24

20162

1. 40%

2.

3.
4.

5.
6.

40%

Walter and Benson, 20121

2004

1.
 2.21
Dutcher, 2004

 24

25%
1a

20%
80%
95%
1b

WIDE

2011

94%
62%
1c

2008

55%

2011

Guadalupe et al., 2013

1.

a.
2010

0%

2005

0%

2008

0%

2007 0%
2007

0%

100%

100%

100%

100%

100%

b.
2011

0%

100%

c.
2011

0%

100%

(WIDE)

 24

1994/19952011

90%Thomsonet
al., 2012

2012

1550%

80%
2006

38%
77%

Natalee

bit.ly/MLD2016

Nguyen:13

Nguyen Thanh Tuan/

Patrinos and Velez, 1996

19942000

32%
Bhmann and Trudell, 2008
2005

Nikiema, 2011
/

Nikiema, 2011

#MLD2016
3

 24

Heugh
et al., 2007; , 2011

Alidouet al., 2006

20072012
12

Walter and Chuo, 2012

Bamgbose,2000,2004;
Fafunwa et al., 1989

Heugh et al.,
2007

bit.ly/MLD2016

2009

Pinnock,2009

Graham-Brown, 1994 ,
2010

Murshed and Gates, 2005

Marques and
Bannon, 2003

#MLD2016
4

 24

1962

Brown, 2010

1952

Schendel, 2009

Mohsin,2003
8%

Ayres,
2003; Winthrop and Graff, 2010

40

Hunt,
2013

bit.ly/MLD2016

47
20
38
Albaugh, 2015

ParaguayMinistryof
Education, 2011

Inga

Alidou and Brock-Utne, 2011

#MLD2016
5

 24

Chudgar and Luschei, 2013

Luschei
et al., 2013

8%
2%
Akyeampong et al., 2013

Kasule and Mapolelo, 2005

bit.ly/MLD2016

Cueto et al., 2012; Guadalupe et

al., 2013

Pinnock and Nicholls, 2012

Lopez, 2010

14

Biddleand
Mackay, 2009

#MLD2016

 24

Glewwe et al., 2009

Butcher, 2011; Nal'ibali, 2013; Project for

the Study of Alternative Education in South
Africa, 2013; Welch, 2012

bit.ly/MLD2016

EGRA

Gove
and Cvelich, 2011
+

Davidson et al., 2011

#MLD2016
7

 24

15%
53

Harris, 2009
2006
100000327000

2009

20%
30%

Harris,2009;PrimaryEducationfor
Disadvantaged Children, 2010

bit.ly/MLD2016

Longden, 2013

Longden, 2013

35
Jere, 2012

stergaard, 2013

#MLD2016

 24

2 /

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SDG

https://en.unesco.org/gem-report/sites/gem-report/files/language_
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