Vt liu chu la - Phng php xc nh bn un nhit cao

1. M u
Sn phm Vt liu chu la ang c nghin cu v sn xut ngy cng ln v s lng, a
dng v chng loi sn phm v p ng ngy cng tng ca cc ngnh cng nghip xi mng,
thp, ho cht...Vt liu chu la s dng nhit cao, chu nhiu tc ng khc nhau gy
ph hu vt liu V vy tu thuc v ntr s dng v loi Vt liu chu la, cc tnh cht c l
nhit ca Vt liu chu la cn c la chn kim tra v nh gi.
Cc phng php th c nghin cu xy dng th nghim xc nh cc tnh cht c l
nhit Vt liu chu la, p ng yu cu nh gi tnh cht Vt liu chu la. Tiu chun
phng php th Vt liu chu la - Phng php xc nh bn un nhit cao
(HM002) l tiu chun mi. Ni dung tiu chun c xy dng trn c s tham kho ni
dung k thut cc tiu chun quc t vi mc ch ho nhp quc t.
2. Ni dung tiu chun
2.1. nh ngha: bn un ca Vt liu nhit cao l kh nng chu un ca mu hnh
lng tr di tc ng lc un ti a khi n chu tc ng lc un ba im iu kin nhit
cao.
2.2. Phm vi p dng: Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh bn un nhit
cao ca cc loi sn phm vt liu chu la.
Sn phm vt liu chu la rt a dng v chng loi nn vic ng dng phng php th
nh gi bn un nhit cao ca cc loi sn phm c bit cn c lu la chn
iu kin th nghim ph hp: i vi cc mu th lin kt ho hc hoc sn phm vt liu v
nh hnh khi p dng tiu chun ny c th sy, nung mu th theo quy trnh trc khi tin
hnh th nghim. Cc sn phm vt liu chu la cha cacbon nh gch MgO-C c tin
hnh xc nh trong mi trng kh c bit hoc mi trng kh.
2.3. Nguyn tc: Cc mu th c ct t cc vin gch, nung n th nghim v lu nhit
nhit th nghim sau un mu th vi tc tng lc un khng i n khi ph hu
mu th.
Thit b th nghim: Thit b th nghim tnh cht c l nhit Vt liu chu la l thit b
chuyn dng, c sn xut trn c s y cu k thut ca tiu chun phng php th. Thit
b th nghim bn un nhit cao gm cc phn c l, nhit kt hp v c iu khin
bng b iu khin m bo chnh xc cao ca phng php th.
Phn c l: Hai gi mu th v mt gi truyn lc ln mu th hnh bn tr c bn knh
5mm 1mm chiu di gi ln hn chiu rng ca mu th 5mm. Cc gi mu v gi
truyn lc phi song song vi nhau, khong cch gia hai gi mu l 125mm 2mm. Gi
truyn lc v tr cch u hai gi . Vt liu lm cc gi v gi truyn lc c th tch n
nh nhit cao, khng b bin mm ti nhit th v khng phn ng vi mu th
nhit cao. B phn gia lc ph hu mu th thu lc m bo cc yu cu: lc ph hu
mu th, chnh xc ca phn hin th p lc 2%.
Phn nhit: L nung mu th nghim c kh nng lm vic n nhit 1500 oC. L nung
mi trng khng kh, phi m bo nhit ng u, l c b phn iu khin nhit . L
nung c th nung ng thi ton b s vin ca mu th nhit cc mu th nh nhau,
sai lch khng ln hn 10oC.
2.4. Tin hnh th nghim

Mu th: Mu th tiu chun l khi hnh lng tr Kch thc mt ct ngang mu th (25
1)mm x (25 1)mm, chiu di khong 150mm. Mu th phi c b mt nhn, khng c ba
via, khng c khuyt tt, vt nt mt thng nhn thy.
Nung mu: Nhit th nghim theo yu cu c th ca mu th nghim. Nn tin hnh th
nghim cc nhit l bi s ca 100 oC nu cn thit c th tin hnh nhit l bi s
ca 50oC. Mu th c nung vi tc tng nhit trong khong 2 oC/pht n 10oC/pht,
thng tc tng nhit c la chn 4oC/pht n 60oC/pht. Khi nhit t n nhit
th nghim, mu th c lu nhit trong thi gian khong 15 pht n 30 pht. i vi
vt liu lin kt ho hc hoc vt liu v nh hnh c th tin hnh x l trc v lu nhit
theo thi gian yu cu c th.
Un mu: Mu th c lu nhit nhit th nghim v tc ng lc un vi tc tng
dn u ln mu th:
a/ Mu vt liu c: 0,15N/mm2.s 0,015n/mm2.s.
b/ Mu vt liu chu la cch nhit: 0,05N/mm2.s 0,005N.mm2.s.
Sn phm vt
liu chu la

Mu th

Xc nh kch thc cc
mu th

Lp mu yt, gi vo
v tr chun

t quy trnh nung

Nung mu th

t tc tng lc un
Un mu th

nh gi bn un ca
VLCL
2.5. Kt qu th nghim
bn un nhit cao ca mu th, Ru tnh bng Niutn trn milimt vung theo cng
thc sau:

Ru =

3 F .L s
.
( N / mm 2 )
2
2 b.h

Trong :
F l lc tc dng ti thi im mu b ph hu, tnh bng Niutn (N).
Ls l khong cch gia hai im mu tip xc vi hai gi , tnh bng milimt (mm).
h l chiu cao ca mu th, tnh bng milimt (mm).
b l chiu rng ca mu th, tnh bng milimt (mm.
Bng 1. bn un mt s mu vt liu chu la nhit cao
Mu th nghim
Tn ch tiu

Gch CL
CN70
Cu
ung

Gch CL Gch CL Gch CL

CN
70 CN85
CN
85
XM Bm XM Bm Cu
Sn
Sn
ung

Gch CL Gch CL
CN
85 VIMAG
Refratech 580
nik

77,75

81,56

85,39

85,11

85,21

11,18

11,80

8,42

7,48

11,97

0,56

1,52

1,59

1,00

2,55

1,70

78,78

1,68

12,5

7,96

11,35

13,34

2,84

Nhit bin 1500

dng di ti
trng , Tbd

1490

1500

1520

1480

>1650

bn nn, 84,5
N/mm2

101,7

91,70

87,50

114,1

54,0

Khi
lng 2,71
th tch, g/cm3

2,75

2,88

2,84

2,85

2,98

Thnh phn
ho hc %
Al2O3
SiO2
Fe2O3
MgO
CaO

bn un
nhit cao,
N/mm2
1200oC
1300oC
1400oC

Tn ch tiu

Mu th nghim

Hm lng,% SiC

Tm SiC

Tm SiC

Tm SiC

10mm

12mm

12mm

84,27

83,82

60

Al2O3

9,94

3,90

16

SiO2

14,40

14,55

20

Fe2O3

0,30

0,50

1,25

Khi lng th tch, 2,70

g/cm3

2,45

2,4

xp biu kin,%

20

17

18,4

13,3

Hm lng,%

10,8

bn un nhit
cao, N/mm2 1200oC
71,8
3. p dng

Tiu chun Vt liu chu la - Phng php xc nh bn un nhit cao sau khi
c xy dng v ban hnh l tiu chun phng php th duy nht xc nh bn un
ca vt liu chu la nhit cao, l mt trong b tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 6530- Cc
phng php xc inh tnh cht c l nhit vt liu chu la.
Tiu chun ny c tnh tng ng vi cc tiu chun quc t ISO, DIN, EN, GB nn p
dng c so snh kt qu vi cc sn phm c th nghim ngoi nc.
Vin Vt liu xy dng trang b thit b xc nh bn un Vt liu chu la nhit
cao. Thit b ph hp th nghim theo tiu chun ISO 5013, DIN 51048 v GB 3002. L
nung mu c nhit lm vic ti a 1500 oC. Lc un ti a 10KN. Chu trnh nung v tc
gia ti ln mu th c iu khin bng chng trnh phn mm. Kt qu th nghim c
chnh xc cao.
ThS. Cao Tin Ph
(Ngun tin: T/C Gm s xy dng, s 42, 3/2007)