SDH Alarms

28/07/2016
SDHAlarms
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OrganisationofSlides
SDHsectionhierarchy
SDHobjects,nomenclature
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DownstreamandUpstream
Alarmsunderstandingrules
RSalarms
MSalarms
HP/LPalarms
DescriptionofAlarms
AlarmMaskingandSuppressedSecondaryAlarms
Alarmpropagationexamples
TejasNetworksProprietary&Confidential
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SDHSectionHierarchy
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TherearefoursectionsRegeneratorSection(RS),MultiplexSection(MS),Higher
OrderPathSection(HP),andLowerOrderPathSection(LP)
RSisapart(section)oftheopticalfibrenetwork,withinwhichRSOHpartofSDHframeisNOT
opened
MSisapart(section)oftheopticalfibrenetwork,withinwhichMSOHpartofSDHframeisNOT
opened
HPisapart(section)oftheopticalfibrenetwork,withinwhichhigherorderVCpartofSDHframeis
NOTopened(itmaybeopenedonlyforinterpretingHOPOH)
LPisapart(section)oftheopticalfibrenetwork,withinwhichlowerorderVCpartofSDHframeis
NOTopened(itmaybeopenedonlyforinterpretingLOPOH)
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SDHSectionHierarchy(contd.)
PointstoRemember:
WithoutopeningRS,onecannotdooperationwithMSand/oropenMS
WithoutopeningMS,onecannotdooperationwithHPand/oropenHP
WithoutopeningHP,onecannotdooperationwithLPand/oropenLP
Consequences
So,forTejasnodes,evenifoneismakingaVC4levelpassthrough(anoperationwithHP
withoutopeningit),he/sheisopeningMS&thereforeterminatingtheMS
OnecanchangeanyHPOHfield(e.g.,J1transmittedtrace)onlywhenoneisopeningHP(e.g.,VC12
levelcrossconnectexistsonAU4mapping),butnotwhenHPisnotdisturbed(e.g.,VC4level
passthroughonAU4mapping)
PointstoRemember:
ForTejasnodes,forAU4mapping,onecanmakeVC4andVC12/VC11levelandnotVC3level
passthroughforE1/DS1traffic
Consequences
IfinaSTM1node,multiple(say,18)E1/DS1traffichavetobepassedthroughwithsomeothertraffic
added/droppedfromthatnode,onehastomakemultiple(18)VC12levelpassthrough
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SectionHierarchy(examples)
Example1
RS
RS
Reg.
ADM1
ADM2
MS
Example2
RS
RS
(VC4)
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ADM1
ADM2
(STM1)
MS
ADM3
MS
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SectionHierarchy(examples)(contd.)
Example3(forAU4mappingonly)
VC12
RS
RS
RS
MS
MS
MS
VC4
VC12
VC12
E1
E1
HP
HP
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LP
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Example4a(forSTM1capacity&AU4mappingonly)
F
E3
#1E1betweenA&E
#2E1betweenF&H
E1
E3betweenF&G
RSAB,BC,CD,DE,FB,CG,EH
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MSAB,BC,CE,FB,CG,EH
Reg.
E
E1
VC12
E1
VC12
HPAB,BC,CE
LPAE
HPFB,BC,CE,EH
E3
LPFH
HPFB,BC,CG
E1
LPFG
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Example4b(forSTM4capacity&AU4mappingonly)
#1E1betweenA&E
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#2E1betweenF&H
F
E3
E1
E3betweenF&G
RSAB,BC,CD,DE,FB,CG,EH
VC4
MSAB,BC,CE,FB,CG,EH
WithinSTM#1
STM#1
Reg.
E
E1
VC12
E1
VC12
STM#2
STM#2
STM#1
HPAE
LPAE
HPFC,CH
E3
LPFH
HPFC,CG
E1
LPFG
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SDHobjects,nomenclature
3differentkindsofobjects:
STMport(STM1/STM4/STM16)
AU(AU3/AU4/AU44c/AU416c)Higherorderobject
(presentevenifnoHOcrossconnect)
TU(TU11/TU12/TU2/TU3)Lowerorderobject
(presentonlyifLOcrossconnectexists)
Nomenclature
STM1chassisslotport(thesefieldsareproductspecific)
AU4chassisslotportSTM#1
AU3chassisslotportSTM#K(forAU3mapping)
TU3chassisslotportSTM#K(forAU4mapping)
TU2chassisslotportSTM#KL
TU12chassisslotportSTM#KLM(M=1to3)
TU11chassisslotportSTM#KLM(M=1to4)
Note:STM#=1(forSTM1)
=1to4(forSTM4)likethat,K=1to3,L=1to7
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Downstream&Upstream
Downstreamdirectionforafaultcondition
Along
thedirectionoffaultconditionreceived
ORTowardstheBackplaneofthenodereceivingfaultcondition
Upstreamdirectionforafaultcondition
Oppositeofthedirectionoffaultconditionreceived
ORAwayfromtheBackplaneofthenodereceivingfaultcondition
Downstream&Upstreamdirectionforanodenotfixed
Dependsondirectionoffaultcondition(abbreviatedasFC)
Downstream
Upstream
FC1
FC2
ADM1
Downstream
Upstream
ADM2
ADM3
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AlarmUnderstandingRules
Rule1
Alarmsreportedarealarmsreceived
Alarmreported
FC1
ex.a
ADM1
ADM2
Alarmreported
FC1
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ex.b
ADM1
Rule2
ADM2
AlarmsarereportedonSDHObjects
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AlarmUnderstandingRules(contd.)
Rule3
3a.NoObject=>NoAlarmsreported
NOTU12
ex.
(111)
Note:
FConTU12(111)
ADM1
ADM2
Thesetwo
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NOAlarmreportedforFC
onTU12(111)
examplesare
notpossible
forAUobject
3b.ObjectMismatch=>NoAlarmsreported
WHY?
TU11
ex.
Seeslide9
(111)
FConTU12(111)
ADM1
ADM2
onTU12(111)
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Rule4
4a.NoPTXC=>NoAlarmspassthrough
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NOVC4
ex.a
PT(1)
FConAU4(1)
ADM1
NOAlarmpassthrough
ADM2
ADM3
AlarmreportedforFC
onAU4(1)
NOVC12
ex.b
PT(111)
ADM1
NOAlarmpassthrough
FConTU12(111)
ADM2
ADM3
onTU12(111)
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4b.BiggerPTXC=>NoAlarmsreported&Alarmpassthrough
STM1
VC4
ex.a
links
FConTU12(111)
ADM1
Alarmpassthroughfor
ADM2
FConTU12(111)
ADM3
NOAlarmreported
forFConTU12(111)
4c.SmallerPTXC=>NoAlarmsreported(always??)&
Alarmpassthroughbutonsmallerobject
STM1
VC12
ex.b
(111)
ADM1
Alarmpassthroughfor
FConTU12(111)
WhatifSamesizePTXC?
links
FConTU3(1)
ADM2
ADM3
NOAlarmreported
forFConTU3(1)
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RSAlarms
RSalarmsarethose,whichcanbereportedevenbyapureRegenerator
(whohasprivilegeofopening(interpreting&rewriting)onlyRSOH)
LOS(LossofSignal)
basedonwholeRSOH
LOF(LossofFrame)
basedonA1,A2bytes
TIM(TraceIdentifierMismatch)
basedonJ0byte
RSOHbytes
A1 A2
J0
B1
E1
F1
D1 D2
D3
SF(SignalFail)
basedonB1byte
SD(SignalDegrade)
basedonB1byte
Note:Theorderinwhichthealarmsarewrittenisimportant,
aswewillseelaterwhilediscussingAlarmmasking
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MSAlarms
MSalarmsarethose,whichcanbereportedbyaAddDropMultiplexer,irrespectiveof
crossconnectconfiguration
(whohasprivilegeofopening(interpreting&rewriting)RSOH,MSOH,AUpointersplusopening
HOPOH(s)/TUPointers/LOPOH(s)dependinguponcrossconnectconfiguration)
AIS(AlarmIndicationSignal)
reportedbasedonK2bytebits6,7,8
SF(SignalFail)
basedonB2bytes
SD(SignalDegrade)
basedonB2bytes
RDI(RemoteDefectIndication)
basedonK2bytebits6,7,8
MSOHbytes
B2
K1
K2
D4
D5
D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
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S1
M1
Note1:Theorderinwhichthealarmsarewrittenisimportant,wewillseelaterwhilediscussingAlarmmasking
E2
Note2:MSAISisalsocalledLineAISorAISonSTMport
MSRDIisalsocalledLineRDIorRDIonSTMport
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HP/LPAlarms
HP/LPalarmsarethose,whichcanbereportedbyaAddDropMultiplexer,having
HO/HO&LOobject(LOobject=>LOcrossconnect)
(whohasprivilegeofopening(interpreting&rewriting)RSOH,MSOH,AUPointersplusatleast
interpretingHOPOH(s)/opening(interpreting&rewriting)RSOH,MSOH,AUPointers,HOPOH(s),TU
PointersplusatleastinterpretingLOPOH(s)
dependinguponcrossconnectconfiguration)
J1
H1,H2,H3AU
Pointerbytes
HPAISreportedbasedonH1,H2bytes
B3
HPLOP(LossofPointer)basedonH1,H2bytes
C2
H
O
P
O
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Note1:Sameasbefore
HPUNEQ(unequipped)basedonC2byte
G1
HPTIMbasedonJ1byte
F2
b
y
t
e
s
Note2:HPAlarmisalso
calledAUAlarm
orAlarmonAU
LPAlarmisalso
calledTUAlarm
orAlarmonTU
H4
HPSFbasedonB3byte
F3
HPSDbasedonB3byte
K3
HPRDIbasedonG1bytebit5
N1
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HP/LPAlarms(contd.)
LPAISreportedbasedonV1,V2bytes
Note1:Sameasbefore
Note2:Wholeofthisslideassumes
LPLOPbasedonV1,V2bytes
LOM(LossofMultiframe)basedonH4bytebits7,8
TU2/TU12/TU11forLP.Ifthere
isTU3withAU4mapping,then
alsoitisLPbutPointers&POH
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HPPLM/SLM(Payload/SignalLabelMismatch)
basedonC2byte
LOPOHbytes
V1,V2,V3TU
Pointerbytes
byteswillbelikeHO
LPUNEQbasedonV5bytebits5,6,7
LPTIMbasedonJ2byte
V5
LPSFbasedonV5bytebits1,2
J2
LPSDbasedonV5bytebits1,2
N2
LPRDIbasedonV5bytebit8
K4
LPPLM/SLMbasedonV5bytebits5,6,7
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DescriptionofAlarms
LOS
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ReceivedpowerislessthanLaserreceiversensitivity(Allbitsinterpretedas0)
Txoff/misconnectivity
ex.
FiberCut
Rxoff/misconnectivity
Tx
Rx
Rx
ADM1
LOS
Tx
Receivedpowerislessthan
Laserreceiversensitivity
(Lowpowertransmitted,Spanislongerthan
specified,Fibergetsdeformedetc.etc.)
ADM2
LOSclearswhen2consecutiveframingpatternsarereceived&nonewLOSconditionisdetected
LOF
AnythingotherthanF628(Hex)inany(?)oftheA1A2bytes(withinaSTMframe)
forconsecutive5frames(625s)OOF(OutofFrame)clearing2frames
forconsecutive24frames(3ms)LOFclearing24frames
Note:ProlongedLOS=>LOF,butnotalwaysLOF=>LOS
(thisfactwillbeusedasoneoftheAlarmMaskinglogiclater)
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DescriptionofAlarms(contd.)
TIM(J0)
ReceivedJ0trace(1/16byte(s))!=ExpectedJ0trace(1/16byte(s))
Exptrace=AtoB
P1
Txtrace=AtoB
Exptrace=CtoB
Rxtrace=CtoB
P2
Txtrace=CtoB
Rxtrace=AtoB
SF(B1/B2/B3/V5)
3
4
EquivalentBERexceedsalarmgenerationthreshold(1in10/1in10/1in10)
SD(B1/B2/B3/V5)
5
59
EquivalentBERexceedsalarmgenerationthreshold(1in10to1in10)
Note:ForbothSF&SD,alarmclearingthresholdis1decadelowerthangeneration
threshold,e.g.,Gen.Thr.is1in1000orhigher=>Clg.Thr.is1in10000orlower
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GenerationofAIS&RDI
UponReceivingtrafficaffectingRSalarm,aReg.
generatesAIStowardsdownstreamside
(all1inwholeSTMframe)
UponReceivingtrafficaffectingRSalarm,aADM
generatesMSAIStowardsdownstreamside
(all1inwholeSTMframeminusRSOH)
&generatesMSRDItowardsupstreamside
(inK2byteb6b8setas110)
UponReceivingtrafficaffectingHPalarm,aADM
generatesAUAIStowardsdownstreamside
(all1inwholeAU)
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&generatesHPRDItowardsupstreamside
(inG1byteb5setas1)
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UponReceivingtrafficaffectingLPalarm,aADM
generatesTUAIStowardsdownstreamside
(all1inwholeTU)
&generatesLPRDItowardsupstreamside
(inG1byteb5setas1forTU3||inV5byteb8setas1forTU2/12/11)
ReceptionofAIS&RDI(conditionshouldpersistforconsecutive3to5frames)
BytesandbitsinvolvedinReceptionforRDIsremainunchanged
ReceptionforMSAISinK2byteb6b8receivedas111
forAUAISAll1inH1,H2bytes(forTU3AISalso)
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forTUAISAll1inV1,V2bytes(TU2/12/11)
Note:1)ForgeneratingMSAIS/AUAIS/TUAIS,theADMneednotbeaterm.equip.forMS/HP/LP
2)UponreceivingMSAIS/AUAIS/TUAISalso,theADMgeneratesMSAIS/AUAIS/TUAIS
towardsdownstream&generatesMSRDI/HPRDI/LPRDItowardsupstream
3)Somealarmsarebydefaulttrafficaffectingornontrafficaffecting,whereas
somealarmscanbemadetrafficaffectingbyuseraction
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ExampleofgenerationofAIS,RDI
MSAIS(Gen)
AUAIS(Gen)
TUAIS(Gen)
AnytrafficaffectingRSAlarmorMSAIS(Rx)
AnytrafficaffectingHPAlarmorAUAIS(Rx)
AnytrafficaffectingLPAlarmorTUAIS(Rx)
ADM
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LPRDI
HPRDI
MSRDI
ExampleofreceptionofTUAIS,LPRDI
TUAIS(Rx)
AnytrafficaffectingRS/HP/LPAlarm
VC12
VC12
VC12
E1
E1
ADM1
LPRDI(Rx)
ADM2
ADM3
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AU/TULOP(AULOPisnotreportedinTejasnodes,asalwaysvalidAUpointervaluesaresent)
8/9/10consecutiveinvalidAU/TUpointersreceivedor
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8/9/10consecutiveNDF(NewDataFlag)received(otherthaninaconcatenationindicator)
(clearedwhen3equalvalidpointersreceived)
AULOP
Ex.
VC4
VC4
E4
E4
ADM1
AULOP
ADM2
ADM3
TULOP
Ex.
VC12
VC12
E1
E1
ADM1
TULOP
ADM2
ADM3
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HP/LPUNEQ
All0inC2byteforatleast5frames(forAU4/AU3/TU3)
000inV5byte,bits5,6,7foratleast5multiframes(forTU2/12/11)
AUSig.LabelUNEQuipped
ex.
HPUNEQ
AUhas
AUhas
noXC
noXC
ADM1
HPUNEQ
UNEQuippedAUSig.Label
ADM2
AUSig.LabelTUGstructured
ex.
AUhas
VC12
noXC
E1
ADM1
HPUNEQ
ADM2
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LOM
MultiframeinformationnotrecoveredfromH4byte(bits7,8)for1to5ms
(i.e.,2to10multiframes)
Note:LOMisanalarmconcerningLP,butinferredfromHOPOHbyteso,
itwillbereportedonaHOobject
TIM(J1/J2)(DefaultactionistoIgnoreTIM)
ConceptislikeTIM(J0),but
a)RememberSectionHierarchyTxtrace(J1/J2)cannotbeeditedwithinaHP/LP
VC12
VC4
VC12
VC12
E1
D
E1
Txtracecanbeedited
forJ0,J1,J2all
Txtracecanbeedited
forJ0only
Txtracecanbeedited
forJ0,J1only
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b)Alltracelengthsarenow16/64bytes
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HP/LPPLM(SLM)(DefaultactionistoReportPLM,butnoDownstreamAIS)
Mismatchinownandreceivedsignallabel
inC2byteforatleast5frames(forAU4/AU3/TU3)
inV5byte,bits5,6,7foratleast5multiframes(forTU2/12/11)
HPPLM(SLM)
AUSig.LabelTUGstructured
ex.
TUGST
TUGST
UNEQ
UNEQ
AUhas
VC12
E1
ADM1
HPPLM(SLM)
TUGS
TUGS
Asynch.
noXC
ADM2
Asynch.
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ex.
VC12
C4
VC4
Asynch.
C4
E1
C4
Asynch.
C4
ADM1
ADM2
VC12
TUGS
T
TUGS
T
E1
ADM3
HPPLM(SLM)onallports
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MaskingofAlarms
Why?
Donotwanttocrowdthealarmreportingpage(andtherebyconfusetheuser)withthose
alarms,notrequiredforunearthingtherootcause
When?(Thelogics)
Logic1(whenthealarmsarerelated)
if(FC1==>FC2butFC2=/=>FC1)
then(MaskFC2inpresenceofFC1)
Note:WhenFC1clears,FC2mayormaynot
clearinthelatercaseFC2willbereported
now
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ex.1a)LOS==>LOFbutLOF=/=>LOS1b)LOS==>HPUNEQbutHPUNEQ=/=>LOS
2)AUAISreportedbecauseofMS/AUAISgenerated
==>HPRDIand
TUAIS&LPRDI(s)reported(ifTUobject(s)arethere)butnotviceversa
3)HPUNEQbecauseofnoXCatotherend
==>TULOP(s)(ifTUobject(s)arethere)butnotviceversa
4)AU/TUAISreported==>AU/TULOP
butnotviceversa
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MaskingofAlarms(contd.)
Logic2(whenthealarmsarenotrelated)
if(FC1hashigherprioritythanFC2)
Note:WhenFC1clears,FC2willbereported
then(MaskFC2inpresenceofFC1)
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ex.1)AU/TULOPhashigherprioritythanHP/LPUNEQ
(ifoneisnotgettingthestartinglocationofVC,howtolookatwhatishappeningwithinVC)
2)HP/LPTIM,ifactionischosenasReportTIM,DownstreamAIS(i.e.trafficaffecting)
hashigherprioritythanHP/LPRDI
(firstcorrectreceivedproblem,thenonlylookforprobleminotherdirection)
3)HP/LPTIMhashigherprioritythanHP/LPPLM
(firstcorrectmisconnection,thenseesignallabelproblemwithincorrectcorrection)
4)HP/LPUNEQhashigherprioritythanHP/LPTIM(eveniftrafficaffecting)
(whattogainbycorrectingmisconnection,ifevenafterthattrafficcannotbecarried)
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SecondarySuppressedAlarms(SSA)
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AISandRDIaresecondaryalarmstheyareindications,notrootcauses
Thesealarmsonapassthroughnodeisnormallynotreportedinthemainalarmpage,
theyarereportedinaseparatepagecalledsuppressedsecondaryalarmspage
Thesealarmsonapathterminatingnodeisreportedinthemainalarmpageas
terminatingalarms
AUAISandHPRDIarenotsuppressed,evenforpassthroughnodes,forTejasproducts
TUAIS(terminating)
TrafficaffectingFC
ex.
VC12
VC12
VC12
E1
E1
ADM2
ADM1
LPRDI(terminating)
ADM3
LPRDI(SSA)
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AlarmPropagationExamples
Foreveryexample,
Assumption(s)is/arestated
RootCause(s)is/arestated
Diagrammaticrepresentationismade(OFCsareshownincyan)
Alarm(s)generated/condition(s)generatedforreportingalarmsis/are
showninblack
Alarm(s)existingataportis/areshowninred
Alarm(s)maskedataportis/arecoveredwith
Alarm(s)reportedatsecondarysupprressedalarmpageis/areshown
inpink,italicised
Note(s),wheneverrequiredis/arementionedingreen
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AlarmPropagationExamples(contd.)
Example1
Assumption:AU4MappingonbothportsRootCause:NOXConnectonbothports
AU4SignalLabelUnequipped
HPRDI
HPUNEQ
HPRDI
HPUNEQ
HPRDI
HPRDI
Note:1)ifAU3mapping,thenwhathappens?
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2)InnewerversionofTejassoftware,UNEQisnotreportedforthisrootcause
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Example2
Assumption:AU4Mappingonbothports,RootCause:NOXConnectontheportofB
HPSLMdefaultactionisreport
SLM,nodownstreamAIS
SignalLabelTUGstructure
HPRDI
LPRDI
HPRDI
HPSLM
VC12
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E1
HPUNEQ
TULOP
InvalidTUPointervalue
Note:LPRDIisnotreportedonB(SeeRule3a)
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Example3
Assumption:AU4MappingonbothportsofA&C
RootCause:FibercutinthelinkfromAtoB
MSAIS
AIS
AUAIS
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LOS
TUAIS
VC12
VC12
E1
MSRDI
E1
HPRDI
LPRDI
B
(Reg.)
C
MSRDI
HPRDI
Note:TheReg.cannotgenerateanyRDI
LPRDI
ActuallyatC,AUAIS&TUAISconditionsarealsoreceived
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Example4
Assumption:AU4MappingonallportsRootCause:FibercutinthelinkfromAtoB
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ADMBVC12PT
MSAIS
LOS
VC12
TUAIS
VC12
E1
LPRDI
MSRDI
HPRDI
LPRDI
VC12
E1
B
MSRDI
LPRDI
HPRDI
Note:OnlyTUAISisreportedonNodeC(SeeRule4c)
LPRDIonBisSSA
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Example5
Assumption:AU4MappingonallportsRootCause:FibercutinthelinkfromAtoB
ADMBVC4PT
MSAIS
AUAIS
LOS
VC12
TUAIS
VC4
E1
VC12
MSRDI
E1
HPRDI
LPRDI
B
MSRDI
LPRDI
HPRDI
Note:OnlyAUAISisreportedonNodeC(SeeRule4c)
LPRDIonBisnotreported(SeeRule3b)
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Example6
Assumption:AU4Mappingonallports
Rootcause:NOXConnectonB,C&Dfor(112)
E1(1)
E1(1)
VC12(111)
LPRDI(1
12)
E1
VC12(112)
(2)
TULOP(1
12)
InvalidTUPointers(1
12)
Note:WhyE1(1)isshown?
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LPRDIisnotreportedonB(SeeRule3a)
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Example7
Rootcause:NOXConnectonC&Dfor(112)
E1(1)
E1(1)
VC12(111)
LPRDI(1
12)
LPRDI(1
12)
LPRDI
(112)
E1
(2)
VC12(112)
VC12(112)
TUAIS
TULOP(1
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SDHAlarms
(112)
12)
TUAIS(112)
InvalidTUPointers(1
12)
Note:LPRDIatnodeBissecondarysuppressed
TUAISatnodeAisreportedasterminatingalarm
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Example8
Rootcause:NOXConnectonCfor(112)
E1(1)
E1(1)
VC12(111)
LPRDI(1
LPRDI(1
InvalidTUPointers
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SDHAlarms
12)
12)
(112)
LPRDI
(112)
E1
VC12(112)
(2)
TULOP(1
12)
VC12(112)
TUAIS
(112)
VC12(112)
TULOP(1
12)
TUAIS(112)
E1
(2)
C
InvalidTUPointers(1
12)
D
LPRDI(112)
Note:KLMvalueneednotremainsamethroughoutaparticularLP,alarmswill
bereportedaccordinglyondifferentobjects
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Example9
Assumption:AU4Mappingonallports,
Rootcause:NOXConnectonCfor(111)
VC4PTatnodeB,
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SDHAlarms
Foreachport,HPSLMdefaultactionisignoreSLM
LPRDI
(111)
VC12(111)
E1(1)
VC4
VC12(112)
VC12(112)
E1(2)
TULOP
E1(2)
(111)
C
InvalidTUPointers
Note:LPRDIfromAisnotreportedonB(SeeRule3b).
(111)
WhyassumptiononSLM?
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SDHAlarms
Example10(withSNCP)
WABC,PADC
Rootcause:FibercutinthelinkfromAtoB
MSAIS
TUAIS
LOS
E1
VC12
VC12
MSRDI
LPRDI
E1
LPRDI
HPRDI
VC12
MSRDI
LPRDI
HPRDI
Note:SNCPisalways
unidirectional&for
VC12
Tejas,itis1+1
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SDHAlarms
ThankYou
42
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