THC HNH PHN TCH NH LNG

BI 1: K THUT PHNG TH NGHIM DNG C TRONG HA HC

PHN TCH
1.1. K THUT S DNG DNG C PHN TCH
1.1.1. Chun b th nghim
Mt th nghim phn tch nh lng thng bao gm nhiu giai on. Nu mi giai
on th nghim u c tin hnh cn thn, ng nguyn tc th kt qu cui cng
mi c th chnh xc. Do , sinh vin phi chun b tht k trc khi lm th nghim:
- Nm vng c s l thuyt ca th nghim, hiu thu o ngha ca tng thao tc th
nghim.
- Nm vng cch s dng cc dng c th nghim, cch pha ch, chun b cc ha cht
cn thit.
- Trnh t th nghim.
- Cch ghi chp v tnh ton kt qu th nghim. gip sinh vin chun b tt, cui
mi bi th nghim u c cu hi v bi tp. Sinh vin cn hon thnh y cc
phn ny trc mi bi th nghim.
1.1.2. Tin hnh th nghim
Mun tin hnh th nghim c kt qu tt trong thi gian nh sn, khng lng ph ha
cht, lm h hng dng c, thit b, sinh vin cn ch mt s qui tc sau:
- Sp xp ch lm vic Ch lm vic phi sch s, kh ro, cc dng c phi b tr
thun tin cho vic s dng, trnh xy ra va chm, v.
- Chun b dng c, thit b Cc dng c thy tinh, s phi bo m sch s trc
khi dng, cn kim tra dng c thit b trc khi dng v bn giao y cho phng
th nghim sau khi hon thnh th nghim.
- Ghi chp Mi hin tng, s liu trong khi th nghim u phi ghi vo s th
nghim, khng ghi vo mnh giy ri hoc ghi ln bn. Trc v trong khi lm th
nghim nu cn iu g cha nm vng sinh vin phi hi gio vin hng dn
1.2. DNG C TRONG HA HC PHN TCH

 Dng c thy tinh

C nhiu loi dng c bng thy tinh c s dng khi tin hnh phn tch nh lng.
V c bn c th chia thnh ba loi sau:
- Loi dng ng, bo qun, cha nh bnh, chai, l...
- Loi dng un nng nh cc c m, bnh nn hay bnh tam gic...
- Loi dng o nh bnh nh mc, ng ong, buret, pipet...
Mt s loi dng c thy tinh thng dng trong phn tch nh lng Ni chung cc
dng c thy tinh u d b kim n mn, b HF ph hy. c bit dng c thy tinh
u d b v khi va chm, nh ri, dn n t ngt. Lu rng ch c un nng cc
dng c thy tinh chu nhit. Khng c un dung dch bng cc bnh nh mc hoc
trong cc chai l thng thng dng ng.
Dng c bng s: Bt s, cc s, chn s... u l loi dng c chu c nhit
tng i cao, c th chu c nhit ti 1000o C, bn vi cc axit v c, bn c
hc tt. Tuy nhin chng chu kim km v khng th s dng thc hin cc phn
ng kim chy.
Dng c bch kim: Bt, chn, in cc bch kim l nhng vt dng t tin, chng
chu c nhit rt cao (bch kim nng chy 1770 C),bn vi cc loi axit v c
(k c HF). Tuy nhin bch kim cng b cng thy ph hy v vy tuyt i khng
c ha tan mu bng cng thy khi s dng dng c bch kim. c bit bch kim
d to hp kim vi Pb, Sb, As, Bi, Sn, Ag, Au, C... v vy khng nung cc cht ny
trong bt, chn bch kim v trnh nung dng c bch kim trn ngn la c khi. Khng
thc hin phn ng kim chy c cht oxy ha v khi Pt s b ha tan lm hng
chn.
L nung: C nhiu loi l nung c s dng trong phng th nghim ha phn tch,
da theo nhit ti a m chng c th t c ngi ta chia lm ba loi l sau:
Loi l nung c th t 800 0C 10000C: loi ny thng dng si t Niken- Crom
qun xung quanh mt hp lm bng vt liu chu la. iu chnh nhit ngi ta
s dng cp nhit in ni vi cc rle v b ngun cung cp in p

Loi l nung c th t 11000C- 12000C: loi ny dng si t l mt hp kim c

bit, c th chu nhit cao hn (v d nh Tantan), cc si t c sp xp sao cho
gn vt nung nht c th.
Loi l nung c th t 13500C 14000C: loi ny khng dng si t thng thng m
phi dng cc thanh t l vt liu ca hp cht silic, l thanh cacbuasilic. Vt nung
c t vo ng hnh tr t gia cc thanh cacbuasilic.
Cn phn tch v nhng lu khi s dng cn
Cn phn tch:
Cn l thit b thng xuyn phi dng trong cc phng th nghim ha phn tch.
l thit b chnh xc, t tin v d hng. C hai loi cn chnh l cn k thut v
cn phn tch. Cn k thut v cn phn tch in t hin s Cn k thut: dng cho
php cn km chnh xc, c th cn s b trc khi cn phn tch; cn cc vt, ha cht
c hi m khng cn sy sau xc nh li nng bng cc cht chun. Sai s
ca php cn ny t 0,01 n 0,1 gam.
Cn phn tch thng cn cc vt c khi lng cn ti a khng qu 200 gam, c
chnh xc ti 104 105 gam, bao gm hai loi chnh l cn c hc v cn in t.
Cn c hc ngy nay t c s dng trong cc phng th nghim, nguyn l hot ng
ca cn n gin l dng qu cn v n cn o khi lng ca vt cn. Ngy nay
cn in t ra i s dng k thut s v hin th bng mn hnh tinh th lng nn
gim bt c rt nhiu thao tc cho ngi phn tch.
Nguyn l hot ng ca cn in t l vt cn ko a cn xung vi lc F = m.g vi
m l khi lng ca vt cn; g l gia tc trng trng. Cn in t s dng mt lc
phn hi in t ko a cn v v tr ban u ca n. Khi t vt cn vo a cn, do
khi lng ca vt cn ko a cn xung, iu s c detector pht hin v gi tn
hiu n b chnh dng, dng phn hi c sinh ra a ti ng c tr. Dng in cn
thit sinh ra lc phn hi t l vi khi lng ca vt v c hin th trn mn hnh
hin s.
Nhng lu khi s dng cn

- Trc khi cn phi kim tra thng bng ca cn qua bt nc ca b phn iu

chnh thng bng, bt nc phi nm gia vng trn gii hn.
- Khi cn phi i din vi cn, mi thao tc phi nh nhng trnh va p.
- Ngun in cp cho cn phi ng, bt cng tc ngun, i cho cn n nh, mn
hnh hin th ch 0,0000 g.
- Khng c cho vt qu khi lng gii hn ca cn (khi lng ny c ghi trn
tng loi cn c th).
- t vt cn chnh gia a cn.
- Ch cn vt nhit bng nhit xung quanh khng gian ca cn v vy i vi
nhng vt ly l nung, t sy... ra nht thit phi t vo bnh ht m ti nhit
phng ri mi c cn.
- Trong thi gian cn cc ca t cn phi ng kn.
- Trong bt k trng hp no cng khng t trc tip ha cht ln a cn (phi
ng trong cc cc cn, thuyn cn hoc giy cn ph hp). Khi cn cc cht d bay
hi phi ng trong bnh c nt kn.
- Cn xong phi tt cn, rt ngun v v sinh sch s cn.
1.2. TH NGHIM
1.2.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh chnh xc th tch dung dch bng cc dng c o th
tch
-

Dng pipet ht 25 ln, mi ln 10ml nc cho vo mt bnh nh mc 250ml.

Xem xt qua vch ca bnh nh mc v nh gi v kt qu o trong 25 ln ly
th tch nc

Dng pipet ht 25 ln, mi ln 10ml nc cho vo ng ong. Xem kt qu ca

vch ng ong qua 25 ln ly th tch nc

Nhn xt v cch ly dung dch qua pipet v qua ng ong

1.2.2. Th nghim xc nh khi lng mui n bng cn phn tch

-

Cn mt t mui n (khong 5g) trn cn a, cn 3 ln v ghi kt qu ca 3 ln

cn. Tnh kt qu trung bnh ca 3 ln cn.

Cn cng lng mui n va cn trn cn a bng cn in t, cn 3 ln v ghi

kt qu thu c.

Nhn xt kt qu v khi lng mui n trn cn a v cn in t.

BI 2: PHN TCH KHI LNG

1.2.1.Th nghim 1: Xc nh khi lng anion sunfat trong dung dch
- Ly chnh xc 10,00ml dch cha SO42- cho vo cc c m loi 250ml, pha thm
nc ct n 150ml, thm vo dung dch khong 2ml HCl 2N v khong 2ml axit
picric 1%, sau un dung dch n gn si. Ly khong 6ml dung dch BaCl2 5% cho
vo cc c m loi 100ml, pha long bng nc ct n 50ml v un dung dch n
gn si. Rt t t dung dch BaCl2 vo dung dch cha SO42- , khuy lin tc.
- Khi rt gn ht, kim tra xem SO42- kt ta ht cha. Mun vy, lng kt
ta, nh thm vi git dung dch BaCl2 theo thnh cc, nu khng thy dung dch vn
c na th tc l s kt ta hon ton. un cch thy cc ng kt ta khong 1
gi, sau ly ra ngui lc qua giy lc dy.
- Ra kt ta 3 n 4 ln, mi ln dng 2030ml nc ct. Tip tc dng nc ct ra
kt ta trn giy lc cho n khi kim tra thy trong nc ra khng cn Cl- (dng
dung dch AgNO3 th).
- Sy c chn s c c giy lc v ta nhit 800 0C trong 20 25 pht, ly chn s
ra ngui ri cn trn cn in t.
- Tnh s gam H2SO4 trong 1lt dung dch nu dng BaCl2 kt ta BaSO4 ta thu c
BaSO4 c khi lng 0,2126g.
1.2.2. Th nghim 2: Xc nh hm lng st theo phng php phn tch khi
lng
- Ly chnh xc 10,00ml dung dch FeCl 3, cho vo cc c m 250ml, thm 5ml dung
dch HNO3 2N, un nh trn bp in (khng un si).
- Cho thuc th NH4OH 10% lin tc vo dung dch FeCl3 ang nng, khuy lin tc
cho n khi trong cc c mi NH3 bc ra.

- un nng sn khong 100ml nc ct, vo dung dch v khuy nh. yn cho

kt ta lng ri th li xem kt ta hon ton hay cha (dng vi git dung dch
NH4OH nh theo thnh cc, nu khng thy vn c th s kt ta l hon ton), sau
lc kt ta ngay, dng giy lc trung bnh.
- Ra kt ta vi ln bng nc ct nng c pha NH 4NO3 2%. Lc gn v ra kt ta
theo cch nh bi kt ta BaSO 4 .Chuyn ton b kt ta ln giy lc. Tip tc ra
bng nc ra trn cho n khi trong nc lc ht ion Cl (th nh bi kt ta
BaSO4).
- giy lc ro nc, chuyn c kt ta v giy lc v chn s nung v cn trc,
sy kh ri t chy giy lc trn bp in. a chn nung vo l, nung 900 0C
khong 40 pht. Ly chn nung cho vo bnh ht m ngui ri cn.
- Tnh hm lng FeCl3.
1.2.3. Xc nh cation Ba2+ trong dung dch
- Dng pipet ht chnh xc 40ml sung dch BaCl 2 cn xc nh nng cho vo cc
thy tinh, cho tip 20ml dung dch H2SO4 0,1M vo
- Gp t giy lc cn chnh xc khi lng cho vo phu lc thy tinh ri lc ta
qua phu v giy lc, ra cc bng dung dch H2SO4 ri lc tip
- Cho c giy lc v ta vo 1 chn s ( cn khi lng chnh xc t trc), ri sy
chn s c c giy lc v ta 150 0C trong t sy trong vng 1 gi, ly chn ra
ngui ri cn chn trn cn in t
- Tnh khi lng ta BaSO4 thu t tnh nng BaCl2
Bi 3: CHUN AXIT BAZ
3.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh nng dung dch HCl bng dung dch NaOH 0,1 N
-

Cho dung dch NaOH 0,1N vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha
kh bn trong.

Ht chnh xc l0ml dung dch HCl cho vo bnh tam gic sch, cho tip vo bnh
tam gic 2 git phenolphtalein.

- Chun dung dch HC1 bng dung dch NaOH 0,1N, lc u cho ti khi git u
tin ca NaOH lm ton b dung dch trong bnh tam gic c mu hng bn th dng
li. Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch NaOH tiu tn.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun 10ml dung dch HCl bng
dung dch NaOH 0,1N hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr th tch dung dch NaOH l V 2,
V3.
- Tnh kt qu:

V1 + V2 + V 3
3

__

V NaOH =

Tnh nng dung dch HCl theo cng thc:

__

C HCl

V NaOH . 0,1
=
(N)
10

3.2. Th nghim 2: Xc nh nng dung dch NaOH bng dung dch HCl
- Cho dung dch HCl vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha kh bn
trong.
- Ly ng ht chnh xc 10ml dung dch NaOH cho vo bnh tam gic sch, cho tip
vo bnh tam gic 3 git ch th Metyl da cam, lc u dung dch c mu vng da cam.
- Chun dd NaOH bng dd HCl, lc u cho ti khi git u tin ca HCl lm ton
b dd trong bnh tam gic chuyn sang mu th dng li.
Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dd HCl tiu tn
-

Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun 10ml dung dch NaOH bng
dung dch HCl hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr V2, V3 l th tch dung dch HCl tiu
tn.
__

- Tnh kt qu: V HCl =

V1 +V2 +V3
3

- Tnh nng ca dung dch NaOH

3.3. Th nghim 3: Xc nh nng dung dch NH 3 bng dung dch HCl xc nh

c nng th nghim 1.
- Cho dung dch HCl vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha kh bn
trong.
- Ly ng ht chnh xc 10ml dung dch NH3 cho vo bnh tam gic sch, cho tip vo
bnh tam gic 3 git ch th Metyl da cam, lc u dung dch c mu vng da cam.
- Chun dd NH3 bng dd HCl, lc u cho ti khi git u tin ca HCl lm ton b
dd trong bnh tam gic chuyn sang mu th dng li.
Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dd HCl tiu tn
-

Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun 10ml dung dch NH 3 bng dung
dch HCl hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr V2, V3 l th tch dung dch HCl tiu tn.
__

- Tnh kt qu: V HCl =

V1 +V2 +V3
3
__

Tnh nng dung dch NH3 theo cng thc:

C NH

C .V HCl
= HCl
(N)
10

3.4. Th nghim 4: Xc nh nng dung dch CH 3COOH bng dung dch NaOH
0,1N
- Cho dung dch NaOH vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha kh bn
trong.
- Ly ng ht chnh xc 10ml dung dch CH3COOH cho vo bnh tam gic sch, cho
tip vo bnh tam gic 3 git ch th phenolphtalein , lc u dung dch.
- Chun dd CH3COOH bng dd NaOH , lc u cho ti khi git u tin ca NaOH
lm ton b dd trong bnh tam gic chuyn sang hng th dng li.
Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dd NaOH tiu tn
-

Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun 10ml dung dch CH 3COOH
bng dung dch NaOH hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr V2, V3 l th tch dung dch
HCl tiu tn.

T cc s liu cho, thit lp cng thc tnh nng ca dung dch CH3COOH.

BI 4: CHUN OXI HA KH
4.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh nng dung dch FeSO4 bng dung dch KMnO4 0,001N
- Cho dung dch KMnO4 0,001N vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha
kh bn trong.
- Ly ng ht sch ht chnh xc 10ml dung dch FeSO4 cho vo bnh tam gic sch.
- Chun dung dch FeSO4 bng dung dch KMnO4 0,001N, lc u cho ti khi git
u tin ca KMnO4 lm ton b dung dch trong bnh tam gic c mu hng bn th
dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch KMnO4 0,001N tiu tn.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun FeSO 4 bng dung dch KMnO4
0,001N hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr th tch (ml) dung dch KMnO 4 tiu tn l V2,
V3.
Tnh kt qu:
__

V KMnO =
4

V1 +V2 +V3
3

4.2. Th nghim 2: Xc nh hm lng phn trm KIO3 trn trong mui n

-

Dng cn phn tch, cn chnh xc 5g mui n c trn KIO3 cho vo bnh tam gic.

Thm vo bnh tam gic 20ml nc ct lc cho tan ht, cho thm vo 2 git dung
dch H2SO4 1M, 5ml dung dch KI 0,01M, lc u ri cho thm hai git ch th h
tinh bt th thy dung dch c mu xanh.

Chun dung dch I2 va to ra bng dung dch Na2S2O3 0,001N lc u cho ti

khi git u tin lm ton b dung dch trong bnh tam gic mt mu xanh th dng li.
Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch Na2S2O3 tiu tn.
-

Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh th nghim hai ln na v ghi cc

gi tr V2, V3 l th tch dung dch Na2S2O3 0,001N tiu tn.

-

Tnh kt qu:

__

V Na S O =
2 2

V1 +V2 +V3
3

Tnh hm lng phn trm ca KIO3 trong mui theo cng thc:

% KIO =
3

mKIO

.100(%)

4.3. Th nghim 3: Xc nh st trong dung dch FeCl3 bng dung dch KMnO4
- Ly 10ml dung dch FeCl3 cho vo bnh tam gic, thm 10ml HCl ri un cho gn
si. Thm t t tng git dung dch SnCl 2, sau vi giy quan st mu ri nh tip git
khc ( kh Fe3+ v Fe2+) cho n khi mt mu.
- Tip tc cho 10ml HgCl2 loi b lng SnCl2 d v n cng c kh nng b oxi ha
bi KMnO4.
- Dng dung dch KMnO4 0,05N chun xc nh nng dung dch Fe2+.
- Tnh hm lng % ca st c trong 1 loi qung sau khi ha tan 0,25g qung vo
dung dch HCl, kh Fe3+ v Fe2+ tiu tn ht gn 28,00ml dung dch KMnO4 0,01N.
BI 5: CHUN TO PHC
5.l. Th nghim 1: Xc nh cng ca nc
-

ong 100ml nc cn xc nh cng cho vo mt bnh tam gic ln, cho tip

vo 5ml dung dch m NH3, mt t eriocromenT (bng 1/10 ht u), lc u hn

hp c mu vang.
-

Cho dung dch EDTA 0,01N vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha

kh bn trong.
- Chun dung dch phc Ca 2+; Mg2+ bng EDTA ti khi git u tin lm dung
dch chuyn sang mu xanh th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V 1 (ml) dung dch
EDTA tiu tn
-

Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh th nghim hai ln na v ghi cc gi

tr th tch dung dch EDTA lV2, V3.

- Tnh kt qu:
__

V EDTA =

V1 +V2 +V3
3

2+

2+

Tnh cng ca nc: S mili ng lng gam ca Ca ; Mg c trong 1 lt nc.

__

___

cng ca nc: 0,01.V.10= 0,1 V

5.2. Th nghim 2: Xc nh nng Ca2+; Mg2+ trong mt dung dch
ong ly 2ml dung dch cha Ca2+; Mg2+ cho vo mt bnh tam gic sch, cho

tip vo 5ml dung dch m NH 3v mt t eriocromenT (bng 1/10 ht u)

lc u dung dch c mu vang (hng).
-

Cho dung dch EDTA 0,01N vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng

cha kh bn trong.
- Chun dung dch phc Ca2+; Mg2+ bng EDTA ti khi git u tin lm dung
dch chuyn sang mu xanh th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch EDTA
tiu tn.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr th tch
dung dch EDTA l V2, V3.
- Tnh kt qu:
__

V EDTA =

V1 +V2 +V3
3

Tnh nng ng lng ca Ca2+; Mg2+ trong mu phn tch:

___

C N(Ca

2+

; Mg 2

0,01.V
=
(N)
)
20

5.3. Th nghim 3: Xc nh nng Ca2+

-

ong ly 20ml dung dch mu phn tch cho vo mt bnh tam gic sch, cho

tip vo 1ml dung dch NaOH 1N v mt t ch th murexit, lc u dung dch

c mu vang (ch c Ca2+ to phc vi murex t mi trng baz mnh)
- Chun dung dch phc Ca2+ bng EDTA ti khi git u tin lm dung dch
chuyn t vang sang mu xanh th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V 1 (ml) dung
dch EDTA tiu tn.

Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh th nghim hai ln na v ghi cc gi

tr thtch dung dch EDTA l V2, V3.

- Tnh kt qu:
__

V EDTA =

V1 +V2 +V3
3

Tnh nng ng lng ca Ca2+trong mu phn tch:

___

C N(Ca

2+

0,01.V
=
(N)
)
20
Tnh nng ng lng ca Mg2+ trong mu phn tch:

C N(Mg ) = C N(Ca
2+

2+

; Mg 2+ )

- C N(Ca

2+

BI 6: CHUN KT TA
6.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh nng Cl- bng dd AgNO3 0,01M
- Dng pipet ht chnh xc 10ml dung dch NaCl cn xc nh nng cho vo
bnh tam gic, cho tip 5 git dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,1M.
-

Cho dung dch AgNO3 0,01M vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng

cha kh bn trong.
-

Tin hnh chun dung dch NaCl bng dung dch AgNO 3 ti khi git u

tin lm kt ta t trng chuyn sang vng th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V 1 (ml)
dung dch AgNO3 dng.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh th nghim hai ln na v ghi cc gi
tr th tch dung dch AgNO3 l V2, V3.
- Tnh kt qu:
Tnh th tch trung bnh ca dd AgNO3 0,01M dng: VAgNO3

V1

V2 V3
3

T kt qu th tch, tnh nng dung dch NaCl

6.2. Th nghim 2: Xc nh nng dung dch AgNO3 bng dung dch NH4SCN

- Dng pipet ht chnh xc l0ml dung dch AgNO 3 cn xc nh nng cho vo bnh
tam gic, cho tip 1ml dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,1M
- Cho dung dch NH4SCN 0,01M vo buret sch ri chnh ti vch 0, ton b buret
khng cha kh bn trong.
-

Tin hnh chun dung dch AgNO 3 bng dung dch NH4SCN 0,01M t khng

mu chuyn sang mu th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V 1 (ml) dung dch

NH 4SCN dng.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr th
tch dung dch NH4SCN l V2, V3.
-

Tnh th tch trung bnh ca dung dch NH 4SCN 0,01M, t tnh nng dung

dch AgNO3.
6.3. Th nghim 3: Chun dung dch NaCl bng cch gin tip
-

Dng pipet ht chnh xc 5ml dung dch NaCl cn xc nh nng th nghim 1

cho vo bnh tam gic, cho tip 8ml dung dch AgNO 3 0,01M , 1ml dung dch
Fe2(SO4)3 0,1M vo lc u.
- Cho dung dch NH4SCN 0,01M vo buret sch ri chnh ti vch 0, ton b buret
khng cha kh bn trong
- Tin hnh chun dng dch AgNO 3 d bng dung dch NH4SCN ti khi khng
mu chuyn sang mu hng th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch dung
dch NH4SCN dng.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr
th tch dung dch NH4SCN l V2, V3.
-

Tnh th tch trung bnh dung dch NH4SCN dng:

__

V NH SCN =
4

V1 +V2 +V3
3

T tnh nng NaCl. So snh kt qu chun th nghim 1 vi kt qu

chun th nghim 3.
Bi 7: THC HNH PHN TCH TNG HP

7.1. Th nghim 1: Xc nh nng dung dch HCl bng dung dch NaOH 0,1N
-

Cho dung dch NaOH 0,1N vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha
kh bn trong.

Ht chnh xc l0ml dung dch HCl cho vo bnh tam gic sch, cho tip vo bnh
tam gic 2 git phenolphtalein.

- Chun dung dch HC1 bng dung dch NaOH 0,1N, lc u cho ti khi git u
tin ca NaOH lm ton b dung dch trong bnh tam gic c mu hng bn th dng
li. Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch NaOH tiu tn.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun 10ml dung dch HCl bng
dung dch NaOH 0,1N hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr th tch dung dch NaOH l V 2,
V3.
- Tnh kt qu:

V1 + V2 + V 3
3

__

V NaOH =

Tnh nng dung dch HCl theo cng thc:

__

C HCl

V NaOH . 0,1
=
(N)
10

7.2. Th nghim 2: Xc nh nng Ca2+; Mg2+ trong mt dung dch

-

ong ly 2ml dung dch cha Ca2+; Mg2+ cho vo mt bnh tam gic sch, cho

tip vo 5ml dung dch m NH 3 v mt t eriocromenT (bng 1/10 ht u)

lc u dung dch c mu vang (hng).
-

Cho dung dch EDTA 0,01N vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng

cha kh bn trong.
- Chun dung dch phc Ca2+; Mg2+ bng EDTA ti khi git u tin lm dung
dch chuyn sang mu xanh th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch EDTA
tiu tn.

- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr th tch
dung dch EDTA l V2, V3.
- Tnh kt qu:
__

V EDTA =

V1 +V2 +V3
3

Tnh nng ng lng ca Ca2+; Mg2+ trong mu phn tch:

___

C N(Ca

2+

; Mg 2

0,01.V
=
(N)
)
20

7.3. Th nghim 3: Xc nh nng Cl- bng dd AgNO3 0,01M

- Dng pipet ht chnh xc 10ml dung dch NaCl cn xc nh nng cho vo
bnh tam gic, cho tip 5 git dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,1M.
-

Cho dung dch AgNO3 0,01M vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng

cha kh bn trong.
-

Tin hnh chun dung dch NaCl bng dung dch AgNO 3 ti khi git u

tin lm kt ta t trng chuyn sang vng th dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V 1 (ml)
dung dch AgNO3 dng.
- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh th nghim hai ln na v ghi cc gi
tr th tch dung dch AgNO3 l V2, V3.
- Tnh kt qu:
Tnh th tch trung bnh ca dd AgNO3 0,01M dng: VAgNO3

V1

V2 V3
3

T kt qu th tch, tnh nng dung dch NaCl

7.4. Th nghim 4: Xc nh nng dung dch FeSO4 bng dung dch KMnO4 0,001N
- Cho dung dch KMnO4 0,001N vo buret sch ti vch 0, ton b buret khng cha
kh bn trong.
- Ly ng ht sch ht chnh xc 10ml dung dch FeSO4 cho vo bnh tam gic sch.
- Chun dung dch FeSO4 bng dung dch KMnO4 0,001N, lc u cho ti khi git
u tin ca KMnO4 lm ton b dung dch trong bnh tam gic c mu hng bn th
dng li. Ghi gi tr th tch V1 (ml) dung dch KMnO4 0,001N tiu tn.

- Ra sch bnh tam gic, tip tc tin hnh chun FeSO 4 bng dung dch KMnO4
0,001N hai ln na v ghi cc gi tr th tch (ml) dung dch KMnO 4 tiu tn l V2,
V3.
Tnh kt qu:
__

V KMnO =
4

V1 +V2 +V3
3
Bi 8: BI TP TRONG PHN TCH NH LNG

1. Xy dng ng chun ca php chun dung dch NH 3 0,1M bng dung dch
4,75
HCl 0,1M , cho K NH 10 . Nhn xt bc nhy chun v cch chn ch th.
2. Xy dng ng chun ca php chun dung dch CH 3COOH 0,1M bng
4,75
dung dch NaOH 0,1M, cho K CH COOH 10 . Nhn xt bc nhy chun v cch
chn ch thi.
3.
a. Xy dng ng chun dung dch HCl 0,1M bng dung dch NaOH 0,1M,
nhn xt bc nhy chun v chn ch th.
b. Tnh sai s ch th khi dng metyl c pT = 5,0 lm ch th cho php chun
dung dch HCl 0,02M bng dung dch NaOH 0,01M
4.
a. Xy dng ng chun dung dch NaOH 0,1M, bng dung dch HCl 0,1M,
nhn xt bc nhy chun v chn ch th.
b. Tnh sai s ch th khi dng metyl c pT = 5,0 lm ch th cho php chun
dung dch NaOH 0,01M bng dung dch HCl 0,02M
5. xc nh nng dung dch HCl, ta tin hnh chun 10,00 ml dung dch HCl
3

bng dung dch NaOH 0,1050N. Chun 3 ln v thu c kt qu trung bnh 10,25
ml dung dch NaOH 0,1050N.
a. Tnh CHCl ca mu.
b. Tnh pH tng ng ca php chun trn.
6. Chun 10ml dung dch NH3 0,1N bng HCl 0,1N, v ng cong chun ti
cc thi im: 0; 5; 9; 9,9; 10; 10,1; 15; 20 ml HCl. Cho pKb = 4,75.
7. Chun 10ml dung dch CH3COOH 0,1N bng NaOH 0,1N, v ng cong chun ti
cc thi im: 0; 5; 9; 9,9; 10; 10,1; 15; 20 ml NaOH. Cho pKa = 4,75.

Tnh th tch nc ct cn pha vo:

a. 100ml dung dch HCl 20% (d = 1,1g/ml) thu c dung dch c nng
5%.
b. 100g dung dch NH3 2M (d = 1,14g/ml) thu c dung dch c nng
1,5M.
Tnh lng cn pha cc dung dch sau:
a. 1 lt dung dch K2Cr2O7 0,1N
b. 500ml dung dch K2Cr2O7 5%
Ht 2ml dung dch HCl 36% (d = 1,17g/ml), pha vi nc ct nh mc 100ml. Tnh
nng CM v C% ca dung dch trong bnh nh mc
8. Tnh sai s ch th khi dng qu (pT = 7) lm ch th chun dung dch HCOOH
0,1M bng dung dch KOH 0,1M. Cho KHCOOH = 10-3,75
9. Tnh s ml dung dch HCl 36% ( d= 1,18g/ml) cn ly pha vo nc c dung dch
HCl 0,1M th tch dung dch pha l 5 lt.
10. Cho 100ml dung dch : HCl 0,1N phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH 0,05N.
Tnh s lt dung dch NaOH dng.
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