47 Nivarna Dipani ၄၇။ နိဗၺာန ဒီပနီ

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11
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f nf; t<uif;tuserf Sd csKyNf ird ;f
Muavukef\/
um; udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;yHkwnf;/
(1) aomwmywr*fodkY tqdkufwGif aemifjzpfvwHUaom
tyg,f ZmwdrsKd; t<uif;tusefrSd csKyfNidrf;av\?
umrok*wd 7-bHkrSmvnf; 7-b0rS aemifjzpfvwHU
aom umrZmwdrsK;d t<uif;tuserf Sd csKyf Nird ;f av\/
(2) ou'g*grdr*fodkY tqdkufwGif umrok*wd 7-bHkrSm
2-b0rS aemufjzpfvwUH aom umrZmwdrsK;d t<uif;
tusefrSd csKyf Nidrf;av\/
(3) tem*grdr*fodkY tqdkufwGif umrZmwd tukefcsKyf
Nidrf;av\/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
13
(4) t&[wr*fodkY tqdkufwGif ,ckb0 cEmom usefSd

av\? lyZmwd tlyZmwd tukefcsKyfNidrf;av\/
um; r*f 4-BudrftqdkufwGif udavomwdkY\ 4-Budrf 4cg csKyfNidrf;yHk ZmwdcEmwdkY\ 4-Budrf 4-cg csKyfNidrf; yHkudk jyqdkaom
tcef;wnf;/
txuf xkwfjycJhNyD;aom tjrpfemvHk;a& wpfaxmifhig;&m
wdkYudk 4-yHk 4-pkjyK 4-Budrf 4-cg temaysmufNidrf;rIESifh r*f 4Burd t
f qdu
k rf mS wpfaxmifih g;&m udavomwdu
Yk kd 4-yHk 4-pkjyK 4Budrf 4-cg udavom csKyfNidrf;yHkrsm;udk aphpHkpGm pyf[yfESD;aESm
odav/
1/ yxrtBudrfwGif udavomwdkY\ t<uif;rJh
csKyNf ird ;f rI/
2/ 'kwd,tBudrfwGif ... csKyfNidrf;rI/
3/ wwd,tBudrfwGif ... csKyfNidrf;rI/
4/ pwkwtBudrfwGif ... tcsKyfNidrf;rI/
5/ xdt
Yk wl ZmwdcEmwd\
Yk 4-Burd f 4-cg csKyNf ird ;f rI/
csKyNf ird ;f rI tvH;k pHo
k nf wpfcak om ]]tocFw r[medAm ef
Bu;D }} wpfyg;wnf;omwnf;? udavom cEmwdu
Yk m; trsm;tjym;wdYk
aywnf;? udavom cEmwdkYrSm oPmef edrdwf tNrdwf tpGef;
toD;oD;SdMuukefaom ]]edrdw}} w&m;wdkY jzpfMuukef 1-ck 2-ck
3-ck 4-ck 5-ck ponf ta&twGuf rsm;jym;Muuke\
f ? xdw
k &m;wd\
Yk
csKyfNidrf;rIrSm oPmef edrdwf tNrdwf tpGef;rSdaom ]]tedrdw}}
w&m;rsKd;jzpfay 2-ck 3-ck jym;rI rSday? xdkudavom cEmwdkYESifh
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
14
xdkudavom cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf qefYusifbufBuD; jzpf

Muonf/
rD;ESifha&onf a&maESmEdkif&mao;\? udavom cEmwdkYESifh
csKyfNidrf; rIonf a&maESmEdkifaom tcGifh rSd? udavom cEmwif;
vif;Sv
d Qif xdk udavom cEmwd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f rI rSEd ikd ?f xdu
k ad vom
cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI qdkufa&mufvQif xdkudavcEmwdkY rvmEdkifMu
ukeNf y/D
odkY temwdkYESifh temaysmufNidrf;rIuJhodkY udavom cEm
wdEYk iS hf udavom cEmcsKyNf ird ;f rIukd uGjJ ym;jcm;em;atmif MuMH uav/
terw* oHo&mESit
hf rQ xdu
k ad vom cEmwd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f rI
[k qdktyfaom cdk&m udk;&m oufom&m pcef;BuD;wpfyg;onf
{uESd\? aomwmywdr*fodkYqdkufvQif tcsKdUaomudavom
tcsKdUaomcEmwdkY \ csKyfNidrf;rIodkY {uEqdkufa&mufav\? 'd|d
0dpdudpmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI tyg,fcEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIudk {uE
&av\? wpfBurd f a&mufNy;D &Ny;D aom xk'd |d d 0dpu
d pd m wd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f rI
tyg,fZmwdw\
Ykd csKyNf ird ;f rIonf aemifwzef aoGveS af zmufjyefjcif;
rSdNyD? csKyfNidrf;NrJtwdkif; edp "k0 xm0& wnfavawmhonf?
aemufaemuf r*fwrYkd mS csKyNf ird ;f &mwdYk vnf; enf;twdik ;f odav/
udavom cEmwd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f rI [laom pum;wGif yg0ifaom
udavom cEmwdo
Yk nfum; aemifjzpfay:jcif;r&SMd u? jzpfay:vmMu
awmhrnf r[kwaf om tem*wf udavom? cEmwdaYk ywnf;? Oyg'f
ZmwdESifh ay:&SdMuvwHaom udavom cEmpk r[kwfayukef? r*f
4-Bud r f y ,f r I 4-Bud r f c sKyf r I 4-Bud r f & S d o nf tm;avsmf p G m
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
15
pum;Bu,
d mom udavom taxGaxG tvmvm cEm taxGaxG
tvmvm zefw;D ajymMu&onf? aemifrjzpfvwUH aomudavom
aemifrjzpfvwHaom cEmwdkYudk ajymqdkaom t&mjzpf oPmef
edrdwf tNrdwf tpGef;ESifhwuG {uE &SdMuaom udavom cEmpk
r[kwfMuavNyD/ /jrifEdkifcJpG/
rQaom pum;&yfwjYkd zifh r*f 4-Burd t
f qdu
k w
f iG f 4-Burd q
f u
kd f
a&muf&aom csKyfNidrf;rI[laom edAmefonf {uEtm;jzifh wpfyg;
wnf;omwnf;? y&dedAmepkwd urZkyf csKyfavNyD;aemuf qdkuf
a&mufaom edAm efEiS v
hf nf;wpfcw
k nf; wpfom;wnf; wpfyg;wnf;
omwnf;[laom teufoGm;udkxif&Smatmif jyvdk&if;wnf;/
oOyg'daoo
oo/ / odkYvQif cEy&dedAmefESifhwuG 5-axG
5-vDcGJ 5-Budrf 5-cg csKyfNidrf;rI tjym;xif&Sm;aeonfwGif a&SU
3-BudrfrSm udavom tcsdKU cEmtcsdKU t<uif;tusef&Sd\/ pwkw
tBudrfrSm udavom tusefr&Sd? ,ck ypKyefcEm tusef&Sd\?
yrtBudrfrSm ,ckypKyefcEmyif tusefr&SdNyD? a&SU 4-BudrfrSm
xdyk *k Kd v\
f oEmef0,f udavomtusef cEmtusef &Sad o;onfukd
tpGJjyK xdktcgudavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI tem*wfcEmwdkY\
csKyfNidrf;rI[k qdktyfaom tocFw r[medAmefBuD;udk ]]oOyg'd
aoo}} [k ac:qdk&avonf/
tEkyg'daoo
oo/
/ yrtBudrfrSm xdkyk*dKvf\ oEmef
tusef t<uif;r&Sdonfudk tpGJjyK xdktcg tem*wf cEmwdkY\
csKyfNidrf;rI [kqdk tyfaomxdktocFwr[medAmefBuD;udkyifvQif
]]tEkyg'daoo}} [k ac:qdk& avonf/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
16
Oyrmum;- wpfa,mufaomolonf wpfcak om 0#f0yd guf

aMumifh ajrBuD;\twGif;rSm jzpf&av\? 0#f0dyguf uRwfvGwfvdk
vwfaomf a&S;OD;pGmvnfyif;rStxuf OD;acgif;vHk;vHk; ajrwGif;rS
ay:aumif;uif tvif;rSmwnfav\? 'kwd,tMudrfrSm cg;rS
txufydkif;vHk;vHk;ay: aumif;uif tvif;rSmwnfav\?
wwd,tBudrfrSm ylqpf'l;0ef;rS txufydkif;vHk;vHk;ay: aumif;
uiftvif;rSm wnfav\? pwkwt
Burd rf mS ajccsi;f 0wfrS txuf
ydik ;f vH;k vk;H ay: aumif;uiftvif;rSm wnfav\? yrtBurd rf mS
ajcz0g;rSp vkH;vkH;uRwfvGwf ajrrsufESmjyif aumif;uif [if;
vif;rSm wnfav\/
Oyrm aumif;uiftvif;onf pum;Bwd,m 5- Budrf
5-cgyg&Sdaomfvnf; wpfckwnf;omwnf;/
twl aomwmywdr*fcP tcsdKUaom udavom
tcsdKUaom tem*wfcEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIodkY aygufa&mufrIonf
xdktcgrS pedAmefodkY a&mufrIyifwnf;? xdktcgrSp edAmefxJodkY
wpfydkif; wpfpdwf tm;jzifh0ifNyD; aygufNyD; a&mufNyD; jzpfownf;/
aomwmywrd *fcP xdyk *k Kd vo
f nfrrd o
d EmefrmS udavom
wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIudk {uE&\? {uEa&muf\?
xdkudavom xdkcEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf xdkyk*dKvf\ oEmefrSm
{uE&Sd\[k rSwftyf\/
'd|d 0dpdudpm udavom 2-ckwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;rQudk edAmef
rqdk&ao;? tyg,fZmwd\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;rQudk edAmefrqdk&ao;? 7b0rStxuf tem*wfZmwdwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;rQudk edAmef
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
17
rqdk&ao;? udavom tukef cEmtukef csKyfNidrf;rSom edAmef

qdk&onf [krSwfxifaewwfMu\? r[kwf/
xdk 2-yg;aomudavom xdt
k em*wfcEmwd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f rIonf
y&dedAmefpHonfwdkifatmif xdkyk*dKvf\ oEmefrSm 'd|day:vm
jyefonf/ 0dpu
d pd m ay:vmjyefonf? tyg,fou
Ykd srnfukd aMumuf&
jyefonf[k r&SdNyD/
aomwmyw d r *f cPrS p y,f N yD ; csKyf N id r f ; NyD ; aom
udavom cEmwdkYonf wpfzefjyefjcif; r&SdMuukefNyD? xdkcsKyfNidrf;
rIonf tNrJ edpxm0& wnfavawmhonf? aemufaemufr*fwdkY
csKyfNidrf;rI cEy&dedAmefpH&m csKyfNidrf;rIwdkYESifh wpfqufwnf;
wpfpyfwnf; wpfjyifwnf; wpfcw
k nf; omjzpfavonf? terw*
oHo&m r*f zdkvfodkYa&muf csKyfNidrf;Muukefaom udavom
cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIwdkYESifhvnf; wpfckwnf;omwnf;? toD;toD;
qdkcJhygvQif tNrdwf tpGef;udk,fpDESifhcsnf;em; jyygav/
'DyuF&m bk&m;omoem r*f zdv
k u
f &kd Muukeaf om olw\
Ykd
udavom cEmwdkY\ csKyfjidrf;rIonf csKyfNidrf;rItaetwdkif;
tpOfxm0&NrJ aeaomaMumifh aemuftNrdwf tpGef;omr&Sdyg?
a&SUtNrdwf tpGef;rSm rlum;&Sdyg\? 'DyuF&m bk&m;omoemwGif
xdu
k ad vom cEmwd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f &m umvrS tpjzpfygonfqckd t
hJ /hH
a&mufaomol &aomolw\
Ykd a&mufrI &rIrmS om tptpGe;f &So
d nf?
csKyfNidrf;jcif;[laom edAmefrSm tp tpGef; [lr&Sd/
r&SdyHkum;m;--- wpfcak omt&yf tqdyyf ifwpfrsKd ;onf &S\
d ?
wpfyifwpfyifvQif tESpw
f pf&m wpf&mom touf&n
S \
f ? wpfyif
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
18
aorS wpfyifayguf\? twdwfumv ESpfaygif;vnf; ra&

wGufEdkifNyD? tyifaorS wpfyifayguf\? twdwfumv ESpfaygif;
vnf; ra&wGufEdkifNyD? tyif tqufqufaygif;vnf; ra&wGuf
Edik Nf y?D taemuftem*wfumvvnf; ESpaf ygif; tyiftqufquf
aygif;ra&wGufEdkifatmif oGm;vwHUaomtcGifh wnfav\?
wpfOD;aom a,mufsm;onf tqdyfyif\ ab;tE&m,f udkjrif
tqdyfyifrsdK;jywfapjcif;iSg xdktcg tESpf 50-Sdaom tqdyfyifrSm
wpfckaom tqdyfpG,fudk dkufESufav\? xdkESpfjzpfvwHUaom
tyGifhtoD; wdkYonf rjzpfMuNyD? yGifhrI oD;rI csKyfNidrf;av\? tyGifh
toD; csKyNf ird ;f av\? toD;rsKd ;jywfav\? yGirhf I oD;rI rSrd
l tESpf
50-ae aoqkH;av&m xdkt&yfwGif xdktqdyfyifrsdK; jywffav\?
aemuf tqufquf ra&rwGuf Edik jf zpfvwUH aom tcGio
hf aYkd &muf
Muavukef\/
Oyrm xdkESpfwGif jzpfvwHUaom tyGifh toD;wdkY\
tjzpfNidrf;jcif; aemiftqufquf ra&wGufEdkif jzpfvwHUaom
tyifwdkY\ tjzpfNidrf;jcif; wdkYonfum; tyGifopf tyifopf
tqufqufw\
Ykd jzpfay:vmjcif; rSo
d nfukd qdo
k wnf;? jzpfay:
vmjcif;rSu
d vnf; xdt
k yGihf xdt
k oD; xdt
k yifwo
Ykd nf tu,fMdS u
aom tyGihf toD; tyifwYkd r[kwMf uukeNf y?D pum;Mu,
d m toHrQ
om ygSdMuavukefonff/
tqdypf ,
G f du
k Ef u
S af omtcg tyGihf toD;udk jzpfapEdik af om
tap; tqD cef;ajcmufukefqkH;&mwGif xdktyGifhopf toD;opf
tyifopf tqufquffwdkYvnf; wpfcsufwnf; wpfvkH;wnf;
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
19
ukeq
f ;Hk csKyNf ird ;f Muavuke\
f ? xdt
k yGihf xdt
k oD; xdt
k yif tquf
qufwdkYESifhpyfaom tyGifh toD; tyifwdkY ukefqkH; csKyf&mwGif
wpfcsufwnf; wpfvkH;wnf; uG,faysufMuavukef\? csKyfNidrf;
uG,fvGefNyD;udk tpGJjyK twdwfoHESifhom ajymqdkcGifhSd ukef\/
xdkYtwl 'DyuF&mbk&m;omoem r*f zdkvfudk r&chJvQif
aemufjzpf vwUH [kqt
kd yfaom xdu
k ad vom xdck Em tqufquf
wdkYonfvnff; r*fudk&onfESifhwpfNydKifeuf wpfcsufwnf; wpfvkH;
wnf; csKyfqkH; uG,faysmufMuavukef\? jzpfay:rINidrf;Muav
uke\
f ? xdu
k ad vom xdck Emwdu
Yk kd tpGjJ yK jzpfMuukeaf om yk*Kd vf
[laom ynwf ow0g[laom ynwf udavom[laom ynwf
cEm[laom ynwfwo
Ykd nfvnf; xdu
k ad vom xdck EmwdcYk sKyq
f ;Hk &m
wGif wpfvkH;wnf; uG,faysmufMuavukef\/
csKyfNidrf; uG,faysmufNyD;udk tpGJjyK twdwfoHESifhom ajym
qdkcGifh SdMuukef\? xdkudavom xdkcEmwdkYum; "mwfwpfrsdK;?
tjzpfNidrf; csKyfNidrf;rIum; "mwfwpfrsdK;? ylavifrI[lao0m
rD;"mwfESifh csKyfrI[laom tNidrf;"mwfonf tvGefqeffYusifbuf
jzpfMuouhJodkY udavom"mwf cEm"mwfwdkYESifh tjzpfkyfodrf;rI
[laom tNidrf;"mwfonff tvGefvQif qefYusifbufBuD; jzpfMu\?
"mwfcsi;f csi;f a&maESmr&? e,fcsi;f csi;f a&maESmr&? udavom
e,f cEme,frSm tNidrf;"mwfrSd? tNidr;"mwfe,frSm udavom
cEmrSd? udavom cEmESifhpyfaom ynwfwdkYonfvnf; tNidrf;
"mwfodkY rul;ukef/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
20
terw*oo
H &m0,f wpfqw
l pfqal om bk&m;vufxuf
24-oacsFESifh uka#ajcmufq,f Adkvfajcwpfodef;rQ tuRwf&Mu
ukef\? wpfokwfwpfokwfvQif 24-oacsFESifhuka# 60-Adkvfajc
wpfodef;rQ csKyfNidrf;Muukef\? umr ly tly [laom avmu
3-yg;rS trnfynwfESifhwuG uRwfvGwf uG,fqkH;Muavukef\?
terw*oo
H &m wpfow
k w
f pfow
k v
f Qif 24-oacsEF iS hf uka# 60Adv
k af jcwpfoed ;f rQ csKyNf ird ;f Muukeaf om tokwaf ygif; tBurd af ygif;
toacs,
F steE Sad vNy?D terw* oHo&m uRwv
f w
G Mf uol
teEwdkY\ b0ZmwdcsKyfNidrf;rI ocFw"mwf kyfodrf;rIonf wpfck
aom tocFw"re,fBuD; toD;tjcm;aom y&rwr[medAme
"mwfBuD;aywnf;/
awbkru b0cEmwdkY t0dZm arm[arSmifBuD;vS b0
&m* b0wPSm tm;BuD;pGmaom ow0gwdkYonf xdktocFw
"re,fBuD;udk Mum;em&onfSdaomf tolw&meufvSpGmaom
acsmufBu;D ustaHh om tcguho
J Ykd xdwv
f efzY ,
G Bf u;D xifwwfonf
[ka[mawmfrlaom a'oem Sdonf/
oD[kduRef;rSm rdpm'd|d ykPm;wpfa,mufonf &[ef;awmf
wpfyg; a[maeaom oknw"ra'oemudk em;axmif aeav
&m axmuf&m wnf&m rSdaom teEacsmufBuD; us oGm;
thHaomtvm; xifjrif kwfw&ufxajy;av\? rdrdtdrfwdkuf
cef;od0Yk if rsuEf mS udk vufEpS b
f ufEiS hf zk;H tky
f wkew
f ek f cdu
k cf u
kd f
aeav\? xdt
k cgom;jzpfol ykPm ;i,fu ar;jref;av&mtvk;H pku
H kd
jyefajym ighrSmajy;Edkif tEdkifvGwfonf[k qdkay\/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
21
t0dZm arm[enf;yg; oHo&ma&; tyg,fab;wdkYudk

aumif;pGm xifjrif b0&m* b0wPSm enf;yg;aomolwdkYrSm
xdktocFw"r e,fBuD;onf udk;uG,f&mpifppfjzpf\? tocFw
"r"mwfBu;D onf wpfpw
Hk pfa,mufaom yk*Kd vf ow0g cEm"rEiS hf
xdjcif; Nidjcif; pyf,Sufjcif; rSd? bk&m; yapuAk'g &[EmwdkY
cEm"rcsKypf v
J Qif xdt
k ocFw"re,fBu;D odYk qdu
k o
f nf a&mufonf
[lom qdk&onf? xdktocFw "r"mwfBuD;onf ]]tedrdw"r}}
Bu;D jzpfc
Jh b,frpS onf[k Tejf y&m Tejf y&ef bif[al om aemuf
tpGe;f vnf; rS?d t&yf 10-rsuEf mS wGif b,frmS omSo
d nf? b,frmS
rSd [keT jf y&eftNrw
d f tpGe;f vnf;rS?d terw* oHo&mumv
b,fb&k m; vufxufjzpfwpfyg; b,fb&k m;vufxufjzpf wpfyg;
[kjcm;em; ajymqdk&ef aSUtp aemuftpGef; [lrSd? terw*
oHo&mESifhtrQ wpfyg;wnf; wpfckwnf; tNrJwnfaeaom
tocFw"re,fy,fBuD;aywnf;/
'DyuF&m bk&m;omoem csKyfNidrf;Muaom edAmefESifh igwdkY
bk&m; omoem csKyNf ird ;f Muaom edAm efonf 2-axG 2-yg;tjcm;rS?d
igwdkYbk&m; omoem 24-oacsFESifh uka# 60-Adkvfajcwpfodef;
Nidrf;onfhtwGufESifh tpGef;tp wdk;yGm;jcif;rSd/
um; y&dedAmefpHMuol toD;oD;SdaeMuonfhtwGuf
edAm efvnf; toD;oD; jzpf&monf[k rSwx
f if a,mifrmS ;zG,f adS om
t&mXmejzpfchJ ,kwdtm;jzifh xifSm;atmif jyqdkvdkufaom
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
22
tcsufaywnff;/
wGifa&GUum;
oOyg'daooedAmef tEkyg'daooedAmef 2 yg;udk
xifSm;pGmjyqdkaom tcef;NyD;\/
ok n w ted r d w ty P d [ d w ed A m ef
oknwO=yvdaAm" cyfodrf;wdkYrS uif;Nidrf;qdwfNidrfaom
oknwedAmeff vnf;aumif;? tedrdwO=oPmef edrdwf t&dyf
toGif xifrIcyf;rS uif;Sif;aom tedrdwedAmefvnf;aumif;?
tyPd[dwO=awmifhwjcif; cyfodrf;rS uif;Nidrf;&mjzpfaom
tyPd[dw edAmefvnf;aumif;? wd=odkY? tmum& aba'e=
qdwfNidrfjcif; tpSdaom tjcif;t&m tjym;tm;jzifh? wd0d"H=3yg;tjym;Sdonf? a[mwd=jzpf\? [laom oN*K[fusrf; pum;ok n wed A m ef /
//Nidrfoufcsrf;omaom oEdokcudk
aESifh,Suf zsufpD;rIonf ]]yvdaAm"d}} rnf\? ocFww&m;[lorQ
onf t&[wzv
kd w
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edAme'DyeD
23
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
24
aom yvdaAm" 'kurIrsm;om wnf;/

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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
25
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
26
ewfrif; 0o0wD ewfrif; jA[mrSm yXrpsmef jA[mrif;pnf;pdrf

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edAme'DyeD
27
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
28
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
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edAme'DyeD
30
xdek Ad m efonf tb,fov

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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
31
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&m\/
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1/ y&dnmudp
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4/ opdu&PudpudpBuD; 4-yg;udk ynwfw&m;wdkY r&tyf/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
32
y&d n mud p/ / y&dnmudp qdkonfum; wpfckwpfaom

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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
33
bm0emudp/
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jzpf\/
yxru@ a0',d w ok c rsd K ;wd k Y x uf oE d o k c rsd K ;u
Bu;D us,yf kH jrifjh rwfykH tvH;k pHu
k kd orKwed Ad m ef qdck iG q
hf u
kd jf yef\?
q&mZD0u0wK 2-ckudkvnf; orKwdedAmefta&m jytyf\/
omauw olaX;uawmfrSm OD;,Of;acgif;cJem\ Nidrf;rI
[laom orKwed Ad m efwpfcu
k kd tojym 4-ode;f ay;,l&\? uka#
rsm;pGm<u,f0aom &mZN*Kd [o
f al X;rSmvnf; OD;,Of;acgif;cJemNird ;f rI
[laom orKwdedAmef wpfckudk ouf&Sd oufrJh tukefay;ygrnf
csKyq
f
kd ,l&\? xdo
k al X;onf ya'o&mZfrif; jzpfct
hJ ?hH ya'o&mZf
rif;\ pnf;pdru
f kd tukeaf y;vwUH ? {u&mZfrif; jzpfct
hJ ?hH {u&mZfrif;
pnf;pdru
f kd tukeaf y;vwUH ? 4-uRe;f vH;k udk tpd;k &aom pMumrif;Bu;D
jzpfcJhtHh? 4-uRef;pnf;pdrfudk tukefay;vwHU? OD;,Of;acgif;cJem
wpfckonf odkYpOfrQavmuf tzdk;xdkufwefav\/
rsufawmifwpfcwfrQ oufom&mr&atmif ESpf&Snfvrsm;
ESdyfpufaom temrsdK; toufcEmudk acRwwfaom temrsdK;wdkY\
Nird ;f rI A[d'j zpfaom Bu;D rm;pGmaom ab;tE&m,fw\
Ykd Nird ;f rIwYkd
vnf; xdkenf;wl tzdk;xdkufwefaMumif; tvGefjrwfaMumif;udk
odav/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
56
xif&Sm;&SdyHk/ / orKwdedAmefqdkonfum; y&rwtm;jzifh

xif&Sm;onf r[kwf? orKwd ynwfrQomjzpfcJh orKwdqdkonf
r[kw?f tpOf xm0&tm;jzifh tNy;D Nird ;f oGm;aom r[mtocFw
edAmefBuD;udk axmufpmonf&Sdaomf edAmef[l rqdkavmufygbJ
vsuf edAKw o'g 0lyoE o'gwdkYjzifhavmuD vltaygif;wdkYonf
Nidrf;rI[k orkwfac:a0:rI&SdavaomaMumifh]]orKwd edAmef}}qdkay
ownf;? xdkorKwdedAmef\ 0wKj'Aftm;jzifh &Sdonfr[kwf? Nidrf;rI
[laom oEdoabmtm;jzifhom xif&Sm;&Sdavownf;/
jidrf;rI[laom oEd tjcif;t&mtm;jzifh xifSm;Sdaom
y&rww&m; r[kwfjim;thH? xdkjidrf;rIonf rdrdudk,fwGif;rSm udk,f
awGU'd| ]]um,opd u&P}} udptaetm;jzifh {uefawGU&aom
w&m;r[kwfav&m? xdkodkY r[kwfvnf; xdkolaX;uawmfwdkYonf
xdkrQavmufaom Opmb@mwdkYudk ay; xdkjidrf;rIudk r,lav&m?
ay;yif,al omfvnf; xdjk ird ;f rIonf ynwfrQjzpfct
Jh ?Hh rdrw
d u
Ykd ,
kd rf mS
xdka&m*grS xajrmufcsrf;omrI[l udk,fawGU'd|rSdMuav&m?
rdrdwdkY\ udk,fwGif;rSm xdkacgif;cJa&m*g\ aysmufjidrf;rIonf
udk,fawGU'd| {uEjzpf\? xdkYaMumifh xdkorKwd edAmefonfvnf;
vlwo
Ykd rkwf ac:a0:Hrk Qjzpfaom ynwfoabmrsKd ; r[kw?f y&rwf
oabmrsdK;yifjzpfonf [krSwf,ltyfavownf;/
um; - orKwdedAmefwnf;/
w'*FedAmef/
/ w'*FedAmef qdkonfum; avmu
rnfaom aq;jrpfonf rnfaom temudk y,fazsmufEdkif\
[k olYaq;jrpfESifh olYtem toD;oD; SdMuouhJodkY? rnfaom
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
57
ukodkvf"ronf rnfaom tukodkvf"rudk y,fazsmufEdkif\?

[k olu
Y o
k v
kd "f rEiS hf olt
Y ukov
kd "f r toD;oD; SMd u\? xdo
k Ykd SMd u&m
olYukodkvf"r\ olYtukodkvf"rudk y,fjcif;onf]]w'*Fy[mef}}
rnf\? xdo
k yYkd ,fjcif;aMumifh xdx
k kd tukov
kd "f r\ wpfcPtm;jzifh
tjzpfjidrf;jcif;onf ]]w'*FedAmef}} rnfownf;? w'*FedAmefudk
rZrd edum,f rlvyPmooavcokwf ygVdawmfukd tpOfavQmuf
ojzihf odtyf\/
0d[ou yk&doyk*v t0d[om a[mwd
y&deAd m em,/
1/ 0d[o
u=olwpfyg;udk ud,
k jf zifv
h nf;aumif; EIwf
jzihfvnf;aumif; nif;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;tavhSdaom?
yk&doyk*=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? t0d[om=ol
wpfyg;udk udk,f EIwf 2-yg;wdkYjzifh rnOf;qJvdkaom
ukodkvfw&m;onf? y&dedAmem,=xdkyk*dKvfrSm xdk
tukov
kd f tyltavmif\ jird ;f jcif;iSm? a[mwd=jzpf\/
rdr\
d pdwo
f Emeff 0d[o
m[laom tyltavmiftukov
kd f
ESdyfpufnOf;yef;aeaom yk*dKvfonf t0d[om[laom ukodkvf
w&m;udk yGm;rsm; xdk0d[om[laom tukodkvfw&m;udk y,fSm;
onfadS omf xd0k [
d o
m[laom tyltavmif tukov
kd w
f &m;onf
t0d[o
m ukov
kd f Sad eorQumvywfv;Hk xdpk w
d f oEmef0,ftjzpf
jidrf;av\? odkY 0dp[om tukodkvf"r\ tjzpfjidrfrIonf
w'*FedAmefwpfyg; jzpf\/
aemufaemufvnf; enf;wl odav/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
58
ygPmwdygwd yk&doyk*v ygPmwdygwm

a0&rPD a[mwd y&dedAme,/
ygVdawmf
2/ pdwfoEmef0,f olYtoufudk owfjcif;tavh[laom
tyl tavmiftukodkvf"r ESdyfpufaeaom olwdkY
tm; ygPmwd yg0d&wd oDvonf xdktukodkvf tyl
avmif\ jidrf;jcif;iSg jzpf\/
3/ t'dEm 'g,d=olOY pmudk cd;k ,ljcif;tavhadS om? yk&o
d
yk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? t'dEm'gem=t'dEm
'gefrrI ?S a0&rPD=MuOfaSmifrI ukov
kd o
f nf? y&deAd m em=
xdt
k 'dEm 'gef tukov
kd \
f jird ;f jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
4/ tjA[pm&d=arxkefrI-[laom t,kwfrIudk jyKusifh
jcif; tavhSdaom? yk&doyk*v=a,musfm;yk*dKvf
tm;? tjA[p&d,m=,kwn
f ahH om tusirhf ?S a0&rPD=
MuOfaSmifrI ukov
kd o
f nf? y&deAd m e,=xdt
k jA[p&d,
tukodkvf"r\ jidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
5/ rk o m0g'd =rk o m;qd k j cif ; tavh S d a om? yk & d o
yk*v
=a,mufsm;yk*Kd vt
f m;? rkom0g'g=rkom; qdjk cif;
trIrS? a0&rPD=MuOfaSmifrIukodkvfonf? y&dedAmem,=rkom;[laom tukodkvf"r\ jidrf;jcif;iSg?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
6/ ydokP0gpm=acsmypfukef;wdkufaom pum;udk qdkavh
Sdaom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? ydok-
tpodYk
7/
8/
9/
10/
edAme'DyeD
59
Pm,0gpm,=acsmypfukef;wdkufaom pum;rS? a0&rPD=MuOfaSmifrI ukodkvfonf? y&dedAmem,=ydokP

0gpm[laom tukodkvf "r\ jidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=
jzpf\/
zko0gp=tMurf;twrf; qJa&;aom pum;rsdK;udk
qdkavhxGufavhSdaom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm;
yk*dKvftm;? zkom,=Murf;wrf;aom? 0gp,=pum;
rsdK;rS? a0&rPD=MuOfaSmifrI ukodkvfonf? y&dedAmem,=zko0gpm[laom xdktjA[p&d, tukodkvf
"r\ jidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
oryvmy=tusdK;rSdaom tNydeftzsif; pum;udk
ajymqdkavhSdaom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm; yk*dKvf
tm;? orrvmyg=tNydeftzsif; ajymqdkjcif;rS? a0&
rPD = MuOf a S m if r I u k o d k v f o nf ? y&d e d A m em,=
or y v my[l a om tuk o d k v f " r \ Nid r f ; jcif ; iS g ?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
tbdZmvk=tbdZm tm;Bu;D aom? yk&o
d yk*v
=
a,mufsm; yk*dKvftm;? tebdZmvkwm=tbdZm
rsm;jcif;rS uif;vGwfaom tjzpfonf? y&dedAmem,=
tbdZm[laom tukov
kd "f r\ Nird ;f jcif;iSg? a[mwd=
jzpf\/
AsmyEpdw=Asmyg'rsm;aom pdwfSdaom? yk&do
yk*v= a,mufsm; yk*dKvftm;? tAsmyga'g=Asmyg'
tpodYk
11/
12/
13/
14/
15/
edAme'DyeD
60
uif;Si;f rIonf? y&deAd m em,=Asmyg'[laom tukov

kd f
"r\ Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
rdpm 'd|=d rdpm 'd|t
d ,ladS om? yk&o
d yk*v
=a,musmf ;
yk*dKvftm;? orm'd|d=t[kwftrSef tjrifoefaom
Pfonf? y&dedAmem,=rdpm'd|d[laom tukodkvf
rdpmouFy=raumif;aom tBuHudk BuHzefjcif;
Sdaom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? orm
ouFayg=aumif;jrwfaom tBuHonf? y&dedAmem,=
rd p m ouF y [ l a om tuk o d k v f " r \ Nid r f ; jcif ; iS g ?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
rdpm 0gp=raumif;aompum;udk ajymqdak vhadS om?
yk&do yk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? orm0gpm=
aumif;aom pum;udk ajymqdkaMumif;jzpfaom orm
0gpmukodkvfonf? y&dedAmem,=rdpm0gpm[laom
tukodkvf"r\ Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
rdpmurE=raumif;aom trIudk jyKavhSdaom?
yk&do yk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? ormuraEm=
aumif;aom trIudk jyKaMumif;jzpfaom orurE
uk o d k v f o nf ? y&d e d A m em,=rd p m ur E [ l a om
tukodkvf"r\Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
rdpm tmZD0=raumif;aom toufarG;jcif;Sad om?
yk&o
d yk*v
=a,mufsm; yk*Kd vt
f m;? ormtmZDa0g=
tpodYk
16/
17/
18/
19/
edAme'DyeD
61
aumif;aom toufarG;aMumif;jzpfaom ormtmZD0

uk o d k v f o nf ? y&d e d A m em,=rd p m tmZD 0 [l a om
rdpm0g,mr=raumif;aom vkHYvrISdaom? yk&do
yk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? orm0g,marm=
aumif;pGmtm;xkwrf I onf? y&deAd m em,=rdpm 0g,mr
[laom tukodkvf"r\ Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
rdpm owd=raumif;onfut
kd zefzef trSwpf aJG om?
yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm; yk*dKvftm;? ormowd=
aumif;pGm tm;xkwfrIonf? y&dedAmem,=rdpmowd
rdpmorm"d=arSmufrSm;aomtmkH wnfwHhcdkifNrJ
aom pdwf adS om? yk&o
d yk*v
=a,mufsm;yk*Kd vt
f m;?
ormorm"d=trSeftmkH wnfwHhcdkifNrJaom orm"d
onf? y&dedAmem,=rdpmorm"d[laom tukodkvf
rdpmPd=raumif;aom trI tqef;wMu,f
BuHzefwwfaom rdpmPfSdaom? yk&doyk*v=
a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? ormPH=aumif;aomtrI
tqef;wMu,f BuHzefwwfaom ormPfonf?
y&d e d A m em,=rd p m Pf [ l a om tuk o d k v f " r \
Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
tpodYk
20/
21/
22/
23/
24/
edAme'DyeD
62
rd p m 0d r k w d =arS m uf r S m ;aomt,l uRwf u Rwf

vG w f v G w f ouf 0 if j cif ; S d a om? yk & d o yk * v =
a,mufsm; yk*dKvftm;? orm0drkwd=rSefaomt,l
ouf0if,MHk unfjcif;Sad om orm0drw
k o
d nf? y&deAd m em,=rdpm 0drw
k d [laom tukov
kd f "r\ Nird ;f jcif;iSg?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
xderd'y&d,k|dw=xde rd' x<uaomif;usef;
aeaom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? 0d*w
xderd'w
m=xde rd'u
if;Si;f rIonf? y&deAd m em,=xde
rd'[
al om tukov
kd "f r\ Nird ;f jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
O'#=ysHUvGifhaompdwfSdaom? yk&doyk*v=
a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? tEk'pH=O'p uif;Sif;rIonf?
y&deAd m em,=O'p[
al om tukov
kd "f r\ Nird ;f jcif;iSm?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
0dpdudpd=,kHrSm;jcif;&dSaeaom? yk&doyk*v=
a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? wdP0dpdudpwm=0dpdudpmudk
vGefajrmufrIonf? y&dedAmem,=0dpdudpm[laom
aum"e=trsufxGufjcif; tavh&dSaom? yk&do
yk*v=a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? tauma"m=trsuf
a'go uif;&Sif;rIonf? y&dedAmem,=aum"[laom
tpodYk
25/
26/
27/
28/
29/
edAme'DyeD
63
Oyem[d =&ef N id K ;zJ G U jcif ; tavh & d S a om? yk & o

yk * v =a,muf s m;yk * d K vf t m;? tEk y ema[m=
&efNidK;zGJUjcif; tavhuif;&Sif;rIonf? y&dedAmem,=
Oyem[[laom tukov
kd f "r\ Nird ;f rIjcif;iSg? a[mwd=
jzpf\/
rud=aus;Zl;udk ajczsufjcif;tavh&dSaom? yk&do
yk*v=a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? traum=aus;Zl;
acszsujf cif; tavh uif;&Si;f rIonf? y&deAd m em,=ru
tVmod=olwpfyg;\ aumif;aom*kPu
f kd raumif;
jzpfavatmif tzsif;rljcif; tavh&dSaom? yk&do
yk*v=a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? tyVmaom=tzsif;
rljcif; tavhuif;&Sif;rIonf? y&dedAmem,=yVmo
kud=olwpfyg;\ *kPfusufoa&udkjiLpljcif;
tavh &dSaom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm; yk*dKvftm;?
tedu
k w
d m=jiLpljcif;tavhuif;&Si;f rIonf? y&deAd m em,=Kku [laom tukodkvf"r\ Nidrf;jcif;iSg?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
rp&d=0efwdkjcif; tavh&dSaom? yk&doyk*v=
a,mufsm; yk*dKvftm;? trp&d,H=0efwdkjcif;tavh&dS
uif;&Si;f rIonf? y&deAd m em,=rp&,
d [laom tukov
kd f
tpodYk
30/
31/
32/
33/
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edAme'DyeD
64
o|=pOf ; vJ a om? yk & d o yk * v =a,muf s m;

yk*dKvftm;? toma|,sH=pOf;vJjcif;uif;&Sif; rIonf?
y&d e d A m em,=omaX,s[l a om tuk o d k v f " r \
Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd= jzpf\/
rm,m0d =vS n f h y wf j cif ; tavh & d S a om? yk & d o
yk * v =a,muf s m;yk * d K vf t m;? trm,m0d w m=
vSnfhywfjcif;rSuif; &Sif;rIonf? y&dedAmem,=rm,m
[laom tukodkvf"r\ Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd= jzpf\/
x' =trsuf a pmif ; rmef cuf x ef a om? yk & d o
yk*v=a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? tw'd,H=trsuf
apmif;rmef cufxefjcif;rS uif;&Sif;rIonf? y&dedAmem,=x'[al om tukov
kd "f r\ Nird ;f jcif;iSg? a[mwd=
jzpf\/
twd r med =tvG e f a om rmeBuD ; aom? yk & d o
yk*v=a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? tewdrmaem=tvGef
aom rmerS uif;&Sif;rIonf? y&dedAmem,=twdrme
'kAp=ajymqdkqkH;rjcif;iSm raumif;aom pum;
&dSaom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? aom
0pwm=ajymqdk qkH;rvG,faom pum;&dSonf\
tjzpfonf? y&dedAmem,=a'0gpwm [laom
tpodYk
35/
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edAme'DyeD
65
ygyrdw
=raumif;aom taqGcifyeG ;f &daS om? yk&o
d
yk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? uvsmPrdwwm=
taqG cifyGef;aumif;&dSonf\ tjzpfonf? y&dedAmem,=ygyrdww
m[laom tuk odv
k "f r\ Nird ;f jcif;iSg?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
yrw=ukov
kd af umif;rI arhavsmw
h wfaom? yk&o
d
yk*v=a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? ty rma'g= ukodkvf
aumif;rI rarhravsmjh cif;onf? y&deAd m em,=yrm'[l
aom tukodkvf"r\ Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
to' =o' g w&m;r&d S a om? yk & d o yk * v =
a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? o'g=o'gw&m;onf? y&dedAmem,=to'd, [laom tukodkvf"r\ Nidrf;jciff;iSg?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
t[d & d u = t&S u f r &d S a om? yk & d o yk * v =
a,mufsm;yk*dKvftm;? [d&D=tukodkvfrS &Sufjcif;onf?
y&d e d A m em,=t[d & d u [l a om tuk o d k v f " r \
taemwmyd=tyg,fab; oHo&mab;wdYk taMumuf
tvefY r&daS om? yk&o
d yk*v
= a,mufsm; yk*Kd vt
f m;?
MowyH=tyg,fab; oHo&mab;wdkY aMumufvefY
wwfaom Mowyonf? y&dedAmem,=taemwy
tpodYk
40/
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42/
43/
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edAme'DyeD
66
tykwo=w&m;usrf;*eftMum;tjrif enf;yg;
vS a om? yk & d o yk * v =a,muf s m;yk * d K vf t m;?
Am[kpH=w&m; usrf;*ef tMum;tjrif rsm;onf\
tjzpfonf? y&deAd m em,=tyw
k [laom tukov
kd f
ukodw=ysif;&daom? yk&doyk*v=a,mufsm;
yk*dKvftm;? 0D&d,m&arm=0d&D,udktm;xkwfrIonf?
y&d e d A m em,=aumoZ [ l a om tuk o d k v f " r \
rk|owd=owdvGwfuif;aom? yk&doyk*v=
a,musfm; yk*dKvftm;? Oy|dwwdwm=xifaom
owd & d S o nf \ tjzpf o nf ? y&d e d A m em,=rk | owd
'kyn=ynmr&dSaom? yk&doyk*v=a,musfm;
yk*dKvftm;? ynmor'g=ynm\ jynfhpkHjcif;onf?
y&deAd m em,='kyn
[laom tukov
kd "f r\ Nird ;f jcif;iSg?
a[mwd=jzpf\/
oEd|dy&mrmoD tm'ge*g[D 'ky#ded*d= rdrd
jrifrdjrif&m rdpmt,ludkom rSm;aomtm;jzifh okH;oyf
avh&dSaom rdrdjrif rdjrif&m rdpmt,ludkom NrJNrHpGm
,lavh&dSaom rdrd jrifrdjrif&m rdpmt,ludk pGefYvTwf
jcif;iSm tvGefcJ,Of;aom tavh&dSaom? yk&do
yk*v=a,musfm;yk*dKvftm;? toEd|d y&mrmoD
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
67
tem'ge*g[D oky#ded*dwm=rdrdjrifrdjrif&m rdpm

t,ludk rSm;aomtm;jzifh okH;oyfjcif;r&dSrl rdrdjrifrd
jrif&m rdpm t,lukd pGev
Yf w
T v
f ,
G rf o
I nf? y&deAd m em,=
xdkxdktukodkvf"r\ Nidrf;jcif;iSg? a[mwd=jzpf\/
um;-oavcokwf ygVdawmfrSmvmaom w'*Fy&dedAmef
44-wnf;? 44-onfvnf; OyvuPrQomwnf;/
avmu tukodkvf "rwdkY\ jzpfyGm;rIwdkYrnfonf
toacFs toacFs ra&rwGufEkdif rsm;jym;ukef\? xkdtukodkvf"r
wdu
Yk kd toD;oD;y,f &Sm;&ef ukov
kd "f rw\
Ykd jzpfymG ;rIwUdk onfvnf;
toacFs toacFs ra& wGufEkdif rsm;jym;ukef\/
y,f&Sm;Ekdifojzifh xktukodkvf"rwdkY\ jzpfyGm;rI\ w'*F
tm;jzifh tjzpfNidrf;rI[laom w'*Fy&dedAmeffonfvnf; toacFsU
toacFs ra& rwGufEkdif rsm;jym;\/
wpfcw
k pfcak om ukov
kd "f r aqmufwnfojzifh wpfck wpfck
aom tukov
kd "f r\ Nird ;f rI[al om w'*FeAd m efonf toacFs,s
tyar,s tzdk;xdkufwef\/
xdkw'*FedAmefonfvnf; b,fukokdvfw&m;udk aqmuf
wnf ig\pdwfoEmef0,f b,ftukodkvf tylavmifw&m;Nidrf;
ayonf[k udk,fawGU'd|awGUMuKH&aom y&rw wpfrsKd;yifwnf;/
jyqdkcJhNyD;aom orKwdedAmefxuf w'*FedAmefonf tq
uk a #ru omvG e f jrif j rwf \ ? bk & m;tp&d S a om avmuD
avmukw&m ynm&dStaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkYonf tvGef
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
68
csD;rGrf;tyf\? w'*FedAmefonf r[medAmefBuD;\ tyif;

toif;uJhodkY jzpf\/
um;-w'*FedAmefwnf;/
0dureedAmef qdkonfum; r[*Kwfpsmef w&m;wdkYonf
tMuifw&m;wkdYudk a0;pGm uGmonfudkjyK y,f&Sm;tyfukef\?
xdkw&m;wdkY\ t&SnftMumtm;jzifh tjzpfNidrf;rIudk ]]0dure
edAm ef}}qdo
k wnf;? 0dur e edAm ef\ tjym;udk e0edygwf t*kw
F Kd &f
ygVdawmfudk tpOfavsmufywfojzifh odtyf\/
oEd|duH edAmeH oEd|duH edAmeEd tm0kaom 0kpwd?
udwm0wm Ekacg tm0kaom oEd|duH edAmeH 0kwH
b*0wm wd/
"m0k a om bd u K 0d 0 d a p 0 umar[d 0d 0 d p
tukoav[d "ar[d o0douH o0dpm&H 0da0uZH
yDwd okcH psmeH OyorZ0d[&dwd? {wm0wm yd acg
tm0k a om oE d | d u H ed A m eH 0k w H b*0wm
y&d,ma,emwd/
tm0kaom=ight&Si?f oE|d u
d H edAm eH oE|d u
d H edAm eE=d oE|d u
d
edAmef oEd|duedAmef[l? y@daw[d=ynm&dSwdkYonf? 0kpwd=
trsm;ajymqdktyf\? tm0aom=igh&Sif? udwm0wm=tb,frQ
avmufaom Nidrf;jcif;jzifh? b*0wm=jrwfpGmbk&m;onf? oEd|duH
edAmeH=oEd|du edAmefudk? 0kwH Ekacg=a[mawmfrltyfoenf;?
wd=odkY? ykpd=t&SiftmeEm rax&ftm; t&SifumVK'g,D
rax&fu ar;av\/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
69
tm0kaom=igh&iS ?f "=omoemawmf? bduK =&[ef;onf?

umar[d=0wKumr udavom umrwdkYrS? 0d0dap0=qdwfuif;
omvQif? tukoav[d "ar[d=tukodkvf"rwdkYrS? 0d0dp{0=
qdwfuif;omvQif? o0dwuH=0dwufESifhwuGaom? o0dpm&H=
0dpm&ESiw
hf uGaom? 0da0uZH yDwo
d ck =H 0da0uaMumifh jzpfaom yDwd
ok c &d S a om? yXrH p smeH = yxrpsmef u d k ? Oyor Z = jynh f p k H a p?
0d[a&wd=aeay\? tm0kaom=igh&Sif? acg=pifppf? {wm0wmyd=
rQavmufaom 0wKumr udavomumr tukodkvf"rwdkY\
csKyfNidrf;jcif;jzifhvnf;? b*0wm=jrwfpGmbk&m;onf? y&d,ma,e=
y&d,m,ftm;jzifh? oEd|duH edAmeH=oEd|du edAmefudk? 0kwH=a[m
awmfrlay\? wd=odkY ajzav\/
1/ y&deAd m efrpHrD rdru
d ,
kd cf EmwGif ud,
k af wGU'd| awGUMuKH
&aom edAmefudk ]]oEd|duedAmef}} qdkoonf/
aemufaemuf psmefw
f Ykd t"dyg ,f rQuo
kd m xkwjf yth/H
2/ 'kwd,psmefudk 0ifpm;aom yk*dKvftm; 0dwuf 0dpm&
wkdY\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf ]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/
3/ wwd,psmefukd 0ifpm;aom yk*Kd vt
f m; yDw\
d csKyNf ird ;f
rIonf]]oEd|duedAmeff}} rnf\/
4/ pwkwpsmefudk 0ifpm;aom yk*dKvftm; okca0'em\
csKyfNidrf;rIonf ]]oEd|duedAmef}] rnf\/
5/ tmumomeOm,wepsmefukd 0ifpm;aom yk*Kd vt
f m;
y#dConmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI emewonmwdkY\
uif;uGmrIonf ]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/
tpodYk
6/
edAme'DyeD
70
0dnmPOm,wepsmefudk 0ifpm;aom yk*dKvftm;

tmumomeO , weonm\ csKyf N id r f ; rI o nf
]]oE|d u
d edAm ef}}rnf\/
7/ tmudOnm,wepsmefudk 0ifpm;aom yk*dKvftm;
0dnmeOm,weonm\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf ]]oEd|du
edAmef}} rnf\/
8/ ae0onmemonm,wepsmefukd 0ifpm;aom yk*Kd vf
tm; tmudOnm,weonm\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf
]]oEd|duedAmef}} rnf\/
r[*Kwformywf 8-yg;jzifh NyD;aom edAmef 8-yg;rSm
tNyD;csKyfNidrf;aom r[medAmefBuD;r[kwf? umv&SnfMum uif;uGm
kHrQom csKyfNidrf;rIjzpfay y&d,m,f edAmefqdkownf;/
yke p y&H tm0kaom bduK ae0onmemonm,weH
orwdur onma0',dw eda&m"H OyorZ 0d[&wd?
ynm,'domG tmo0g y&duP
D m a[mE?d {wm0wm
acg tm0kaom oEd|duH edAmeH 0kwH b*0wm
edy&d,ma,emwd/ /
tqH;k 0gus
tm0kaom=igh&Sif? ykep&H=xdkrSwpfyg;wHk? bduK=&[ef;onf?
ae0onmemonm,weH=ae0onmemonm,wepsmefudk?
orwdur=aumif;pGmvGef? onma0',dweda&m"H=onm
a0'emwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk? OyorZ=jynfhpHkap? 0d[&wd=
aeay\? t=xd k y k * d K vf t m;? ynm,p=ynmjzif h v nf ; ?
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
71
'd o G m =tvif ; ud k o d j rif ? tmo0g=tmoa0gw&m;wd k Y o nf ?

y&duDPm=t<uif;tusefr&Sd ukefcef; csKyfNidrf;ukefonf? a[mEd=
jzpfuek \
f ? tm0kaom=igh&iS ?f acg=pifppf? {wm0wm=rQ avmuf
aom csKyf N id r f ; jcif ; tm;jzif h ? b*0wm=jrwf p G m bk & m;onf ?
edz&d,ma,El=pifppfrkcs{uEdtm;jzifh? oEd|duHedAmeH=oEd|du
edAmefudk? 0kwH=a[mawmfrltyfay\? wd=odkYajzay\/
teuf/
tqHk;0gus eda&m"ormywfonfvnf; rkcsoEd|du
ed A m ef w pf y g;? t&[w r *f o d k Y a&muf a omtcg ud a vom
tmoa0gwdkY\ t<uif;tusefrSd ukefcef;csKyfjidrf;jcif;onfvnf;
rkcs oEd|du edAmefwpfyg;? odkY edAmef2-yg; jzpfygjim;aomfvnf;
oOyg'daoo rkcsedAmeftaetm;jzifh wpfckwnf;jzpfonfESifh
oEd|duedAmefwpfyg;xm; edAmeftjym; 9-yg;vmayonf/
'kwd,okwf/
/ 'kwd,okwf oEd|duo'grygbJ]]edAmeH edAmeEd tm0kaom 0kpwd? udwm0wm Ek acg
tm0kaom edAmeH 0kwH b*0wm wd? "m0kaom bduK
0d0dap0 umar[d 0d0dptukoav[d "ar[d}}
tpSdonfjzifh yxrokwftwdkif; edAmef 9-yg;vm\/
wwd,okwf/
/ xdkYtwl wwd,okwfvnf;]]w'*FedAmeH w'*FedAeEd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSdonfjzifh w'*FedAmef[laom trnfESifh edAmef 9-yg;
vm\/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
72
pwkwokwf/
/ pwkwokwf ]]'d|d"redAmeH 'd|d"redAeEd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSdonfjzifh 'd|d"redAmef [laomtrnfESifh edAmef 9-yg;
vm\/
yOrokwf/
/ yOrokwf ]]acryawm acryawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSdonfjzifh acr [laom trnfESifh edAmef 9-yg; vm\/
q|ok w f/
/ q|okwf]]acryawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSo
d nfjzifh edAm efoaYkd &mufaom yk*Kd vu
f kd y"mejyK edAm ef
9-yg; vm\/
owrokwf/
/ owrokwf]]trwEd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSo
d nfjzifh trw [laom trnfEiS hf edAm ef 9-yg; vm\/
t|rok w f/
/ t|rokwf]]tr[H yawm tr[H yawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSdonfjzifh edAmefodkY a&mufaom yk*dKvfudk y"me jyK
edAmef 9-yg; vm\/
e0rok w f/
/ e0rokwf]]tr[H yawm tr[H yawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSo
d nfjzifh tb, [laomtrnfEiS hf edAm ef 9-yg; vm\/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
73
'orok w f/ / 'orokwf]]tr[H yawm tr[H yawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}

tpSo
d nfjzifh edAm efoaYdk &mufuek af om yk*Kd vu
f kd y"mejyK
edAmef 9-yg; vm\/
{um'orokwf/
/ {um'orokwf]]y'dwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSo
d nfjzifh y'd [laomtrnfjzifh edAm ef 9-yg; vm\/
'Gg'orokwf/
/ 'Gg'orokwf]]eda&ma"m eda&ma"mwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSo
d nfjzifh eda&m" [laomtrnfjzifh edAm ef 9-yg; vm\/
aw&orokwf/
/ aw&orokwf]]tEkykAeda&ma"m tEkykAeda&ma"mwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSdonfjzifh tEkykAeda&m" [laom trnfjzifh edAmef 9yg; vm\/
okwaf ygif; 13? edAm efaygif; 117? xdk 117-yg;aom edAm efwYkd
0dureedAmef 104? orkap' edAmef 13/ 0dure edAmef 104-onf
jA[mhjynfrSm xm0&Sd\? vlYjynf ewfjynfrSm psmebmbD yk*dKvf
wdYk omS\
d /
um; 0dureedAmefwnf;/
orkap'edAmef/
/ orkap'edAmefonf vltem*grf
&[Em? ewftem*grf &[EmwdYk om S\
d / orkap'edAm ef qdo
k nf
vnf; oOyg'daoo edAmefukd qdkownf;/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
74
r*fjzifh udavomwdu
Yk kd t<uif;rJh y,fjzwfjcif;onf orkap'
udp rnf\? y,fjzwfjy;D aom udavomwd\
Yk wpfzef tjzpfjird ;f jcif;
onf orkap'edAmef rnf\/
ygVdawmf 0dure udpt&mXme jzpfygvsuf]]w'*FedfAmeH w'*FedAmeEd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
tpSdonfjzifh w'*FedAmef[l vmonfrSm yxrpsmef
ukov
kd jf zifh ed0&P tukov
kd pf u
k kd y,fonf? 'kw,
d psmef ukov
dk jf zifh
0dwuf 0dpm&wdu
Yk kd y,fonf? odYk ponfjzifh y,fwwf y,ftyf
toD;oD; jzpfMuonfudk tpGJjyK 0dureudpudkvnf; w'*F qdk
oifjh yef\? 0dur ed edAm efonf aS; jyqdck jhJ y;D aom w'*FeAd m efrsK;d
wdkYxuf tquka#ru omvGefjrifhjrwf\/
y#dord' gr*f ygVdawmfvmaom 18-&yfaom r[m0dyem
Pf wdkYjzifhjyD;aom ]0dyemod'} w'*F edAmefaygif; 18-yg;
wdx
Yk ufru
l m; omvGejf rifjh rwfonf [l rqdo
k may? orkap'edAm ef
onfomvQif xd0k yd emod' w'*FeAd e x
f uf omvGejf rifjh rwfaf v
onf/
if;tjym; 7-yg;/ / orkap'edAm efqo
kd nfum; oj*K [u
f sr;f
rSmvmaom oOyg'daooedAmefudk qdkownf;? udavoedAmef
[lvnf; qd\
k / xdo
k rkap'edAm ef\tjym;udk oweyd gwf t*kw
F Kd &f
ygVdawmfrSm t&Sifarm*vmefar; wdjA[m\tajz jrwfpGm
bk&m;\ tajzwdu
Yk kd tpOfavQmuf odtyf\/ / vd&k if;t"dyg ,f
udkom xkwfjyaytHh/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
75
oOyg'daoo - [laomyk'f Oyg'daoo w&m;onf1/ udavokyg'daoo 1-yg;

2/ cEKyg'daoo 1-yg;
[l 2-yg; tjym;Sd\? xdk 2-yg;wdkYwGifudavom t<uif;tusefSdao;aom aouyk*dKvfpkonf
udavok yg'daoo\tpGrf;jzifh ]]oOyg'daooyk*dKvf}} rnf\?
xdyk *k Kd vq
f u
kd f a&mufaom edAm efonfvnf; ]]oOyg'daooedAm ef}}
rnf\/
ud a vom t<uif ; tusef r S d a om &[E m yk * d K vf o nf
]]tEkyg'daooyk*Kd v}f } rnf\? xdyk *k v
d o
f nf t&[wzv
kd u
f kd &onf
ESiw
hf pfNyKd ief uf qdu
k af &mufaom edAm efonfvnf; ]]tEkyg'daoo
edAm ef}}rnf\/
t&d,myk*dKvf tjzpfokdYa&mufNyD;onfhaemuf cEy&dedAmef
rpHrDtwGif; cEm 5-yg; t<uif;tusefSdao;aom t&d,myk*dKvf
8-a,mufonf cEKyg'daoo\tpGrf;jzifh ]]oOyg'daooyk*dKvf}}
rnf\? xdt
k &d,m 8-a,mufwYkd qdu
k af &mufaom edAm efonf ]]o
Oyg'daooedAmef}}rnf\/
cEy&dedAmef pHNyD; xdkyk*dKvfrSdNyD;aemuf uG,fvGefavNyD;
aom xdkyk*dKvfonf ]]tEkyg'daooyk*dKvf}} rnf\? xdkyk*dKvf
a&mufaom edAmefonf ]]tEkyg'daooedAmef}}rnf\/
okdYvQif oOyg'daooyk*dKvf tEkyg'daooyk*dKvf[l
yk*Kd vf 2-rsKd ;? oOyg'daooedAm ef tEkyg'daooedAm ef [l edAm ef
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
76
2-rsKd ;ukd udavokyg'daooESihf cJjG crf;enf; wpfrsKd ;? cEKyg'daooESihf

cJGjcrf;enf; wpfrsdK;[l t|uxm 2-rsdK;vm\/
Obawm bm* 0drkw&[Emyk*dKvf\ edAmef ynm0drkw&
[Emyk*Kd v\
f edAm efonf cEKyg'daoo\tpGr;f jzifh oOyg'daoo
edAmef tEkyg'daooedAmef [l 2-yg;tjym;Sd\/
u,ouaD ouy*k Kd v\
f edAm ef 'd|yd w
a ouy*k Kd v\
f edAm ef
o'g0drw
k a ouy*k Kd v\
f edAm ef o'gEkom&Daouy*k Kd v\
f edAm ef
"rmEkom&Daouyk*dKvf\ edAmefpkonf udavokyg'daoo\
tpGrf;jzifh oOyg'daooedAmef tEkyg'daooedAmef [l 2-yg;pD
tjym;S\
d /
&[EmtjzpfokdY ra&mufrD oOyg'daooedAmef? &[Em
tjzpfokdY a&mufaomtcg tEkyg'daooedAmef [kcJGav/
okv
Yd Qif wdjA[m\ tajz yk*Kd vf 6-yg;? oOyg'daoo
edAmef 6-yg;? tEkyg'daooedAmef 6-yg; &\? r*f zdkvfukd ,ckb0
&vwHUaom 0dyem a,m*Dyk*dKvf\ edAmefonfvnf; &[Em
tjzpfokdY ra&mufrD oOyg'daooyk*dKvf oOyg'daoo edAmef
rnf\? &[EmtjzpfoYdk a&mufaomcg tEkyg'daooyk*Kd vf tEkyg'd
aooedAmefrnf\/
okdYvQif jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tajz yk*dKvf 2-yg;? edAmef 2yg;jzpf\? oOyg'daoo edAm efqo
kd nfum; 18-&yfaom r[m
0dyemPf\ tpGrf;jzifhNyD;aom w'*FedAmef 18-yg;,lav?
w'*FedAmefyif jzpfaomfvnf; txufjzpfaom orkp'edAmefESifh
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
77
{uef qufrdvwHUaom edAmefjzpfay oOyg'daoo edAmefqdk&

ownf;/
okv
Yd Qif ygVdawmf oOygodaooedAm ef 7-yg;? tEkyg'd
aooedAmef 7-yg;tm;jzifh 14-yg;aom edAmefwdkYonf vmukef\?
xkd 14-yg; wGif oOyg'daooedAmef 7-yg;rnf\/
um; orkap'edAmef tjym;wnf;/
y#dy'de Ad m ef/ / y#d'de Ad m ef qdo
k nfum; t&[wzv
kd f
udk qdkownf;? xdkt&[wzdkvf [kqdktyfaom y#dy'dedAmefudk
]]oOyg'd aoomedAme"mwk0Zm}} [laom aewdygVdawmf? ]]edAme
opdud&d,m p}} [laomr*FvokwfygVdawmfwdkY odtyf\/
um; y#dy'dedAmefwnf;/
ed&PedAmef/ / ed&PedAmef qdkonfum; oOyg'd
aoo trnf tEkyg'daootrnf2-yg; &aom y&rwtocFw
r[medAmefBuD;udk qdkownf;/
xkded&PedAmeffudkum;a'G r m bd u a 0 ed A m e"mwk a ,m? uwrma'G ?
oOyg'daoomp edAm e"mwk? tEkyg'daoom p edAm e"mwk/
[laom wd0kwfygVdawmf tpSdonfwdkY odtyf\/
wd0kwfygVdawmf{um [d "mwk " 'd|"rdum? oOyg'daoom
b0aewdocF,m? tEkyg'daoom or&m,dum? ,rSd
edkZEdb0ged oAaom/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
78
[k oOyg'daooedAmefudk 'd|d"rduedAmef [l vmjyef\/

tEkyg'daooededAmefudk or&m,duedAmef [lvmjyef\/
t|uxmvnf;'d|d"rdumwd ro twbma0 b0g 0wrme/
or&m,dumwd? or&m, cEb'awm y&bma*b0g
0wrmem-[kziG \
hf /
'd|d"rdumwd='d|d"rdu [lonfum;/ ro twbma0=
ypKyef twabm/ b0g=jzpfonfwnf;? 0wrmem= jzpfonf
wnf;/
or&m,dumwd=or&m,du [lonfum;/ or&ma,
cEab'awm y&bma*=ypKye cf Em ysuq
f ;kH onfrmS aemuftzdYk ?
b0g=jzpfonfwnf;/ 0wrmem=jzpfonfwnf;/
b0g 2-yk'f? 0wrmem 2-yk'f/
/ b0g blo'gonf
owm? teufudka[m\? owm teufqdkonfum; ]]oE
bma0g owm}} [laom 0pewEiS t
hf nD ocFwy&rwfw&m;wdrYk mS
ocFwy&rwf taetm;jzifh Sdjcif;? tocFw y&rwfrSmvnf;
tocFw y&rwftaetm;jzifh Sjd cif;? ynwfw&m;wdrYk mS vnf; ynwf
taetm;jzifh jdS cif;trIukd ]]owm}} qdo
k nf/ topfjzpfay:onfukd
qdo
k nfr[kw/f
a[mwd? jzpf\/ b0wd? jzpf\/
/jzpf 2-vHk;um;
jyqdck jhJ y;D aom Sjd cif; 3-rsK;d udq
k akd om jzpf2-vH;k wnf;/ Oyg'f ZmwdEiS hf
jzpfay:onfudk qdkaom jzpfvHk; r[kwf/
0ww=d jzpf\/ y0ww=d jzpf\/ 0wrmeH=jzpfonf/ y0wrmeH=
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
79
jzpfonf/ jzpfv;kH pkum; tpOftm;jzifh wnfru

I kd qdak om jzpfv;kH
pkwnf;/ Oy'f ZmwdESifh jzpfay:onfudkqdkaom jzpfvHk;pk r[kwf/
OyZwd=jzpf\/ edAwwd=jzpf\/ Zm,wd=jzpf\? OyaEm=
jzpfonf? edAa wm=jzpfonf/ Zmawm=jzpfonf/ / jzpfv;kH pkum;
Oyg'f ZmwdESifh topfjzpfay:rIudk qdkaom jzpfvHk;pkaywnf;/
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
80
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\/
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aoo edAmefqdkonf? y&dedAmefpH pkwdurZkyf csKyfjyD;aemuf
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kd yfaom
edAmefrnf/
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
81
3/ Cme pGJvrf;aom wPSm\ CmecsKyfjcif; edAmef 1yg;/

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5/ um, pGJvrf;aom wPSm\ um,csKyfjcif; edAmef
1-yg;/
6/ raem pGJvrf;aom wPSm\ raemcsKyfjcif; edAmef
1-yg;/
odkYvQif tZwdum,we 6-yg; edAef 6-yg; &\/
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puK0dnmOf paom 0dnOf 6-yg; edAmef 6-yg;/
puKor paom z 6-yg; edAmef 6-yg;/
puKorZma0'em paom a0'em 6-yg; edAmef 6-yg;/
lyonm o'onm paom onm 6-yg; edAmef 6-yg;/
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6-yg;/
lwPSm o'wPSm paom wPSm 6-yg; edAmef 6-yg;/
ly0dwuf o'0dwuf paom 0dwuf 6-yg; edAmef 6-yg;/
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
82
oOyg'daoo toacs,
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tEkyg'daoo tocs,
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
83
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kd yfaom y&rw tocFwedAm efoYkd
qdu
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ygVdawmf rsm;udk tpOfavQmuf odtyf\/
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csKyfNidrf;rI Oyrm Oyar,s tpHktpHkESifhwuG okwfaygif; 10-wdkY\
t"dyg,fvdk&if;udk tpOftwdkif;jyqdkaythH/
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rsm;pGm aom td;k wdu
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
84
1/ xdkrD;yHkBuD; tMuiftcg topfjzpfaom rD;pm xif;wdkY

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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
85
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usefukefvwHU/ / ygVdawmfteuf/
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
86
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
87
tpOftwdkif; csKyfNidrf; uG,fyav\/ [k-Oyrmudkqdkav? cEm

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f ?
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
88
wpf e nf ; um;
um;---udavompkonf a&aomufjrpfBuD;pkESifh
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aom rD;ESifhwl\/
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Oyrm yifwnf;/
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
89
[kIjcif; jywfuif;NyD;aomyk*dKvftm; pkwdaemuf 0dnmOfponf

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edAme'DyeD
90
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94
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edAme'DyeD
95
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edAme'DyeD
96
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
97
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edAme'DyeD
98
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edAme'DyeD
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
100
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
101
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t,H upme 'kwda,m taEm/
upmea*gwokwf/
tw-d [laom t,lvnf; t,kww
f &m; 1-yg;? ew-d [laom
t,l vnf; t,kwfw&m; 1-yg;- [lvdkonf/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
102
bk&m;a'oemawmfrlum;- yk*dKvf ow0g tw ZD0[lrkcs tm;jzifhrSd? kyf emrfw&m;onfom rkcstm;jzifhSdonf?

xdk yk f emrfw&m;onfv
f nf; t0dZm wPSm-tpSad om taMumif;
w&m; xifmS ;Sad eorQ umvywfv;Hk ewo
d abm Oap'oabodYk
a&mufonf-[l rS?d taMumif;w&m;udk y,fmS ;vQif csKyNf ird ;f jcif;
odkY a&mufNrJjzpf oHo&m tNrJSd aeaom twdoabmvnf;
rSd? xdkYaMumifh xdkodkYaom twd oabm ewdoabmESifh Oyod0
ykPm; ar;avQmufonfudk twd ewd-rS tvGwfjzpfaom wpfyg;
aom y&d,m,fjzifh ajzawmfrlay\/
tw*Fw e yrmPr-wd?
a,e eH 0ZKH wH w ewd/
oaAok "arok orl[awok?
orl[wm 0g'yxmyd oaA/ / tajz/
tw*Fw= kyf emrfcEm uG,fyjcif;odkY a&mufavaom
y&dedAKw yk*dKvftm;? yrmPH=Sdonf rSdonf-[l qdkEdkif&ef
yrmPonf? etwd=rSd? a,e=tMuifwpfpkHwpfckaom y&rw
"rjzifh? eH=xdkyk*dKvfudk? 0ZKH=ynwfwif ac:a0:ajymqdkMu
uke&f m\? w=xdyk *k Kd vt
f m;? wH=xdk wpfpw
Hk pfcak om w&m;onf?
ewd=rSd? oaAok=tvkH;pkHukefaom? "arok=y&rw"rwdkYonf?
orl[awok=y,fEkwf csKyfNidrf;ukefNyD;onfSdaomf? oaA=tvkH;pkH
ukeaf om? 0g'yxmyd=ac:a0:ajymqdpk &m enf;vrf;wdo
Yk nfvnf;?
orl[wm=y,fEkwf csKyfNidrf;MuavukefNyD/ um;teuf/
*gxm yxryg'\ t"dyg ,fukd 'kw,
d yg'ESihf zGijhf yawmf
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
103
rlonf/ 'ke,
d yg'\ t"dyg ,fuv
kd nf; ]]oaAok "arok orl[awok? orl[wm 0g'yxmyd oaA}} [laom wwd, pwkw0 g'wdEYk iS fh
zGifhjyawmfrlonf/
t"dyg,ftus,frSm ypy&dAdkZfudk ajzawmfrlaom enf;vrf;
twdik ;f yif/
tusO;f rSmrlum;/ / cEm 5-yg; y&rww&m;rsKd ;Srd o
S mvQif
ow0gESifhpyfaom ynwfa0g[m&rsdK; SdEdkifonf? cEm 5-yg;
y&rww&m;rsKd ; rS&d m ow0gESiphf yfaom ynwfa0g[m&rsKd ; rSEd ikd ?f
y&dedAmefpHMuaomtcg xdkcEm 5-yg; y&rww&m;rsdK;wdkYonff
t<uif;tusefrSd tukeftpif uG,faysmufcsKyfNidrf;Muavukef\?
xdkw&m;wdkY csKyfNidrf;MuukefvQifvnf; xdkyk*dKvfwdkY\ oEmefESifh
pyfaom ynwfw&m;wdkYonfvnf; uG,faysmufMuavukef\?
y&dedAmefpkwd urZkyf csKyfonfrS aemufumv edp xm0&jzpf
aom tocFwedAmefBuD;odkY a&mufaeaom wpfpkHwpfckaom
y&rwfw&m; ynwfw&m;-[l t>rufavoHrQ rSNd yD qdv
k o
kd nf/
*gxm ]]oaAok "arok orl[awok? orl[wm
0g'xmyd oaA}} [laom 2-yg'wdkY]]oaAok "arok orl[awolwd oaAok caEo?k oaAok
tm,waeok? oAmok "mwlok}}/
[l tSifom&dykw&m zGifhawmfrlaomaMumifh y&dedAme
pkwu
d rZkyf tcsKyw
f iG f xdyk *k Kd vo
f Emef cEm- [lorQ tm,we[lorQ "mwf[o
l rQ tukecf sKyNf ird ;f ukeq
f ;Hk avuke\
f ? wpfpw
Hk pf&m
t>rufavoHrQ t<uif;tusef rSdNyD-[laom teufonf xif
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
104
Sm;ay\/
orl [ wm 0g'yxmyd oaA w d 0g'yxm 0k p E d
udavom pcEm p tbdocFg&m p? w 0g'gp? 0g'
yxm p? t"d0pem p? t"d0peyxm p? ed&kwd p?
ed&kwdyxm p? ynwd p? ynwdyxm p? OD[wm?
orl[wm? O'#m? Oyg#dwm? orkyg#dwm? y[Dem?
ork p d E m ? 0l y oE m ? y#d y ' g ? tbA K y w d u m?
P*dem? 'kmwd orl[wm 0g'yxmyd oaA?[l t&Sifom&dykw&m zGifhjyawmfrlaomaMumifh y&dedAme
pkwdurZ &kyfcsKyfNyD;onfrS aemufumv xdkyk*dKvfESifhpyfaom
wpfpw
Hk pfcak om y&rwfw&m; wpfpw
Hk pfcak om ynwfw&m;-[l
t>rufavorQ r&SNd y[
D k odomay\? ]]y&deAd m e pkwu
d rZkyf rcsKyrf D
aS;tzddkY xifSm;Sdaom cEm 5-yg; kyf emrf w&m;wdkYudk twdwf
pum;jzifh ajymqdkac:a0:Muaom t&momwnf;/
edAmef xdkyk*dKvfoEmefESifhpyfaom y&rwf tcuf teuf
ynwf tcuf teuf t>rufavo Sad e xdyk &rwf xdyk nwfukd
ac:qdMk uaom t&mr[kw?f xdaYk Mumifh ]]ocsaemaywd}}[lvnf;
aumif;? ]]twH yavwd? e Oaywd ocs}} [lvnf;aumif;?
]]orl[wm 0g' yxmyd oaA}}[lvnf;aumif;-a[mawmfrl
onf/
1/ od k Y v Qif Oyod 0 jyem avxJ o d k Y j ywf
ygavaom rD;awmuf\ aysmufysuf uG,fqHk;yHkudk
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
105
Oyrm jyawmfrlonf wpf&yf/

2/ ]]orl[wm 0g'yxmyd oaA}} [k a[mawmfrlonf
wpf&yf/
odkYaom tcsufrsm;udk axmufxm; y&dedAme pkwd
urZkyf csKyf&m xkdyk*dKvfoEmefESifhpyfaom y&rwf ynwf
tuket
f pif csKyjf ird ;f uG,af ysmufavaMumif;? vl &[Emjzpfcv
hJ Qif
o&D&"mwfawmfrQom tusef adS Mumif;? ewf&[Em jA[m&[EmjzpfcJhvQif o&D&"mwfawmfrQrS tusefrSdaMumif;ukd odtyf\/]
Oyod0jyem tmudOn
m,we tlybHrk S y&deAd m efpH
rIukd a[mawmfral omaMumifh xdt
k rItm;avsmpf mG avxJojYkd ywf
ygavaom rD;awmufukd OyrmjyKawmfrlavonf/
um;- Oyod0 jyemwnf;/
a0'emoH,w
k v
f mt"dyg ,f/ / oVm,we oH,w
k yf gVdawmf
a0'emoH,kwfvmaomaom a0'em y&dnm,? "da|"ar temoa0g/
um, ab'g "ra|m? ocs aemaywd a0'*l/
/[laom *gxmvnf; ]]ocsaemaywd}} yk'ft&udk ]]twyavwd
e Oaywd ocs}} yk'ftwdkif;odav/
/xdk*gxmaom=xdka0'em ur|mef;udk tm;xkwfaom yk*dKvfonf?
a0'em=3-yg;aoma0'emwd k Y u d k ? y&d n m,=tyd k i f t Ed k i f o d ?
'da|"ar=rsufarSmuf b0? temoa0g=tmoa0guif;aom
&[Emyk*dKvfonf? a[mwd=jzpfEkdif\? um,=udk,fcEm\?
ab'g=pkwdurZkyf csKyfonfrS? y&H=aemuf? "ra|m=edAmef
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
106
wnfaom? aom a0'*l=xkd&[Emyk*dKvfonf? ocs=ac:a0:p&m

wpfpHkwpf&mtjzpfodkY? aemaywd= ra&muf/ um;-teuf/
]]"ra|mwd taou"arok? edAmae {0 0gXdawm}} [k
t|uxm zGifh\/ /"ra|m=taouw&m;wdkYwnfaom/
0g=edAmefwnfaom / 2-euf/
taou"rr/ / taou"r qdo
k nfum;- t&[wzv
kd f
aywnf;? t&[wzdkvf wnfaom[k qdkvdkonf? t&[wzdkvf
wnfrIonf udk ,fcEmysufonfrS aemuf wnfonfr[kwf?
rysufrDuyif wnfayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]]um,=udk,fcEm\?
ab'g=pkwdurZkyfcsKyfonfrS? y&H=aemuf? ocs=ac:a0:p&m
wpffpHkwpf&mtjzpfodkY? aemaywd=ra&muf}} [k pyf,l&rnf/
"ra|m-yk'f a0'*l-yk'w
f u
Ykd m; y&deAd m efrpHrD adS om *kPw
f jYkd zifh
csD;rGrf;aom yk'fwdkYomwnf;? "ra|m=edAmef wnfaom-[laom
teufrSmrlum; ]]um,=udk,fcEm\? ab'g=pkwdurZkyfcsKyf
onfr?S y&H=aemuf? "ra|m=tEkyg'daoo edAm efwnfaeaom}}
[lvnf; pyfEdkifyg\/
edAmefwnfaom- [l&mrSmvnf; cEmcsKyfjidrf;jcif;trI
wnfaom-[kqdkonfESifh twlwlyif? cEmcsKyfjidrf;jcif;trI
wnfonfqo
kd nfum;- aysmufjird ;f jy;D aom tcsKUd aom tema&m*g
onf wpfzefvSef wpfzefjrHK ay:vmjyefouJhodkY edAmef tae
tm;jzifh csKyfjidrf;jyD;aom cEmokc cEmtem cEma&m*gwdkYonf
wpfzefvSef wpfzefjrHKay:vmjyefonf-[k rSdMuukefjyD? tjrJ
xm0& edp"l0tm;jzifh csKyfjidrf;rItwdkif; ukefqHk;rItwdkif;om wnf
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
107
avawmhonf? xdkyk*dKvfonfvnf; cEmwdkY\ csKyfjidrf;ukefqHk;rI

qdkufwnf avawmhonf? xdkcsKyfjidrf; ukefqHk;rIrS wpfzefjyef
vmonf[k rSdjyD- qdkvdkonf/
um; a0'emoH,kwfvm t"dyg,fwnf;/
wGifa&GUum; ed&PedAmefodkY qdkufa&mufyHk jyD;\/
---------ed A m ef \ csrf ; omyH k
,cktcg edAmef\ csrf;omyHkudk a[mawmfrlaom ygVdrsm;\
t"dyg,fudk twefi,f jyvdkufOD;tHh]]yOad r tmeE umr*kPm? uwar yO? puK0ad n,sm lyg}}
tp&Sdojzifh a0'emoH,kwf ygVdawmf-&a[m*w0*f- e0rokwf
vm\/
csrf;om 10-yg;1/ umr*kPf csrf;om 1-yg;/
2/ yxrpsmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
3/ 'kwd,psmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
4/ wwd,psmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
5/ pwkwpsmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
6/ tmumomeO,wepsmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
7/ 0dnmPO,wepsmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
8/ tmudOnm,wepsmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
9/ ae0onmemonmwepsmef csrf;om 1-yg;/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
108
10/ eda&m"ormywf csrf;om 1-yg;/

umr*k P f csrf ; om/ / umr*kPfcsrf;omqdkonfum;vlUjynf ola|; ol<u,f ya'o&mZfrif; {u&mZfrif; pMum
rEwfrif;? ewfjynf ajcmufxyf ewfrif; odMum;rif;wdkY\
csrf;omudkqdkownf;? umr*kPf csrf;omonf t,kwfnHhqHk;
aywnf;? xdkumr*kPfcsrf;omxuf awmcsHKwGif; yxrpsmefudk
0ifpm;aeaom &[ef;\csrf;omonf tbduEw& jzpf\?
yPDww& jzpf\? (tbduEw&H=tvGefESpfoufzG,f&Sd\? yPDw
w&H=tvGerf eG jf rwf\[k teufay;/)/ / (txufuv
kd nf; enf;
ESifh tpOftwdkif;qdkav/)
y&r'd|"reAd m ef/ / pdwf apwoduf pdwZ kyf tukecf sKy
f
urZkyf OwkZkyf tm[m&Zkyf oufoufEiS hf aeonfudk eda&m"
ormywd csrf;omqdkonf? xdkeda&m"ormywd csrf;omonf
]]y&r'd|"redAmef}} rnf\?
eda&m"ormywd csr;f omudk a[mawmfro
l nf\ tqH;k XmeH acg yaewH tmeE 0dZwH? ,H tnwdwd,m
y&dAmZum {0H 0a',sHK? onma0',dw eda&m"H
oraPm a*Gwarm tm[? wO okco ynaywd
yPDww&H? w,d'H uok w,d'H uxHowd? {0H0g'd
aem tnww,
d m y&dAm Zum {0Hrk0peD,m ,w
,w tm0kaom b*0g okcan0 a0'eH oE, okco
ynaywd? wxm*awm okco ynaywd? ,w ,w
tm0kaom okcH OyvAwd? ,[ ,[ okcH? wH wH
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
109
wxm*wm okco ynaywD} wd/

odkY a[mawmfrl\/
t"dyg,fum;/ / pdwf apwodufwdkY\ csKyfjcif;wnf;
[laom eda&m"ormywfudk Sifa*gwronf a[m\? xdkeda&m"
ormywf u d k v nf ; tvG e f r G e f j rwf a om csrf ; om ynwf \ ?
xdktrIonf tb,fokdYenf; pdwf apwodufrSdu rcHpm;Edkif?
rcHpm;Edkifu tb,frSm csrf;om[kwfawmhtHhenf;-[k omoemrS
tyjzpfaom wdwyd &dAZkd w
f o
Ykd nf qdMk uuke&f m\? xdw
k w
d yd &dAZkd w
f u
Ykd kd
okdY qdktyfukef\? igwdkYjrwfpGmbk&m;onf cHpm;jcif;Sdaom
okca0'emuko
d m csr;f om-[lynwfonfr[kw?f tMuiftMuif
w&m; csrf;omudk&\? xdkxdk w&m;ukdvnf; csrf;omokc[l
ynwfawmf rl\? okdY qdktyfukef\-[lvdkonf/
ygVdawmfjzifh cHpm;rI pHpm;rIonf ,kwfnHhaom csrf;om
jzpf\? rGejf rwfaom csr;f omr[kw?f tZwo
Emef rNird o
f ufaom
w&m; rodrfarGUaomw&m; vIyfSm;aomw&m; kefY&if;aom
w&m;wdkY\ uif;Nidrf;jcif;onfom txGwftjrwf csrf;omtppf
jzpf\-[k jyawmfrlonf/
e0edygwft*FkwdK&fvm t"dyg,f/ / e0edygwft*FkwdK&f
ygVdawmfvnf; okdYvm\? wpf&Haomtcg tSifom&dykw&m
onf &[ef;wdkYtm;okcrd'H tm0kaom edAmeH/
okcrd'H tm0kaom edAmeH/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
110
[laom pum;ukdqdkay\/
tm0kaom=igSiw
f ?Ykd 'HeAd m eH=edAm efonf? okc=H csr;f om
aypGwum;/ / aemuf0gusvnf; enf;wlay;av/
xdt
k cg tSirf [maum|du rax&fonf tSio
f m&dyw
k & m
tm;u y aew tm0k a om om&d y k w ok c H ? ,a'w
a0',dwH ewd/
[laom pum;ukd qdkav\/
tm0kaom om&dykw&=ighSifom&dykw&m? ,a'w-,o
{weAd m ae=tMuifeAd m ef? a0',dw=H cHpm;rI pHpm;rIonf? ew=d rS?d
{w=cHpm;rI pHpm;rIrSdaom edAmef? okcH=csrf;omrnfonf?
uye= tb,frSmSdtHhenf;/ / (um; teuf/)
{wa'0wm0kaom okcH? ,a'w ewd a0',dwH[l a[mawmfrl\/
tm0kaom aum|du=ighSifaum|du? {w=edAmef?
a0',dwH=cHpm;rI pHpm;rIrnfonf? ,H ewd=tMuifrSd? {wa'0=
xdkcHpm;rI pHpm;rI rSdjcif;onfomvQif? {wH=edAmef? okcH=csrf;
omrIaywnf;/ (um; teuf/)
csrf;omykH,kwd/ / xdkaemufrS csrf;omykH,kwdudk okdY
a[mawmfrl\? avmbESifhwuG cHpm; pHpm;tyfaom umr*kPf
csrf;omonf Sd\? xdkumr*kPfcsrf;omonf yxrpsmefudk yGg;rsm;
aom yk*dKvfrSm temqdk; a&m*gqdk;BuD;rnf\? xdkyxrpsmefudk
yGg;rsm;aom yk*dKvfudk qif;&J'kua&mufavatmif vGefpGmESdyfpuf
Edik \
f -[lvo
kd nf/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
111
Oyrmum;/
/ tvG e f , m;,H a om El e mrsd K ;pJ G u yf
x<uaeaom yk*Kd vo
f nf tvGeyf v
l S tdu
k v
f aS om aEG&moDrmS yif
&J & J n d a om S m ;rD ; cJ w d k Y u d k BuD ; pG m aom rD ; td k ; cif ; xnf h
wpfu,
kd v
f ;Hk &T&J pJT adk om ud,
k t
f *Fgwdu
Yk kd rD;uif&onfadS omf t,m;
t,H ajyaysmuf tvGefaumif;aom azm|Aokcudk &av\?
rD;ESihf uif;uGmcJo
h nfadS omf ,m;,Hjcif; jyif;pGmESyd pf uf &yfwnfr&
jzpfav\? xdu
k o
hJ aYdk om tema&m*g rSad omolwrYkd mS xdu
k o
hJ Ydk ylvS
tdu
k v
f aS omtcg rD;ukd jrif&vQiyf if qif;&J'u
k a&mufMu uke\
f ?
jrifjcif;ukdrQ tvdkrSdMuukef/
Oyrm xdk&moDrSm ted|pifppf jzpfukefaom Sm;rD;cJ
wdo
Yk nf xdu
k o
hJ aYdk om ElemBu;D Sirf mS temief; ref;x &yfwnfr&
,m;,HvaS om twGuaf Mumifh tvGeaf umif;aom |"r azm|A
jzpf&uke\
f /
xdkYtwl ylyefrItrsdK;rsdK;ESifhwuG jzpfukefaom vlUcsrf;om
vlUumr*kPf ewfjynfajcmufxyf ewfcsrf;om ewfumr*kPfwdkY
onf umrwPSmwnf;[laom ElemBuD;pJGuyfojzifh &TJ&TJpkd usdKuf
usdKufql pdwfElemBuD; SdMuukefaom ow0gwdkYtm; umrwPSm
temief;ref;x &yfwnfr& ,m;,HvSonfh twGufaMumifh
taumif;trGef txGwftjrwfawG jzpf&avukef\/
xdkSm;rD;usD;wdkYonf xdkuJhokdYaom ElemBuD;rsdK; uif;Sif;
ukefaom olwdkYtm; ted|pifppf 'kupifppf jzpfMuukefouJhokdY?
yxrpsmefudk & umrwPSm pdwfElemBuD; uif;Sif;NyD;jzpfaom
olwt
Ykd m; xdv
k Ul umr*kPf ewfumr*kPw
f o
Ykd nf &GzH ,
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G f
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
112
pufqyk zf ,
G af om ted|"r 'ku" rwo
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f ? ElemBu;D
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f o
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ElemBu;D pJu
G yf &T&J pJT dk usKd uu
f sKd uq
f l pdwEf el mBu;D tBuKd ut
f m;jzifh
om |okc xifr&S ukeo
f nf? pifppf trSet
f m;jzifrh u
l m; ylyefap
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yxrpsmefudk& xdkumrwPSmumronm? temqdk;
a&m*gqdk;wdkY\ uif;Nidrf;jcif;onf tvGefat;jr Nidrf;csrf;aom
oEd|du edAmef 1-yg;rnf\/
(um; e0edygwf t*FkwdK&fygVdawmfvm
yxr0g&t"dyg ,fwnf;/)
'kwd,0g&t"dyg,f/
/ 0dwuf 0dpm&ESifhwuGjzpfaom
yxrpsmef csrf;omonf&Sd\? xdkyxrpsmef&Sdaom 0dwuf
0dpm&wdo
Yk nf 'kw,
d psmefukd yGm;rsm;aomolrmS temqd;k a&m*gqd;k
MuD;rnfukef\? 'kwd,psmefudk yGm;rsm;aomoludk qif;&J'ku
jzpfavatmif vGefESdyfpufEdkifukef\/
OyrmrSmElemBuD;ESifh 0dwuf 0dpm&&Sdaom yxrpsmefokcudk
om,m aom psmeeduEw
d PSmonf wl\? &Sm;rD;us;D cJEiS hf yxrpsmef
okconf wl\? EkemBu;D uif;&Si;f aom olEiS hf yxrpsme eduEw
d PSm
uif;&Sif;NyD;aom a,m*Dyk*dKvfonf wl\? xdkyk*dKvfrSm yxrpsmef
okc om,maom psmeeduEdwPSm? uif;Nidrf;jcif;onf tvGef
at;jr Nidrf;csrf;aom oEd|du edAmef\1-yg;rnf\/
(um; 'kwd,0g& t"dyg,fwnf;/)
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
113
enf;twdkif; ElemBuD;OyrmESifhwuG ae0onmemonm

,we psmefwikd af tmif tqifq
h ifq
h akd v? eda&m"ormywfonfum;
ESyd pf uf nO;f yef;rIukd jyKwwfaomw&m;r[kwaf y {uEpck 'd|"r
edAm efrnf\/
t"dyg,fcsKyf/ / ygVdawmf0,f t"dyg,ftcsKyfum; qdkcJhNyD;aom umr*kPfcsrf;aom yxrpsmefcsrf;om tp&SdonfwdkY
onf toD;oD;olwu
Ykd kd om,maom wPSma&m*g &Scd u
kd f om {uE
okcxif&uke\
f ? txuftxuf w&m;udk a&mufvakd om olwrYkd mS
rlum;-abmufaomuf w&m;jzpf ay:aeonf&Sdaomf {uE
'kuj zpf\? abmufaomufw&m;\ uif;jywf csKyNf ird ;f jcif;onfom
vQif {uEokcjzpf\/
abmufaomufw&m;\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;rnfonfvnf; xdk
w&m;wnf;[laom cHpm;zG,f pHpm;zG,\
f / uif;&Si;f jcif; xdw
k &m;
udk cHpm;pHpm;aom yDwad omre okca0'emwd\
Yk uif;&Si;f jcif;
yif jzpfcJh cHpm;zG,f pHpm;zG,f csKyfuG,fuif;Nidrf;rI-[laomoEd
oabmrsKd ;onfvnf; {uefcsr;f omaom oabmrsKd ;jzpf ayownf;
[k odomxif&Sm;avaomaMumifh cHpm; pHpm;rI r&Sdaom edAmef\
vnf;{uEokcrsdK;rSefaMumif;udk ,HkMunf av;jrwfrSwf om;tyf
onf-ig&Sif r[maum|du-[lvdkonf/
(um; e0u t*FkwdK&fvm t"dyg,fwnf;/)
a0'emoH,w
k v
f mt"dyg ,f/ / a0'emoH,w
k f ygVdawmf
&[ef; 1-yg;onf tMuHjzpf\? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf okca0'em
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
114
'kua 0'em t'kur okca0'em-[l a0'em 3-yg;udv

k nf; a[m
awmfrlonf/
,Hudd a0',dwH? oAH wH 'kuo
[lvnf; a[mawmfrlonf/
,Hud =d tvH;k pHak om? a0',dw=H cHpm;jcif; pHpm;jcif;trIonf?
tw=d &S\
d ? oA=H tvH;k pHak om? wH=xdck pH m;jcif;pHpm;jcif;-[lorQonf?
'kuo='kucsnf;omwnf;/ / (um; teuf/)
tb,fudk&nf ]] ,Hudd a0',dwH? oAH wH 'kuod H}}
[laompum;udk a[mawmfral voenf;-[ktBujH zpf\/ / jrwfpmG
bk&m;udk avQmufxm;av&mom"k om"k bduK wdam rmbduK a0'em
0kwm r,m okcg a0'em 'kum a0'em t'kur okcg
a0'em? rmudd a0'em 0kwm r,m? 0kwH acg yae
wHbduK r,m ,Hudd a0',dwH? oAH wH 'kuod HEd/
wHacgyaewH bduKr,m ocFg&ma,0 tedpwH
oEm,bmodwH ,Hudd a0',dwH? oAH wH 'kuodEd/
wH acgyaewH bduKr,m ocFg&meH c,"rwH
0,"rwH 0d&m*"rwH eda&m"rwH 0dy&dPm"rwH
oEm, bmodwH ,Hud d a0',dw?H oAH wH 'kuo
Ed /d
[l a[mawmfrlonf/
t"dyg,fum;/
/ cspfom;&[ef;---aumif;pGaumif;pG?
igbk&m;onf a0'em 3-yg;udk a[monfvnf;rSef\? ]],Hudd
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
115
a0',dw?H oAH wH 'kuo

d }H } [laompum;udk a[monfvnf;rSe\
f ?
xdk 2-yg;wdkYwGif a0'emudk 3-yg;[l a[monfrSm cHpm;jcif;
tEkv0e tjym;rQudk &nfiga[monf? tvHk;pHkaom cHpm;jcif;
pHpm;jcif;[lorQonf 'kuc sn;f [la[monfrmS ocFg&w&m;wd\
Yk
tedpoabm 0dy&dPmroabmudk&nf iga[monf-[lvdk
ownf;/
vd k & if ; tcsKyf / / vdk&if;tcsKyfum;-okca0'em 'ku
a0'em Oayua0'em-[l&m 'kuc sn;f ra[mrl okc Oayumyg&SdonfrSm cHpm;rI txl;tjym;udk&nf a[mawmfrlonf/ /
]],Hud d a0',dw?H oAH wH 'kuo
d }H } [l okc Oayum-wdu
Yk v
kd nf;
'ku- [ka[mawmfro
l nfrmS xdo
k ck Oayum-wdo
Yk nf ocFg&"rrsKd ;
jzpfMuuke
f tedpo
abm&SMd uuke\
f ? tedpo
abm [lonfvnf;
okcr[kw?f 'kuj zpfc\
hJ ? odaYk om 'kuo
abm ud&k nf cHpm;rI[lonf okc-[l wpfpHkwpfpHkrQr&Sd? 'kucsnf;om jzpfonf[ka[mawmfrlavonf/
rkcs {uef wu,frSefudk jyqdkawmfrlaom opm 4-yg;t&m
um;-okca0'emOayuma0'em-[lr&Sd? a0'em-[lorQonf
'kuomtrSef pifppf jzpfownf;? 'kuopm trSeftppf {uefjzpf
aom cHpm;rI pHpm;rI-[laom a0',dwabm a0'emoabm[lt>rufavorQ r&Sad omtwGuaf Mumifh tocFw r[medAm ef
BuD;udk ]]y&rokc}}[l qdk&onf? csrf;omaom cHpm;rI pHpm;rI[laom a0',dwoabm &Scd o
hJ nfjzpft?hH xdt
k ocFw r[medAm ef
BuD;onf y&rokcrsdK;om jzpfvwHU/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
116
edAmefpum;udk ajymqddkMu&m cHpm; pHpm;-[laom toHudk

xnfY ajymqdkMuaom olwdkYonf edAmefudk uJY&JUIHUcsonf rnf
ukef\? edAmef[lonf okcr[kwf? 'kuom trSefjzpf\-[k qdk&m
a&mufMuavuke\
f ? t&Sio
f m&dyw
k & m a[mawmfral om a'oem
pkESifYwuG ]],HudOd a0',dwH? oAH wH 'kuo}} [l a[m
awmfral om a'oemawmfukd jrifMuojzifY yxru@ jyqdck aYJ om
a0',dwokc oEdokc 2-rdsK;wGif a0',dwokcrsdK;-[lorQonf
{uefpifppftm;jzifY okcyifr[kwf? 'kucsnf;om jzpfownf;?
oEdokcrsdK;omvQif {uefpifppftm;jzifY okcrsdK;trSefjzpfownf;
-[k ,HkMunfav;jrwf rSwfom;tyf\/
(um; a0'emoH,kwfvm t"dyg,fwnf;)
wGifa&GUum; edAmef\ csrf;omyHk jyD;\/
----------------------y&rok c oabm
bm0em-40/ /,cktcg cHpm; pHpm;rI r&dSaom edAmef\
y&r okcoabm xif&mS ;apjcif;iSg bm0em 40-\ teuft"dyg ,f
udk t>rufrQ jyqdkvdkuftHh/
yOuE m tedpm 'kum a&m*g *@m ovm tCm tmAm"my
a&yavmum wD/ (10)
Oy'0g b,m Oyo*g pvm yb*Fl t"k0g twmPm
tavPm to&Pm &dwm/ (20)
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
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wkpm oknm tewm tm'De0g 0dy&dPmr"rm tom&um

tCrlvm 0"um 0db0g omo0g/ (30)
ocFwm rm&mrdom Zmwd"rm Z&m"rm Asm"d"rm r&P"rm
aomu"rm y&da'0"rm Oyg,mo"rm oHudavudu"rm/ (40)
yOuE m =cEm 5-yg;wdo
Yk nf? tedpm =tedp w&m;wdo
Yk mwnf;?
'kum='kuw&m;wdkYomwnf;? a&m*g=a&m*gwdkYomwnf;? *@m=
tdkif;temwdkYomwnf;? ovm=ajimifYwdkYomwnf;? tCm=tusdK;
rJYwdkYomwnf;? tmAm"m=temwdkYomwnf;? ya&=tpdrf; jyify
wdkYomwnf;? yavmum=zdkz&J ysdKuGJysufjym;rsdK;wdkYomwnf;?
wD=ab;&efwdkYomwnf;/ (10)
Oy'0g=tjyif;txef ESyd pf ufwwfaom Oy'a0gwdo
Yk mwnf;?
b,m=aMumufvefYzG,faom ab;wdkYomwnf;? Oyo*g=wG,fwm
uyfjidwwfaom tE&m,fwdkYomwnf;? pvm=vIyf&Sm;wwfaom
w&m;wdkYomwnf;? yb*Fl=ysufpD;jcif; tavh&Sdaom w&m;wdkYom
wnf;? t"k0g=rcdkifrjrJaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;? twmPm=
yef;atmif;&mr[kwfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;? to&Pm=udk;
uG , f & mr[k w f a om w&m;wd k Y o mwnf ; ? &d w m =tES p f o m&rS
qdwfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/ (20)
wkpm =tcsn;f tES;D wdo
Yk mwnf;? oknm=tokO;f toGe;f tcGH
tum wdkYomwnf;? tewm=ig\udk,f-[k twGif;rjyKxdkufaom
w&m;wdo
Yk m wnf;? tm'De0g=ud;k uG,&f mr&daS om w&m;wdo
Yk mwnf;?
0dy&dPmr"rm=azmufvJazmufjyefjzpfjcif; oabm&dSaom w&m;
wdkYomwnf;? tom&um=tESpfr&dSaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;?
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
118
tCrl v m=raumif ; rI j zpf y G m ;&ef taMumif ; &if ; wd k Y o mwnf ; ?

0"um=olowfa,musmf ; tmPmom;wdo
Yk mwnf;? 0db0g=ysujf yKe;f
qkH;yg;wwfaom w&m;wkYdomwnf;? tmo0g=tmo0w&m; 4yg;ESifhwuGjzpfaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;/
pcFwm=jyKpkysKd;axmifrS jzpfEdkifaomw&m;wdkYomwnf;?
rm&mrdom=olowfa,musfm; rm&f 5-yg;wdkY\ pm;zwf 0g;zwf
ok;H oyfeif;e,f&mwko
Yd mwnf;? Zmwd"rm=cPcsi;f rSmyif taumif;
tqdk; trsdK;rsKd; jzpfay:jcif; oabm&dSaom w&m;wdkYomwnf;?
Z&m"rm=a[mif;EGr;f &ifah qG;jcif; oabm&daS om w&m;wdYk omwnf;?
Asm"d"rm=zsm;jcif; emjcif;oabm&daS om w&m;wdo
Yk mwnf;? r&P
"rm=aoqkH;jcif;oabm&dS aomw&m;wdkYomwnf;? aomu"rm=
pd;k &dryf al qG;rIukd jzpfapjcif;oabm&daS om w&m;wdo
Yk mwnf;? y&da'
0"rm=idka<u;jcif;'kuudk jzpfapjcif;oabm&dSaom w&m;wkYdom
wnf;? Oyg,mo"rm=oufBuD;SLdSLuf tvdIuftvSJ yifyef;jcif;
'k u u d k j zpf a p wwf j cif ; oabm&d S a om w&m;wd k Y o mwnf ; ?
oHudavodu"rm=npfEGrf;aom tukodkvfw&m;wdkYudk jzpfyGm;
apjcif; oabm&dSaomw&m;wdkYomwnf;/ (40) (um;teuf/)
cEm 5-yg;/ //yOuEm [laom ygXf kyf a0'em onm
ocFg& 0dnmOf- 5-yg;onf yOuEmrnf\/ / xkdwGif1/ kyfqdkonfum; ..t0Dpdi&JrSp tued| jA[mhbkH
wdik af tmif twGi;f 0,f Bu;D Bu;D i,fi,f ud,
k x
f nf
o@mef jzpfaeukeaf om ajr a& av rD;- "gwfBu;D
4-ck? puK aomw Cme Zd0gS um, ly o' *E
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
119
&o-tp&dSaom kyfi,f kyfao;wdkYudk lyuEm

qdo
k nf/
2/ a0'em qdkonfum;...taumif; tqdk; trsKd;rsKd;
aom cHpm;rI pHpm;rIudk qdkonf/
3/ onmqko
d nfum;... arG;zGm;p umvrSp um;
trd um; tb-tp&do
S nfjzifh trSwf onmxm;rI
udk qkdonf/
4/ ocFg&qdo
k nfum;...MupH nfrI ajymqdrk I vkyaf qmif
rI tvkH;pkHudk qdkonf/
5/ 0dnmOfqdkonfum;... pdwfudk qdkonf/
(um; cEm 5-yg; tMurf;tm;jzifh ydkif;jcm;csufwnf;/)
(aemufcEm 4-yg;wdkYrSm t0Dpdi&JrSp
ae0onmemonmbkHwdkifatmif,lav/)
tedptwGufaMumufrufzG,f/ / xdkcEm 5-yg;wdkYonf
aoqkH;jcif;[laom tedpab;? xufMuyfruGm tNyD;ygaeukef
aomaMumifh vlUcEmpkvnf; tedpomwnf;? ewfcEmpkvnf;
tedpo
mwnf;? jA[mh cEmpkvnf; tedpo
mwnf;? vljzpfvQiv
f nf;
wpfcPom? ewfjzpf vQifvnf; wpfcPom? jA[mjzpfvQifvnf;
wpfcPom? oHo&m&Snf vsm;ykHESihf EdIif;,SOfonf&Sdaomf urm 8aomif; 4-axmif touf&n
S af om ae0onmemonm,webk&H Sd
cEmpkonfvnf; wpfcPrQomwnf;/
vlYb0rSmwpfvSnfh? tyg,frSm b0t&m taxmif? ewf
b0rSm wpfvn
S ?hf tyg,frmS b0taomif; tode;f ? jA[mh jynfrmS
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
120
wpfvn
S ?hf tyg,frmS b0tode;f toef;? tNrrJ [kwo
f nfh twGuf
aMumifh aMumufrufzG,f wvMurf; txuf atmuf vGifhyg;
aeMu&ykHwnf;? tNrJr[kwfonfhtwGufaMumifh vljzpfaeaomf
vnf; tyg,fi&JoYkd a&S;Ivsuyf if? ewfjzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,f
i&JodkY a&S;Ivsufyif? lyjA[m tly jA[mjzpfaeaomfvnf;
tyg,fi&JodkY a&S;Ivsufyif? vljzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,fi&Judk
aMumuf&vsufyif? ewfjzpf jA[mjzpfaeaomfvnf; tyg,f
i&Jab;udk aMumuf&vsufyif/
(um; tedptwGufaMumifh jzpf&aom
aMumufrufzG,frIBuD;aywnf;/)
odkYaom tedpab;BuD;udk qifjcifEdkifMuygvQif vlYcEm
vlYb0 ewfcEm ewfb0 jA[mhcEm jA[mhb0wdkY cHpm; pHpm;&
aom a0',dw okcrsK;d pkonf aMumufz,
G f vefzY ,
G f Ni;D aiGzY ,
G af om
'kursKd; tppftrSef jzpfaMumif;udk odjrifEkdifMu&monf/
vlYb0udk om,maomwPSmESihf vlYcEmrsKd; tjzpfNidrf;rS
tyg,fi&J ab;Nidrf;onf? ewfb0udk om,maomwPSmESihf
ewfcEmrsKd; tjzpfNidrf;rS tyg,fi&Jab; Nidrf;onf? oum,'d|dESihf
jA[mhcEmrsKd; tjzpfNidrf;rS tyg,f i&Jab; Nidrf;onf/
xdkYaMumifh xdkwPSm 'd|dwdkYESihfwuG vlYcEm 5-yg;? ewfcEm
5-yg;? jA[mcEm 5-yg;? 4-yg;? 1-yg; tukefvkH; tjzpfNidrf;rI Zmwf
odrf;rI[laom r[mtocFw"mwf edAmefBuD;onf tvGefw&m
BuD;jrwfvSpGmaom ]]y&rokcBuD;}} jzpfayonf[k xifEkdif&monf?
t0Dpd i&Jab;BuD;udk aMumufaomolonf t0DpDi&Jab;BuD;rS
tpodYk
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121
vGwu
f if;&ef xdt
k jzpfNird ;f rI Zmwfo
f rd ;f rI wpfco
k nfom ud;k uG,&f m
&dSawmhonf/
i&J\tyif;toif;/ //xdkvlYcEm vlYcsrf;om? ewfcEm
ewffcsrf;om? jA[mhcEm jA[mhcsrf;ompkonfum; t0Dpdi&JBuD;\
tyif;toif;wpfpkom vQifwnf;/
jzpf y k H u m;/
1/ vl j zpf a omol o nf rd r d u d k , f c E m
jzpfaeaom puK[lvnf;aumif; puKonfyif ig-[lvnf;
aumif; igjrifonf [lvnf;aumif; wPSm 'd|Ed iS fh om,mcJt
h ?Hh
xkdom,mrIxJrSm t0Dpdi&JtwGif;odkY 0ifav\/
2/ xdt
Yk wl ig\aomw [lvnf;aumif; igMum;onf
[lvnf;aumif;/
3/ ig\Cme [lvnf;aumif; igeHonf [lvnf;
aumif;/
4/ ig\Zd0gS [lvnf;aumif; csKd onf csOo
f nfukd igod
onf [lvnf;aumif;/
5/ ig\udk,f? ig\t*Fg [lvnf;aumif; tyl tcsrf;
tMurf;tEk ponfudkawGUxd odaomtcg igod
onf[lvnf;aumif;/
odkY tp&dSojzifh lyuEmudk wPSm 'd|dESifh om,mcJhthH?
xdkom,mrIxJrSm i&Jab;tNyD;yg0ifav\? tb,fhaMumifhenf;
[lr-l rdru
d ,
kd cf Emudk om,maom wPSm 'd|&d aSd ecJv
h Qif tyg,fab;
rS rvGwf&aomaMumihfwnf;/
a0'emucEmrS rsufpdtmkHudk cHpm;rI aumif;onf
tpodYk
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122
raumif;onf [k&dSMu&m igaumif;onf ig0rf;ajrmufonf[k

om,mrIum; puKorZm a0'emudk om,mpGJvrf;rIwnf;?
xdo
k m,mpGv
J rf;rIxrJ mS i&Jab;Bu;D tNy;D yg0ifav\/ / (em;tmkH
ponfwdkYvnf; enf;twl odav/)
onmuEmrSm b,foif; b,f[mudk igod\? igrSwfrd\?
igrarh[k om,mpGv
J rf;rIonf onmuEm om,mpGv
J rf;rIwnf;?
ocFg&uEmum; xif&Sm;&mrQudk qdkaytHh/1/ ighpdwfrSmawGUonf/ / (zom,mrI)
2/ ighaphaqmfonf ig apwem&dSonf ig apwemr&dS/ /
(apwem om,mrI)
3/ ihgpdwfNidrfoufonf/ / ({u*wmom,mrI)
4/ igESvkH;oGif;onf/ / (reodum& om,mrI)
5/ igMuzH efonf ig0dwufrsm;onf/ / (0dwufom,mrI)
6/ rnfonfh tmkH ig\pdwf wpf&pf0J0J aeonf/ /
(0dpm& om,mrI)
7/ igESpfoufonf igtm;&onf/ / (yDwdom,mrI)
8/ igtm;xk w f o nf igaMumih f M upd k u f o nf /
/
(0D&,
d om,mrI)
9/ b,foif; b,f[mudk igtvdk&dSonf igjyKvdkonf
igajymvdkqdk vdkonf igjrifvdkonf igMum; vdkonf
igoGm;vdkonf ponfum;- (qE om,mrI)
10/ igvdkcsifonf igcifrifonf igawmifhwonf ponf
um; (avmbom,mrI)
tpodYk
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11/ igpdwfqdk;onf/ / (a'goom,mrI)

12/ igrodEdkif igrxifEkdif rjrEdkifonf/ / (arm[
om,mrI)
13/ igMunfdkonf/ / (o'gom,mrI)
14/ igatmufarhonf/ / (owdom,mrI)
15/ raumif;rI ig&Suo
f nf igpufqyk o
f nf ig&Go
H nf/ /
([d&D om,mrI)
16/ igaMumufonf igxdwv
f efo
Y nf/ / (Mowy om,mrI)
17/ igvSLonf igay;urf;pGefYMuJonf/ / ('gepGJvrf;rI)
18/ igapmifhxdef;onf igapmif;pnf;onf/ / (oDv
pGJvrf;rI)
19/ igodonf igwwfonf igvdrmonf igajrmfjrifEdkif
onf/ / (ynmpGJvrf;rI)/
pGJvrf;rI tvkH;pkHonf tyg,fab; i&Jab; tNyD;yg0if
av\/
0dnmPuEm rSm- (igMuo
H nf igodonf ig\pdwf ighraem[kpv
JG rf; onf/)/ /pGv
J rf;rI tvk;H pko
H nf tyg,ftwGi;f 0ifvsuf
ygavonfcsn;f /
ewfjzpfaomolwdkY rdrdudk,fcEmudk wPSm 'd|djzifh pGJvrf;rI
jA[mjzpf aomolwYkd rdru
d ,
kd cf Emudk wPSm 'd|jd zifh pGv
J rf;rIwYkd vnf;
tyg,fab; oHo&mab; tNyD;yg0ifrIudk odav/
(um; vlcY Em vlcY sr;f om ewfcEm ewfcsr;f om jA[mcEm
jA[m csrf;ompkonf i&J\ tyif;toif;omjzpfonf-[laom
tpodYk
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124
pum; tus,f,kwdwnf;/)
odv
Yk Qif tyg,fab; oHo&mab;udk aMumufaomolonf
vl tjzpf ewftjzpf jA[mtjzpfxJrSm udk;uG,f&mudk &Sm? xdk
vlYcEm ewfcEm jA[mhcEmwdkY tukeftjzpfNidrf;rI Zmwfodrf;rI
wpfckonfomvQif udk;uG,f&m tppf jzpfavownf;/
(um; cHpm; pHpm;rI okc aomre a0'emr&dSaom
oEdokcrsKd;onfom {uEokcrsKd; rSefaMumif;udk
tedpyk'fESifhpyf jyqdkaomtcef;wnf;/)
]]yOuEm'kum}} yk'fESifh ESdyfpufjcif; nOf;yef;jcif;trIudk
'kuu
q
kd o
kd nf? xdck Em 5-yg;onf ow0gudk 'ku 'ku' PfcsuEf iS fh
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
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usw
D iG ;f odYk oGi;f xm;rIEiS phf yfaom 'kur w
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'kur w
I u
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
126
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wnf;/)
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
127
(c) wpfckwpfckaom b0cEmESifh wpfESpfwpfESpf vkyfpm

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1/ terw*oHo&mwGif wpfBudrfwpfBudrfaom vlYcEm
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ajymif;yif yJyifwlonf/
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
128
'kuBuD;ESifh aumufcif; ajymif;cif; yJcif;rSm a&Owk

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tuGm tpOfyg ae\/
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k Mf u&aom 0dy&dPmr'ku?
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u
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
129
aumuf ajymif; yJ ESrf;udk om,mjcif; ruif;aomokudk

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tpodYk
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tpodYk
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---------------
tpodYk
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tpodYk
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k f ,laom a&aygufi,f wpfcEk iS hf wpftikd v
f ;kH &Sd
a&udk EIdif; ,SOfaom Oyrmvm\/
wwd,okwf/ / wwd,okwfrSm jrpfBuD; 5-oG,f&Sda&ESifh
xdjk rpfBu;D 5-oG,rf S xkw,
f t
l yfaom 2-ck 3-ckaom a&aygufi,f
Oyrm vm\/
pwkwo
w
k /f / pwkwo
w
k rf mS 2-ck 3-ckaom a&aygufi,f
udk csev
f yS
f jrpfBu;D 5-oG,&f dS tukef crf;ajcmufav&m useaf om
a&aygufi,f2-ck 3-ckESifh ukefcef;avaom a&pk Oyrmvm\/
yrokwf/ / yrokwfrSm qD;aphcefY&Sdaom ajrvHk;i,f
7-ckESifh r[myx0DajrBuD; Oyrm vm\/
q|rokwf/ / q|rokwfrSm qD;aphcefY&Sdaom ajrvHk;i,f
7-ckudk csefvSyf r[myx0Dajr BuD;ukefav&m usefaom ajrESifh
ukefaom ajrOyrmvm\/
owrokw/f / owrokwrf mS r[mork'& m 4-pif;a&ESihf
xdkrSxkwf ,ltyfaom a&aygufi,f 2-ck 3-ck Oyrm vm\/
t|rokw/f / t|rokwrf mS 2-ck 3-ckaom a&aygufi,fukd
csefvSyf ork'&m 4-pif;a& ukefcef;avaom Oyrm vm\/
e0rokwf/
/ e0rokwfrSm rkefnif;aphcefY&Sdaom
ausmufom;i,f 7-ckESifh ,lZem 3000-&Sdaom [dr0Emawmif
Oyrm vm\/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
147
a'oemawmfpkum;-aomwmywdr*fodkY tqdkufwGif
tem*wf oHo&m cEm'ku terw*w\
Ykd csKyNf ird ;f rIukd y"mejyK
a[mawmfrlaom okwefa'oem pkaywnf;/
wGifa&GUum; <uif;aom'kuESifh csKyfNyD;'kuESifh EIdif;,SOfyHkNyD;\/
----------------cE m csKyf j id r f ; rI r S m ty"mejzpf y H k
a&S;jyqdck aYJ om eda&m"opm\ eda'owdYk udavomwd\
Yk
csKyjf ird ;f jcif;[laom oOyg'daoo edAm efukd y"mejyK a[mawmf
rlonf? ed'ge0*o,
H w
k f okwaf ygif; 10-wdYk um; tusKd ;jzpfaom
cEmwdkY\ csKyfjidrf;jcif;[laom tEkyg'daoo edAmefudk y"mejyK
a[mawmfrlonf/
xdk 2-yg;wdkYwGif eda&m"opm\ eda'owdkYvmaom
udavomwdkY\ csKyfjidrf;rIonfom y"mejzpfonf? cEmwdkY\
csKufjidrf;rIonfum; udavomwdkY\ csKyfjidrf;rIrSm wpfcsufwnf;
wpfvHk;wnf; ygavawmYonf?
xdaYk MumifY tbd"rm ygVdawmfwYkd udavomwku
dY o
kd m r*fjzifY
y,fjcif;iSg xdkufaom ]]y[mwA"r}} wdkY [l a[mawmfrlonf?
tusKd ;cEmwdu
Yk rkd u
l m; r*fjzifyY ,fjcif;iSg rxdu
k af om ]]ty[mwA
"r}}wdkY[l a[mawmfrlonf/
xdkaMumifY pwkopa'oemwdkY eda&m"t&d,opm\
eda'owGif y"mejyK a[mawmfral om udavomwd\
Yk csKyjf ird ;f rI
[laom udavoedAmef[kqdktyfaom oOyg'daooedAmefudk
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
148
eda&m" t&d,opmxdkufaom tocFw"mwf y&rwfedAmefMuD;

r[kwf[k rqdkxdkuf/
aomwmywrd *fcP csKyjf ird ;f Muukeaf om udavomwdo
Yk nf
vnf; b,ftcgrSm jrHKvmvdrfhOD;rnf/ wpfzef jzpfay:vm
vdrfhOD;rnf[k r&SdjyD? tjyD;tqHk; csKyf;jidrf;Muavukef\? tEkyg'd
aooedAmefESifY wpfqufwnf; wpfjyifwnf; waygif;wnf;
wpfckwnf; qufavawmYonf? csKyfjidrf;rItwdkif; terw*
oHo&mESifYtrQ tjrJwnfavawmYonf? b,ftcgrS csKyfjidrf;rI
jrKH jyef oum,'d|d jzpfay:vmjyefonf? 0dpu
d pd m jzpfay: vmjyef
onf[k r&SdjyD? xdkYtwl aomwmywdr*fcP csKyfjidrf;Muav
ukefaom tyg,'ku 0#f'kuonfvnf; aemifwpfzef csKyfjidrf;rI
ysufjyef ay:vmjyefonf[k r&SdukefjyD/
odkYaom csKyfjidrf;jcif;tcGifYudk &jcif;iSg a&mufjcif;iSm
b0rsm;pGm urmrsm;pGm yg&rDw&m;wdkYudk jznfYusifYvm&onf?
wpfb0ESifYvnf; r&Ekdifao;? ra&mufraygufEdkifao;? 2-b0ESifY
vnf; r&Edkif ra&muf Ekdifao;? b0rsm;pGmMumvS aomwmywd
r*fudk&rS &Edkifavonf? aomwmywdr*fodkYa&mufrS a&mufEdkif
avonf/ xdkYaMumifY aomwmyeftjzpfodkY a&mufaomtcg
tcsdKUaomudavomwdkY\ tjyD;csKyfjidrf;rI[laom oOyg'daoo
trnf&aom tocFw"mwf y&rwfeAd m efMu;D odYk wpfpw
d f wpfa'o
tm;jzifY {uE a&mufonfom jzpfownf;/
wpfudk,fvHk;rSm rD;avmif tvGefat;jraom a&&Sdaom
jrpfMuD;wGif; tdkifMuD;wGif;odkY qif;aomolonf urf;em;tp
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
149
vufwpfopfcefY&Sd a&odkYa&mufonfrSp udk,fvHk;jrKyfatmif

qif;av ikyaf v rD;yl tukev
f ;kH jird ;f av&m ud,
k rf mS vufwpf
opfcefYup rD;yljidrf;av\/ wpfudk,fvHk;jidrf;onfESifY wpfquf
wnf; qufrd tjidrf;wpfckwnf; jzpfavouJYodkY rSwfav/
(um;-oOyg'daoo edAmefonfvnf; tocFw"mwf
y&rwftppf trSefjzpf\? xdkedAmefodkYvnf; aomwmyeftjzpfrS
p&\/ a&muf\[kqdkvdkufaom igwkdY\ t,laywnf;? ESpfjcdKuf
&m,lav/)
cEmcsKyfjidrf;rIrSm ty"mejzpfyHkjyD;\/
--------a'G rm bdua0 paomygVdawmfokwf pDppfykH
y&d e d A K w yk * d K vf t jym;
jym;/
/t&m y&deAd m efpjH y;D
jidrf;NyD;-[kqdktyfaom y&dedAKw yk*dKvftjym;udk jyqdkOD;tHh1/
udavomwdkY\ tukefcsKyfjidrf;jcif;-[laom o
Oyg'daoo edAme"mwfjzifY y&dedAmefpHNyD;aom
y&dedAKw 1-yg;/
2/
cEmwdkY\ tukefcsKyfNidrf;jcif;- [laom tEkyg'd
aoo edAm e"mwfjzifh y&deAd m efpNH y;D aom y&edAK w
1-yg;? odkY tm;jzifh 2-yg;&dS\/
xdk 2-yg;wdkYwGif t&[wr*fudk& oOyg'daoo edAme
"mwfjzifh udavoy&deAd m efpNH y;D aom &[Emyk*Kd vu
f v
kd nf; usr;f *ef
wdkY y&dedAKw yk*dKvf-[l vm\? t&d,myk*dKvftjzpfodkY a&muf
vQifyif edAmefudk&onf? edAmefodkYa&mufNyD? &[EmtjzpfodkY
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
150
a&mufvQifyif edAmeff wnfaeNyD/

(um;-t&d,myk*dKvftjzpfodkYa&mufvQifyif edAmefudk&
aomol? edAmefodkYa&mufaomol qdk&aMumif;udk ,kwdOyrmwdkYjzifh
jyqdkcsufwnf;/)
usrf ; *ef w k d Y qd k d k ; /
/ usrf;*efwkdYyif qkddk;qdkpOf
xif&Sm;pGm vm&dSonfudk t>rufjyqdkOD;tHhtEkuru? Mo0g'rSd t[H Xdwm/
tZ*g trwH oE? edAmeH y'rpKwH/ /
(0drme0wK ygVdawmf/)
tZ*gt"d*p/ / if;t|uxm/
t[H=igonf? tEkuru=vl 3-yg;udk oem;awmfrlay
aom? ukov=t&mcyfodrf; twkr&dS vdrmawmfrlaom
jrwf p G m bk & m;\? Mo0g'rS d = Mo0g'? Xd w m-ywd | d w m=wnf &
onfjzpf? tpKwH=a&GUjcif; r&dSaom? trwH=aojcif;uif;aom?
oE=Nidrf;aom? y'H=a&muftyfaom? edAmeH=edAmefudk? tZ*g=&NyD
a&mufNyD/ / (um; teuf/)
(um;- aomwmyef ewforD;\ rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd edAm efoYkd a&muf
aMumif; edAmefudk&aMumif;udk t&Sifarm*vmeftm; avQmufxm;
aom*gxmaywnf;/)
tb,feAd m efukd &oenf;-[ljim;tH?h rdro
d Emef &d
S aeaom
oum,'d|d 0dpdudpmwdkY\ rdrdoEmef csKyfNidrf;jcif;udk udk,fawGU?
PfawGU tawGU 2-rsKd; xif&Sm;&dSayaomaMumifh oOyg'daoo
edAmef-[kqdktyfaom udavoedAmefudkvnf; &\? a&muf\?
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
151
tyg,fcEmwd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f rI 7-b0rStxuf terw* b0cEmwd\
Yk
csKyfNidrf;rI? cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rIonf udavomcsKyfNidrf;rIESifh 2axGrjym; wpfyg;wnf; wpfckwnf;yif jzpfav&um; xdkcEmwkYd\
csKyfNidrf;rItwGufESifh cEedAmefudkvnf; &\? a&muf\/
(um;-aomwmyeftjzpfoaYkd &mufvQiyf if edAm ef&? edAm ef
a&muf qdk&aom om"uygVdwnf;/)
ou'g*grf tem*grfwdkY qdkzG,fr&dS? &[EmtjzpfodkY
a&mufaom yk*Kd vu
f rkd u
I m; t&[wr*fcP y&deAd m efpq
H J yk*Kd v-f
[l qdk ;kd qdpk Ofvm\? t&[wzv
kd o
f Ykd a&mufaomtcg y&ded Ad m ef
pHNyD;- y&dedAKwyk*dKvf [l qdkdk; qdkpOfvm\/
oEd acg a'0gerdE puK0an,sm lyg |m uEm
remyg yd,lyg umrlyoOdw
m &Zeed,m? waO bduK
e tbdeEwd? e tbd0'wd? e taZmom, wd|wd?
w wH e tbd e E a wm e tbd 0 'awm e
taZmom, wd|awm ewH edw
d H 0dnmPH a[mwd?
w'kyg'geH tEkyg'gaem a'0gerdE bduK y&deAd m ,wd/
|jzpfaom tqif;- [laom lygkHudk om,mjcif; pGJvrf;
jcif; &dSaomolonf y&dedAmefrpH? | jzpfaom tqif;- [laom
lygkHudk om,mjcif; pGJvrf;jcif; jywfuif;aomolonf rsuf
arSmufb0yif y&dedAmefpH\? lygkH tjyeftvSef 2-0g&? o'gkH
*EmkH &omkH azm|AmkH "rmkH- wkdYvnf; 2-0g&pD? aygif; 120g&/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
152
avmu tcsKdUaom q&mwkdYonf rsufarSmufyif

Nidrf;Muukef\? tcsKdUaomq&mwdkYonf rNidrf;Muukef? taMumif;
tb,fodkYenf;-[k odMum;rif; avQmufxm;csuf yOoDcewfom;
avQmufxm;csuft& a[mawmfrlaom oVm,we oH,kwfygVd
awmf? (t*kFwdK&f ygVdawmfum;- t&SiftmeEm a[maomt&m
vm\/) ygVdawmfrSm t&[wr*fodkYa&mufaomf Oy'gef jywf
uif;aom yk*Kd vu
f kd y&deAd m ,wd- qdo
k nf/ (y&deAd m ,wd? udavom
rD;Nidrf;\? 0g? udavom y&dedAmefpH\/) (um; teuf/)
(um;- t&[wr*|mefudk y&dedAmefpH yk*dKvfqdk&aom
om"uygVdawmfwnf;/)
edAmef wnfaeaom yk*dKvf/ / &[Emyk*dKvfudkum;
edAm ef wnfaeaomyk*Kd v-f [lvnf;aumif; udavomedAm efjzifh
y&deAd m efpNH y;D aom y&deAd K wyk*Kd v-f [lvnf;aumif;? rsm;pGmvm&d\
S /
uxO yk * a vm Or K Z d w G m wd a P m a[mwd
yg&*Fawmxav wd|wd jAm[aPm/
aomto0geH c,m temo0H apawm0d r k w
ynm0drw
k 'da|m0 "ar o,H tbdnm opu
d wGm OyorZ
0d[&wd? {0Hy*k a vm OrKZw
d mG wdaPm a[mwd yg&*Fawm?
xav wd|wd jAm[aPm/
uxO=tb,fodkYvQif? yk*avm=yk*dKvfonf? OrKZdwGm=
0#fraS y:? wdaPm=ul;ajrmufNy;D rnfonf? yg&*Fawm=edAm efwnf;
[laom urf;wpfzufodkY aygufa&mufNyD; rnfonf? xav=edAmef
wnf;[laom Munf;aomifxuf? wd|wd=wnfaeaom? jAm[-
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
153
aPm=oljrwfrnfonf? a[mwd=jzpfoenf;/
aom=xk d y k * d K vf o nf ? tmo0geH = tmoa0gw&m;wk d Y \ ?
c,m=ukejf cif;aMumif?h temo0H=tmoa0guif;&Si;f aom? apawm
0drw
k = pdw\
f uRwv
f w
G jf cif;udv
k nf;aumif;? ynm0drw
k = ynmjzifh
uRwfvGwfjcif;udkvnf;aumif;? 'da|0"ar=rsufarSmufaom
b0omvQif? o,H=udk,fwdkif? tbdnm=od? opduwGm=rsuf
arSmufjyK? OyorZ=qdkufa&muf? 0d[&wd=ae\? {0H=odkY?
yk*avm=yk*dKvfonf? OrKZdwGm=0#frSay:? wdaPm=ul;ajrmufNyD;
rnfonf? yg&*Fawm=edAmefwnf;[laom urf;wpfzufodkY ayguf
a&mufNyD;rnfonf? xav=edAmefwnf;[laom Munf;aomifxuf
? wd|wd=wnfaeaom? jAm[aPm=oljrwf rnfonf? a[mwd=
jzpf\/
xav wd|wd jAm[aPmwd jAm[aPm xav
wd|wd? 'Day wd|wd? wmaP wd|wd? avaP wd|wd?
y&m,ae wd|wd? o&aP wd|wd edAmae wd|wd/
(r[meda'oygVdawmf/)
odkYvmaom t*kFwdK&f ygVdawmf yk*vynwf ygVdawmf
r[m eda'oygVdawmfrsm;udk axmuf t&[wzv
kd o
f Ykd a&mufNy;D
aom &[Emyk*Kd vu
f kd edAm ef-[laom wpfzufurf;odYk a&mufNy;D aom
yk*dKvf oOyg'daoo edAmeffpHaeaom yk*dKvf-[l usrf;*ef
qdkdk;tpOf&dSaMumif;udk odtyfonf/
&[E m y&d e d A K wyk * d K vf /
/ xdk&[Emyk*dKvfudkyifvQif
oOyg'daoo edAme"mwfjzifh udavo y&dedAmefpHNyD; jzpfonfudk
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
154
tpGJjyK ]]y&dedAKwyk*dKvf}} ac:qdkaom tdk;tpOfonfum;usrf;*efwdkY tvGef rsm;pGmvm\/

'aAm aom y&dedAKawm Xdwawm/
'aAm='A trnf&dSaom? 0g? ynmESifh jynfhpkHaom? aom
t[H=xdik gonf? y&deAd K awm=udavom rD;Nird ;f ayNy?D 0g= y&deAd m ef
pH&NyD;ayNyD? Xdwawm=ra&GUr,dkif cdkifcHhwnfwHhaom oabmodkY
a&mufayNyD?('A rax&f rdrdudk,fudk rdrdqdkaom ygVd teuf/)
'Aax& *gxm &[Emyk*dKvfudk y&dedAKwyk*dKvfqdkonf/
'aEm aom y&dedAKawm Xdwawm/
(bvd,ax& *gxm ygVdawmf/)
0Da&m aom y&dedAKawm Xdwawm/
(0D&ax& *gxm ygVdawmf/)
oDwd blawmod edAKawm/
(&uw
d ax&*gxmygVdawmf/)
aooauerSd edAKawm/
(c@okreax&*gxm ygVdawmf/)
odkY tp&dSojzifh &[EmtjzpfodkY a&mufNyD;aomyk*dKvfudk
oOyg'daooedAm e"mwfjzihf udavoy&deAd m efpNH y;D jzpfayonfEiS hf
y&dedAKw yk*dKvfac:qdkaom tdk;tpOfonf usrf;*efwGif;txif
t&Sm; trsm; tjym;vm&dyS g\? xdrk w
S pfyg;vnf; e0edygwft*kw
F Kd &f
ygVdawmfacry a w m acry a w m wd tm0k a om 0k p w d ?
udwm0wm Ekacg tm0kaom acryawm 0kawm b*
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
155
0wmwd/
"m0kaom 0d0dap0 umar[d 0d0dp tukoav[d
"ar [ d o0d w u H o0d p m&H 0d a 0uZH yXrH psmeH
Oyor Z 0 d [ &wd ? {w m 0wmyd acg tm0k a om
acryawm 0kawm b*0awm y&d,ma,emwd/
tp&dSonfjzifh yxrpsmefudk&aom yk*dKvfrSp eda&m"
ormywfukd 0ifpm;aom yk*Kd vf &[EmtjzpfoYkd a&mufaom yk*Kd vf
wdik af tmif 0g& aygif; 9-0g&? acrywy *k Kd vaf ygif; wpfusyd v
f m\/
(acryawm? ab;uif;&medAmefodkY a&mufaygufNyD;aom yk*dKvfqdk
vdo
k nf/)
xdkacrywyk*dKvf wpfusdyfwGif a&SU 7- a,mufum; 0dure
edAm efoYkd a&mufonf? xkaYd Mumifh ]y&d,ma,e} [k a[mawmfro
l nf?
aemuf 2-a,mufum; tem*grfyk*dKvf &[Emyk*dKvfaywnf;?
eda&m"ormywfESifh oOyg'daoo edAmefodkY a&mufonfudk
]]acryw}} qdkayonf? xdkYaMumifh aemuf0g& ]]edy&d,ma,e}}
[k a[mawmfrlonf/
xdkYtwl ]]trwyawm trwyawmwd tm0kaom 0kpwd}}
csD 0g&aygif; 9? trwywyk*dKvfaygif; wpfusdyfvm\/ /
(trwyawm? tNrdKufedAmefodkY a&mufaomyk*dKvf qdkvdkonf/)
xdkYaemuf ]]tb,yawm tb,yawmwd tm0kaom
0kpwd}} csD0g&aygif;-9? tb,ywyk*dKvfaygif; wpfusdyfvm\/
(tb,yawm=ab;uif;&medAmefodkYa&mufaom yk*dKvf
qdv
k o
kd nf/)
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
156
odv
Yk Qif ygVdawmf edAm efa&muf yk*Kd vaf ygif; 3-usyd v
f m\?
xdk 3-usdyfwGifvnf; 2-usdyf 4-a,mufrSm 0dureedAmefodkY
a&mufonfudk qdkonf? 6-a,mufrSm eda&m"ormywfwnf;
[laom rkcsedAmef oOyg'daooedAme"mwfwnf;[laom rkcs
edAmefodkY a&mufonfudk qdkonf/
0dur e edAm efoYkd a&mufonfuykd if edAm efa&muf yk*Kd v[
f k qdk ;kd
qdkpOf&dSaywNyD;um; orkap? edAmefodkYa&mufaom aomwmyef
yk*dKvf ou'g*grfyk*dKvfwdkYudk edAmefa&mufyk*dKvf[k rqdkoihfbJ
&dyS gacstehH nf;/
onfum; oOyg'daoo edAmefonfvnf; tocFw
"mwfy&rwf tppftrSefjzpf\ [lvnf;aumif;? xkd oOyg'd
aooedAm efoaYkd &mufaom &aomt&d,myk*Kd vpf u
k v
kd nf; edAm ef&f
yk*Kd vf edAm efa&mufy*k Kd v[
f
l vnf;aumif;? qdoifq
h x
kd u
kd af Mumif;
usrf;*efqdkdk;trsm;tjym; xiff&Sm;&dS aMumif;udk jyqdkvdkufaom
igwkdYt,laywnf;/ / ESpfNcdKuf&m ,lMuav/
wGifa&GUum;]]a'Grm}} paom ygVdawmft& pdppfykH NyD;\/
----------O'gef ; ygVd a wmf t & emem0g' jyqd k y k H
,cktcg O'gef;ygVdawmfwdkYudk xkwfjyaytHh/
(u) twd bdua0 tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFwH/
(c) aem apwH bdua0 tb0d tZmwH tblwH
tuwH tocFw?H e ,dp Zmw blw uw
tpodYk
(*)
(u)
(c)
(*)
edAme'DyeD
157
ocFw ed&PH ynma,x/

,om p acg bdua 0 twd tZmwH tblwH tuwH
tocFwH? wom Zmw blw ocFw
ed&PH ynm,wDwd/
bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? tZmwH=rjzpfjcif;onfvnf;?
0g=Zmwd \ csKyf N id r f ; jcif ; onf v nf ; ? tw d = &d S \ ?
tuwH=rjyK &jcif;onfvnf;? 0g=jyKrv
I yk rf \
I uif;Nird ;f
jcif;onfvnf;? twd=&dS\? tocFwH=tzefzef rjyK
&jcif;onfvnf;? 0g=tzeffzefjyKjyifrI[laom ocFg&
'kurS uif;jcif;onfvnf;? twd=&dS\/
bdua0=&[ef;wkYd? {wH tZmwH=rjzpfjcif;onf?
{wH tblwH=rjzpfay:jcif;onf? {wH tuwH=
rjyK&jcif ; onf ? {wH tocF w H = tzef z ef
rjyKjyif&jcif;onf? aemaptb0d=tu,f r&dS
jim;tHh? {0H=odkYr&dScJhonf&dSaomf? "=avmu?
Zmw=jzpfr\
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I ?
ocF w =jyKjyif r I \ ? ed &PH = uRwf v G w f j cif ;
rnfonf? eynma,x=rxifav&m/
bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? ,ompacg=tMuifaMumifhvQif?
tZmwH=rjzpfjcif;onf? twd=&dS\? tblwH=rjzpf
ay:jcif;onf? twd=&dS\? tuwH=rjyK&jcif;onf?
twd=&dS\? tocFwH=tzefzef rjyKjyif&jcif;onf?
twd=&dS\? wom=xdkYaMumifh? Zmw=jzpfjcif;\?
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
158
bl w =jzpf a y:jcif f ; \? uw=jyK&jcif ; \?

ocFw=tzefzefjyKjyif&jcif;\? ed&PH= uRwf
vGwfjcif;onf? ynm,wd=xif\/ (um;teuf/)
igwdkYt,l/
/ ygVdawmf igwdkY\t,ludk a&S;OD;pGm
jyqdt
k -hH ]]t0dZm yp,m ocFg&m? ocFg&yp ,m 0dnmPH}} tp&daS om
tEkavmr y#dporkyg'fa'oemawmfESifhtnD t0dZm[laom
taMumif;w&m;xif &Sm;&dScJhonf&dSaomf ocFg&wdkYonf {uEjzpf
ukef\? ocFg&wdkYonf xif&Sm; &dScJhonf&dSaomf 0dnmOfonf {uE
jzpf\? 0dnmOfonf xif&Sm;&dScJhonf&dSaomf emrf kyfonf {uE
jzpf\? odkY tp&dSonfjzifh tvkH;pkHaomaw bkru 0#fw&m;
wdo
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d u
Ykd kd jzpfay:atmif aus;Zl;jyKEidk af om taMumif;w&m;
xif&mS ;&daS eorQ umvywfv
f ;Hk terw* b0oHo&m jzpfay:
om aeukef\/
(um; Zmw blw uw ocFw vrf;aywnf;/)
tocFwvrf;/
/ ]]t0dZmeda&m"m ocFg&eda&m"m?
ocFg&eda&m"m 0dnmPeda&ma"m}} tp&dSaom y#davmr y#dp
orkyg'fa'oemawmfESifhtnD tMuiftcg 0dZmPfudk&atmif
tm;xkwf 0dZmPfudk &\? xkdtcg t0dZmonf t<uif;r&dS
ukeq
f ;Hk csKyNf ird ;f \? t0dZm r&do
S nf&aSd omf ocFg&wdo
Yk nf rjzpfuek Nf y?D
ocFg& r&daS omaMumifh 0dnmOfrjzpfNy?D 0dnmOf r&daS omaMumifh emrf
kyf rjzpfNy?D odYk tp&daS omjzifh tvk;H pkaH om awbkru
0#fw&m;
wko
dY nf rdrw
d u
dYk kd jzpfay:atmif aus;Zl;jyKEidk af om taMumif;w&m;
t<uif;tuserf &dS csKyaf ysmufu,
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f ;Hk cJo
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(um; tZmw tblw tuw tocFw vrf;aywnf;/)
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
159
Zmw tZmwoabm/
/ odkYvQif awbkru
0#fw&m;wdkYtm; rdrdudk jzpfay:atmif xlaxmifay;Ekdifaom
taMumif;w&m;&dSaecJhvQif {uE jzpfay:jcif;wnf;[laom Zmw
oabmvnf;&dS\? rdrdudk jzpfay:atmif xlaxmif ay;Edkifaom
taMumif;w&m; r&dScJhvQif {uErjzpfbJ aejcif;[laom tZmw
oabmvnf;&dS\/
odkYvQif awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkYtm; Zmw oabm
wpfckom&dSonfr[kwf? tZmwoabmvnf; {uef&dS\[k jy
awmfrljcif;iSmtwd bdua0 tZmwH tblwH tuwH tocFwH/
[l a[mawmfrlonf/
bdua0=&[eff;wkdY? "rmeH=awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkYtm;?
tZmwH=tjzpfNidrf;jcif; Zmwfodrf;jcif;rnfonf? twd=&dSonfom
vQifwnf;/ / (aemufyk'fwdkY a&S;twdkif; teufay;av/)
rjzpf[laom tZmwoabmxm;rSd? jzpf[laom Zmw
oabm wpfckonfom SdcJhjim;thH? ow0gwdkY\ oEmef avmb
onf tjrjJ zpfaom ae&m\? rjzpfaomtcg rjzpfaomtcdu
k [
f
l
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aomtcdkuf[l rSd&m? arm[onf tjrJjzpfom ae&m\?
rjzpfaomtcg rjzpfaomcdkuf[l rSd&m/
tu,f rjzpf[laom tZmwoabmrSd? jzpf-[laom
Zmw oabmwpfco
k m Sjd im;th?H t0dZmonf terw* oHo&mESihf
trQ ow0gwdkYoEmef wpf&HrpJ tjrJjzpfom aeav&m\?
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
160
rjzpfaomtcg rjzpfaom tcdkuf[l rSdav&m? t0dZmonf

wpf&HrpJ tjrJjzpfom aecJhaomf ukodkvf tukodkvf apwem
wnf;[laom ocFg&wdkYonfvnf; oHo&mESifhtrQ wpf&HrpJ tjrJ
jzpfom aeukef&m\? ocFg&jzpf aecJhvQifvnf; 0dnmOfonf
oHo&m tjrJjzpfom aeav&m\? xdkodkY jzpfaecJhonfSdaomf
awbkru 0#fw&m;wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif; uRwfvGwfjcif;rnfonf
wpf&HwpfqpfrQ rSdav&m/
wpf e nf ; / / awbkru w&m;wdkYtm; rjzpfjcif;[laom
tZmw oabmrSd? jzpfjcif;[laom Zmwoabmwpfckwnf;om
Sjd im;tH?h tukov
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aem apwH bdua0 tb0d tZmwH tblwH
tuwH tocFwH? e,d" Zmw blw wu
ocFw ed&PH ynma,x/
[l a[mawmfrlonf/
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oabm wpfco
k mSo
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vnf; {uefpifppf So
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
161
oHo&m0#fw&m;wkdYonf rjzpfjcif;[laom tZmwoabmodkY

a&mufMuavukef\? csKyfNidrf;Muavukef\? uRwfvGwfMuav
uke\
f /
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,omp acg bdua0 twd tZmwH tblwH tuwH
tocF w H ? wo m Zmw bl w uw
tocFw ed&PH ynm,wd/
tZmwH=tjzpfNird ;f jcif; Zmwford ;f jcif; qko
d nfum; y&rw
toFcw r[medAm efMu;D yifwnf;/ (tblw-H yk'v
f nf; tZmwHy'k Ef iS hf
teufwl\/) / /tuwH=awbkru 0#f'kuwdkYudk jyKjcif;rS
uif;Nidrf;jcif;onf? twd=Sd\? tocFwH=awbkru 0#f'kuwdkYudk
tzefzef jyKjyif&jcif;[laom ocFg&'kurS uif;vGwfjcif;onf?
twd=Sd\/ (r[medAmefMuD;qdkaom pum;csnf;yif/)
(um; twd bdua0 tZmwH [laom okwefygVdawmf
igwdkY\tBudKufjzpfaom teuft"dyg,faywnf;/)
q&mwd k Y t ,l / / tvGefodrfarGUaom Zmwdjzifh edAmef\
jzpf ay:jcif;udk tvdk MdS uukeaf om q&mwdo
Yk nfum; xdyk gVdawmfrmS
xdkteuf t"dyg,frsKd;udk r,lMuukef? edAmefrSm awbkru ocFw
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awmfr
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tZmwH/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
162
[laom t|uxmygXfvnf;
1/ taMumif;w&m;wd\
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r[kwf tZmw/
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w&m; r[kwf tblw/
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zGifhqdkojzifh taMumif;ESifh ruif;rl jzpfaom w&m;omwnf;
[laom teufudk,lMuukef\/
igwdkYt,l/ / jrwfpGmbk&m; tvdkawmftm;jzifh jzpfjcif;
[lorQonf taMumif;ESifh ruif;&um; taMumif;w&m;aMumifh
jzpfonf[laom jzpfwpfrsdK;/
ta[wku'd|d t"dpo
rkyE u
d 'd|d wdYk tvdt
k m;jzifh cyford ;f
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
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t|uxm q&mjyqdkawmfrlonf/
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f ? q&mwd,
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igwdkYt,l/ / oum,'d|d\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;odkY ra&mufao;
aom olonf txufukd b0*f atmufukd r[mt0Dp?d rQavmuf
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tpodYk
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164
vnf;r&Sd? qGJudkifwG,fwmp&mvnf;r&Sd? pkwdrS y#doaE tul;wGif

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f k axmuf&m
wnf&mXmevnf;r&S/d
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wpfcw
k pfcak om cEmysuq
f ;kH y#doaE vSr;f urf;&m tcGihf
rSm b0*frS r[mt0Dpw
d ikd af tmif aumif;uif[if;vif; acsmufwiG ;f
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vGepf mG aMumufvefjY cif; jzpfMuukeaf om olwrYkd mS atmufoYkd us
roGm;bJtNrJ xm0& pdwfcs&aom axmuf&m wnf&m Xme
onfum; b0*wdtm;jzifh wpfpHkwpfckrQ r&Sd/
"r*wdtm;jzifhum;/ / udavom\ csKyfNidrf;rI wpfckom
&Sd\? rdrdwdkY oEmef tpOfyg&Sdaeaom udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI
[laom tcGix
hf ;l pcef;xl;odYk qdu
k af &mufMuukerf o
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rusbJ tNrx
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hf kd &Muavuke\
f ? udavom
wdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif; cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;jcif;[laom tcGifhxl;rS
wpfyg;xdkusrS vGwfNidrf;&efaxmuf&m wnf&m udk;uG,f&mXme
[l wpfpHkwpfckrS r&SdNyD/
udavomwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI cEmwdkY\ csKyfNidrf;rI[laom
oabmw&m; 1-yg;onfom atmufoYkd usjcif;udk y,f&mS ;jywfuif;
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
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apEdik af om oabm trSejf zpfay\? odaYk om axmuf&m wnf&m

"r*w xif&Sm;&Sdonfudk ]]twd bdua0 w'g,weH}} [la[m
awmfrlonf/
(um; igwdkYt,laywnf;? ESpfNcdKuf&m,lav/)
wGifa&GUum; O'gef;ygVdawmft& emem0g'jyqdkyHkNyD;\/
---------------uxm0w K ygVd a wmf t &-emem0g'jyqd k y H k
,cktcg tbd"rmuxm0wK ygVdawmfudk jyqdktHh 1/ orm0g'Dq&m tar; rdpm0g'Dq&m tajz/
2/ rdpm0g'Dq&m tar; orm0g'Dq&m tajz-odkY
orm rdpm? tar; tajz tjyeftvSefvmonf/
y&dedAKawm yk*avm twwrSdwd? tmrEm/
y&dedAKawm yk*avm oawmwd? e a[0H 0waA/
(tar;-orm? tajz-rdpm/ )
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yk*avm=yk*dKvfonf? twrSd=edAmef? 0g=kyfemrfcEmuG,faysmuf
&m/ tw=d use&f
dS ae&pfoavm? wd=um;tar;? tmrEm=
usef&Sd ae&pfonfrSefyg\/ / (um; tajz/ )
rdpmq&mum;- yk*dKvfrnfonf y&dedAmefrpHrDuyif tpOf
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aMumifY ]]tmrEm}} [k ajzqdkonf/

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tajz/)
rdpm q&monf rdrt
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ed*[H}} tp&SdonfjzifY ormq&mu MudwfESdyfaom pum;wdkYonf
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y&dedAKawm yk*avm eww rSd wd? tmrEm/
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(tar;- rdpm? tajz-orm/)
y&dedAKawm=udavomrD; cEmrD; csKyfjidrf;jyD[laom/
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tpodYk
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jywfawmuf uG,af ysmufomG ;[l/ e0waA=rqdo

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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
168
yuwduyif yk*dKvf ow0g Sd\-[k ,laom olwdkYrSmom

edAmef tpHwGif jywfoGm;onf[k ,lvQif Oap''d|d jzpfonf?
jywfroGm; edAm ef tjrw
J nf
dS aeonf[,
k v
l Qif ow'd|d
jzpfonf/
yuwduyif yk*Kd vf ow0g [lrS?d kyf emrf oufoufom
So
d nf-[k ,laom olwrYkd mS oHo&mpufjywfav\? kyf emrf tquf
jywfav\-[k ,l Oap''d|d rjzpf? orm'd|dom jzpfownf;/
(um;-igwdkY\ t,laywnf;/)
q&mwku
Yd m; / / ygVdawmfukd axmufvQiyf if y&deAd m ef
pH&mwGif t<uif;tusef tquftvufrSd? tukefjywfawmuf
wkp tbm0odYk a&muf oGm;onfqcdk v
hJ Qif Oap''d|d jzpfonf[k
,lukef\? oifhjrwf&m ,lMuavukef/
y&deAd K wyk*Kd vf rSyd /kH / edAm ef edAm ef oufoufomSo
d nf?
edAm efcsr;f om cHpm; pHpm;ae&aom y&deAd K w yk*Kd v[
f
l edAm ef
rSad Mumif;udu
k m;- uxm0wK ygVdawmfrmS yif txyfxyf vmyg\?
vmyHu
k m;uvsmPygyumeH ur m eH 0d y gaum Oy
vAwDwd uvsmP ygyumeH urmeH 0dygu
y#doHa0'D OyvAwDwd? tmrE/
ed A m eH OyvA w D w d ed A m e y#d o H a 0'D
OyvAwDea[0H 0waA/
tmyg,duH 'kuH OyvAwDwd tmyg,d-u
'ku y#doHa0'D OyvAwDwd? tmrEm/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
169

OyvAwDwd? ea[0H 0waA/
ae&,duH 'kuH OyvAwDwd ae&,dum
'ku y#doHa0'D OyvAwDwd? tmrE/
OyvAwDwd? ea[0H 0waA/
0dygaum tww
D d 0dygu y#doaH 0'D tww
D ?d
tmrEm/
edAmeH twDwd edAme y#doHa0'D twDwd?
ea[0H 0waA/
rd p m q&mum;/
/ ukodkvfuH tukodkvfuH-[l
Sad omaMumifh xku
d w
H \
Ydk tusK;d udk cHpm; pHpm;aom yk*Kd vo
f nf\
dS [k,o
l nf/
ormq&mum;/
/ edAm efonfom S
d edAm efcsr;f omukd
cHpm; pHpm;aeaom y&dedAKw yk*dKvfrSdonfudk xkwfjy
xkdrpm0g'udk y,fawmfrlonf/
uvsmPygyumeH urmeH= aumif;rIuH raumif;rIuHwdkY\?
0dygaum=tusK;d ud?k OyvAw=d &tyf\? wd=xkaYkd Mumif?h edAm e=
edAmefudk? y#doHa0'D=cHpm; pHpm;aom y&dedAKwyk*dKvfudkvnf;?
OyvAwd= &tyfoavm? wd=um;-ormtar;/
tmrEm=&tyf\/ wd=um;- rdpmtajz/
edAmeH=edAmefudk? OyvAwd=&tyf\? wd=xkdYaMumifh?
edAme=edAmefudk? y#doHa0'D=cHpm; pHpm;aom y&dedAKwyk*dKvf
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
170
udkvnf;? OyvAwd= &tyfoavm? wd=um;-ormtar;/

{0H=odYk &tyf\-[l? e 0waA=rqdt
k yf? wd=um;rdpmtajz/
edAm efcsr;f omudk cHpm; pHpm;aeaom y&deAd K wyk*Kd v-f [l
edAmef rSd-[laom t,ludkum;- rdpmq&monf ormq&m
ESifhxyf wl,l\/ (aemufygVdwdkYvnf; enf;wl odav/)
wGifa&GUum;-uxm0wK ygVdawmft&-emem0g'jyqdkyHkjyD;\/
-------cE o H , k w f y gVd a wmf t &- emem0g'jyqd k y k H
um;- uxm0wK ygVdawmfvmaom ]]OpdaEm]] [laom
yk'Ef iS hf pyfvsO;f cEo,
H w
k f ygVdawmfrmS vmaom ,ruokw\
f
t"dyg,fudk jyqdkaythHcDPmoa0g bduK um, ab'g OZd w
?d 0dewd?
e a[mwd y&H r&Pm/
(,ru &[ef;\ rdpmt,l )
cDPmoa0g=ukefcef;NyD;jzpfaom tmoa0gSdaom? bduK=
&[Emonf? um,=udk,fcEm\? ab'g=ysufpD;csKyfqkH;onfrS?
y&H=aemuf? OpdZwd=jywfav\? 0dewd=uG,faysmufav\?
r&Pm=aoonfrS? y&H=aemuf? ea[mwd=rjzpfNyD/ (um;teuf/)
&[ef;onf yk*dKvf-[l t[kwfSd\? ow0g-[l
t[kwfSd\? &[Emyk*dKvf-[l t[kwfSd\? [k ,laomaMumihf
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
171
raorD xifSm;Sdaeaom &[Emyk*dKvfonf cEy&dedAmefpHaom

tcg Op d E j zpf oG m ;\-[k rd p m t,l j zpf a v\? xd k t ,l u d k
uRwv
f w
G af pjcif;iSm tSio
f m&dyw
k & m ppfaq;awmfral om w&m;
tcsuu
f kd MuyfMuyf pOf;pm;MuygvQif ,ru &[ef;,lyHk tjcif;t&m
vnf; xifSm;vdrfhrnf? uRwfvGwfykHvnf; xifSm;vdrfhrnf/
tar;/ ighSif ,ru&[ef;? kyf a0'em onm ocFg
0dnmOf[laom cEm 5-yg;onf edp-avm? tedp
avm? ar;awmfrl\/
tajz/ tedp-yg[k avQmuf\/
tar;/ tedprsdK; pifppfjzpfaom cEm 5-yg;onf okcrsdK;
avm? 'kursdK;avm/
tajz/ 'kursdK;yg[k avQmuf\/
tar;/ 'kur sKd ; pifpf pfjzpfaom cEm 5-yg;onf ig\ ud,
k -f
[k odrf;ydkufjcif;iSm xdkufaom? twrsdK; [kwf\
avm/
tajz/ r[kwfyg-[k avQmuf\/
tar;/ 'ku rsdK; pifppfrSefonftwGuf ig\udk,f[k odrf;
ydu
k v
f u
kd af om twrsKd ;r[kwaf om xdck Em 5-yg;udk
yk*dKvf ow0g[k ,lxdkufrnfavm/
tajz/ r,lxdkufyg [k avQmuf\/
tar;/ cEm 5-yg;onf yk*dKvf ow0gr[kwf? yk*dKvf
ow0g wpfjcm;? cEm 5-yg; wpfjcm;? xdkcEm 5yg; yk*dKvf ow0g wnf aeonf[lvnf;
tpodYk
tajz/
tar;/
tajz/
tar;/
tajz/
edAme'DyeD
172
aumif;? cEm 5-yg;rS tvGwf wnf aeonf

[lvnf;aumif; ,lxdkufrnfavm/
r,lxdkufyg [k avQmuf\/
cEm 5-yg;onfvnf; yk*dKvf ow0gr[kwf? cEm
5 yg;rS tvGwyf *k Kd vf ow0g[lvnf;rS?d xdo
k Ykd
yk*Kd vf ow0g[l trSet
f m;jzifh rSo
d nfom pif
ppfjzpfygvQif &[Em yk*dKvfaovQif jywf\ [k
oif,ljcif;onf oifhavsmfygrnfavm ar;awmf
rl&mrvdrm ,lrdygonf? ,ckrSm tSifa[maom
w&m;udk Mum;em& xdkrdpmt,lvnf; aysmuf
uif;ygNyD? opm 4-yg;w&m;udkvnf; odygNyD [k
avQmufav\/
wpfzef &[Em yk*Kd vaf ovQif todjYk zpfoenf; [k
olwpfyg;wdu
Yk oiht
f m;ar;chaJ omf todaYk jym rnf
enf; [k ar;awmfrljyef\/
cEm 5-yg;onf tedprsdK;om trSefjzpf\? tedp
rsdK;[lorQonf 'kursdK; trSefjzpf\? &[Emyk*dKvf
[lyif rSad v&um; &[Emyk*Kd vf aoonf[
l
vnf; rSd? aoonfrS aemuf jywfonf[l
vnf;aumif;? rjywf [lvnf;aumif; qdkcGifhrSd?
'kur sKd ;trSejf zpfaom cEm 5-yg;onfom csKyaf v
\? uG,faysmufjcif;odkY a&mufav\ [l ajzyg
rnf[k avQmufav\/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
173
tSifom&dykw&mum; om"k om"k ac:awmfrl\/

vdk&if;t"dyg,f/
/ odkY ppfwrf;xkwfawmfrlcsufudk
jrifojzifh cEm 5-yg; tedptcsufudk rjrif yk*dKvf ow0g
[laom tw'd|djzpf&onf? tw'd|djzpf&if;SdaomaMumifh &[Em
yk*dKvfonf aovQifjywf\[laom Oap''d|d jzpf&onf/
tedptcsufudkjrifvQif 'kutcsufudk jrif\? 'kutcsufudk
jrifvQif tewtjzpfudk jrif\? tewtjzpfudk jrifvQif tw'd|d
yk*'d|daysmuf uif;\? tw'd|d aysufuif;vQif &[Emyk*dKvf[l
t[kwftm;jzifh rSdaMumif;udk jrif\? &[Emyk*dKvf[l t[kwf
rSad Mumif;udk jrifvQif aoonfrS aemuf jywf\[laom 'd|o
d nf
aysmufuif;av\? e*dkuyif &[Emyk*dKvf[l t[kwfSdrSom
aovQifjywfonf rjywfonf[k jzpfcGifhSdonf? t[kwfrSdygbJ
t[kwfSdjyK aovQifjywfonf[k ,lvQif Oap''d|d? rjywff[k
,lvQif ow'd|d jzpfavonf? yk*dKvf ow0g[lonf wpfb0
vk;H rS wpfa,mufom[k ,lonf b0tqufqufuykd if wpfa,muf
wnf;om [k,lonf/
cEm 5-yg;onfrlum; rsufawmifwpfcwftwGif;rSmyif
tBurd f wpf&mru topf ta[mif; ajymif;vJ\? xdaYk Mumifh cEm
5-yg;onf vlwdkYrSwf,laom yk*dKvfow0g [laom edp tvm;
r[kw?f rsuaf wmifwpfcwftwGi;f rSmyif tBurd w
f pf&mru aysmuf
qk;H aeaom tedpw
&m;om jzpf\? cEm 5-yg;tjyif wpfpw
Hk pfck
rQr&dS? xdkuJhodkY taysmuftysuf tajymif;tvJjrefvSaom cEm
5-yg;onf arG;jrLaqmif&Gufaomoltm; rsm;pGmaom 'kuudkay;
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
174
Edik \
f ? rsm;pGmaom 'kuu
akd y;aom w&m;pkukd ig\tw [k rodr;f
ydu
k x
f u
kd /f
tw[lonfum;/ / pGJvrf;aom rdpmpdwf&dSrS tw[k
&dSonf? pGJvrf;aom rdpmpdwfr&dSvQif tw [lr&dS? twr&dS
vQifvnf; yk*dKvf ow0g[l xifrSwfzG,fr&dS? yk*dKvf ow0g
[lr&dSvQif yk*dKvffaoonf &Sifonf? ow0gonf &Sifonf
[lyifr&dS? aoonf &Sifonf[l r&dSvQif aovQifjywfonf
rjywfonf [kr&dS? xdkodkY r&dS bJvsuf t&dSjyK ,lcJhvQif Oap''d|d
o'd|djzpf\? r*fvrf;zdkvfvrf;rS zDvmjzpf\? xdk t,l&dSaevQif
r*f zkdvfudk rqdkxm;bd? 0dyemPfrQyif rodEdkifNyD? bk&m;ESifh
awGU&aom ol? w&m;ESihf awG&Y aomol omoemESihf awGU&aomol
[l rqdkxdkufNyD/ owd&dSMuavukef/
um; - ,ruokwf ygVdawmft& igwdkY\ t,laywnf;/
q&mwd k Y u m;/ / ,ruokwfudk axmufyifvQif
&[Emyk*dKvf aovQif jywf\ [k,laomolwdkYtm; Oap''d|d
jzpf&m\? rjywf[k,lrS Oap''d|d vGwfuif;&monf [kt,l&dSMu
ukef\/ / oifhjrwf&mudk,lMuavukef/
rQavmufaom okwef tbd"rmygVdawmfBuD;wdkYudk
xkwjf y tmp&d,0g'ESiw
hf uG ae&mwus &Si;f vif; jyvdu
k o
f jzifh
<uif;useforQaom ygVdawmft&yf&yfwdkYrSmvnf; ae&mwus
odEdkifMuukef &mNyD jzpf &[Emyk*dKvfwdkY\ cEmcsKyfNidrf;rIESihf
pyfvsOf;aom <uif;usefaom okwef ygVdawmf tbd"rmygVdawmf
wdkYudk rjyrqdkNyD/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
175
tzGio
hf 0H Pemudk pD&ifMuukeaf om t|uxmq&m txuf
#Dumq&mwdu
Yk m; tvGeq
f ef;Mu,faom oabmPf &daS wmfrMl u
ukefonfjzpf tvGefqef;Mu,fpGm zefwD; zGifhawmf rlMuukef\?
,ckumv t"dyg,fvdk&if; tusOf;csKyftcsufudk odEdkif&ef Pf
teufteJvMkd u xdt
k |uxm #DumwdpYk um; t,l0g' taxG
tjym; rsm;Muavukef\? aemufjzpf #Dumusrf *EE&usrf;wdkYrSm
vnf; oifh roifu
h kd csichf sed pf Of;pm;zG,f tvGerf sm;jym;\? bk&m;a[m
ygVdawmf&if;rsm;udk tESUH tjym; tm;xkwf MuzH ef
f bk&m;tvdak wmf
udk tawmf tavsmf MurH d odrd &daS om olwrYkd o
S m txuf usr;f wdYk
tqef;wMu,f zGiq
hf Mkd u&mrSmvnf; y"metusO;f vd&k if;teufukd
tcsuu
f s ,lEikd u
f ek &f monf? aemufjzpfusr;f *efwrYkd mS vnf; ,kwm
,kwd&dS r&dSudk a&G;aumuf Edkdifukef&monf/
xdkYaMumifh edAmeuxm0,f t|uxm #Dum *EE&
pum;wdkYudk rsm;pGmrjyrl bk&m;rkcygXf &[EmwdkY\ rkcygXf ygVd
awmf&if;wdkYudkom xkwfaqmif&Sif;vif; edAmeff\ tjcif;t&mudk
xifvif;pGm jyqkdvdkufayonf/
wGifa&GUum;
cE,kwfygVdawmft& emem 0g'jyqdkykHNyD;\/
-------tcsKd U usrf ; tvd k xk w f q d k & S i f ; vif ; csuf
,cktcg xdkxdk ygVdawmftpdwf? t|uxm #Dumtpdwf?
*EE& tpdwfwdkYudk tenf;i,frQ xkwfjy &Sif;vif;OD;tHh/
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
176
,xmyp,H [d y0wdrwar0 ,'d'H obm0 "arm emr/

(#Dumausmf/)
,'d'-H a,mt,H obm0"arm emr? tMuif y&rw oabm
w&m; rnfonf? twd=&dS\? aom=xkdy&rwoabmw&m;rnf
onf? ,xm-yp,H=taMumif;tm;avQmfpGm? y0wdrwar0=jzpf
jcif;trlt&mrQomvQifwnf;/ (um;teuf/)
oaAyd [d"rm wH wH Mu,
d mrwm0 a[mE?d e awok
'AH 0g oPmeH 0g 0d*a[m 0g OyvAwd/
(oN*K[ftzGifh y&rw'DyeD#Dumopf/)
[d opH=rSef\? oaAyd=tvkH;pkHvnf;jzpfukefaom? "rm=
y&rw oabm w&m;wdo
Yk nf? wH wH Bu,
d mrwm0=xdx
k kd BujH cif;
odjcif; awGUxdjcif;tp&daS om trlt&mrQwo
Ydk nfomvQi?f a[mE=d
jzpfuek \
f ? awok=xdyk &rw w&m;wkdY ? 'A0H g= txnfj'Afuv
kd nf;
aumif;? oPmeH0g=oPmefuv
dk nf;aumif;? 0d*a [m0g= taumif
txnfukdvnf;aumif;? eOyvAwd=r&tyf/ (um;-teuf/)
t"dym,fum;/ / rSefxJrSmxifaeaom vl&dyf rsufESm
&dyfrsm;onf rsufjriftm;jzifh vlyuwd rsufESmyuwd xif&\?
tom;xkw
f ,ljcif;iSm rlum; tEkjrLrQ ,lp&m &p&mr&d?S tvGef
MunfvSpGmaom a&xJrSm xif aomvl&dyf ae&dyf v&dyf wdrf&dyf
opf&dyfwdkYonf rsufjriftm;jzifh vlyuwdponf xif&ukef\?
tom;xkwf ,ljcif;iSmrlum; tEkjrLrQ ,lp&m &p&mr&dS/
ocFwy&rwf/ / twl pdw[
f al om y&rw w&m;onf
vnf; MuHrI odrI Bud,m trlt&mrQomwnf;? ow0g teE
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
177
wd\
Yk pdwu
f kd tukev
f ;Hk udk aygif;pkaomfvnf; tEkjrLrQ tBuw
d t
f cJ
&p&mr&dS/ (apwoduf a'GynmowdkYudk enf;twdkif;odav/)
kyf 28-ckwkdY yx0D[laom ajr"mwfonfvnf; y&rwf
oabmtm;jzifh cufrmrI El;nHhrI? cufrmjcif;Bud,m El;nHhjcif;
Bud,m? cufrmaom trlt&m? El;nHhaomtrlt&mrQomwnf;?
tPkjrLrQ ,lp&m &p&m r&dS? odkYaomfvnf; kyfw&m;rsKd;jzpfay
tuka#ru pkaygif;rdMuvQif tEkjrLrQ ponf jzpfvm\? <uif;aom
a&"mwff rD;"mwf av"mwfwdkYudkvnf; enf; twdkif; odav?
<uif;aomOyg'gkyf 24-ckwdkYonfum; b,frQavmufyif aygif;pk
aomvnf; txnf 0wK tPkjrLrQ &aumif;aom kyrf [kwMf uuke/f
odkYvQif pdwf apwodwf [laom emrfw&m; 2-rsKd;onf
tuka# ruyif aygif;pkaomfvnf; txnf0wK [l tPkjrLrQ
r&xdkuf? a& ajr rD; av[laom kyf"mwfBuD; 4-yg;wdkYwGif
wpfyg;yg;onfvnf; y&rw obm0 oufouftm;jzifh txnf0
wK[l tPkjrLrQr&xdkuf? Oyg'gac:aom kyfao;wdkYrSm qdkzG,f
&mr&d/S
edAmefac:aom csKyfNidrf;rI csKyfNidrf;jcif; Bud,m csKyfNidrf;jcif;
trlt&monfru
l m; jzpfay:aom trlt&mrsK;d yif r[kw?f tpOfjzpf
ay:aeaom pdwf apwoduf kyfw&m;wdkY\ tjzpfNidrf;rI Zmwf
odr;f rI aysmufu,
G rf I csKyq
f ;Hk rIom jzpfay wvlvl jzpfay:aom
pdwf apwoduf emrfw&m;wdkYxuf tq todef; toef;ru
odrfarGUvS\? pdwf apwoduf kyf[laom ocFw y&rwfrsKd;wdkYrSm
wpfvv
l l wpfzmG ;zGm; jzpfay:aom taetm;jzihf xif&mS ;&dMS uuke\
f /
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
178
tocFwy&rwf/ / edAm ef[al om tocFwy&rwfrsK;d rSm

xko
d cFwy&rwfrsK;d wd\
Yk tjzpfNird ;f jcif; Zmwford ;f jcif;[laom oEd
taetm;jzifh xif&mS ;&daS y\? xdt
k jzpfNird ;f rI Zmwford ;f rIukd r&d[
S
l
qdck jhJ im;th?H avmu 3-yg;udavomwd\
Yk tjzpfNirfd ;f rI Zmwford ;f rI
[l r&daS v&m? udavomwd\
Yk tjzpfNird ;f rI Zmwford ;f rI[
l r&du
S
vnf; bk&m;[l r&dS&m/
ocF w y&rwf B ud , m/
/ rQaom pum;&yfwdkYjzifh
tvkH;pkHaom y&rw"rrsKd; [lorQonf t[kwftrSeftm;jzifh
txnf0wK [l tPkjrLrQ r&dSMu? trIrQoufouf Bud,mrQ
oufouf tjcif;t&mrQ oufoufom jzpfMu\? xdkodkY Bud,mrQ
oufouf jzpfMuaomfvnf; ocFwy&rwf Bu,
d mrsK;d wdrYk mS jzpfay:
aom Budw,mrsKd;aywnf;/
tocFwy&rwfBud,m/ / tocFw y&rwfBud,mrSm
xko
d cFwBu,
d mwd\
Yk csKyNf ird ;f rI aysmufu,
G rf u
I kd Bu,
d mqdak yonf?
xkdYaMumifh edAmef[laom tocFw Bud,mrsKd;onf y&rwoabm
tm;jzihf xif&Sm;&dS\avm? r&dSavm[k &SmMuHvdkvQif ocFw Bud,m
rsK;d taeESifh r&SmMut
H yf? udavomtjzpfNird ;f rI[
l {uE&\
Sd avm?
cEmtjzpfNidrf;rI [l {uE&dS\avm[k&SmMuH&rnf/
avmu 3-yg; bk&m; yapuAk'g t&d,m[l &dSrIudk
,kMH unfcv
hJ Qif udavomwd\
Yk tjzpfNird ;f rI Zmwford ;f rIvnf; {uE
&dSoifhayonf? &dSxdkufayonf[k ,kHMunfav;jrwf odjriftyf\?
xdo
k Ykd odjrifro
I nfum; ypuo
d 'd|od rsK;d r[kw?f tEkrme odrQom
wnf;? rdrdoEmefrSm &dSaeaom udavomwdkY\ rdrdoEmefrSm
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
179
csKyfNidrf; oGm;onfudk udk,fawGU'd|odjrif&aom olwdkYrSmom

ypuod 'd|odrsKd;ESihf odEdkif jrifEkdifMuukefonf/
tcsKdUaom olwdkYonfum; udavomwkdY\ tjzpfNidrf;rI
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edAme'DyeD
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edAme'DyeD
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edAme'DyeD
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edAme'DyeD
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edAme'DyeD
188
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
189
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edAme'DyeD
190
xdktom;\ yGm;jynfhNzdK;jcif;udkom tvdk&Sd\? tom;EkwufayNyD[k0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om&S\

d ? yd;k avmufi,fwYkd udu
k
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yd;k avmufwu
Ykd kd tukejf rifav\? xdt
k cgrS oJwek f tlwek f aMumuf
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xdkydk;avmufwdkY raysmufbJ wm&SnfaecJhvQif twGif;a& twGif;
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2/ ydk;avmufi,fwdkYESifh puKyom'kyfpkwl\/
3/ yg'&ufrsufpdESifh yuwdaom ykxkZOf\ Pfrsufpd
wl\/
4/ t0dZmESifh yg'&ufcdk;pkwl\/
5/ rSefbD;vl;udk pD&ifaomq&mESifhbm0em 40-udk a[m
awmfrlaom t&Sifom&dykw&m r[max&fBuD; wl\/
6/ rSefbD;vl;MuD;ESifh tedp0dZmPf 'ku0dZmPf
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tcg igjrifonf[k xifrw
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
191
&Sifaom twZD0[k pGJvrf;rIwl\/

8/ rSefbDvl;ESifh MunfhaomtcgrS rdrd\ tom;r[kwf?
touf\ tE&m,fukd jyKEikd af om yd;k avmufawG w&G&G
jrif&avonfESifh aAm"dyud,w&m;udk yGm;rsm;ojzifh
tedp0dZmPf 'ku0dZmPf tew0dZmPfESifh
rdrd\puKudk MunfhIaomtcgrS rdrdudk,f[krSwf
xifpv
JG rf; p&mr&Sad om cPcsi;f cPcsi;f jzpfrI ysurf I
w&G&Gaeaom puK"mwfi,fwdkYudk jrif&rIwl\/
9/ ydk;avmufwdkYudk jrif& ydk;avmufrSef; odonfESifh
wpfjyKd ief uf xdyk ;kd avmufwaYkd vmufwt
Ykd wGuf jzpfymG ;
oGm;&ef trsdK;rsdK;aom 'kuBuD;i,f aMumufrufzG,f
awGudk jrifoGm;onfESifh xdkpuK&Sdaom 40-aom
aMumufrufzG,fawGudk jrif oGm;rI wl\/
tvGeo
f rd af rGUaom yd;k avmufi,fwrYkd mS vnf; &G&&G &G cG Pcsi;f
cPcsi;f jzpfrI ysurf [
I al om O',A,rIwu
Ykd kd jrifro
S m puKonf
yk*dKvf r[kwf? puKonf ow0g r[kwf? puKonf igr[kwf? 'ku
tpkrQom jzpfonf-[k xif&Sm;avonf/
(um;-temrw* oHo&mESifhtrQ tedp0dZmPf 'ku
0dZmPf tew0dZmPf-[laom rSefbDvl;udk r&onfhtwGuf
,aeYxufwdkif rdrdepfrGef;arsmygvmcJhaom rdrd\ puKoHo&m
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
192
rdr\
d tZswt
*Fgjzpfaeaom aomwoHo&m r[mMoC
CmeoHo&m r[mMoC Zd0SgoHo&m r[mMoC um,oHo&m
r[mMoC reoHo&m r[mMoC-wdkYvnf; puKoHo&m r[m
MoCuJo
h Ykd &Snv
f sm;yHk eufidI ;f yHk us,0f rS ;f yHk ponfrsm;udk aphppkH mG
a0zef odav/
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wpfckaom toHudkMum;aomtcg igMum;onf[l
vnf;aumif;? ig\ em;onf Mum;wwfaom igh
twaywnf;? t&Sifjzpfaom ZD0aywnf; [l
vnf;aumif;? wG,w
f mpGv
J rf;jcif;onf rdr\
d aomw
oHo&m r[mMoCrdrd epfreG ;f arsmygjcif;rnf\? xdk
wG,fwm pGJvrf;jcif;\ jywfuif; csKyfNidrf;jcif;onf
xdak omw oHo&m r[mork'& mMu;D \ wpfbufurf;
aywnf;/
2/ rdrd\ Cme ig\ESmacgif;[lvnf;aumif;? wpfpkH
wpfckaom teHYudk eHaomtcg igeHonf[lvnf;
aumif;? ig\Cmeonf eHwwfaom igtwaywnf;?
tSifjzpfaom ZD0aywnf;- [lvnf;aumif;?
wG,fwm pGJvrf;jcif;onf rdrd\CmeoHo&m r[m
MoC rdrdepfrGef;arsmygjcif;onf xdkCmeoHo&m
r[m ork'&mBuD\ wpfbufurf;aywnf;/
tpodYk
3/
4/
5/
edAme'DyeD
193
rdrd\Zd0Sg ig\vQm[lvnf;aumif;? wpfpkHwpfck

aom &omkHudk okH;aqmif tcsdK tcsOfponfudk
od a omtcg igod o nf [ l vnf ; aumif ; ? ig\
vQmonf t&omudk odwwf aom ightwaywnf;?
tSifjzpfaom ZD0aywnf;[lvnf;aumif;? wG,f
wm pGJvrf;jcif;onf rdrd\ Zd0SgoHo&m r[mMoC
rdred pfreG ;f arsmygjcif;rnf\? xdw
k ,
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f mpGv
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jywfuif;csKyfNidrf;jcif;onf xdkZd0SgoHo&m r[m
ork'&mBuD;\ wpfbufurf;aywnf;/
rdrd\ udk,ft*Fgum, ig\udk,ft*Fg[lvnf;
aumif;? wpfpkHwpfckaom 0wKtmkHudk xd odaom
tcg igxdonf igodonf[lvnf;aumif; ig\
udk,ft*FgBuD; i,fonf xd odwwfaom ightw
aywnf;? tSifjzpfaom ZD0aywnf;[lvnf;
aumif; wG,fwm pGJvrf;jcif;onf rdrd\ um,
oHo&m r[mMoC rdrdepfrGef;arsmygjcif;rnf\?
xdw
k ,
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f mpGv
J rf;jcif;\ jywfuifcsKyNf ird ;f jcif;onf xdk
um,oHo&m r[mork'&mBuD;\ wpfbufurf;
aywnf;/
rdrdraem ig\pdwf ig\raem[lvnf;aumif;
rdrMd uo
H rQ odorQukd igBuo
H nf igodonf [lvnf;
aumif; ig\pdwf ig\raemonf BuHwwf odwwf
aom ightwaywnf;? tSifjzpfaom ZD0aywnf;
tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
194
[lvnf;aumif; wG,fwm pGJvrf;jcif;onf rdrd\

pdwf-[laom re-[laom terw* oHo&mr[m
MoC rdrdepfrGef;arsmygjcif;rnf\? xdkwG,fwm
pGv
J rf;jcif;\ jywfuif;csKyNf ird ;f jcif;onf xdk reoHo&m
r[mork'&mBuD;\ wpfbufurf;aywnf;/
odkY oHo&m 0JMoCudkvnf;aumif; oHo&m0JMoC\
wpfbuf urf;jzpfaom edAmeffudkvnf;aumif; rdrd\ 0JMoC\
wpfbufurf;jzpfaom edAmefudkvnf;aumif; rdrd\ 0JMoC
rdrdepfrGef; aeMuykHudkvnf;aumif; rdrd\ 0JMoCrS uRwfvGwf
ur;wpfbufodkY a&mufMuykHudkvnf;aumif; taotcsm ae&m
wus odrSwftyf\/
(<uif;aom tcsufpkudkum; puK qdkchJNyD;aomtwdkif;
aphpkHpGmodav/)
(u)
(c)
orka'g orka'gwd bdua0 tkw0g ykxkZaem

bmowd ? aeaom bd u a 0 t&d , 0d e a,
orka'g? r[m {aom bdua0 O'u&mod r[m
O'uPa0g/
puK bdua0 yk&do orka'g? w lyra,m
a0a*g? a,m wH lyr,H a0*H o[wd? t,H 0kpwd
bdua0 twed puKork'H oODr om0 o*g[H
o&u o H wd a P m yg&*F a wm xav wd | wd
jAm[aPm/
tpodYk
(*)
(C)
(i )
(p )
(q)
edAme'DyeD
195
aomwH bdua 0 yk&o

d orka'g? w o'ra,m
a0a*g? a,m wH o'r,H a0*H o[wd? t,H 0kpwd
bdua0 twed aomwork'H oODr o0H o*g[H
jAm[aPm/
CmeH bdua0 yk&do orka'g? w *Era,m
a0a*g? a,m wH *Er,H a0*H o[wd? t,H 0kpwd
bdua0 twed Cmeork'H oODr o0H o*g[H
jAm[aPm/
Zd0Sg bdua0 yk&do orka'g? w &ora,m
a0a*g? a,m wH &or,H a0*H o[wd? t,H0kpwd
bdua0 twed Zd0Sgork'H oODr om0H o*g[H
jAm[aPm/
uma,m bd u a 0 yk & d o ork a ' g ? w
azm|Ara,m a0a*g? a,m wH azm|Ar,H a0*H
o[wd? t,H 0kpwd bdua0 twed um,ork'H
oODr om0H o*g[H o&uoH wdaPm yg&*Fawm
xav wd|wd jAm[aPm/
raem bdua0 yk&do orka'g? w "rra,m
a0a*g? a,m wH "rr,H a0*H o[wd? t,H 0kpwd
bdua0 twed raemork'H oODr om0H o*g[H
tpodYk
(u)
(c)
edAme'DyeD
196
o&u o H wd a P m yg&*F - awm xav wd | wd

jAm[aPm/
(oVm,weoH,kwf ygVdawmf/)
bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? tkw0g=igbk&m;\ w&m;udk
rMum;bl;aom? ykxkZaem=ykxkZOftaygif;onf?
ork a ' g ork a ' g wd = ork ' & m ork ' & m-[l ?
bmowd=ajymqdMk u\? bdua 0=&[ef;wd?Yk t&d,=
jrwfaomtusifh&dSaom igbk&m;\? 0dae,=tqkH;
trjzpfaom omoem? {aom=ykxkZOfwdkYac:
a0:Muaom ork ' & monf ? eork a ' g =ork ' & m
tppfr[kw?f bdua 0=&[ef;wk?Yd {aom=ykxZk OfwYkd
ac:a0:Muaom ork'&monf? r[mO'u&mod=
rsm;pGmaoma&tpkomwnf;? r[mO'uPa0g=
rsm;pGmaom a&tP0g omwnf;/
bd u a 0=&[ef ; wd k Y ? yk & d o =wpf a ,muf wpf
a,mufaom ow0g\? puK=rsupf [
d al om puK"mwf
1- ckonf? orka'g=ork'&m tppfaywnf;? w=
xdkpuKork'&mtm;? lyra,m=lygkH\xifjcif;
aMumifhjzpfaom? a0a*g=vdIdif;[kefonf? twd= &dS\?
a,m=tMuifoo
l nf? lyr,H= lygk\
H xifjcif;aMumifh
jzpfaom? wHa0*H=xdkvdIif;[kefudk? o[wd=ESdyfeif;
y,f&Sm;Edkif\? bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? t,H=oludk?
oODr=vdIif;wHydk;ESihfwuGaom? om0H=Av0grkc
tpodYk
(*)
edAme'DyeD
197
0JBuD;ESifhwuGaom? o*g[H=twif;zrf; wwfaom

ig;ref; ig;qifEiS w
hf uGaom? o&uo=H a&mbDv;l ESihf
wuGaom? twe=d rdru
d ,
kd f ? puKork'=H puKoo
H &m
r[mork'&mBuD;udk? wdaPm=ul;ajrmufNyD;aom
ol[l? yg&*Fawm=edAmefwnf;[laom urf;wpf
bufodkYa&mufNyD;aomol-[l? xav=edAmefwnf;
[laom Munf;ukef;xuf? wd|wd=wnfayaom?
jAm[aPm=oljrwf[l? 0kpwd=qdktyf\/
bdua 0=&[ef;wd?Yk yk&o
d =wpfa,mfaom ow0g\?
aomwH=em;[laomaomw"mwf 1-ckonf? orka'g=
ork'&mtppfaywnf;? w=xdkaomwork'&m
tm;? o'ra,m=o'gkH\xifjcif;aMumifhjzpfaom?
a0a*g=vdIif;[kefonf? twd=&dS\? a,m=tMuif
olonf? o'r,H=o'gkH\ xifjcif;aMumifhjzpfaom?
wda0*H=xdv
k iId ;f [keu
f ?kd o[wd= ESyd Ef iS ;f y,f&mS ;Ekid \
f ?
bdua 0=&[ef;wd?Yk t,H=olu
d ?dk oODr= vdiI ;f wHy;kd ESifh
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o*g[H=twif;zrf;wwfaom ig;ref; ig;qifEiS w
hf uG
aom? o&uoH=a&bDvl;ESifhwuGaom? twed=
rd r d u d k , f ? aomwork ' H = aomwoH o &m r[m
ork'&mBuD;udk? wdaPm=edAmefwnf;[laom urf;
wpfbufodkY a&mufNyD;aomol-[l? xav= edAmef
wnf;[laom Munf;uke;f xuf? wd|wd=wnfayaom?
tpodYk
(C)
(i )
edAme'DyeD
198
jAm[aPm=oljrwf-[l? 0kpwd= qdktyf\/

bd u a 0=&[ef ; wk d Y ? yk & d o =wpf a ,muf a om
ow0g\? CmeH=ESmacgif;-[laom Cme"mwf 1ckonf? orka'g=ork'&m tppfaywnf;? w=
xdkCmeork'&mtm;? *Era,m=*EmkH\xifjcif;
aMumifhjzpfaom? a0a*g= vdIif;[kefonf? twd=&Sd\?
a,m=tMuif o l o nf ? *E r ,H = *E m k H \ xif j cif ;
aMumifhjzpfaom? wHa0*H=xdkvdIif;[kefudk? o[wd=
ESdrfESif;y,f&Sm;Edkif\? bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? t,H=
oludk? oODr=vdIif;wHydk;ESifhwuGaom? om0H=Av0g
rkc0JBuD;ESifhwuGaom? o*g[H=twif;zrf;wwfaom
ig;ref; ig;qifESifhwuGaom? o&uoH=a&bDvl;ESifh
wuGaom? twed=rdrdudk,f? Cmeork'H=Cme
oHo&m r[mork'&mBuD;udk? wdaPm=ul;ajrmuf
NyD ; aomol [ l ? yg&*F a wm=ed A m ef w nf ; [l a om
urf;wpfbufodkY a&mufNyD;aomol-[l? xav=
ed A m ef w nf ; [l a om Munf ; uk e f ; xuf ? wd | wd =
wnfayaom? jAm[aPm=oljrwf-[l? 0kpwd=
qdt
k yf\/
bd u a 0=&[ef ; wd k Y ? yk & d o =wpf a ,muf a om
ow0g\? Zd0Sg=vQm-[laom Zd0Sg"mwf 1-ckonf?
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tpodYk
(p )
edAme'DyeD
199
jzpfaom? a0a*g= vdIif;[kefonf? twd= &dS\? a,m=

tMuifolonf? &or,H=&omkH\xifjcif;aMumifh
jzpfaom? wHa0*H=xdv
k iId ;f [keu
f ?kd o[wd=ESrd Ef iS ;f y,f
&Sm;Edkif\? bdua0=&[ef;wdkY? t,H=oludk? oODr=
vdIif;wHydk;ESifhwuGaom? om0H=Av0grkc 0JBuD;ESifh
wuGaom? o*g[H=twif;zrf;wwfaom ig;ref;
ig;qifESifhwuGaom? o&uoH=a&bDvl;ESifhwuG
aom? twed=rdrdudk,f? Zd0Sgork'H=Zd0Sg-oHo&m
r[mork' &mBu;D ud?k wdaPm=ul;ajrmufNy;D aomol[l ? yg&*F a wm=ed A m ef w nf ; [l a om urf ; wpf
bufodkY a&mufNyD;aomol-[l? xav=edAmefwnf;
jAm[aPm=oljrwf[l? 0kpwd=qdktyf\/
ow0g\? uma,m=udk,f-[laom um,"mwf 1ckonf? orka'g=ork'&m tppfaywnf;? w=
xdkum,ork'&mtm;? azm|Ara,m=azm|AmkH\
xifjcif;aMumifjh zpfaom? a0a*g=vdiI ;f [keo
f nf? tw=d
&d\
S ? a,m= tMuifoo
l nf? azm|Ar,H=azm|Amk\
H
xifjcif;aMumifhjzpfaom? wHa0*H=xdkvdIif;[kefudk?
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t,H=olu?kd oODr= vdiI ;f wHy;kd ESiw
hf uGaom? om0H=
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tpodYk
(q)
edAme'DyeD
200
wwfaom ig;ref; ig;qifESifhwuGaom? o&uoH=

a&bDvl;ESifhwuGaom? twed=rdrdudk,f? um,ork'=H um,oHo&m r[mork'& mBu;D ud?k wdaPm=
ul;ajrmufNyD;aomol-[l? yg&*Fawm=edAmefwnf;
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qdt
k yf\/
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ork'& mtm;? "rra,m="rmk\
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ig;qifwdkYESihfwuGaom? o&uoH=a&bDvl;ESifhwuG
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tpodYk
edAme'DyeD
201

jAm[aPm=oljrwf-[l? 0kpwd=qdktyf\/
(um;-teuf/)
t"dyg,f/
/ t"dyg,fum;-tBuD;tus,fqkH;jzpfaom
a&tpkudk avmu ork'&m[lac: qdkMu\? xdkork'&monf
tus,fteuf,lZem 8-aomif; 4-axmifrQom&Sd\? tvsm;rSm
vnf; pMum0Vm t0ef;,lZemrQom&dS\? puK\teufum;
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--------- ---------

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