Risk factors associated with frequent vibrio based diarrhoeal outbreaks in North East

India- A review
Mahendra Kumar Verma and MV Raghavendra Rao
Abstract
The Vibrio based diarrheal outbreaks and associated casualties remain a major problem
worldwide. The impact of diarrheal outbreaks led to more than 5 million casualties every year
and precisely in developing nations. Cholera is a potentially epidemic and life-threatening
secretory diarrhoea characterized by numerous, voluminous watery stools, often accompanied
by vomiting, and resulting in hypovolemic shock and acidosis. It is caused by certain
members of the Vibrio species which can also cause mild or inapparent infections. The
vibrios possess several virulence genes works under regulation of two virulence regulators
ToxR and TcpP. Both the virulence regular work independly and have precise synchronization
favourable to pathogenesis. Along with native virulence capacity vibrios are often supported
by environmental factors (non-genetic) in causing diarrhoeal outbreaks and Cholera. In the
list of non-genetic risk factors role of chitn and pH of environment play a crucial role in
sustaining pathogen in harsh conditions. Apart from these, non-genetic factor also facilitate in
acquiring novel virulence genes and result in emergence of novel strains. In this review,
author has given more emphasis in understanding a link between genetic and non-genetic risk
factor in vibrios and result in diarrhoeal outbreak in Indian population.
Keywords
Mahendra Kumar Verma
Doctoral Student
Department of Biotechnology
Acharya Nagarjuna University,
Guntur 522 019, Andhra Pradesh, India
Email id mahendraverma2015@outlook.com
Contact No +919492901641, 9494414620
*Dr MV Raghavendra Rao
Professor of Microbiology & Associate Dean
Avalon University, School of Medicine,
Curacao, Caribbean Netherlands,
Central America
Email id dr.raghavendra@avalonu.org
Contact No

Introduction

Molecular mechanism

Risk factors