Chương 3 - Ứng Suất Và Biến Dạng

Chng III
ng sut v Bin dng
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
ca tnh hc vt rn tuyt i
NG
V
DNG
3.1. ng sut
3.1.1. Khi nim
Chia vt bng mt mt ct
v kho st tnh cht cc
lc tip xc truyn qua mt
ny do phn tch ra tc
ng ln. Cc lc tip xc
ny phn b khp mt ct
vi chiu v gi tr thay i,
chng c gi l ng lc
hay ng sut ti mt im.
L Dng Hng Anh
ng sut - Stress
B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.1. ng sut
3.1.1. Khi nim
P
nh ngha ng sut trung bnh ti C: ptb
P dP
ng sut thc ti C: p lim

A0 A
dA
P1
P2
( A)
C
P3
A: din tch nh
P: hp lc ca ni lc trn A
L Dng Hng Anh
ng sut ti 1 im l
cng phn b ca ni
lc trn 1 n v din tch
im thuc mt ct
ca vt th chu lc cn
bng. (i lng c hc
c trng cho mc chu
ng ca vt liu)
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.1. ng sut
zy
3.1.1. Khi nim
pz z k zy j zx i
Trong :
( A)
zx
z - ng sut php
zx , zy - ng sut tip
nm trn mt
phng vung gc
vi trc z
L Dng Hng Anh
zy
Ch phng ca ng
sut tip
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.1 ng sut
3.1.2. Phng php biu th cc thnh phn ng sut
Tng qut: Tch mt phn t ti C bng 6 mt vi phn trc giao
vi cc trc ta .
Trn 3 mt vi phn dng c cc

vector ng sut: p x , p y , pz
Mi vector trong chng c ba
thnh phn song song vi ba
trc ta : p , ,
x
py
pz
L Dng Hng Anh
,
,
xy
xz
yx
, yz
zx
, zy
pz
py
px
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.1. ng sut
3.1.2. Cc thnh phn ng sut
ng sut ti mt im c c trng bi chn thnh phn ng
sut v chng c vit di dng Tensor:
x xy xz
T yx y yz
x
zy
z
zx
yz
Mt phng
vung gc vi
trc y
L Dng Hng Anh
yz
xy
x
Phng ca
ng sut tip
yx
xz
z
zy
zx
y
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.1. ng sut
3.1.2. Cc thnh phn ng sut
* Nguyn l i ng ng sut tip

Trn hai mt vi phn trc giao, cc thnh phn ng sut vung
gc vi cnh chung th bng nhau v c chiu cng hng vo
hoc hng ra cnh chung .
xy yx ; xz zx ; yz zy
Khi tensor ng sut l mt tensor i xng, do trng thi
ng sut ch cn ph thuc 6 thng s:
x xy xz
T
y yz
Sym
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.2. Trng thi ng sut.

3.2.1. Trng thi ng sut ti mt im
Nu cho qua M nhng mt ct khc nhau, th tng ng vi
mi v tr ca ta c 1 vector ng sut. Tp hp tt c cc
vector ng sut ny c gi l trng thi ng sut ti M. Tp
hp ny khng phi l mt tp hp vector c lp.
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
ng sut trn mt nghing c php vector n v n nx , ny , nz
px x xy xz nx

p T .n
p y yx y yz . n y

zy
z nz
pz zx
px x .nx xy .n y xz .nz
Hay: p y yx .nx y .n y yz .nz
px zx .nx zy .n y z .nz
Khi :
n p.n px .nx p y .n y pz .nz
(3.1a)
(3.1b)
(3.2a)
n x .nx2 y .ny2 z .nz2 2 xy .nx .ny 2 yz .ny .nz 2 xz .nx .nz (3.2b)
n p 2 n2
L Dng Hng Anh
(3.3)
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.2.2. Mt chnh, phng chnh v ng sut chnh

Mt chnh: mt ct m trn phng ca p trng vi phng ca n
Khi : - Phng ca n c gi l phng chnh
- ng sut n c gi l ng sut chnh
Ti mi im ca vt th n hi ta lun tm c ba phng
chnh vung gc nhau tng i mt. ng vi ba phng chnh
ta c ba ng sut chnh:
Cc ng sut chnh
ny khng ph thuc
vic chn h trc ta
1 2 3
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.2.3. Cc trng thi ng sut

Nu ta chn h trc ta sao cho ba trc trng vi ba phng
chnh:
1 0 0
T 0 2 0
0 0
3
Trng thi ng sut khi: ba ng sut chnh u khc khng.

Trng thi ng sut phng: c mt ng sut chnh bng khng.
Trng thi ng sut n: c hai ng sut chnh bng khng.
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.3. Trng thi ng sut phng

L trng thi ca im c vector ng sut tng lun nm trong
mt mt phng, vi mi mt vi phn kho st.
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.3.1. ng sut trn mt ct nghing bt k
v
v
vu
uv
yx
xy
dy
dx
L Dng Hng Anh
n cos ; sin
uv
ds
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
ng sut php v tip trn mt nghing:
x y
uv
2
x y
x y
2
cos 2 xy s in2
s in2 xy cos 2
(3.7)
(3.8)
Ti mt vung gc vi mt c php tuyn u ( 90 0 )
x y
vu
2
x y
Nhn xt:
L Dng Hng Anh
x y
2
cos 2 xy s in2
s in2 xy cos 2
(3.10)
u v x y const
uv vu
(3.9)
Bt bin
ca ng
sut php
L ST
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.3.2. ng sut chnh Phng chnh

Mt chnh l mt c ng sut tip bng khng. tm mt chnh:
uv
x y
2
s in2 0 xy cos 2 0 0
tg 2 0
1 2 xy
0 tan
/2
(3.11)
x y
Hai tr s 0 khc bit nhau 900 Hai phng chnh
Thay vo
uv 0
2 xy
x y
(*)
u , ta thu c cc ng sut chnh
max
x y
min
L Dng Hng Anh
( x y ) 2 4 xy2
2
(**)
(3.12)
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.3.3. ng sut tip cc tr
d uv
0
d
x y
s in2 xy cos 2
uv
2
x y
( x y ) cos 2 2 xy sin 2 0 tg 2
2 xy
1
So snh vi (*), ta c: tg 2
tg 20
Mt c s tip cc tr to vi
0
4
mt chnh mt gc 450
Thay vo uv ta c:
max
min
( x y ) 2 4 xy2
2
L Dng Hng Anh
(3.14)
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
** Hai trng hp c bit

a. Trng thi ng sut phng c bit
x ; y 0; xy
Thay vo (**) ta c:
max
min
1

2 4 2
2 2
(3.13)
b. Trng thi ng sut trt thun ty
x y 0; xy
Thay vo (**) ta c:
max hay 1 3
min
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.4. TTS trong bi ton phng P.P th

3.4.1. C s ca phng php
u
x y
2
uv
x y
Chuyn v
x y
(3.15)
s in2 xy cos 2
2
x y
2
cos 2 xy s in2
qua tri, bnh phng 2 v, cng 2 v cho uv

2
Ta thu c phng trnh vng trn Mohr ng sut
x y
Tm:
x y
uv
y 2;0
x y
2
R
xy
2
Bn knh:
L Dng Hng Anh
xy
Trc honh:
Trc tung:
Ta cc im trn vng trn Mohr

ng sut cho ta gi tr cc s php v
s tip nm trn nhng mt khc nhau
i qua im c trng thi s ta ang xt.
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.4.2. Cch v vng trn Mohr
Cho mt phn t ng sut. Bit:
x , y , xy
Tm: max , min , max , min , cc phng chnh, s php, s tip ti

mt nghing bt k
-Dng h trc ta : O
x y
-Xc nh tm C vng trn: C
;0
2
2
x y
2
-Xc nh bn knh R ca vng trn: R
xy
2
-Xc nh im cc P: P y ; xy
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.4.2. Cch v vng trn Mohr
max
max
uv
vu
A y
O
xy
min
L Dng Hng Anh
min
min
u
x
uv
B
max
max
1
J
min
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

V d:
y
y 10
10
x 18
18
600
xy 6
x
300
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
V d:
u
x 18
10
y
xy 6
300
uv
2
x y
2
max j
min
max
1
L Dng Hng Anh
x y
x y
2
cos 2 xy s in2
s in2 xy cos 2
x y
2
( x y ) 2 4 xy2
2
xy
1 t g

y
max
1
2 1 900
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
vu
max
9.1
11.2 P
min
min
19.2
v
108.2
15.2
C
O
16.2
u 18 max
max
300
9.1 uv
uv
v
u
min
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
Cho phn t ng sut nh hnh v.

6
12
600
u
L Dng Hng Anh
x 12kN / cm 2
6
kN
/
cm
y
4
kN
/
cm
xy
150
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.5. Bin dng
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.5. Bin dng

3.5.1. Khi nim
Khi chu tc dng ca ngoi lc hay s bin thin nhit th
khong cch gia cc im thuc vt th thay i, gy ra s
thay i v hnh dng v kch thc ca vt. S thay i ny
gi l s bin dng.
C hai khi nim bin dng: Bin dng ca ton vt v bin
dng ti mt im.
Bin dng ti mt im: bin dng ca mt phn t VCB
quanh im kho st bao gm bin dng di v bin dng
gc.
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.5. Bin dng

3.5.1. Khi nim
Bin dng di:

L Dng Hng Anh
s ' s
Bin dng gc
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.5. Bin dng

3.5.2. Trng thi bin dng ca im
L tp hp cc bin dng di v bin dng gc ca im.
Trng thi bin dng ca im s hon ton xc nh nu c
cho trc bin dng di theo ba phng vung gc nhau bt k
v ba bin dng gc trn ba mt vung gc nhau to bi ba

phng .
Cc thnh phn bin dng:
x , y , z , xy , yz , xz
Trng thi bin dng ti mi im c xc nh bi Tensor bin
dng:
L Dng Hng Anh
x xy
T
y
Sym
xz
yz
z
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.5. Bin dng

3.5.2. Trng thi bin dng ca im
Trng thi ng sut v bin dng ti mi im c xc nh
bi cc Tensor:
x xy xz
T
y yz
Sym
x xy
T
y
Sym
xz
yz
z
Quan h gia cc thnh phn ng sut v cc thnh phn

bin dng:
- ng sut php gy ra bin dng di.
- ng sut tip gy ra bin dng gc
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.5. Lin h gia ng sut v Bin dng

3.5.3. nh lut Hooke tng qut
Quan h gia ng sut php v bin
dng di:
x
x
E
Trong : E l module n hi, l
hng s vt liu
x cng
gy ra bin dng di theo cc phng cn li

(phng y, z).
x
y z x
E
Trong : l h s possion, l hng s vt liu

L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

i vi trng thi ng sut khi tng qut, bin dng di theo
phng x:
- Bin dng di theo phng x do x
gy ra :
xx x / E
- Bin dng di theo phng x do y , z

gy ra :
xy y / E; xz z / E
p dng nguyn l cng tc dng: Bin dng di theo

phng x:
1
L Dng Hng Anh
x ( y z )
E
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
Bin dng di theo phng y:

- Bin dng di theo phng y do y
gy ra :
yy y / E
- Bin dng di theo phng y do x , z

gy ra :
yx x / E; yz z / E
phng y:
1
y y ( x z )
E
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
Bin dng di theo phng z:

- Bin dng di theo phng z do z
gy ra :
zz z / E
- Bin dng di theo phng z do x , y

gy ra :
zx x / E; zy y / E
phng z:
1
z z ( x y )
E
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

Bin dng di theo phng cc phng chnh:
Cng da trn nguyn l cng tc dng ta c:
1
1 1 ( 2 3 )
E
1
2 2 ( 1 3 )
E
1
3 3 ( 1 2 )
E
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

Khi phn t b trt thun ty, ch
c xy , bin dng gc xy quan h
vi xy theo nh lut Hooke v

trt.
xy xy / G
Trong : G l module n hi Vy bin dng gc trong

trt, l hng s vt liu
mt xy l:
E
G
2(1 )
L Dng Hng Anh
xy
2 xy 1
E
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

Vy bin dng gc trong cc mt
yz, xz l:
yz 2 yz 1
yz
G
E
xz 2 xz 1
xz
G
E
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
1
x x ( y z )
E
xy
2 xy 1
E
2 yz 1
1
y y ( x z )
E
yz
yz
G
1
z z ( x y )
E
xz 2 xz 1
xz
G
E
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
3.6. Thuyt bn (cc ch tiu bn)

3.6.1. Th nghim ko v nn vt liu
a.Th nghim ko
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

Mu th nghim: thanh thng, ng nht, ng cht, tit

din A khng i dc chiu di l0
Ngoi lc tc dng 2 u thanh sao cho tng ng
vi lc P tc dng dc trc trng thi chu lc ch c 1
thnh phn ni lc Nz.
+ Nz > 0: th nghim ko ng tm
+ Nz < 0: th nghim nn ng tm
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

Gi thit:
+ P nh th xem nh din tch cc tit din l khng i
+ Mi im trong thanh TTS n, vi thnh phn ng
sut chnh khc khng, trng phng vi trc thanh, k
hiu
+ Gi tr nh nhau ti mi im: = Nz/A = P/A
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

Tng P t gi tr 0. Vi cc gi tr P khc nhau ngi ta
o gin l ca cc tit din ca thanh. Khi bin

dng di:
l0
Dng cc gi tr ca v v th -: th l ng
cong c v tr ban u ti gc h trc ta - v v tr
cui khi thanh b t hay c du hiu b t.
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG
VL dn
c)
L Dng Hng Anh
ch
VL do tl
b)
b
D
VL bn do
tl
tl
a)
d)
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

c trng c hc ca vt liu:
+ Module n hi E c xc nh: E = /
+ Gii hn t l, tl rt kh xc nh nn t s dng.
+ Gii hn chy, ch xc nh bng cch dng ng i
qua im trn trc honh c = 0,2% song song vi OA,

ct th. Tung ca im giao l ch .
+ Gii hn bn, b, l gi tr ng sut khi bt u c du
hiu vt liu b ph hy. Da vo th, chia vt liu lm

2 loi: vt liu dn v vt liu do.
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

iu kin bn:
Da vo th ta thy:
+ trnh bin dng d th ng sut khng vt qua tl

+ trnh bin dng d ln th ng sut khng vt qua ch
+ trnh hin tng t, v th ng sut khng vt qua b
m bo vt th lm vic an ton:
max
0
(n 1)
n
K hiu:
0
[ ] : ng sut cho php => max [ ]
n
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.2. Khi nim
Trng thi ng sut n: Ti mi im ch tn ti 1 ng sut
php
Thanh ch chu ko:
max k
0k
Thanh ch chu nn:
min n
Cc gii hn
0n
,
k
0
n
0
ta c th tm c bng cch thc hin
cc th nghim ko nn, n l h s an ton, n >= 1.

L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.2. Khi nim
Trng thi ng sut trt thun ty:
Trng thi m ti mi im ch c ng
sut tip
max
0

n
Ta gp kh khn trong vic tm
- Lm th nghim??
- Bin php khc??
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.2. Khi nim
Trng thi ng sut phc tp: c

nhiu hn hai thnh phn ng
sut.
Trng thi ng sut
phng c bit: va
c: ;
Sau khi c c kt qu ng sut, ta phi so snh vi ci g?
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.2. Khi nim
Phi thc nghim xc nh nhng ng sut nguy
him cho TTS tng ng.
Tin???
Phng php th nghim???
Cn c cc gi thit v nguyn nhn gy ra s ph hoi

vt liu: Thuyt bn
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.2. Khi nim
nh ngha:
Thuyt bn l nhng gi thuyt v nguyn nhn ph hoi ca
vt liu v dng nh gi bn ca mi trng thi ng
sut trong khi ch bit bn ca vt liu trng thi S n

(th nghim ko nn).
Trng thi ng sut bt k 1 , 2 , 3
Xc nh mt hm td f ( 1 , 2 , 3 )
iu kin bn: td k ,n
Mc ch: Tm hm f
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
1. Thuyt bn ng sut php ln nht (TB I)
Nguyn nhn vt liu b ph hoi l do ng sut php ln nht
ca phn t TTUS ang xt (thc t) t n gi tr ng
sut php nguy him ca phn t TTUS n (th nghim).
td 1 k
td 3 n
Thuyt bn ny ch p dng c vi vt liu dn v

TTUS n.
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
2. Thuyt bn bin dng di tng i ln nht (TB II)
Nguyn nhn vt liu b ph hoi l do bin dng di tng
i ln nht ca phn t TTUS ang xt t n gi tr bin
dng di tng i nguy him ca phn t TTUS n.
k
1
1 1 2 3
E
E
n
1
3 3 2 1
E
E
td 1 2 3 k
td 3 1 2 n
Thuyt bn ny ch p dng c vi vt liu dn (ngy nay t dng)

L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
Thuyt bn ng sut tip ln nht (Tresca, TB III)
Nguyn nhn vt liu b ph hoi l do ng sut tip ln nht
ca phn t TTUS ang xt t n gi tr ng sut tip nguy
him ca phn t TTUS n.

i vi TTS phng:
1
max
( x y ) 2 4 xy2
2
i vi TTS n: x ; xy y 0
max
L Dng Hng Anh
2
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
Mt TTS phng c x , y , xy tng ng TTS n c
ng sut tIII:
td 2 max ( x y ) 2 4 xy2
iu kin bn:
td [ ]
( x y ) 4
2
=>
L Dng Hng Anh
2
xy
[ ]
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
+ Trng hp TTS trt thun ty:
[ ]
x y 0; xy 0
2
+ Trng hp ng sut chnh:
1 0; 3 0; xy 0 td 1 3 [ ]
+ Trng hp ng sut phng c bit:
x ; y 0; xy 4 [ ]
2
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
u khuyt im:
Ph hp vi vt liu do, khng ph hp vi vt
liu dn
Khng dng trong trng hp ko 3 phng vi
cng
Ngy nay dng nhiu trong tnh ton c kh
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
4. Thuyt bn th nng bin i hnh dng (von-Mises, TB

IV)
Nguyn nhn vt liu b ph hoi l do th nng bin i hnh
dng ca phn t TTUS ang xt t n gi tr th nng bin
i hnh dng nguy him ca phn t TTUS n.
td 12 22 32 1 2 2 3 1 3
Thuyt bn ny ph hp vi vt liu do v thng s
dng trong ngnh c kh ch to v k thut xy dng.

L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
4. Thuyt bn th nng bin i hnh dng (von-Mises, TB

IV)
+ Trng hp ng sut phng:
3 0 td 1 2 [ ]
2
1
2
2
+ Trng hp ng sut trt thun ty:
1 ; 2 td 3 [ ]
+ Trng hp ng sut phng c bit:
x ; y 0; xy td 3 2 2 [ ]
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
5. Thuyt bn v cc TTS gii hn (TB V TB Mohr)

p dng cho vt liu dn hay vt liu c gii hn bn ko
v nn khc nhau. i vi bt k phn t trng thi ng
sut phc tp (khi).
td 5
0k
1
3 [ ]k
0n
0k, 0n : gii hn nguy him ca phn t TTS n (ko,

nn theo 1 phng)
L Dng Hng Anh
ChngSUT
I: Nhng
vnBIN
c bn
NG
V
DNG

3.6.3. Cc thuyt bn
p dng cc thuyt bn
Mi thuyt bn a ra mt quan im v nguyn nhn ph
hoi ca vt liu. Trong thc t tnh ton, vic chn ra thuyt
bn no l ph thuc vo vt liu v TTS ca im cn
kim tra.
- i vi vt liu do, nn dng TB III, TB IV
- i vi vt liu dn, nn dng TB V

- Trng hp TTS n nn dng TB I
L Dng Hng Anh

Chương 3 - Ứng Suất Và Biến Dạng

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Chương 3 - Ứng Suất Và Biến Dạng

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Chng III

ng sut v Bin dng

L Dng Hng Anh

ng sut thc ti C: p lim

3.1.1. Khi nim

Trn 3 mt vi phn dng c cc

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

* Nguyn l i ng ng sut tip

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.2. Trng thi ng sut.

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

ng sut trn mt nghing c php vector n v n nx , ny , nz

Hay: p y yx .nx y .n y yz .nz

n p.n px .nx p y .n y pz .nz

3.2.2. Mt chnh, phng chnh v ng sut chnh

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.2.3. Cc trng thi ng sut

Trng thi ng sut khi: ba ng sut chnh u khc khng.

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.3. Trng thi ng sut phng

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.3.1. ng sut trn mt ct nghing bt k

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

ng sut php v tip trn mt nghing:

Ti mt vung gc vi mt c php tuyn u ( 90 0 )

L Dng Hng Anh

3.3.2. ng sut chnh Phng chnh

u , ta thu c cc ng sut chnh

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.3.3. ng sut tip cc tr

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

** Hai trng hp c bit

b. Trng thi ng sut trt thun ty

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.4. TTS trong bi ton phng P.P th

qua tri, bnh phng 2 v, cng 2 v cho uv

Ta thu c phng trnh vng trn Mohr ng sut

L Dng Hng Anh

Ta cc im trn vng trn Mohr

3.4. TTS trong bi ton phng P.P th

Tm: max , min , max , min , cc phng chnh, s php, s tip ti

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.4. TTS trong bi ton phng P.P th

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.4. TTS trong bi ton phng P.P th

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

Cho phn t ng sut nh hnh v.

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.5. Bin dng

L Dng Hng Anh

B mn C k thut H Bch Khoa TP. HCM

3.5. Bin dng