Nam,
- Hi Nh bo Vit Nam,
- Lin minh cc Hp tc x Vit Nam,
- Hi Ch thp Vit Nam,
- Hi Lut gia Vit Nam,
- Hi Nh vn Vit Nam,
- Lin on Lut s Vit Nam
Chc nng ca cc t chc ny l tp hp nhn dn theo mt s
ngh nghip, hoc hot ng c th c kh nng tc ng ln n s
n nh x hi. Do vy, vic m bo cc chnh sch nh nc c
thc thi nghim chnh v y nhng nhm dn c l c s cho s
tn ti ca nhng hi theo dng ny. Cc t chc ny u c ng on,
chu s ch o ca Ban Dn vn thuc Ban Chp hnh Trung ng
CSVN v cn b lnh o cng do ng c ra.
Cc hi dng ny c Nh nc bao cp n tn cp tnh, nhng
phi thng tho vi tng tnh xc nh nhu cu c th ca a
phng v c th m c s tnh. C s vt cht cng c Nh nc
bao cp nhng mc ty thuc vo s vn ng v hot ng ca tng
t chc v nhn chung c u t tng ng vi mt c quan cp
tng cc tuy ngi ng u c th nhn lng theo cp b trng v
lnh o c xe cng a i lm.
Hot ng ca cc t chc kiu ny cng ang trn bc ng
hnh chnh ha nh cc t chc nhm trn.
Trng hp c th: Lin hip cc Hi Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam
Lin hip cc Hi Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam (Lin hip hi) l
mt t chc ln gm ba khi: cc hi ngh nghip khong 80), cc lin
hip hi 62 tnh v cc t chc khoa hc ngoi cng lp. y, hin c
134
Ph lc
nhiu t chc Phi chnh ph kiu hin i hot ng. Hin c khong 370
vin v trung tm thuc Lin hip hi ang hot ng theo m hnh cc
t chc NGO hin i v ngy cng c nhiu nhm ng k hot ng ti
Lin hip hi theo hnh thc ny. Ngoi ra, Lin hip hi cn c 197 t
bo, tp ch v bn tin, trng i hc, Qu sng to khoa hc v k thut
(Vifotec). B my qun l Trung ng c dng dp mt b vi cc ban,
tng ng v loi 1 t ban k hoch n vn phng v hp tc quc
t, trong khi tnh lin hip hi c dng dp ca mt s.
Lin hip hi cng ang pht trin th nghim m hnh cc t chc
da vo cng ng (cc t chc CBO) c th to ra kh nng a
nhanh tin b khoa hc v k thut vo cuc sng. Nhng t chc ny
mt khi c pht trin hon chnh, s to ra c s x hi cn thit cho
hot ng khoa hc v k thut cc cp c s.
Kinh ph hot ng ca Lin hip hi do Nh nc cp, khong 40
t ng mt nm v ang trn ng hnh chnh ha mnh m. Ngoi
ra, cc t chc khoa hc v cng ngh ng gp ph hot ng 7,2 triu
ng mi nm. Tuy nhin, cc t chc khoa hc cng ngh ngoi Nh
nc, a s cc hi ngh nghip t tn ti bng cc ngun kim c
ca mnh: cc ti v nhim v do Nh nc giao, cc hp ng trn
th trng cng nh cc ti tr ca cc t chc quc t.
2.2.2 Cc t chc x hi - ngh nghip c bao cp cp
Trung ng
C tt c khong 30 t chc nh Tng hi Y hc, Hi ng y,
Hi Ma theo quyt nh ring ca Th tng Chnh ph. Hin nay,
khng xc nh c v sao nhng t chc ny c bao cp v iu
ny ang to r s thc mc ln trong cc hi khc.
Trng hp c th: Tng Hi Y hc Vit Nam
Xut pht t s cho php ca Chnh ph, Tng hi Y hc Vit nam
l mt trong vi hi c thnh lp u tin v lu i nht ca Vit
Nam ngy nay. Hi c nh nc hon ton bao cp. Hi bao gm hn
135
40 hi chuyn ngnh, mt s vin v trung tm v hot ng trong cc

lnh vc y hc. Ngun thu ca Tng hi ngoi ra cn c cc d n v
cc hot ng cung cp dch v cho th trng.
2.2.3 Cc t chc x hi ngh nghip khng c bao cp
Hin nay, s lng cc hi ny l rt ln, c th ln n hng nghn.
Cc hi ngh nghip hin hot ng theo chuyn mn ca mnh nhng
gp kh khn rt ln v ngun kinh ph hot ng. Lnh o cc hi
c bu nhng thng l nhng cn b lnh o nh nc v hu v
bng cch cc hi gi mi quan h cht ch vi cc b ch qun
c th nhn c mt s h tr cho hot ng ca mnh. Mt s hi
nng ng c th c giao thc hin nhng dch v cng do c quan
nh nc chuyn giao nh hi kim ton Vit Nam c quyn cp
chng ch hnh ngh kim ton Vit Nam Ngoi ra, mt s hi c
mi quan h c bit vi mt s doanh nghip nh nc nn cng c
th nhn c nhng s ti tr no y, nh Hi Ha hc vi Tp on
Than, Khong sn Vit Nam (TKV), hoc do chuyn mn ca mnh cn
cho cc doanh nghip trn th trng nh Hi o lng tiu chun v
cht lng.
Cc hi ngh nghip, c bao cp ln khng, chu s qun l nh
nc ca V cc t chc Phi chnh ph, B Ni v. Cc hi c quyn
thnh lp cc t chc trc thuc nh cng ty, trung tm hay vin nghin
cu. Trong trng hp cc t chc khoa hc v cng ngh ngoi Nh
nc, cc t chc ny phi xin giy php hnh ngh ca B Khoa hc
v Cng ngh.
Trng hp c th: Tng hi Xy dngVit Nam
Xut pht t s cho php ca B Xy dng, Tng hi Xy dng l
mu hnh c th ca loi hi gn vi mt chuyn ngnh c th do mt
b ch tr. Hi bao gm phn ln cc quan chc ngnh xy dng v hu
v ng u thng l mt cu b trng hay th trng. Hi c gng
tp hp nhng ngi trong ngh pht huy chuyn mn v s trng
136
Ph lc
ca mnh v c nhiu hot ng trong lnh vc phn bin v gim st x
hi. Kinh ph ca hi da trn mt s ngun thu t bt ng sn, trin
khai cc d n, ti do B Xy dng giao hoc cc hp ng vi cc
cng ty xy dng.
2.3 Cc hip hi ngnh ngh
Cc hip hi ngnh ngh c t chc theo cc nhm ngnh sn xut
v t chc ni bt nht, ng u l Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip
Vit Nam (VCCI). Cc hip hi thu thp v cung cp thng tin cho cc
thnh vin ca mnh, ng ra bo v quyn li ca gii doanh nghip
v tin hnh nhiu hot ng vn ng chnh sch lin quan n ngnh
ngh ca mnh. Nhiu t chc hip hi c s bao cp ca Nh nc v
hot ng nh mt cnh tay ni di ca Chnh ph trong cc hot ng
lin quan nh Hip hi Sn xut v Ch bin thy hi sn (VASEP),
Hip hi Sn xut Ma ng, Hip hi Da giy Cc hip hi cng
chu s ch o ca cc ban tng ng ca ng nh Ban Dn vn v
Ban Kinh t.
Hin ti Vit Nam, theo mt s ngun thng tin, s lng cc hip
hi ln ti hng nghn. Cc hip hi hot ng c tnh cht ca cc hot
ng hi tuy lin quan nhiu hn n cc yu t th trng v quyn
li ca cc nh sn xut. Ngun kinh ph hot ng ca cc t chc ny
tng i di do, do cc doanh nghip ng gp v nhng hot ng
kinh doanh cung cp dch v c th c ca chnh bn thn cc hip hi.
3. Hot ng v kh nng p ng nhu cu ca x hi

ca cc t chc hi
Cc hot ng v tm nh hng ca cc loi hnh t chc hon ton
khc nhau trn thc t. Nhn chung, c th thy rng sc mnh ca
nhm cc on th chnh tr da trn quyn lc nh nc, nhm cc
hip hi ngnh ngh da vo nng lc ti chnh t doanh nghip th
trng v nhm cc hi ngh nghip da vo k nng chuyn mn.
137
Hin ti, hot ng nng n nht l nhm cc hip hi ngnh, do i

hi ca nn kinh t th trng cng nh lnh vc hot ng ca cc hip
hi tng i t nhy cm. Hai nhm cn li hnh nh kh tng phn
nhau: nhm c Nh nc bao cp cng ngy cng c xu hng hnh
chnh ha tr thnh mt kiu c quan nh nc, theo di v qun
l nhm i tng c th ca mnh, trong khi nhm khng c Nh
nc bao cp ang hng ti phc v cho cc mc tiu ch ca mnh
nhng cha c cc phng thc hot ng hu hiu.
Mc tiu ca hi l thu ht hot ng ca nhng ngi trong cng
ngh hay cng gii c hiu qu khng cao v cc hi khng mang li
c nhiu li ch thit thc cho cc hi vin: cc hi thng ch c
mt nhm nh nhng ngi trong ngh, phn ln l cc quan chc qun
l hay ngi v hu, bit n nhau.
Hin nay hot ng ca cc hi khng c bao cp ang gp
nhiu kh khn do:
i. Cc th tc thnh lp rt rm r v phc tp, trong mt s trng
hp khng c s khuyn khch t pha cc c quan qun l. c bit,
hnh lang php l, nh lut v hi, hin cha c, khin cho cc hot
ng ca hi khng c s bo m cn thit v php lut.
ii. Ngun kinh ph cho hot ng rt kh khn do: 1. S tn ti
khng bnh ng gia cc hi c bao cp v khng bao cp khin cho
s ti tr ca Nh nc b ht vo cc hi bao cp bt k hiu qu cng
vic ca h nh th no, 2. Cc doanh nghip nh nc chim phn ln
ngun lc x hi c khuynh hng ch ti tr cho cc hi c bao cp
v, 3. Nhiu dch v cng vn do cc c quan qun l nh nc nm gi
cha c chuyn giao li cho cc hi.
iii. Cc phng thc hot ng cha ph hp vi nhu cu ca x
hi hin i, c bit l vi cc yu cu ca nn kinh t th trng. Hot
ng ca khng t hi ch yu l i hp, trong khi nhng hot ng
chuyn mn th t, v khng hng ti hot ng th trng cng nh
bo v quyn li ca nhng ngi cng ngh.
138
Ph lc
4. Trin vng cc hi
Khi u l thc hin cc mc tiu pht trin v gip Vit Nam hn gn
cc hu qu chin tranh, sau nm 1975 cng ngy cng c nhiu t chc
Phi chnh ph v cc loi hnh khc vo hot ng Vit Nam, c bit
sau khi Vit Nam rt qun khi Campuchia. Cc nc trn th gii cng
ng gp rt nhiu cho cc t chc ny thng qua h tr cho Vit
Nam pht trin, nht l nhm cc nc Bc u, H Lan, hay Australia...
Nu tnh tt c cc ngun khc nhau, ngun tin nc ngoi ny h tr
cho Vit Nam hin nay vo khong 300 triu USD mt nm. Cc t
tng v hi v cc t chc Phi chnh ph xut hin v c hnh thnh
nhm thc hin ti a phng cc s tr gip .
Tip nhn cc t tng mi v c bit da vo truyn thng dn tc,
cc hot ng x hi pht trin mnh m trong thi gian va qua. C th
k ti cc bp cm t thin c mt tt c cc bnh vin min Nam hoc
cc t chc t thin ng ra quyn gp gip thin tai, bnh tt. Hin
nay, cc hnh thc t pht ang pht trin mnh. Nhng bt u c khuynh
hng hnh thnh cc hot ng c t chc cng hn theo kiu hin i
c hiu qu hn, v vt ra khun kh cc hot ng trong cc cng ng
nh vn ti ton quc. V d hot ng cha bnh cho ngi ngho vng
su vng xa hoc gip tr em ngho hc gii
c cc t chc bt u vn ra hot ng nc ngoi, trc
ht l trong cc hot ng bo v quyn li ca Vit Nam nh kin tng
v c basa, bo v nn nhn cht c da cam Trong tng lai, cng
vi s pht trin kinh t Vit Nam th Lo, Myanmar, Campuchia v cc
nc chu Phi s l nhng ni m chng ta cn to iu kin cho cc t
chc Phi chnh ph Vit Nam hot ng.
y mnh cc hot ng ca hi, Nh nc Vit Nam hin ang
chun b xy dng lut v hi nhm to dng hnh lang php l cho
hot ng ca cc t chc x hi khng thuc nh nc. Trc mt,
nh nc ang gp rt nh gi li hot ng ca cc t chc x hi v
cng ang c xut bi b s bao cp ca nh nc i vi mt s hi.
139
ng thi, nh nc cng c nhu cu ngy cng ln chuyn giao nhiu

dch v ca mnh cho cc t chc x hi thc hin.
Thi k ny l im bt u hnh thnh v pht trin mt giai on
mi trong s pht trin cc t chc x hi nc ta: khng ch s dng
tin ca ca x hi nhm tr gip cc nhm c th, gp phn m bo
n nh x hi, m cn ng gp vo s pht trin kinh t v n nh x
hi trong qu trnh cng nghip ha v hin i ha.
140
Ph lc 3
Danh sch hi c tnh cht c th

hot ng trn phm vi c nc
(Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 68/2010/Q-TTG ngy
1/11/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph)
1.
Lin hip cc hi Khoa hc v K thut Vit Nam
2.
Lin hip cc T chc hu ngh Vit Nam
3.
Lin hip cc hi Vn hc v Ngh thut Vit Nam
4.
Phng Thng mi v Cng nghip Vit Nam
5.
Hi Nh vn Vit Nam
6.
Hi Nh bo Vit Nam
7.
Hi Lut gia Vit Nam
8.
Lin minh Hp tc x Vit Nam
9.
Hi Ch thp Vit Nam
10.
Hi Sinh vin Vit Nam
11.
Hi Vn ngh dn gian Vit Nam
12.
Hi Nhc s Vit Nam
13.
Hi in nh Vit Nam
14.
Hi Ngh s ma Vit Nam
15.
Hi Kin trc s Vit Nam
16.
Hi M thut Vit Nam
141
17.
Hi Ngh s sn khu Vit Nam
18.
Hi Vn hc ngh thut cc dn tc thiu s Vit Nam
19.
Hi Ngh s nhip nh Vit Nam
20.
Hi Ngi cao tui Vit Nam
21.
Hi Ngi m Vit Nam
22.
Hi ng y Vit Nam
23.
Hi Nn nhn cht c da cam/dioxin Vit Nam
24.
Tng hi Y hc Vit Nam
25.
Hi Cu thanh nin xung phong Vit Nam
26.
Hi Bo tr ngi tn tt v tr m ci Vit Nam
27.
Hi Cu tr tr em tn tt Vit Nam
28.
Hi Khuyn hc Vit Nam
142
Ph lc 4
Danh mc a bn thc hin

mc lng ti thiu t nm 2015
(Ban hnh km theo Ngh nh s 103/2014/N-CP ngy
11/11/2014 ca Chnh ph)
1. Vng I, gm cc a bn:
- Cc qun v cc huyn Gia Lm, ng Anh, Sc Sn, Thanh Tr,
Thng Tn, Hoi c, Thch Tht, Quc Oai, Thanh Oai, M Linh,
Chng M v th x Sn Ty thuc thnh ph H Ni;
- Cc qun v cc huyn Thy Nguyn, An Dng, An Lo,
Vnh Bo thuc thnh ph Hi Phng;
- Cc qun v cc huyn C Chi, Hc Mn, Bnh Chnh, Nh B
thuc thnh ph H Ch Minh;
- Thnh ph Bin Ha v cc huyn Nhn Trch, Long Thnh, Vnh
Cu, Trng Bom thuc tnh ng Nai;
- Thnh ph Th Du Mt, cc th x Thun An, D An, Bn Ct,
Tn Uyn v cc huyn Bu Bng, Bc Tn Uyn thuc tnh Bnh Dng;
- Thnh ph Vng Tu thuc tnh B Ra - Vng Tu.
2. Vng II, gm cc a bn: (79)
- Cc huyn cn li thuc thnh ph H Ni; (6)
- Cc huyn cn li thuc thnh ph Hi Phng; (4)
143
- Thnh ph Hi Dng thuc tnh Hi Dng; (1)

- Thnh ph Hng Yn v cc huyn M Ho, Vn Lm, Vn
Giang, Yn M thuc tnh Hng Yn; (5)
- Thnh ph Vnh Yn, th x Phc Yn v cc huyn Bnh Xuyn,
Yn Lc thuc tnh Vnh Phc; (4)
- Thnh ph Bc Ninh, th x T Sn v cc huyn Qu V, Tin
Du, Yn Phong, Thun Thnh thuc tnh Bc Ninh; (6)
- Cc thnh ph H Long, Cm Ph, Ung B, Mng Ci thuc tnh
Qung Ninh; (4)
- Thnh ph Thi Nguyn thuc tnh Thi Nguyn; (1)
- Thnh ph Vit Tr thuc tnh Ph Th; (1)
- Thnh ph Lo Cai thuc tnh Lo Cai; (1)
- Thnh ph Nam nh v huyn M Lc thuc tnh Nam nh; (2)
- Thnh ph Ninh Bnh thuc tnh Ninh Bnh; (1)
- Thnh ph Hu thuc tnh Tha Thin Hu; (1)
- Cc qun, huyn thuc thnh ph Nng; (8)
- Cc thnh ph Nha Trang, Cam Ranh thuc tnh Khnh Ha; (2)
- Cc thnh ph Lt, Bo Lc thuc tnh Lm ng; (2)
- Thnh ph Phan Thit thuc tnh Bnh Thun; (1)
- Huyn Cn Gi thuc thnh ph H Ch Minh; (1)
- Thnh ph Ty Ninh v cc huyn Trng Bng, G Du thuc tnh
Ty Ninh; (3)
- Th x Long Khnh v cc huyn nh Qun, Xun Lc thuc tnh
ng Nai; (3)
- Cc huyn cn li thuc tnh Bnh Dng; (2)
- Th x ng Xoi v huyn Chn Thnh thuc tnh Bnh Phc; (2)
144
Ph lc
- Thnh ph B Ra v huyn Tn Thnh thuc tnh B Ra - Vng
Tu; (2)
- Thnh ph Tn An v cc huyn c Ha, Bn Lc, Cn c,
Cn Giuc thuc tnh Long An; (5)
- Thnh ph M Tho thuc tnh Tin Giang; (1)
- Cc qun thuc thnh ph Cn Th; (5)
- Thnh ph Rch Gi, th x H Tin v huyn Ph Quc thuc
tnh Kin Giang; (3)
- Thnh ph Long Xuyn thuc tnh An Giang; (1)
- Thnh ph C Mau thuc tnh C Mau. (1)
3. Vng III, gm cc a bn: (171)
- Cc thnh ph trc thuc tnh cn li (tr cc thnh ph trc thuc
tnh nu ti vng I, vng II); (2)
- Th x Ch Linh v cc huyn Cm Ging, Nam Sch, Kim Thnh,
Kinh Mn, Gia Lc, Bnh Giang, T K thuc tnh Hi Dng; (8)
- Cc huyn Vnh Tng, Tam o, Tam Dng, Lp Thch, Sng
L thuc tnh Vnh Phc; (5)
- Th x Ph Th v cc huyn Ph Ninh, Lm Thao, Thanh Ba,
Tam Nng thuc tnh Ph Th; (5)
- Cc huyn Gia Bnh, Lng Ti thuc tnh Bc Ninh; (2)
- Cc huyn Vit Yn, Yn Dng, Hip Ha, Tn Yn, Lng Giang
thuc tnh Bc Giang; (5)
- Cc huyn Honh B, ng Triu thuc tnh Qung Ninh; (2)
- Cc huyn Bo Thng, Sa Pa thuc tnh Lo Cai; (2)
- Cc huyn cn li thuc tnh Hng Yn; (5)
- Th x Sng Cng v cc huyn Ph Yn, Ph Bnh, Ph Lng,
ng H, i T thuc tnh Thi Nguyn; (6)
145
- Cc huyn cn li thuc tnh Nam nh; (8)

- Cc huyn Duy Tin, Kim Bng thuc tnh H Nam; (2)
- Th x Tam ip v cc huyn Gia Vin, Yn Khnh, Hoa L
thuc tnh Ninh Bnh; (4)
- Huyn Lng Sn thuc tnh Ha Bnh; (1)
- Th x Bm Sn v huyn Tnh Gia thuc tnh Thanh Ha; (2)
- Huyn K Anh thuc tnh H Tnh; (1)
- Cc th x Hng Thy, Hng Tr v cc huyn Ph Lc, Phong
in, Qung in, Ph Vang thuc tnh Tha Thin Hu; (6)
- Cc huyn in Bn, i Lc, Duy Xuyn, Ni Thnh thuc tnh
Qung Nam; (4)
- Cc huyn Bnh Sn, Sn Tnh thuc tnh Qung Ngi; (2)
- Th x Sng Cu v huyn ng Ha thuc tnh Ph Yn; (2)
- Cc huyn Ninh Hi, Thun Bc thuc tnh Ninh Thun; (2)
- Th x Ninh Ha v cc huyn Cam Lm, Din Khnh, Vn Ninh
thuc tnh Khnh Ha; (4)
- Huyn k H thuc tnh Kon Tum; (1)
- Cc huyn c Trng, Di Linh thuc tnh Lm ng; (2)
- Th x La Gi v cc huyn Hm Thun Bc, Hm Thun Nam
thuc tnh Bnh Thun; (3)
- Cc th x Phc Long, Bnh Long v cc huyn ng Ph, Hn
Qun thuc tnh Bnh Phc; (4)
- Cc huyn cn li thuc tnh Ty Ninh; (6)
- Cc huyn cn li thuc tnh ng Nai; (3)
- Cc huyn Long in, t , Xuyn Mc, Chu c, Cn o
thuc tnh B Ra - Vng Tu; (5)
146
Ph lc
- Th x Kin Tng v cc huyn Th Tha, c Hu, Chu
Thnh, Tn Tr, Thnh Ha thuc tnh Long An; (6)
- Th x G Cng v huyn Chu Thnh thuc tnh Tin Giang; (2)
- Huyn Chu Thnh thuc tnh Bn Tre; (1)
- Th x Bnh Minh v huyn Long H thuc tnh Vnh Long; (2)
- Cc huyn thuc thnh ph Cn Th; (4)
- Cc huyn Kin Lng, Kin Hi, Giang Thnh, Chu Thnh
thuc tnh Kin Giang; (4)
- Th x Tn Chu thuc tnh An Giang; (1)
- Th x Ng By v cc huyn Chu Thnh, Chu Thnh A thuc
tnh Hu Giang; (3)
- Cc huyn Nm Cn, Ci Nc, U Minh, Trn Vn Thi thuc
tnh C Mau. (4)
4. Vng IV, gm cc a bn cn li./.
-----
147
Ph lc 5
Tnh chi ngn sch cho

cp huyn
Chi ph cho on th cp huyn trong iu kin thiu mt s bin s
c tnh nh sau:
Xi = S x R x 1/(1+r)
Trong :
Xi l chi on th cp huyn cho tng n v hnh chnh.
S l tng chi cho hnh chnh, ng, on th ca tng n v
hnh chnh.
R l t l chi ngn sch cho on th trn tng chi ngn sch hnh
chnh cp tnh trong nm tnh ton. r l tc tng trng chi ngn
sch hnh chnh, nm 2012 l nm gc.
Tnh ton da trn nguyn tc quy gi tr v nm gc 2012.
i vi cc n v hnh chnh thuc tnh Qung Tr: R trong nm
2013 = 6,64%, r = -5,8%.
- i vi cc huyn Lng Sn c la chn lm mu c quyt
ton ngn sch 2013, chi ngn sch cho cp huyn c tnh bng cng
thc trn, vi r = 5,2%.
- i vi cc huyn Ph Th: R = 7%, r = 21% (s liu 2013).
- i vi cc n v thuc tnh B Ra - Vng Tu c s liu quyt
ton nm 2012: R = 5%.
148
Ph lc
- i vi n v thuc tnh Kin Giang c s liu quyt ton nm
2013: Giang Thnh: r = -20%. i vi huyn Kin Hi c s liu quyt
ton nm 2010, ly r1 = 30%, r2 = 17% (r1 l t l tng chi ngn sch
2010 - 2011, v r2 l t l tng chi ngn sch t 2011 - 2012).
- i vi n v thuc tnh Sn La c s liu quyt ton nm 2012:
R = 7%.
- i vi n v thuc tnh Bc Liu c liu quyt ton nm 2013:
R = 8%, r = -20%.
- i vi n v thuc tnh Bnh Phc c liu quyt ton nm
2013, R = 12%, r = -4%.
- i vi n v thuc tnh Tin Giang, R = 16%, r = -4%.
- i vi n v thuc tnh Tr Vinh, r = 26%.
- i vi n v thuc tnh Vnh Long, R = 8,1%, tnh t t l chi
cho cc t chc qun chng cng/chi qun l hnh chnh ca cc tnh
ng bng sng Cu Long. r = 24%. Vi huyn Long H, chi ngn sch
cho cc t chc qun chng cng = tng chi ngn sch x rd (rd l t trng
chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng ti ng bng sng Cu Long trn
tng chi ngn sch).
- i vi n v thuc tnh Qung Bnh, R = 13%, r = 27% (nm
2013). Trong , chi on th ca ng Hi c tnh nh sau:
X = NS x r. Vi: X l ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng, NS
l tng ngn sch quyt ton ca thnh ph trong nm 2012, v r l t l
chi on th/tng chi ngn sch tnh Qung Bnh trong nm quyt ton
nm 2012.
- i vi n v thuc tnh Qung Ngi, R = 10%.
- i vi n v thuc Lm ng c liu quyt ton nm 2013,
R = 7,2%.
- i vi huyn Yn Th (Bc Giang) c liu quyt ton nm 2013,
r = 32%.
149
- i vi huyn Qunh Lu (Ngh An) c liu quyt ton nm

2013, r = 30%.
- i vi thnh ph Lo Cai (tnh Lo Cai), Xi = tng chi ngn sch
cp thnh ph x t l chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng trn tng chi
ngn sch cp tnh.
150
Ph lc 6
Chi ngn sch cho cc t chc

qun chng cng cp x
mt s a phng
Tnh Khnh Ha
Theo Quyt nh s 1827/Q-UBND ca UBND tnh Khnh Ha v quy
nh khon kinh ph qun l hnh chnh trn a bn x, mi x s c phn
b chi ph hot theo s lng cn b chuyn trch v khng chuyn trch;
trong 15 triu ng/bin ch/nm vi cn b chuyn trch, v 7,5 triu
ng/ngi/nm vi cn b khng chuyn trch. Vi cc x min ni, con
s ny l 18 triu/bin ch/nm, v 9 triu/ngi/nm.
Mi x c 5 cn b chuyn trch trong t chc chnh tr - x hi v
9 cn b khng chuyn trch (theo Ngh quyt s 10/2013/NQ-HND
v s cn b khng chuyn trch cp x ca tnh Khnh Ha).
Theo Tng cc Thng k (2012), Khnh Ha c 140 n v hnh
chnh cp x, tr 27 n v ca thnh ph Nha Trang ( c s chi c
th), c 113 n v cn tnh ton. Trong , c 10 x min ni (theo
Quyt nh s 68/UBQ ca y ban Dn tc min ni). Vy:
Chi n v hnh chnh x = 103 x (5 x 15 + 7,5 x 9) = 14,678 t ng
Chi n v hnh chnh x min ni =10 x (5 x 18 + 9 x 9) =1,71 t ng
Nh vy, tng chi cho cc t chc qun chng cng cp x c
tnh t 16,388 t ng.
Tnh Hi Dng: 21,2 t ng, theo t trnh s 52/TTr-UBND ca
UBND tnh Hi Dng.
151
Ph lc 7
Hi ph
ca mt s hi c th (2014)
Hi vin
Hi ph
(ng)
Tng ph (ng)
Hi Nh vn Vit Nam
700
120.000
84.000.000
Hi Nh bo Vit Nam
19.000
120.000
2.280.000.000
Hi Lut gia Vit Nam
46.000
120.000
5.520.000.000
Hi Vn ngh dn gian Vit Nam
1.000
120.000
120.000.000
Hi Nhc s Vit Nam
1.649
120.000
197.880.000
Hi in nh Vit Nam
1.500
120.000
180.000.000
Hi Ngh s ma Vit Nam
600
120.000
72.000.000
Hi Kin trc s Vit Nam
4.100
120.000
492.000.000
Hi M thut Vit Nam
1.780
120.000
213.600.000
10
Hi Ngh s sn khu Vit Nam
2.000
120.000
240.000.000
11
Hi Vn hc ngh thut dn tc
thiu s Vit Nam
943
120.000
113.160.000
12
Hi Ngh s nhip nh Vit Nam
1.000
120.000
120.000.000
13
Hi Ngi cao tui Vit Nam
8.300.000
24.000
199.200.000.000
14
Hi Ngi m Vit Nam
64.000
12.000
768.000.000
152
Ph lc
15
Hi ng y Vit Nam
70.000
120.000
8.400.000.000
16
Tng hi Y hc Vit Nam
200.000
50.000
10.000.000.000
17
Hi Cu thanh nin xung phong

Vit Nam
370.000
24.000
8.880.000.000
18
Hi Khuyn hc Vit Nam
7.500.000
12.000
90.000.000.000
Tng
326.880.640.000
153
Ph lc 8
Cng thc tnh s mu la chn

S mu cn phn tch m bo tin cy mong mun ca kt qu
c tnh da trn cng thc sau1:
Trong :
N = kch c tng th
P = t l tng th
Q = 1-P
k = mc chnh xc mong mun, k = 90%.
z l gi tr ca ca phn b chun ti mc tin cy mong mun
1-/2.
y l cng thc tnh s mu vi tng th c quy m nh, theo http://vidac.org/vn/congcu-ho-tro/tinh-kich-thuoc-mau

1
154
Phu luc 9
Phng vn chuyn su
v ni dung bang hoi
thc hin b khung nghin cu trn trn, nhm s dng cng c
nghin cu chnh l phng vn chuyn su lnh o, cn b cao cp
lm vic ti on th, hi c th ca a phng. C tng s 39 ngi
tham gia trao i chuyn su vi , trong s c 36 ngi l phng
vn trc tip, 3 n v cn li (TW on, Thnh on H Ni, Hi Nh
bo Kin Giang) tr li bng vn bn. Trong c:
2 ph Gim c S Ni v
1 ch tch MTTQ Thnh ph

2 ph ch tch MTTQ cp tnh
9 ch tch/b th on th, hi cp tnh/thnh/th x

6 trng phng chuyn mn thuc cc s Ni v
7 ph ch tch/ph b th cp tnh/thnh/th x
7 ch tch on th, hi c th cp x/phng
1 chnh vn phng MTTQ cp tnh

2 ph chnh VP (TW on v s Ni v)
m bo b mt thng tin cho nhng ngi tham gia vo qu

trnh phng vn, nhm nghin cu khng cng khai danh tnh m s
dng k hiu m ha (TW = Trung ng hi, HN = H Ni, B = Bnh
nh, KG = Kin Giang).
Thng tin t nghin cu thc a cng s c s dng b sung
vo phn c lng thng k trn.
155
AI HOC QUC GIA HA NI

VIN NGHIN CU KINH T V CHNH SCH (VEPR)
PHIU TRAO I KIN

M phiu:
c c s thc t cho vic xut vi ng v Nh nc v cc vn lin quan ti
on th v hi c th, xin Anh/Ch vui lng dnh thi gian v cho kin vo phiu trao
i ny. Thi gian trao i khong khong 1 ting ng h.
a im thc hin (ghi a ch y nht)

Thn: ..............................................................................................................................................................
X: .............................................................................................................................................................
Huyn: .......................................................................Tnh/Thnh: ...........................................................
Tn v ch k iu tra vin:..................................................................................................................
Ngy thc hin: ..........................................................................................................................................
156
Ph lc
THNG TIN NGI TR LI

1. H tn ngi tr li: ...........................................................................................................................
2. V tr cng tc: .........................................................................................................................................
3. C quan cng tc: ................................................................................................................................
4. Thi gian cng tc: ............................................................................................................................
5. Nm sinh: ...............................................................................................................................................
6. Gii tnh:
1.

2.
3.
4.
1. Nam
2. N
Quy m t chc ca Hi hot ng trn a bn a phng

S lng thnh vin:
Quy m nhn lc:
Ti chnh:
Ngun thu m bo hot ng ca Hi bao gm?
C cu chi ngn sch ca Hi ?
C ch gim st s dng ngn sch nh nc ca Hi ?
5. Thu nhp ca cn b, cng chc (chuyn trch v khng chuyn trch) lm vic
cho Hi trn a bn tnh ?
6. Din tch t, mt bng ca Hi trn a bn tnh c Nh nc giao lm
tr s v s dng cho mc ch kinh t v Nh nc giao?
xut nng cao hiu qu hot ng ca Hi ti a phng?:
157
Ti liu tham kho

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165
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trong giai on pht trin hin nay. X hi hc (Sociology). Issue 4,
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nh li v suy ngm. NXB Tri Thc, H Ni.
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166
Cc vn bn php l
B Lut dn s nm 2005. Theo iu 85, Chng IV ca B Lut Dn
s 2005, cc c nhn, t chc c quyn thnh lp php nhn. Khon
4, iu 100 c quy nh cc t chc T chc chnh tr x hi - ngh
nghip, t chc x hi, t chc x hi - ngh nghip l php nhn.
Hin Php nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha nm 1946.
(http://www.moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/
View_Detail.aspx?ItemID=536)
Hin php nm 1946. iu 10, Chng II ca Hin php 1946 quy
nh rng cng dn c quyn t do t chc v hi hp.
Hin php nm 1959 ca nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha.
iu25 quy nh Cng dn nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ho c cc
quyn t do ngn lun, bo ch, hi hp, lp hi v biu tnh. Nh nc
bo m nhng iu kin vt cht cn thit cng dn c hng
cc quyn .
Hin php nm 1980 ca Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam.
iu67 quy nh Cng dn c cc quyn t do ngn lun, t do bo
ch, t do hi hp, t do lp hi, t do biu tnh, ph hp vi li ch ca
ch ngha x hi v ca nhn dn.
Hin php nm 1992 ca Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam.
iu 69 quy nh Cng dn c quyn t do ngn lun, t do bo ch;
c quyn c thng tin; c quyn hi hp, lp hi, biu tnh theo quy
nh ca php lut.
Hin php sa i nm 2013. iu 25 quy nh Cng dn c
quyn t do ngn lun, t do bo ch, tip cn thng tin, hi hp, lp
hi, biu tnh.
167
Lut Mt trn T quc nm 1999.

Lut ngn sach nh nc nm 2002.
Lut cng on 2012.
Lut bo him x hi (sa i) nm 2014.
Lut bnh ng gii nm 2006.
Lut thanh nin nm 2005.
Ngh nh s 56/2012/N-CP ngy 16/7/2012 ca Chnh ph v
vic quy nh trch nhim ca b, ngnh, UBND cc cp trong vic bo
m cho cc cp Hi LHPN Vit Nam tham gia qun l nh nc.
Ngh nh s 88/2003/N-CP quy nh v t chc, hot ngv
qun l hi.
Ngh nh s 148/2007/N-CP v t chc, hot ng ca qu x
hi, qu t thin.
Ngh nh s 45/2010/N-CP ban hnh nm 2010, quy nh v t
chc, hot ng v qun l hi.
Ngh nh s 103/2014/N-CP quy nh mc lng ti thiu vng
i vi ngi lao ng lm vic doanh nghip, hp tc x, t hp tc,
trang tri, h gia nh, c nhn v cc c quan, t chc c thu mn
lao ng theo hp ng lao ng.
Nghi inh s 60/2003/N-CP quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi
hnh Lut ngn sch nh nc.
Ngh nh s 92/2009/N-CP v chc danh, s lng, mt s ch
, chnh sch i vi cn b, cng chc x, phng, th trn v
nhng ngi hot ng khng chuyn trch cp x.
Ngh nh s 70/2008/N-CPngy 04/6/2007ca Chnh phquy
nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut bnh ng gii.
Ngh quyt s 24/2008/NQ-CP ca Chnh ph: Ban hnh Chng
trnh hnh ng ca Chnh ph thc hin Ngh quyt Hi ngh ln th
168
Cc vn bn php l
7 Ban Chp hnh Trung ng ng kha X v nng nghip, nng dn,
nng thn.
Nghi inh s 41/2012/N-CP quy nh v v tr vic lm trong n
v s nghip cng lp.
Quyt nh s 21/2003/Q-TTG v vic ngn sch nh nc h tr
cho cc t chc chnh tr - x hi ngh nghip, t chc x hi, t chc
x hi - ngh nghip i vi nhng hot ng gn vi nhim v ca
Nh nc.
Quyt nh s 68/2010/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph : V
vic quy nh hi c tnh cht c th.
Quyt nh s 247/2006/Q-TTG ngy 30 thng 10 nm 2006 ca
Th tng Chnh ph v vic sa i, b sung mt s iu ca Quyt
nh s 21/2003/Q-TTG ngy 29 thng 01 nm 2003 ca Th tng
Chnh ph.
Quyt nh s 97/2009/Q-TTG v vic ban hnh danh mc cc
lnh vc c nhn c thnh lp t chc nghin cu khoa hc, t chc
nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh, t chc dch v khoa hc
v cng ngh.
Quyt nh s 71/2011/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph v bo
m, h tr kinh ph t ngn sch nh nc i vi cc hi c tnh cht
c th.
Quyt nh 1111/Q-BHXH ngy 25/10/2011 ca BHXH Vit Nam.
Quyt nh s 673/Q-TTG ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic Hi
Nng dn Vit Nam trc tip thc hin v phi hp thc hin mt s
chng trnh, n pht trin kinh t, vn ha, x hi nng thn giai
on 2011 2020.
Quyt nh s 30/2013/Q-UBND ca UBND TP. H Ni v vic
quy nh mc khon kinh ph hot ng i vi y ban MTTQ, cc
on th chnh tr - x hi x, phng, th trn trn a bn TP. H Ni.
169
Php lnh s 27/2005/PL-UBTVQH1 iu chnh Hi Cu chin binh.

Php lnh s 27/2005/PL-UBTVQH1 iu chnh Hi Cu chin binh.
Thng t 03/2013/TT-BNV. Quy nh chi tit thi hnh ngh nh
45/2010/N-CP v ngh nh 33/2012/N-CP.
Sc lnh S102/SL-L004 Ngy 20-5-1957 v quyn lp hi. iu 1
quy nh quyn lp hi ca nhn dn c tn trng v bo m.
Thng t lin tch s 71/2014/TTLT-BTC-BNV quy nh ch t
ch, t chu trch nhim v s dng kinh ph qun l hnh chnh i vi
c quan nh nc.
170
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (ENGLISH)
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS

OF STATE-SPONSORED MASS
ORGANIZATIONS IN VIETNAM
8/2015
RESEARCH TEAM
Nguyen Duc Thanh: PhD in Development Economics from the

National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Tokyo,
Japan; member of the Macroeconomic Advisory Group (MAG)
of the National Assemblys Economic Committee; member of the
Macroeconomic Advisory Group for the Prime Minister; President
of Viet Nam Institute for Economic and Policy Research (VEPR).
Nguyen Khac Giang: MA in Media and Globalization from Aarhus
University and City University, London. Nguyen Khac Giang is
currently a researcher at VEPR.
Associate Prof. Dr. Vu Sy Cuong: PhD in Financial Economics from
Universit Paris 1 Panthon-Sorbonne; expert on public finance
and development policy; worked for various consultation groups
for Ministry of Finance, The Economic Committee of the National
Assembly. Dr. Vu Sy Vuong is currently Associate Professor at the
Academy of Finance.
172
INTRODUCTION
Vietnamese social organizations with state elements are early formed and
have played an important role in the countrys development process. These
incudy, the authors apply the method of Most Different Systems Design
(MDSD) in order to evaluate the system in local areas which different
characteristics. Three localities were selected for field studies Hanoi, Binh
Dinh, and Kien Giang.
Overview on the system of state-sponsored mass
organizations in Vietnam
State-sponsored mass organizations, also known as socio-political
organizations, were founded by Vietnam Communist Party (VCP). Vietnam
Fatherlands Front (VFF) and other mass organizations were mostly
established before the August Revolution (1945) in order to mobilize
public supports and participation for VCPs political movements, mainly
movements for national independence. After 1975, these organizations
have been organized as an extended arm of the Party, in order to reach and
mobilize the masses to participate and support the regimes policy.
The public associations (since 2010 their names have been changed
to specialized associations), in theory established under the principles
of voluntariness, were mostly established since the Doi Moi (1986). These
organizations were less connected and less strictly controlled by the Party
and the government.
VFF and mass organizations have their systems organized in a topdown approach from central to local levels (4 levels), with the smallest local
levels called grassroots representatives (chi hi) (villages, residential areas,
offices, businesses). For specialized associations, the system normally held
with two levels (national and provincial). There are exceptions, such as
173
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
the Association for the Elderly and the Red Cross, which have a network
operation down to communes.
Up to 74% of Vietnam's population being members of at least one
organization and 62% are members of at least two organizations. These,
theoretically, make Vietnam one of the countries with the highest numbers
of population participating in social organizations in Asia: an average
Vietnamese is a member of 2.33 organizations, while the figure in China is
0.39 and Singapore 0.86.
VFF and mass organizations are considered as an important part of
the political system, are listed as units of the public service, and funded
similarly as state bureaucracies. As for specialized associations, state
funding is channeled by implementing tasks assigned by the State.
Estimation of social and economic costs
for state-sponsored mass organizations
Revenues from state budget of VFF and mass organizations and

specialized associations are regulated under the provisions of the Budget
Law and other guiding documents. These are taken from two sources: the
central budget (for the central bureaus of these organizations) and local
budgets (for local bureaus).
174
Introduction
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total
Youth Union
Farmers' Union
General Federation of Labour
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
VFF
Women Union
Veterans' Union
Figure 24: Central budget for state-sponsored mass organizations (2006-14)
The central budget for the aforementioned organizations in 2014 was

1261 billion VND (57.8 million USD). That doubles the numbers in 2006
(at 532.5 billion VND).
The total amount of budget supports to state-sponsored mass
organizations during the 2006 - 14 increased from 781.3 billion VND
(2006) to 1899.7 billion VND (2014 - estimates), accounting for about
1.1% of the total state budget for central ministries and central agencies
in 2014. This is equivalent to the amount of expenditure for the Ministry
of Planning and Investment (1,873 billion VND), Ministry of Science
and Technology (1,768 billion VND), and Ministry of Industry and Trade
(1,916 billion VND).
For local budgets, according to the regulations on financial autonomy
of local authorities, state budget for mass organizations are divided into 3
levels (city /province, district / county, commune / ward). Research results
showed that the estimated budget for these organizations at local level stay
at 9529 billion VND (estimated in 2012), or 440 million USD.
The total estimated budget for the mass organizations is at 12 638
billion VND. Price converted to the time in 2014, reaching 14,023 billion
VND (640 million USD).
175
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Spending for state-sponsored mass organizations
Government Office
Ministry of Planning and Investment
Ministry of Education and Training
2014
Figure 25: State budget for state-sponsored mass organizations in comparison with
selected ministries (2006-2014)
Other economic costs of the society

for state-sponsored mass organizations
Member fees
Mass organizations
Farmers Union
Communist Youth Union
Women Union
Veterans Association
VGCL
Specialized associations
Total
Member fees (Billion VND)

139,04
282,92
181,31
64,8
3382,89
6715
10765,96
Table 16: Incomes from member fees of state-sponsored mass organizations
Incomes from trust fees from Vietnam Bank for Social Policy (VBSP)
According to the 2013 audited financial report of VBSP, trust fees paid to
state-sponsored mass organizations stay at 1862 billion VND (85.39 million
USD). Converted in 2014 price, the paid trust fees to state-sponsored mass
organizations are 2066 billion VND (94.75 million USD).
176
Introduction
Incomes from funding from international NGOs
According to statistics from PACCOM (2014), donors from international
NGOs reached 300 million USD in 2014; accordingly, a large amount was
assigned to state-sponsored mass organizations which are considered as
their partners in local areas.
Based on the list of project proposals in Da Nang1 in 2015 to calculate
mass organizations shared in using funding from international NGOs, the
total sources of revenues for mass organizations from international NGOs
are 712,6 billion VND (32.68 million USD).
Incomes from management fees of social fundraising
Mass organizations are responsible for raising social funds from the
public, such as poverty reduction funds, disaster relief funds, and most
recently maritime sovereignty funds. They are allowed to extract up to 5%
of the total funds for management fees. Take the average fees of surveyed
localities at 5.96 billion VND (273,000 USD), the total management fees
of social funds nationwide are estimated at 375.75 billion VND (17.23
million USD).
Estimation of opportunity costs and shadow costs from fixed property
and human resources of state-sponsored mass organizations
Opportunity costs from fixed property
Mass organizations and several specialized associations are supported by
the state for their headquarters and offices at all bureaucratic levels. At the
central and provincial levels, these organizations are normally assigned
their own offices; at lower levels (districts, communes, and wards); these
organizations frequently share offices with one another. Besides, several
mass organizations, such as Women Union and Communist Youth Union,
are granted property for their specialized roles, for e.g. vocational training
schools and centers for youth entertainment.
This is the province with the most detailed information on international partners and
receives an average amount of international NGOs donors.
1
177
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Take the estimated value from property managed by VFF, mass

organizations, and specialized associations as the possible capital sources
for the society, the research team estimates the opportunity costs of these
properties according to three scenarios as follow:
Best case scenario: take return on equity ratio (ROE) of state-owned
enterprises as base point1 (16.47% in 2014): 205.82*0.1647=33.89
trillion VND (1.55 billion USD) in 2014.
Average case scenario: take mobilization rate of Vietcombank
on January, 2014 for one-year term at 7.5% as base point: 15.44
trillion VND (708 million USD).
Worst case scenario: take Consumer Price Index (CPI) in 2014
(4.09%) as base point: 8.41 trillion VND (386 million USD).
Shadow costs from human resources
According to General Statistics Office (2012), there are 337,981 officials2
working for VFF, mass organizations and specialized associations
nationwide. The numbers of working officials in the state bureaucracy
who also hold posts in mass organizations are not included. This number
accounts for 1.1% of Vietnams total labor force. Field study and desk
research show that nominal incomes of officials working for mass
organizations and specialized associations are considerably lower than the
average incomes of labor with the same qualifications in localities. The
difference is the shadow costs of human resources in the system of mass
organizations and specialized associations.
Report on the financial situation and business performance of state-owned enterprises,

submitted to the National Assembly (2013)
2
GSO (2012) and National Assembly Committee on Social Issues (2014)
1
178
Introduction
Levels of Officials
Quantity
Total salary pool

(year, bn VND)
Differences
with the
social average
incomes
Shadow cost
(bn VND)
2414
475.1
45%
213.80
Officials at provincial
and district level
128695
8648.3
16%
1383.70
Officials at
commune level
66966
2266.1
35%
793.10
Non-permanent officials
at commune level
48069
721
65%
468.65
High level
Total
246.144
2859.33
Table 17: Shadow costs from human resources in the system of mass organizations
and specialized associations
According to the aforementioned estimations of economic costs from

VFF, mass organizations, and special associations in Vietnam, the result is
as follows:
Billion VND
State budget
14023
Member fees
10766
Trust fees from VBSP
2066.1
Incomes from international cooperation
712.6
Incomes from management fees of social fundraising
375.8
Opportunity cost: property

The system of GCL guesthouses and hotels
Shadow cost from human resources
Total economic cost
33898.6
6450
2859.3
71151.4 (3.26 billion USD)
Table 18: Economic costs of state-sponsored mass organizations in 2014 (Bestcase scenario)
179
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As regards the average case scenario, the total economic costs of the
society for VFF, mass organizations, and special associations is 52688.91
billion VND (2.42 billion USD), and the worst case scenario is 45670.59
billion VND in 2014. For the best case scenario, the number is equivalent
to 1.7% of Vietnams Gross Domestic Product in 2014.
The operational system and its effectiveness of VFF, mass organizations,
and special associations funded by the state in selected localities
- Mass organizations and special associations are organized in the
formation of the state bureaucracy system, yet in a more loosened way.
There is no hierarchy among different levels of bureaucracy (as it is in the
state bureaucratic system).
- Tenures are granted based on the bureaucratic levels. Despite
differences on operational areas and population, the numbers of granted
tenures are fixed. Costs for tenured officials (salary, social insurance
costs, etc.) account for the biggest portion in the state-sponsored mass
organizations budget. In some local areas, spending for tenures accounts
for more than 90% local budget.
- There is an increasing trend of bureaucratization of several mass
organizations and specialized associations, which are shown in the fact that
these organizations are increasingly assigned more tasks from the state.
- The effectiveness of these organizations depends considerably on the
capacity of their officials.
- State-sponsored mass organizations are treated as bureaucratic
agencies and given special treatments such as granted cars, offices, and
other benefits. Several specialized associations said that they belong to
the provincial Peoples Committee and receive operational budget from
the province. In more grassroots levels (communes), many head offices
of mass organizations are located inside the state agency office complexes
(headquarters of the Peoples Committee and the Peoples Council).
- All the informants at the locality levels said that operational budgets
for mass organizations in the district level and below are not enough for
effective activities. For example, in many communes, the Communist
180
Introduction
Youth Union is almost inactive from March to the end of the year due to
budget constraints.
- Despite the rate of member fee collection is always 100%, the reality
never reaches that performance in the locality levels. The normal practice
is that mass organizations will deduct parts of the collected fees, which
they are allowed to keep, to submit the required fees (normally at 60 70%) to their upper bureaucratic agencies.
- State-sponsored mass organizations at local levels have many joint
projects with domestic and international donors and partners. These are
important sources to guarantee for mass organizations operational budgets
in time of budget constraints.
- Mass organizations, in particular the Communist Youth Union and the
Women Union, are increasingly using social fundraising for their activities.
Recommendations
Recommendation 1: There should be a comprehensive legal document,
preferably a specialized Law on Mass Organizations and Special
Associations or articles on these organizations in a Law on Associations.
Recommendation 2: There should be more comprehensive regulations
on financial management of VFF, mass organizations and special
associations. These organizations must be required to make their annual
financial reports published and supervised by chosen committee.
Recommendation 3: It is recommended to reinforce the de facto role
of VFF, so that this organization can take the responsibility as the head
of mass organizations and specialized associations, particularly at local
levels. The research team suggests that the five mass organizations and
other specialized associations at commune level should be put under the
management of VFF.
Recommendation 4: There should be changes in state budget allocation
for mass organizations and specialized associations which focus on the
effectiveness and demand of each organization in each locality.
Recommendation 5: It is necessary to assign the work of VFF, mass
organizations and specialized associations based on their capability and
resources. State assignments should focus on more practical and suitable tasks.
181
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recommendation 6: remove the policy to grant operational budget to

specialized associations based on the number of tenure. It is recommended
to step by step take these associations out of state subsidy.
Recommendation 7: As regards state assignments which are currently
given to specialized associations, they need to be put into public auctions
in order to raise competition and effectiveness for public service.
Recommendation 8: It is recommended to reevaluate the financial
capability of economic units within mass organizations and specialized
associations, then apply the socialization policy for these units, step by step
remove their dependence on state budget. At the same time, it is recommended
to equitize state-owned enterprises belonging to these organizations, forcing
them to operate independently according to market principles
182

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C LNG CHI PH KINH T

CHO CC T CHC QUN CHNG CNG

Cun sch ny c thc hin vi s h tr kinh ph ca

C LNG CHI PH KINH T CHO

Vin Nghin cu Kinh t v Chnh sch (VEPR)

Chu trch nhim ni dung:

Tng bin tp L B Ton

Bin tp vin: Nguyn Th Vinh

Thit k ba: Cupib

Trnh by: Vi Xun

Sa bn in: Khc Giang

Vit Nam, c nhiu t chc mang tnh x hi c bao cp hoc h

Trong gii hn v thi gian cng nh quy m, nghin cu ny k

Nghin cu c lng chi ph kinh t cho cc t chc qun chng

Thanh nin huyn Ty Sn, Hi Ph n huyn Ty Sn, Mt trn

CHNG I: MC CH V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

II. Phng php nghin cu

CHNG II: TNG QUAN H THNG

I. L thuyt v Cc t chc qun chng cng

I. Ngn sch Trung ng

II. Ngn sch a phng

CHNG IV: CC CHI PH KINH T KHC

II. Thu nhp t ph y thc t Ngn hng Chnh sch X hi (VBSP)

CHNG V: C TNH CHI PH C HI V CHI PH N T TI SN C NH

II. Chi ph n t ngun nhn lc

CHNG VI: THC T HOT NG CA

CHNG VII: MT S KT LUN V HM CHNH SCH

TRNG HP IN HNH - H THNG NH NGH CNG ON

Ti liu tham kho

Executive summary (English)

Thnh vin v t l dn s thnh phn ca cc on th Vit Nam

c im t chc cua mt s hi c thu

Ngun thu t hi ph ca cc t chc qun chng cng

Vn tn thc ca VBSP thng qua cc t chc trung gian

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M hinh quan ly cac hi c thu

H thng vn bn quy phm php lut iu chnh MTTQ

Lao ng trong lnh vc hnh chnh s nghip (2007 v 2012)

Vai tro phap inh cua MTTQ v on th

C ch phn b ngn sach hoat ng cho MTTQ v on th

Quy trinh thc hin h tr kinh phi t nh nc

S chi ph kinh t ca cc t chc qun chng cng

Ngn sch Trung ng cho Trung ng hi

H tr ngn sch cho cc t chc CT-XH-NN, t chc XH,

Tng chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng

Chi ngn sch Trung ng cho cc t chc qun chng cng

Chi ph cho cc t chc qun chng cng t ngn sch

Chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng

Chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng

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Chi ngn sch cho cc t chc qun chng cng

Phn b nh ngh cng on trn c nc

Phn b nh ngh cng on trn ton quc.

T chc x hi trong h thng chnh tr Vit Nam

: Mt trn T quc Vit Nam

: Not available (khng c thng tin)

: Lin hip cc Hi Khoa hc K thut Vit Nam