SEDIMENTARY ROCKS are classified by the types of sediments that make up the rock

Sediments
What are
sediments?

Def: small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or other living things (may
include shells, bones, leaves, stems, etc

Processes

How sediments form into sedimentary rock: Write the steps in order
w/descriptions

Erosion
(wash away)
Deposition
(drop down)

Forces running water, wind, or ice loosen & carry away fragments of rock

Sediments settle out of the water or wind carrying them & they sink to the bottom of
the lake or ocean

Compaction
(smashed
together)

Process that presses sediments together. Thick layers of sediment build up over time &
weigh down the layers compacting the sediments.

Cementation
(glued
together)

Process in which dissolved minerals crystallize & glue particles of sediment together,
dissolved minerals seep into the spaces between particles & then harden

Types

(Define each type:

Give details about how each type

forms:
Shale - forms from tiny particles of clay

Clastic Rock

Def: Made from rock fragments that

are squeezed together.

Sandstone - forms from sand on beaches, ocean

floor, river beds, etc.
Conglomerate - forms from rounded sediment.
Breccia - forms from larger, sharp fragments of

sediments.

Organic Rock

Chemical
Rock
Uses
Building
Materials
And Tools:
Fossils

Def: Forms where the remains of

plants & animals are deposited in
thick layers

Coal forms from swamp plants buried in water for

Def: Forms when minerals that are

dissolved in a solution crystallize

Limestone forms from calcite in dissolved seas,

millions of years.
Limestone forms in the ocean from hard shells with
calcite from seashells, coral, clams & oysters or
skeletons that pile up on the ocean floor for millions
of years slowly changing the sediment to limestone

lakes & underground caves.

Rock Salt forms from halite by evaporation

What things have been made from sedimentary rocks?

Flint Arrowheads
Sandstone The White House
Limestone - used as blocks & slabs for buildings, making cement & steel
ONLY FOUND IN SEDIMENTARY ROCK!!!