Towards a comprehensive energy

assessment of residential buildings

Dr Andr Stephan
13/05/2016

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

$
$
Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

Case studies
Robert Crawford

maisonsetarchitectes.be

Tecentlb.com

297 m
5 inhabitants
2 cars
18 000 km/cara
Timber Framed
U-value:
0.58 W/(mK)

156 m
4 inhabitants
2 cars
20 000
km/cara
RC Structure
U-value:
1.2 W/(mK)

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

10

5 000

4 894

Primary energy use over 50 years (GJ/capita)

Indirect
transport
Transport
Direct transport

4 500
4 000

4 833

1 586
(32%)

1 225
(25%)

Cooking

Embodied
Appliances
Lighting
Hot water

3 500
3 000

2 500

Operational

4 195

1 718
(35%)

2 064
(49%)

1 447
(31%)

Mechanical ventilation
Cooling
Heating
Infrastructure
Non-material inputs

2 000

Construction

1 170
(33%)

1 500
1 000

500

1 591
(33%)

Finishes and shared areas

2 131
(44%)

Systems
Envelope
Structure

768
(18%)

Australian 7-star house Belgian passive house

Lebanese apartment

Stephan, A. and Crawford, R.H. (2014) A comparison of the life cycle energy profile of residential buildings in different countries.
World Sustainable Building Congress 2014: Are we moving as fast as we should?, Barcelona, pp 8.
Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

11

Envelope
3 940 kL
12%

10 282 kL
29.6%

Finishings
2 660 kL
8%

13 593 kL
39.1%

10 877 kL
31.3%

Structure
2 440 kL
7%

Non-material
inputs
2 370 kL
7%
Infrastructure
1 470 kL
4%
Construction
Systems 496 kL
221 kL
2%
1%

Stephan, A. and Crawford, R.H. (2014) A comprehensive life cycle water analysis framework for residential buildings. Building
Research & Information 42 (6):685-695.
Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

12

230 m

180 m

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

13

Greenhouse gas emissions (tCO2-e/capita)

1 000

BC

RH_SDH_1

RH_SDH_2

APB

900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

159 148 134

Embodied

99

309 297 291 268

263 263 263 257

731 708 687 624

Operational

Transport

Total

Stephan, A., Crawford, R.H. and de Myttenaere, K. (2013) Multi-scale life cycle energy analysis of a low-density suburban
neighbourhood in Melbourne, Australia. Building and Environment 68 (0):35-49.
Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

14

W 10

0.5

14 m

28 m

10

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

15

12
2 occupants
3 occupants
4 occupants
5 occupants

Primary energy over 50 years ('000

GJ/capita)

10

100

150

392 m

260 m

160 m

200

250

300

350

392 (+292%)

Gross floor area (m)

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

16

E
GHG
W
M

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

17

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

UNHABITAT Energy Metric

18

Andre.stephan@unimleb.edu.au
@astephan_bldgs

Andr Stephan | andre.stephan@unimelb.edu.au |

@astephan_bldgs

Its UNHABITAT
time to
look
Energy
Metricbeneath
19