Professional Documents
Culture Documents
evaluation and
management
User Manual
JKTech
Isles Road
Indooroopilly
Queensland
Australia 4068
Contents
Preface
Overview............................................................................. i
Chapter 1
1. General Functions ......................................................... 1
2. The Design Area ........................................................... 2
2.1. Screen Layout ................................................... 2
2.2 Design Option Layout ....................................... 3
3. Global Construction Tools............................................ 6
3.1 Selection Box ......................................................... 6
3.2 Selection Mask....................................................... 6
3.3 Goto Position dialog .............................................. 6
3.4 Anchor.................................................................... 7
3.5 Specify Zoom ......................................................... 7
3.6 Zoom in, Zoom out and Centre Design.................. 7
3.7 Selecting Closest Object ........................................ 7
3.8 Marking Holes........................................................ 7
3.9 Redraw ................................................................... 8
4. Query Options............................................................... 9
4.1 Object Query .......................................................... 9
4.2 Design Totals ....................................................... 10
4.3 Blast Parameters and Design Factors ................... 11
5. Loading , Saving & Exporting Designs ...................... 13
6. Reporting .................................................................... 15
6.1 Printing the design ............................................... 15
6.2 Reporting options via text files ............................ 16
Chapter 2
7. 2DBench - Design Input ............................................. 19
8. Area to be blasted........................................................ 20
8.1 String Creation to Define Blast Regions .............. 20
8.2 Importation of general string files ........................ 21
8.3 Editing Strings...................................................... 23
8.4 Setting options for lines and polygons. ................ 24
9. Blast Holes .................................................................. 25
9.1 Parameters ............................................................ 25
9.2 Drilling Holes and Patterns .................................. 25
9.3 Hole Editing ......................................................... 26
9.4 Labelling Holes .................................................... 27
9.5 Cut, Copy, Paste and Modify Holes ..................... 28
10. Loading Explosives and other decks......................... 29
10.1 Parameters .......................................................... 29
10.2 Loading Decks.................................................... 30
10.3 Editing Explosive Charges................................. 30
11. Downhole Delays...................................................... 31
11.1 Parameters .......................................................... 31
11.2 Inserting downhole delays.................................. 31
11.3 Editing Downhole Delays .................................. 32
12. Surface delays ........................................................... 33
12.1 Parameters .......................................................... 33
12.2 Tying holes......................................................... 33
12.3 Editing Surface Ties........................................... 34
13. Detonation Simulation .............................................. 35
13.1 Parameters .......................................................... 35
13.2 Run the simulation ............................................. 36
2DBench Preface
Overview
2DBench Preface
ii
Chapter
3x3o-Pro is an open pit blast design, Analysis and Optimisation Program, superseded by
2DBench. Copyright JKTech.
Major Mode
Buttons
Construction
Mode Buttons
Information
Mode Buttons
Selection Box
2D Cursor
Scroll Bar
Construction Line
Anchor Line
Drawing Area
Grid Lines
Grid Coordinates
Status Bar
Major Mode
Text
Current Action
Text
Current Easting
and Northing
Achor Bearing
and Distance
Current Construction
Line Bearing and
Distance
Scale
The cursor is used to set the position for design actions or to select objects.
The mouse is used to control movement of the cursor, and the left and right
buttons are then used to determine the actions.
Normally, the pointer is visible, and acts similar to a pointer in any other
program. To access the cursor, press the spacebar, or move the pointer over the
design area and click the left mouse button or press Enter. Moving the cursor
now will show a change in the coordinates at the bottom right corner of the
status bar. To exit the design area (change the cursor to the pointer) press the
spacebar or click the right mouse button. Also, the cursor will temporarily
change to the pointer if the mouse is moved outside the design area, so that
toolbars, menus and dialog boxes can still be accessed. For example, this
allows changes to be made in dialog boxes, perform an action and make further
changes without actually leaving the design area.
Unless otherwise specified, to perform an action while the cursor is active,
press Enter or click the left mouse button.
Option
Description
Grid Size
Text Position
Object Colour
Object Visibility
Selection Box
Grid Appearance
Grid Origin
Grid North
The selection box allows the user to quickly select a square or rectangular
region within the design area. It is toggled (ie. turned on/off) by clicking on the
selection box icon in the tool bar or alternatively by accessing the options
dialog via the View menu item.
The selection mask allows the user to select irregular regions (ie. polygons of
up to 10 vertices) within the design area. It is toggled (ie. turned on/off) by
clicking on the selection mask icon in the tool bar or alternatively by accessing
the options dialog via the View menu item.
3.4 Anchor
The Anchor is a measuring tool that allows the user to obtain bearings and
distances from a start point to an end point. It is toggled by clicking on the
Anchor icon in the tool bar.
Anchor
Unmarked holes
Marked holes
Figure 7 View of marked and unmarked holes
Note
3.9 Redraw
Redraw is used to update the current screen. This option is accessed via the
View menu item.
4. Query Options
2DBench incorporates information functions that allow the user to check the
properties and components of a design (e.g. hole lengths, hole diameters,
explosive charges, in-hole delays, etc). These functions are divided into the
individual object query function and the design totals function.
Information
mode
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11
12
13
The overall blast design name and the names of the relevant design components
should be specified to save the design. (Note: by pressing Enter after entering
the overall design name, the relevant design option names are automatically
added). The blast name can be any title for the blast, such as Bench A Shot
B. The option names for Area, Holes, etc, can be the same as the blast name,
or different to describe various options, particularly when used in combination
in different scenarios.
It is important to note that if no names are specified to the relevant design
information combo boxes (ie. Area design name, Hole design name etc.), then
that information will not be saved.
A scenario is a combination of design options under a blast name. It is possible
to have several scenarios for a single blast, which may have small or large
differences between options used in the blast design. For example, a first blast
scenario may contain a design for a V1 timing layout; a second scenario may
contain the same area, holes and decks design options, but have a timing layout
for row by row firing with different downhole and surface delays options.
The user may also specify a new blasting scenario for the same overall design
by choosing the item labelled new before saving. Selecting an existing
scenario number will replace all design options associated with that scenario.
Alternatively, a design can be opened as a combination of design options from
other designs and databases.
The more information button (Figure 14) allows the user to insert extra
information about the overall design and individual blasting scenarios.
For previous users of 3x3o-PRO, 2DBench allows designs to be exported to
3x3o-PRO for analysis. This is done via the File+Export menu item which
activates the File Export dialog shown in Figure 15. Note that 3x3o-Pro project
(*.gen) file extension is the default export file type for analysis in 3x3o-PRO.
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6. Reporting
6.1 Printing the design
The blast design can be printed as shown on the screen, at the set scale,
including any visible view options such as hole numbering or surface delays.
Before printing a design, set the required options and position the design on the
screen.
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(see Figure 17). Click OK to save the configuration. An existing setup can be
recalled from the list of available configurations on the Print Design dialog.
All printer configurations are saved in the file 2DBPrnConfigs.ini in the
2DBench folder. Different sets of options can be created for the same printer
or different printers and stored in the file for later use.
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17
18
Chapter
19
8. Area to be blasted
2DBench allows the user to define the blast design region with a number of
CAD (computer aided design) functions. The procedure for defining the
geometry of a blast design in 2DBench includes creating strings and polygons,
and placing text labels on the design area.
Area Mode
Single Line
Mode
Single line segment drawing: This method allows the user to draw single
line segments to define a single line or a polygon. It is activated by clicking
on the single line mode icon
To draw a line, place the cursor at the position of the start of the line, click
the mouse or press [Enter], move the cursor to the position of the end of the
line and click again or press [Enter].
Multiple Line
Mode
Multiple line segment drawing: This method allows the user to draw
polygons by joining multiple lines. It is activated by clicking on the multiple
line mode icon.
To draw a polygon, place the cursor at the position of the start of the first
side (the first point), click the mouse or press [Enter], move the cursor to the
position of the end of the side (next point) and click again or press [Enter].
Repeat this for each succeeding point, and close the polygon by crossing any
side.
Note
To stop the line creation, press the Esc Key or if a closed polygon
needs to be created, then cross any of the earlier line segments
with the current segment.
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Before and while a line or polygon is drawn, the user may specify a default
level (i.e. Z value) via the Edit+Modify Default Level menu item. Figure 19
shows the corresponding dialog box.
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Current mode
parameter
The last dialog shows the strings that have been found in the file, and allows
the user to select the strings to be imported and to change the line labels and
colours to suit particular requirements (Figure 24).
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9. Blast Holes
The creation and positioning of blast holes is carried out by accessing the
drilling mode function available in the Mode+drill menu item or alternatively
by clicking on the drilling mode icon.
Drilling
Mode
9.1 Parameters
Before holes are created, it is essential to establish the geometry of the pattern
and properties of holes by accessing the hole drilling option dialog (Figure 27)
via the Parameters+drilling menu item or alternatively by clicking on the
current mode parameter icon.
Single
Hole
Pattern
Drilling
Polygon
Fill
Line
Drilling
Individual holes can be positioned using the single hole mode which is
activated by clicking on the single hole icon in the tool bar.
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Current mode
parameter
Predefined patterns are inserted by either using the pattern drilling mode, the
polygon fill mode or the line drilling mode. These options are activated by
clicking on the respective icons.
To drill a single hole, place the cursor at the hole position and click or press
[Enter].
To drill a pattern, place the cursor at the position of the first hole in the first
row and click (or press [Enter]). Then, move the cursor in the direction of the
row (the bearing is shown on the status bar) and click again. Finally, move the
cursor to the side of the line for the burden direction and click to create the
pattern.
To drill a pattern in a polygon, place the cursor near a side and click. The holes
will be drilled at the burden and spacing within the polygon, with a row of
holes on that side and with a hole at the end of that side closest to the cursor.
To drill a pattern along a line, place the cursor near the end of the line for the
first hole and click. Then select the direction along the line and click again.
Finally, indicate the burden direction and click to create the pattern.
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27
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Loading
Mode
10.1 Parameters
Before holes are charged, the user must select the type of explosive or nonexplosive material to be used. This is done by accessing the loading decks Current Mode
Parameter
dialog (Figure 30) via the Parameters+Loading menu item or alternatively by
clicking on the current mode parameter icon. This dialog also allows the user to
edit some of the explosive properties as well as charging characteristics.
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explosives, delays, primers and connectors that will soon be available with
2DBench).
Single
Hole
All
holes
Marked
holes
Unmarked
holes
To load a single hole, place the cursor over the hole and click. For other
modes, just click or press [Enter] anywhere in the design area. Any number of
decks can be loaded in a hole until the hole is filled to the collar.
Down-Hole
delay mode
11.1 Parameters
Before holes are primed and down-hole delays inserted, it is essential to select
the type of delay element, connector and primer to be used. This is done by
accessing the downhole delays dialog (Figure 32) via the
Parameters+downhole delays menu item or alternatively by clicking on the
current mode parameter icon.
Single
Hole
All
holes
Marked
holes
Unmarked
holes
31
Current mode
parameter
To load a single hole, place the cursor over the hole and click. For other
modes, just click or press [Enter] anywhere in the design area. Any number of
downhole delays can be inserted in a hole.
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Surface delay
mode
12.1 Parameters
Before tying begins, the user must select the type of surface delay element and
the type of connection to be used. This is done by accessing the surface delay
dialog via the Parameters+surface delays menu item or alternatively by
clicking on the current mode parameter icon (Figure 34).
Depending on the application of the design, surface delays are referred to as
inter-row ties or inter-hole ties, in addition the connection of each surface delay
can be specified to be bi-directional or uni-directional (Figure 34). Also, the
connector must be of sufficient length (or undefined) for the distance between
hole collars.
Hole by
hole tie
Multiple
Tie up
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Current mode
parameter
In hole by hole tie mode, a delay and connector is placed between any two
selected holes. Place the cursor over the first hole, and click the left mouse
button (or press Enter) to tie to that hole. Move the cursor, and a straight line
will appear between the cursor and the hole, while the closest hole for
connection will be selected and the position of the surface tie will be indicated.
Click the left mouse button to place the cursor and move the tie position to the
new hole. Continuing clicking holes to place ties. To stop the process, press
Esc or click the mouse with the cursor over the last hole (no tie indicated).
For multiple tie mode, first mark the holes to be connected. Then place the
cursor over the first hole in the line, and click the hole will be selected. Move
the cursor to the last hole in the line, and all of the marked holes found between
the first hole and the cursor position within the search path (shown by the
straight line) will be selected and the new ties indicated. Click again to place
the ties. Repeat the process as desired from the current hole, or click again over
the hole (or press Esc) to end the process. Change the width of the search
path in the menu option View+Tolerances.
It is important to note that surface ties can also be connected to nodes, which
can be used as ignition points or to help on the positioning of ties. Nodes can be
added to a pattern in two ways: by activating the single hole drilling mode and
selecting create node in the dialog box, then position the node where
required; or, while placing a tie between two holes, place the cursor at the
position of the node and click while pressing the [Ctrl] key.
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Detonation
mode
13.1 Parameters
The characteristics of the simulation can be established in the detonation
simulation dialog (Figure 35), which is activated via the
Parameters+detonation simulation menu item or alternatively by clicking on
the current mode parameter icon.
show all events in a time frame: events are grouped in successive time
intervals, specified in the frame time step
Monte Carlo: repeat the simulation for the number of runs, with new
random timing values (calculated within scatter parameters) only the
first simulation is displayed
pausing at each event: step through the events
apply delay scatter factors: multiply the defined scatter values for
each detonator by these amounts for the simulation (zero = no scatter)
pausing between events: slow the simulation display by this amount
between events
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Current mode
parameter
Information
mode
Start
Detonation
from Current
Ignition Point
Start Detonation from current ignition point can be used to run a new
simulation, without having to place the cursor over the ignition point. This is
useful if the design has been zoomed and the ignition point is not visible.
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Import
from the File menu, select Import DXF
on the Read DXF form, click the [Browse] button, then find and select the
.dxf file to import
each layer in the file is scanned for strings (POLYLINE), designed holes
(LINE = +) and drilled holes (CIRCLE = o) the data is separated onto
each of the tabs in the form
on each tab, a tick
Appendix
select the layer (as shown above) to modify the string properties
click the [Change Display] button to change the colour, style and
thickness of all strings in the layer
39
for holes, select the layer and enter the values to be used for each hole
otherwise, the default values from the current hole parameters will be used
click [OK] to import the selected data the data will be added to any
existing data in the design area
40
strings are labelled according to their source layer - select View / Options /
Visibility / Area labels to display
41
all data can now be edited as for any other data in 2DBench
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click the [] button select the folder and then either enter a new file
name or select an existing file note: existing files will be overwritten !
for strings, you can either export the nearest string to the cursor, or all
strings these will be created in a single layer
holes can be exported as either designed (+) or drilled (o), as determined by
the marking enter a name for the layer and a size for the symbol
click [OK] to create the file
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