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1.1.5. ...
1.1.6.

4
5
7
8
9
15

1.2.
1.2.1.
1.2.2
1.2.3 Odense
1.2.4.
1.2.5.
1.2.6.
1.2.7. Freiburg
1.2.8.

1.3.
1.3.1.
1.3.2.

1.3.2.1. Bradford

1.3.2.2.
1.3.2.3. Leeds

1.3.3.
1.3.3.1.

1.3.3.2.

1.3.3.3. ...
1.3.3.4. ...
1.3.3.5. ...
1.3.3.6.
1.3.3.7.

1.3.4.
1.3.4.1.

1.3.4.2. 9

ii

15
18
19
20
20
21
21
22
22
23
23
25
27
29
29
30
31
31
34
35
36
36
37

1.3.4.3. 7
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1.3.5.
Victoria Transport Policy Institute
()

40

40

1.4.
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2.2.

2.2.1.
2.2.1.1.
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2.2.2.
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2.2.2.2.

2.2.3.
2.2.3.1.
2.2.3.2.

2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3. /
2.2.4.
2.2.5.
2.2.6.
2.2.7.
2.2.8.
2.2.9.
2.2.10.

2.3.
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.3.2.1.
2.3.2.1.1. :
2.3.2.1.2. :
2.3.2.1.3. :
2.3.2.1.4. :

2.3.2.2.

iii

46
46
47
48
49
51
53
53
54
55
55
62
62
62
63
63
64
64
65
66

67
67
67

1.
2.

1: (2002)
2:
3: Bradford

4: a priori

5: Leeds

6:
7:
8:
9:
10:

11:

12:
13:
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14:

15:
16:

5
11
24
26
28
32
35
36
38
41
43
44
45
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4: ()
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iv

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[Kramer
Badoni T., E.U. 1995, p. 153].
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Blickstein S. Hanson S. 2001.

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[Ministry of Transport (Denmark) 2000].

1:

[E.C.M.T. 2004]:
- Cycling into the 21st Century,
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.
- Promoting Safer Cycling-A Strategy
. :
, ,
, ,

.
- T Collection of cycle concepts

.



. ,

. , ,
, .

.
:

 5 . 1999
Odense . o
,
.

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Bicycle Ideas Group,
,
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.
, - [E.C.M.T.
2004].
,
, .
.. 347
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1.1.3. 7

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1992,
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,


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1996,
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,

.
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National Cycle Town National Cycle City: E.C... 2004, .70

Ministry of Transport (Denmark) 2000, .150. Bicycle Ideas Group, E.C... 2004,
.70.
6
Krag T.,Chapter 14: Urban Cycling in Denmark, Mc Clintock H. (edit.) 2002.
7
Department of
Transport (U.K.) 1996a 1996b.
8
British Medical Association report on Cycling (1992), 2 (The development
of U.K. cycling policy Mc Clintock H. (edit.) 2002.
9
National Cycling Strategy, . Department of Transport (U.K.) 1996b.


2016.
, Institution of
Highways and Transportation, Bicycle Association & Cyclists Touring Club
The Bicycle association,
, Cycle-friendly Infrastructure:
Guidelines for Planning and Design [Mc Clintock H. (edit.) 2002]. ,

.
1998, .

, .
Governments Ten Year Transport Plan,
2000.
.

,
.
,

2001. , ,

.
1.1.4. 10
1990,
Dutch Bicycle Master Plan
1990-1997. 112 projects, 31
41
, ,

.
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1990
.

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, .

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, . E.C.M.T. 2004.

 1990,
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.

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. 2000-2007 460.000.000 Gld

.

.

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. 22.000

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, [Rietvield P.
2000].
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1990 ...,
,
. 1991
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
.

,
,

.
, 1990
. 1990,
...
. 1991, . 1991-1997,
971 ,
20 , 41
[Pucher J. Komanoff C. Schimek P. 1999].
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century 1998
Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 1991


.
1990-1995, 55%,
0,6% 0,9% [Ibid.].
, 89,3%
1995, 1995
1,8% 5,5% [Sani M. 1997].
: 57% , 12,7% , 12,5%
, 9% 8,8% [Tolley R.(ed.) 1997,
Zegeer C. (ed.) 1994].
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.
. 2001,

17 :
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10

 2: [E.C.M.T. 2004]

Cycling and Walking Policy

Programmes 2001

.


.

2004.

-National Cycling Plan 2002-2012

-Ride your bike!
-Measures to promote cycling in
Germany

Position of cycle traffic and main

directions of its development in Hungary

-


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11

 2 ()

The Agreed Programme for Government

between Fianna Fail and the Progressive
Democrats, 2002.

-
.
- .
- .
-
.

Mobility
Management Plan.

The Dutch Bicycle Master Plan (19901997).

-

.
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National Transport
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,
.
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.

12

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2002. ,
.

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.
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.
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-

.
- .
.
The Swedish National Strategy for More
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.
- .
National Action
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Plan of Environment and health of Slovak -
Republic Inhabitants I

.
-
,
.
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13

-

47% (2000) 54% 2010.

-

12% 16%.

 2 ()

National Cycling Strategy (1996)

...

National Bicycling and Walking Study

(1994)
National Strategies for Advancing
Bicycle Safety (2000)

- .
-
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, , .
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1970 . , ,
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City Bike.
stands (
, , ..)
.
1995 .
,
, stands.
(20DK =3 .),

125 stand .
.

15

 2:
City Bike,
. , ,

. ,
,
[Newman P. Kenworthy J. (and oth.) 1997]. ,

.
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:

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,
.
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16

 ,

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16 , 323 .
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1 32 . ,
2002 ,
2000, 172 .
0,46 ( ) [City of Copenhagen 2003].

17

 1: 2016
, 20022012 :
-
40%
- 50%,
- 10%
5 .
- [City of Copenhagen 2002].

18

1.2.2. Odense 11
Odense Funen (Fyn). 180.000
. Odense
304 2 350 .
1980,
,
.

:
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- ( )
- ( )
- ( )
- ( )
project, 50
, 2,7 .

3: ()
Odense

, , .
, . ,
car
sharing.
Odense,
,
11

Ministry of Transport (Denmark) 2000.

19

 . ,
1999 Asylgade
.
1.2.3. Ferrara 12
Ferrara 140.000 100.000 .
,
, 5 . ,

.

, .
, ,
,
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, 330 800
. Ferrara
, 163 . Po.

4: ()

12

European Commission 1999, 2000.

20

1.2.4.
,

.
18
1994-1998, 120 . . ,
15%
. , 10.000
.
1.2.5. 13


.
. Park& Ride
,
[ . . 2001]. , ,
.
1988 1994, 8% 12%.
33%
.
77 . 25%
.

5: ()

13

Ibid.

21

1.2.6. Freiburg. 14
Freiburg
1976, 135 .
,
. ,
13 . 1976 1992,
. ,
20%.
1.2.7. 15
13 100 .
4 . ,
2% 4%.
0,5% .

6: ()

14
15

Ibid.
Ibid.

22

1.3.
1.3.1.
,

.

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,

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- , (1.3.5.),

2004 17 .
,

.

16

. . .. Ortuzar J. Iacobelli A. Valeze C. 2000.
: ..,
[Victoria
Planning Institute 2004].
17
. Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2004.

23

1.3.2.

, .
.
.
:
. , ,

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.
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.
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18

Bradford Yorkshire.
.
.
:
.
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18

. Hopkinson P. Wardman M. 1996.

24

 3: Bradford


( )
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. ( )
7.
8.
9.
10.

60% , 25-45.
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(26%), (93%), (76%),
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19

. Ortuzar J. Iacobelli A. Valeze C. 2000.

26

 :
4: a priori
[Ortuzar J. Iacobelli A. Valeze C. 2000]
(1)

1.
2.

1.
2.
3.

4.

5.

(2)

1.

2.
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27

 , ,
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1.3.2.3. Leeds
20

a priori
Leeds
. ,
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. , ,
.
Leeds

.
461 , 56 (12%)
14 (3%)
. 391 , 161 :
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.
. , ,
, .

.

20

. Wardman M. Hatfield R. and Page M. 1997.

28

 5: Leeds

-
- (, , )
-
-
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, ..
, Leeds.

.
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.

29

1.3.3.

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/ .
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.
1.3.3.1.
21

. 6.000
,
, .
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, .

. ,

, , ,
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,
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.
.
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, 373 . off-road path and trails) 1.603 , 1.452 .
(130 .2 , 1624 . , 74 .
) 1.360 , 1.196 .

21

. Aultman-Hall L. and Adams M.F.Jr. 1998.

30

 ( )
.
,
, .
,
.
1.3.3.2.
22

,
,
. 93.000 , ,
.
.
8 ,
.
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.
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,
, , .

. ,

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.
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.
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.
:
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-
.
-
. 26,4% 80%
22

. Aultman-Hall L. Hall F.L. and Baetz B.B. 1997.

31

 , 46,3% 70% .
, 27% ( 1,1
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).
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23

...
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24

...
. 2.374
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(mountain bike, .),
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23
24

. Harkey D.K. and Steward J.R. 1997.

. Moritz W.E. 1997.

32

 6: [Moritz W.E.
1997]
.
1. ;
2. ;
3. ,
( 50%);

van/ car pooling

4.
;

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;

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33

12.
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34


: 39 ,
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25

. Shafizadeh K. Niemer D. 1997.

35

 1,2 .
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26

.
,
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.

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26

. Zacharias J. 2002.

36

1.3.3.7.
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,
Centre d Etudes, Transports, Essais et Contrles.

. :

. 1750
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Centre d Etudes, Transports, Essais et Contrles 2002.

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, 1995 [Aultman-Hall L. Adams M.F.Jr.
1998]. ,

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Bradley .. Bovy P.L. 1984,

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Highway Safety Research Center University of North Carolina [1994]
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Nelson A.C. Allen D. 1997: ,
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1994]. [Zehner R.B. 1977]
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61

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, .
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2000], .

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[Wardman M. Hatfield R. and Page M. 1997]
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62

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Aultman-Hall L., Hall F.L. Baetz B.B. [1997],
.

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[Wardman M. Hatfield R. and Page M. 1997, Hopkinson P. Wardman M.
1996, Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2004], Noland R. Kunreuther H.
1995,
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2.2.5.
.
, 20-40%
[Rietveld P. 2000]. Moritz W.E. [1997]
,
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63

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[N.H.T.S.A. 1998].

1990 [Stone M. Broughton M. 2003],
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[Rietveld P. Daniel V. 2004],
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Hopkinson ..]. Wardman M. Hatfield R. and Page M. [1997]
.. Leeds,

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64

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2.2.6.
,
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[Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2004]. Ashley C. A. Banister C. [1989]
.. Everett
M.D. [1974]

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,
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,
[Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2004].
, :
,
[Howe J. 2003].
Victoria Transport Policy Institute [2004],

.
(bike
and ride) ,
bike and ride [Martens K.
2004]. , 48-55% bike and ride
[Bickelbacher P. 2001].
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,
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[. .. Ortuzar J. Iacobelli A. Valeze C.
2000]. Bergstrom A. Magnusson R. [2003] ,

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42

(
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65


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[Rietveld P. Daniel V. 2004].
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[Rietveld P. 2000].

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.
2.2.8.

43 . ,
5 [Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2004].

..., 16 [Moritz W.E.
1997, 1998]. National Travel Survey Department of Transport 1994
[Hopkinson P. Wardman M. 1996] 58%
3,2 , 5%
8 . ,
3,7 [Aultman-Hall L. Hall F.L. and Baetz
B.B. 1997]. , 2000,
80,4% 5 [Bergstrom A.
Magnusson R. 2003].
, 25,6%
2000 [Rietveld P. Daniel V. 2004],
1,0 2,5 43,6%.
1997,

: 0-0,5 1-2,5 ,
43

Ortuzar J. Iacobelli A. Valeze C. 2000

.

66

 . , [Rietveld P. 2000].
, ..
. ,
.
2.2.9.
.
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8% , ,
[Rietveld P. Daniel V.
2004].
. .., ,
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[Martens K. 2004]. [Ibid.].
,
.
Victoria Transport Policy Institute [2004], 100.000
.
, ,

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2004]. 45 ( )
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.., , ,
[Centre d Etudes, Transports, Essais et Contrles 2002]
90% .
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Pucher J. Komanoff C. Schimek P. 1999,
...
.
46
. Rietveld P. Daniel V. 2004 .534.

67

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53 . [Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2004, Asperges
T. 2003]
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. De la Bruheze A. 2000.
9
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1970 ) .
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.., Ortuzar J. Iacobelli A. Valeze C. 2000
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. . 1.3.2.2. .
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75


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