CHNG 1: PIPING V CC THNH PHN TRONG H THNG

PIPING
1.1. Piping
Trong cng nghip, Piping l mt h thng nhiu thnh phn lin kt vi nhau, bao
gm pipe, fitting, instruments ,bolts, gaskets, valves, supports dng chuyn ti lu
cht
t im ny ti im khc.
Piping c chia thnh 3 loi chnh (theo Size):

ng c ng knh ln (Large bore pipe): thng bao gm ng c ng knh

ng c ng knh nh (Small bore pipe): thng bao gm ng c ng

ln hn 2 inch.

knh nh hn hoc bng 2 inch.

Tubing bao gm cc ng c ng knh ln n 4 inch nhng c dy thnh

ng nh hn hai loi trn v c kt ni vi cc compression fittings

(instruments).

H thng ng bao gm:

Pipe

Fittings (e.g. elbows, reducers, branch connections, etc.)

Flanges, gaskets, bolting

Valves

Pipe supports

Instruments.

1.1.1. Piping classcification

C 7 class sau (Theo ASME): 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 v 2500.
Chia Class ca piping cn c vo di p sut-nhit ca thnh phn chu p yu
nht.

1.1.2. Cc tiu chun lin quan n vic to ra codes v material specification

cho h
thng ng ng:
Cc tiu chun lin quan n vic to ra codes cho h thng ng ng:

ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ANSI - American National Standardization Institute

Cc tiu chun ny a ra cc khuyn ngh k thut cho vic thit k h thng ng

ca cc nh my nng lng v ha cht. Chng bao gm:

Cc cng thc tnh ton dy ca ng ng.

Cc cng thc tnh ton dy extra m mt ng phi c khi kt ni vi

mt nhnh.

Cc quy tc cho vic phn tch ng sut.

Cc bng tra ng sut ln nht cho php i vi vt liu kim loi c xc

nhn theo ANSI.

Piping Codes:
ASME B31.1 - Power Piping
ASME B31.2 - Fuel Gas .Piping
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping
ASME B31.4 - Liquid Piping
ASME B31.5 - Refrigeration Piping
ASME B31.8 - Gas Distribution and Transportation
ASME B31.9 - Building Service Piping
ASME B31.11 - Slurry Piping
Cc tiu chun lin quan n vic to ra material specification cho piping:
ASTM - American Society for Testing Materials

ASTM xy dng mt b tiu chun c tnh k thut vt liu c s dng

trong cc ngnh cng nghip.

Specifications bt u bng ch A c s dng cho thp. Specifications

bt u bng ch B c s dng cho kim loi mu (ng thau, ng thic,

hp kim ng Niken, hp kim nhm.v.v.). Specifications bt u bng ch
D c s dng cho vt liu plastic (nha PVC).

Mt ASTM specification khng ch th hin cc thnh phn ha hc c bn

ca vt liu m cn th hin qu trnh hnh thnh hnh dng cui cng ca sn

phm.
API-American Petroleum Institute

Cc nguyn tc, ng dng v cc tiu chun du kh c ban hnh bi vin

c p dng cho hu ht cc cng ty du kh trn th gii.

Trong s nhiu tiu chun c ban hnh bi vin, c tiu chun API standard

5L c s dng cho thit k ng ng Pipelines.

1.2. Cc thnh phn piping: pipe, fitting, bolts, gaskets,

valves, supports
1.2.1. Pipe

Pipe: ng c mt ct trn c kch thc ph hp vi tiu chun:

+ ASME B36.10M: welded and seamless wrought steel pipe

+ ASME B36.19M: Stainless steel pipe Kch thc ca pipe: c xc nh bi

ng knh ngoi ca Pipe (OD) v dy pipe:

Norminal pipe size (NPS): y l kch thc danh ngha ca pipe theo h inch.

Cc NPS thng c s dng:

1/8, , 3/8, , , 1, 1 , 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24,

28, 30, 32, 36, 40, 44, 4852, 56, 60

Cc NPS sau thng khng c s dng: 1 , 2 , 3 , 5

i vi cc ng c NPS 12 th OD NPS.

i vi cc ng c NPS 14 th OD = NPS

V d: Mt pipe c ghi kch thc l NPS 2 th c ngha l ng kch ngoi ca pipe l

2.375 inch (Tra bng kch thc tng ng trong ASME B36.10).

Nominal diameter (DN): y cng l ng knh danh ngha ca pipe nhng ghi
trong h Mt (Metric).

V d: DN 50 th tng ng vi NPS 2 (ch : Pipe vi NPS 2 th khng phi tng ng vi

pipe DN 2x25.4 =50.8).

dy ca Pipe: c xc nh bng Schedule (SCH) hoc ch chnh xc dy

thnh ng (WT Wall thickness).

Schedule (SCH) c k hiu bi dy ch s:

5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 20S, 30, 40, STD, 40S, 60, 80, XS, 80S, 120,140,160, XXS
STD: standard wall thickness, XS: extra, XXS: double extra
K hiu S sau s SCH (10S, 20S) ch ra rng Pipe theo tiu chun ASME B36.19M, cho
Stainless steel pipe.

i vi cc ng c NPS 10, SCH 40 = STD

i vi cc ng c NPS 8, SCH 80 = XS

Da vo NPS (DN) v SCH ta tra bng ra chiu dy ca ng tng ng.

Bng mt s thng s ca pipe
Bng. 1.2. Mt s thng s ca Pipe

V d: Vi Pipe NPS 2; SCH STD s c ng knh ngoi 2.375 inch, wall thickness
0.154 inch - See more at: http://www.engineeringvn.com/2015/12/gioi-thieu-co-ban-vehe-thong-uong-ong_3.html#sthash.Xy8M805L.dpuf