Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TEST 1
Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1. a. economic
b. experience
c. entertainment d. introduction
2. a. achievement
b. communist
c. constantly
d. government
3. a. heavy
b. major
c. program
d. reform
4. a. production
b. consumer
c. domestic
d. business
5. a. hospital
b. inflation
c. policy
d. constantly
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence,
substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original
one.
6. It is quite important _______ me to get on and think.
a. of
b to
c. on
d. with
7. If you think you may be allergic to a food or drink, eliminate it _______
your diet.
a. for
b. without
c. from
d. on
8. The new policies include cutting _______ subsidies and trade barriers.
a. agriculture
b. agricultural
c. agriculturalist d. agriculturally
9. The control of _______ has been carried out through measures rooted in
monetarism.
a. inflate
b. inflationist
c. inflation
d. inflator
10. It is often a good idea to start with small, easily _______ goals.
a. achieve
b. achievement
c. achievable
d. achiever
11. Economic reforms began in the Soviet Union in June 1985 by the Soviet
leader Mikhail Gorbachev to _______ the Soviet economy.
a. repair
b. reproduce
c. restructure
d. reply
12. After more than a decade of Doi Moi or economic _______, the
Vietnamese Communist government has achieved diplomatic and
economic links with numerous foreign partners.
a. relation
b. investment
c. productivity
d. renovation
13. For more than 20 years, the Vietnamese government has pursued the
open-door _______ and continued to woo foreign investment.
a. policy
b. way
c. export
d. guideline
14. After a decade of economic liberalization, Vietnam has seen a dramatic
rise in living _______ in urban areas.
a. surface
b. standards
c. levels
d. backgrounds
15. _______ laws and regulations which impose restrictions on any rights
should be revised to comply with international law.
a. Domestic
b. Program
c. Encouraged
d. Expanding
16. These new economic reforms have allowed for international _______
and development in the country.
a. pay
b. renovation
c. investment
d. opportunity
17. In 2001 _______ Vietnamese Communist Party approved a 10-year
economic plan that enhanced the role of the, private sector while
reaffirming the primacy of the state.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d.
18. It would also concomitantly attract foreign investment to Vietnam, not
only from ____ U.S., but also from ____ Europe, Asia, and other regions.
a. / the
b. the / the
c. / an
d. the /
19. _______ some German and British management styles are similar, there
are many differences between them.
a. In spite
b. In spite of c. Despite the fact that d. Despite
20. I could not eat _______ I was very hungry.
a. even though
b. in spite
c. despite
d. in spite the fact that
21. In spite _______, the baseball game was not cancelled.
a. the rain
b. of the rain
c. it was raining
d. there was a rain
22. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
a. In spite
b. In spite of
c. Despite
d. Although
23. _______, he walked to the station.
a. Despite being tired
b. Although to be tired
c. In spite being tired
d. Despite tired
24. The children slept well, despite _______.
a. it was noise
b. the noise
c. of the noise
d. noisy
25. She left him _______ she still loved him.
a. even if
b. even though
c. in spite of
d. despite
26. _______ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
a. In spite
b. Even though
c. In spite of
d. Despite of
27. _______ they are brothers, they do not look like.
a. Although
b. Even
c. Despite
d. In spite of
28. We are concerned with the problem of energy resources _______ we
must also think of our environment.
a. despite
b. though
c. as though
d. but
29. _______ some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority
of Japanese companies are run by men.
a. But
b. Even if
c. If
d. As though
30. The teams played on in spite of the rain.
a. even if
b. if
c. in case
d. notwithstanding
Error Identification
31. The term economic reform refers to policies directing by the
A
B
government to achieve improvements in economic efficiency.
C
D
32. Economic reform usually refers to actions of the government to improve
A
B
C
efficiency in economy markets.
D
33. Economic reform has dominated Australian economic policy from
A
B
the early 1980s until the end of the 20th century.
C
D
34. The goal of Chinese economic reform was to generating sufficient
A
B
surplus value to finance the modernization of the mainland Chinese economy.
C
D
35. Economic reforms started since 1986 in Vietnam have helped millions
A
B
of people to be out of poverty and bringing the poverty rate down.
C
D
Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original
one.
31. Mary tried to keep calm although she was very disappointed.
a. Mary was too disappointed to keep calm.
b. Disappointed as she was, Mary tried to keep calm.
c. Mary lost her temper because of her disappointment.
d. Feeling disappointed, Mary tried to keep calm, but she failed.
32. Even though it was raining heavily, the explorers decided to continue
their journey.
a. It rained so heavily that the explorers could not continue their journey.
b. The explorers put off their journey due to the heavy rain.
c. The heavy rain could not prevent the explorers from continuing their
journey.
d. If it had rained heavily, the explorers would not have continued their
journey.
33. Despite his ability to do the job, he was not offered the position.
a. It was his ability that helped him do the job and get the position.
b. Although he was able to do the job, but he was not offered the
position.
c. He was not offered the position, regardless of his ability to, do the job.
d. If he had enough ability to do the job, he would be offered the position.
34. He had worked very hard but he (ailed.
a. Hard as he worked, he failed.
b. Thanks to his hard work, he failed.
c. He did not succeeded because of his being hard working.
d. Even though being hard working, he failed.
35. I did not answer the door even though I knew it was my friend.
a. unless I knew it was my friend, I would not answer the door.
b. I knew it was my friend, but I did not answer the door.
c. Only when I answered the door did I knew it was my friend.
d. I answered the door since I knew it was my friend.
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Between 1945 and 1973, the economies of the industrialized nations of
Western Europe, Japan, and the U.S. grew fast enough to vastly improve
living standards for their residents. A similarly favorable growth was
registered by some, but far from all, of the developing or industrializing
nations, in particular such thriving Southeast Asian economies as Taiwan,
Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea. After the devastation of World War
II, a substantial rebuilding boom, combined with lavish flows of aid from the
U.S., generated rapid growth in Western Europe and Japan. American
multinational corporations invested heavily in the rest of the world. Perhaps
the most important of all, energy was plentiful and cheap.
Poor nations need aid from the rich nations in the form of capital and of
technological and organizational expertise. They also need easy access to
the markets of the industrialized nations for their manufactures and raw
materials. However, the political capacity of rich nations to respond to these
needs depends greatly on their own success in coping with inflation and
unemployment. In democratic communities, it is exceedingly difficult to
generate public support for assistance to foreign countries when average
3. a. administrative
b. intervention
c. productivity
d. opportunity
4. a. ethnic
b. enjoy
c. legal
d. measure
5. a. economy
b. experience
c. relationship
d. renovation
Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentence,
substitutes the underlined part, or has a close meaning to the original
one.
6. There was a shortage _______ food and safe water after the flood.
a. on
b. with
c. for
d. of
7. The new measures are aimed _____ increasing the productivity of crops.
a. at
b. over
c. upon
d. beyond
8. The _______ challenge of economic, reform was to solve the problems
of motivating workers and farmers to produce a larger surplus.
a. initial
b. initiate
c. initiative
d. initiation
9. Since 1990, India has had high growth rates, and has emerged as one of
the wealthiest _______ in the developing world.
a. economics
b. economies
c. economists d. economically
10. Those specialists are trying to find ways of making more _______ use of
agricultural land.
a. produce
b. production
c. productive
d. productivity
11. Industry in the area consisted mostly of food-processing plants and
factories _______ consumer goods.
a. renovating
b. initiating
c. developing
d. producing
12. The government gave top _______ to reforming the legal system.
a. priority
b. primary
c. preference
d. major
13. A _______ is money that is paid by a government or other authority in
order to help an industry or business, or to pay for a public service.
a. capital
b. subsidy
c. investment
d. salary
14. They still remain the need for an integrated system of subsidies which
will _______ farmers to look after their upland environment and
producing food.
a. enable
b. adopt
c. consume
d. expand
15. Development plans were to focus equally on agriculture and industry and
investment was to favor projects that developed both __ of the economy.
a. parties
b. parts
c. sections
d. sectors
16. Despite the plan's emphasis on agricultural _______, the industrial
sector received a larger share of state investment.
a. shortage
b. commitment
c. development d. achievement
17. Vietnam's economy, which continues to expand at _______ annual rate
in excess of 7 percent, is one of the fastest growing in _______ world.
a. an / the
b. / a
c. a /
d. the / a
18. Economic policy encouraged _______ developing of the family economy.
a. a
b. an
c. the
d.
19. _______ the increase in their salaries, many French employees spend
Saturday at work.
a. Despite
b. Even if
c. Even though
d. In spite
20. _______ he is the boss, he does not find solutions to problems very
easily.
a. Although
b. In spite of
c. Notwithstanding d. Despite
21. Even if _______, they had to continue practicing.
c. Because the GDP growth was 8.4% in 2005, the second largest
growth in Asia, after only China.
d. The GDP growth, which was 8.4% in 2005, the second largest growth
in Asia, after only China.
33. November 7, 2006 / Vietnam became WTO's 150th member / after
several years of preparation and negotiation.
a. On November 7, 2006, when Vietnam became WTO's 150th member
for after several years of preparation and negotiation.
b. It was on November 7, 2006, Vietnam became WTO's 150th member
since after several years of preparation and negotiation.
c. On November 7, 2006, Vietnam became WTO's 150th member, after
several years of preparation and negotiation.
d. When November 7, 2006, Vietnam became WTO's 150th member
after several years of preparation and negotiation.
34. Government figures / GDP growth / 8.17% / 2006.
a. Government figures of GDP growth up to 8.17% in 2006.
b. Government figt1'res of GDP growth raised 8.17% in 2006.
c. Government figures in GDP growth had 8.17% in 2006.
d. Government figures of GDP growth was 8.17% in 2006.
35. Vietnam's Minister of Planning and Investment / the government / target /
a GDP growth of around 8.5% / 2007.
a. To Vietnam's Minister of Planning and Investment states that the
government targets a GDP growth of around 8.5% in 2007.
b. As Vietnam's Minister of Planning and Investment, the' government
targets a GDP growth of around 8.5% during 2007. .
c. Vietnam's Minister of Planning and Investment said that the
government, targets a GDP growth of around 8.5% in 2007.
d. According to Vietnam's Minister of Planning and Investment, the
government targets a GDP growth of around 8.5% in 2007.
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
In 1986 Vietnam launched a political and economic innovation campaign
(Doi Moi) that introduced reforms intended to facilitate the transition from a
centralized economy to a "socialist-oriented market economy." Doi Moi
combined government planning with free-market incentives. The program
abolished agricultural collectives, removed price controls on agricultural
goods, and enabled farmers to sell their goods in the marketplace. It
encouraged the establishment of private businesses and foreign investment,
including foreign-owned enterprises.
By the late 1990s, .the success of the business and agricultural reforms
ushered in under Doi Moi was evident. More than 30,000 private businesses
had been created, and the economy was growing at an annual rate of more
than 7 percent. From the early 1990s to 2005, poverty declined from about
50 percent to 29 percent of the population. However, progress varied
geographically, with most prosperity concentrated in urban areas, particularly
in and around Ho Chi Minh City. In general, rural areas also made progress,
as rural housel olds living in poverty declined from 66 percent of the total in
1993to 36 percent in 2002. By contrast, concentrations of poverty remained
in certain rural areas, particularly the northwest, north-central coast, and
central highlands.
writer had a plan for children of the poor: "(49) _____ the children are four
years old, they should be sent to the workhouse, taught to read two hours a
day, and kept fully employed the rest of the time in any of the manufactures
of the house which best suits their age, (50) _____ and capacity.
41. a. medicine
b. philosophy
c. education
d. trade
42. a. regarded
b. chose
c. selected
d. wondered
43. a. a
b. an
c. the
d.
44. a. attention
b. interest
c. showing
d. expression
45. a. power
b. powerful
c. powerfully
d. powered
46. a. rise
b. encourage
c. recover
d. pull
47. a. research
b. create
c. invent
d. exploit
48. a. invest
b. restructured
c. inflated
d. produced
49. a. While
b. When
c. Although
d. Since
50. a. standard
b. property
c. health
d. wealth