Working at Heights Safety Procedure
Working at Heights Safety Procedure
1. OVERVIEW............................................................................................3
2. SCOPE..................................................................................................3
3. DEFINITION...........................................................................................4
4. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES...............................................................7
4.1 Qantas Property Account Manager/Facilities Management Service
Provider (Issuing Authority)......................................................................7
4.2 Property Development Manager.......................................................8
4.3 Work Supervisor (Applicant).............................................................8
4.4 Shared Services OHS, Risk and Compliance Department....................9
5. RISK MANAGEMENT...............................................................................9
5.1 Work At Height Register (Building Hazard Register)...........................9
5.2 Risk Assessment Qantas Group Risk Assessment Guide (QRAG)........9
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
Working at Height......................................................................................................................... 9
Working on a Roof...................................................................................................................... 10
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.4
Generic......................................................................................................................................... 11
Operations near Overhead Powerlines.....................................................................................11
5.4.1
5.5
General........................................................................................................................................ 13
5.5.1
5.5.1.1
5.5.1.2
5.5.1.3
5.5.1.4
5.5.1.5
5.5.1.6
5.5.2
5.5.3
5.5.4
5.5.5
5.5.6
5.5.7
5.5.8
5.6
5.6.1
5.6.2
Ladders........................................................................................................................................ 13
Portable ladders...................................................................................................................... 14
Pitch angle............................................................................................................................... 14
Portable ladder footing and stability.....................................................................................15
Step ladders............................................................................................................................. 15
Fixed ladders........................................................................................................................... 15
Inspection, care and maintenance of ladders.......................................................................16
Edge protection.......................................................................................................................... 16
Fall prevention harness systems.............................................................................................. 16
Scaffolding.................................................................................................................................. 16
Mobile work platforms................................................................................................................ 17
Elevated Working Platform (EWP)............................................................................................. 18
Anchor Points............................................................................................................................. 18
Industrial Rope Access Systems (Abseiling)...........................................................................19
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 2 of 26
1.
Overview
The aim of this document is to provide information, guidance and instruction for the Qantas Property Account
Manager/Facilities Management Service Provider/Work Supervisor to have a good knowledge and
understanding of the working at heights process. This is to ensure work requiring a Working at Height Permit
can be carried out safely without the potential of risk and injury to person(s) or damage to properties or plant
under the control of the Qantas Group.
The Qantas Property Account Manager/Facilities Management Service Provider must ensure:
all areas defined as working at height have been identified;
Risk Assessments (RA)/Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS)/Job Safety Analysis (JSA) have
been assessed and completed before a Working at Heights Permit can be issued and signed off;
all risk controls (in line with the Hierarchy of Controls) are implemented as per the RA/SWMS/JSA;
suppliers have carried out relevant training;
monitoring and inspection programs have been identified, developed and are regularly scheduled
and inspected (e.g. annual facility inspections including roof areas); and
all Working at Heights Permits are issued as per Qantas Group Property Services requirements and
in line with relevant legislative requirements, Codes of Practices, Australian Standards, etc.
2.
Scope
This procedure is limited to areas classified as working at height and is applicable to Qantas Property
Services employees and Suppliers so they have a good understanding of requirements when they are
required to conduct working at height activities. This procedure is to be used in conjunction with the Qantas
Group Fatal Risk Management Working at Heights.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 3 of 26
3.
Definition
Accredited Person
An employee or contractor who provided evidence (to Qantas) which clearly articulates their
accreditation.
Note: The accreditation would have been issued by a registered training organisation (RTO).
Acts
After a Bill has been passed by both Houses of Parliament, it is presented to the GovernorGeneral for the Royal Assent. Once the Assent is given, the Bill is an Act. An Act is the statement
of a law made by Parliament.
Anchorage
A secure point for attaching a lanyard, lifeline or other component of a travel restraint system or
fall-arrest system.
Applicant/Recipient
The person in direct charge of the Works or the person performing the Works. The Applicant
may be a Qantas staff member or an approved Supplier.
Area Supervisor
A person that is responsible for and has direct knowledge of the operational activities, and
control of works being undertaken in the work area. This may be a Line Manager, Supervisor,
Engineering Duty Maintenance Manager, Duty Engineer or any other person who is accountable
for the area.
Authorised Person
The person that provides a signed Authority to the person performing the task, when they meet
the set criteria. The authorised person has been assessed as competent against an approved
training standard, licensed (if applicable), qualified and authorised to undertake the required
work.
Authority to
Commence Work
(ATCW)
A formalised process that is used when Suppliers or other persons are carrying out Works
outside their designated place(s) of work. The ATCW is not required for maintenance activities on
aircraft and operational activities on or for aircraft (e.g. ramp operations, customer services
personnel carrying out operational duties on the ramp, etc), providing that such personnel are
appropriately inducted for all of the areas that they are working in.
Codes of Practice
Industry codes of practice provide practical guidance and advice on how to achieve the standard
required by the Act and regulation. Codes of practice are developed through consultation with
representatives from industry, workers and employers, special interest groups and government
agencies.
Competent Person
A person who has, through a combination of training, education and experience, acquired
knowledge and skills enabling that person to perform a specified task correctly.
Designated Place(s)
of Work
This refers to the place or places where Qantas personnel or permanent suppliers normally work.
Personnel must be inducted to their designated place(s) of work, including any refresher training
specified by local management. Normally a person will not have multiple designated places of
work.
Double or Triple
Action Device
Is a self-closing hook or karabiner with a keeper latch which will automatically close and remain
closed until manually opened. These units have a minimum of at least two distinct and
deliberate consecutive actions to manually open them.
Emergency
An emergency is an adverse situation where there is the potential for injury, threat to life or
severe damage to property.
Elevated Work
Platform (EWP)
A telescoping device, scissor device, articulated device, crane attachment or any combination
thereof used to position personnel, equipment and materials at work locations above or below
the base support surface.
Facilities
Management
Provider
An authorised supplier acting on behalf of Qantas to carry out approved tasks such as acting as
the Issuing Authority, engaging Suppliers and Sub-suppliers, etc.
Falls
Falls Rescuer
Flowchart
Free Fall
Any fall or part of a fall where the person falling is under the unrestrained influence of gravity
over any fall distance, either vertically or on a slope on which it is not possible to walk without
the assistance of a handrail or hand line.
Group Property
Services Department
A Qantas Shared Services department which is responsible for property related assets. The
office hours are 06:00 to 18:00hrs (Any work outside of these office hours is considered out of
hours work).
Inertia Reel
Is a type 2 or 3 fall arrest device that arrests a fall by locking onto a line and at the same time
allows freedom of movement.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 4 of 26
Issuing Authority
The Issuing Authority is a licensed (if applicable), and/or competent person (or entity) and
ensures that the performance of work, where particular hazards or adverse conditions are
involved, is done in accordance with the relevant legislation.
This refers to the person or an authorised Supplier (e.g. Facilities Maintenance Provider acting
on behalf of Qantas) raising the Work Order and ATCW Form. Where a Business Unit within the
Qantas Group engages a Supplier that business becomes the Issuing Authority e.g. Group
Property, Airports, Catering, etc. The Area Supervisor may take the role when an urgent
response is required prior to the issue of a Work Order and ATCW Form.
A risk management tool that requires each of the tasks within the Works to be broken down into
the major steps to identify, assess and control the risks/hazards within each major step. For the
purposes of this document, JSA also means Job Task Analysis (JTA) and Job Hazard Analysis (JHA).
Karabiner
A metal type of connector that can be attached to an anchorage point. They should be selfclosing and self or manual locking and capable of being opened only at least two consecutive
deliberate manual actions.
Lanyard
An assembly consisting of a line and components which will enable connection between a
harness and an anchorage point and will absorb energy in the event of a fall.
Legal Register
Legislation
Location
Maintenance
Maintenance Work
Authority (MWA)
Manufacturers
Instructions
Applies to written rules affixed to high voltage equipment by the manufacturer and any other
safe systems elected by the manufacturer in the associated equipment manual.
Personal Energy
Absorber
A device which reduces the deceleration force imposed when a fall is suddenly arrested, and
correspondingly reduces the loadings on the anchorage and the persons body. The energy
absorber may either be a separate item or manufactured as part of the lanyard.
Plant
Any machinery, equipment, appliance, implement or tool and any component, fitting,
connection, mounting or accessory used in or in conjunction with such.
Portable Earthing
Device (PED)
Portable earthing equipment of approved type and size used to earth parts of a circuit where an
earthing switch is not available.
Qantas Group
The QRAG is a tool that provides a common language and scale to assess and report risks within
the Qantas Group. The guide provides the basis for consistent risk assessment and escalation
across the Qantas Group.
Qantas Manager
Property
Development
The Manager responsible for the oversight of the Property Development Team, which provides
comprehensive property project management services ensuring efficient project delivery and
timely supply of a fully compliant facility for client occupancy.
A team dedicated to taking Facilities Maintenance related calls/enquires for Qantas properties,
assets, plant etc. The call centre usually resides with the Facilities Management Provider (or
otherwise with Qantas).
Qantas Property
Officer
As specifically applied to this document, the term 'Property Officer' is used to describe any
Property Manager, Facilities Maintenance (FM) Controller, FM Account Manager and FM Technical
Advisor authorised to manage property/asset maintenance related works and/or Property
Development Managers involved in project planning or development related works on behalf of
Qantas Group Property Services.
Radiofrequency (RF)
Radio Frequency (RF) is generally known as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum
between 3kHz 300GHz.
Regulations
Regulations support the general requirements of the ACT and provide more detail on how to
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 5 of 26
Something for which one is responsible and is required to do as part of a job, role, or legal
obligation.
Risk
A risk has two components, being consequence and likelihood (probability). These components
directly relate to a hazard.
As per the Qantas Quick Reference Risk Assessment Guide a risk assessment involves the
following steps: establishing context, risk identification, risk analysis (consequence and
likelihood), risk evaluation and risk mitigation.
Risk of a Fall
Circumstance that exposes a worker while at work, or other person while at or in the vicinity of a
workplace, to a risk of a fall that is reasonably likely to cause injury to the worker or other
person.
A SWMS, Safe Work Procedure (SWP) or a Safe Operating Procedure (SOP), which may include a
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a part of a workplace safety plan. It gives specific instructions on how
to safely perform a work related task, or operate a piece of plant or equipment safely.
A SWMS must
outline a safe method of work for a specific job;
provide an induction document that workers must read and understand before starting a job;
meet legal requirements;
hazard identification, assessment and control in accordance with the Risk Assessment
process outlined in the Qantas Group Risk Assessment Guide;
program work, materials, time, staff, and to anticipate possible problems; and
be used as a tool in quality assurance.
Safety Stand-By
A competent person assigned to remain on the outside of and in close proximity to the confined
space and capable of being in continuous communication with and, if practical, observing those
inside.
In addition, where necessary, the competent person may operate and monitor
equipment for the safety of personnel in the confined space and initiate emergency response.
Standards
Usually a formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria, methods,
processes and practices
Static Line
A horizontal or substantially horizontal line in which a lanyard may be attached and which is
designed to arrest a free fall.
Supplier
Total Fall Distance
Visual Vault
Work at Height
Accessing, egressing, ascending, descending or working in any position where a person can slip
and/or fall from, into or through anything from one level to another. This also includes where
objects could fall from one level to another.
Work Order
A document that is used to initiate approved day-to-day maintenance and operational activities
associated to Qantas assets.
Work Supervisor
A competent person who is in direct charge of carrying out repairs, cleaning or making
adjustments to plant, equipment or process.
Working at Height
Permit
Form to be completed by supplier (contractor) and signed by the Qantas Property Office
acknowledging presence of works been under taken at height and indicating control measures to
be used.
Works
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 6 of 26
4.
all height work carried out by and on behalf of Qantas Group Property Services is planned
and in accordance with the applicable work procedures contained within this document;
RAs are completed for the facilities and relevant RAs located in the Qantas Group Property
Services Building Hazard Register are provided to the Work Supervisor;
work at height/roof risk assessments and the Qantas Group Property Services Building
Hazard Register are updated as necessary to reflect the any changes to the building
conditions following new capital or maintenance works;
facility based RAs are completed with the Qantas Property Account Manager/Facilities
Management Service Provider and relevant Suppliers;
all reasonably foreseeable workplaces and activities, where working at height is to be
performed for Qantas owned and leased buildings are identified, registered and risk
assessed in accordance with this procedure and the Qantas Risk Assessment Guide
(QRAG);
relevant documents containing the proposed work methods eg SMWS, JSA's, etc are
reviewed, taking into account identified hazards and establishing appropriate controls. For
remote area work this shall include a rescue plan in accordance with this procedure;
the location specific Working at Height Risk Assessment is attached to the applicable permit
and ensure the high risk permit is issued to the Work Supervisor;
the original SWMS/JSA/RA and permit is retained within Visual Vault or equivalent repository
system;
RA reports are to be kept for five years after the date of preparation
all personnel nominated as a Falls Rescuer on a rescue plan have received appropriate
rescue training;
all staff charged with responsibility for managing work at height activities (as defined in this
procedure) are properly and adequately trained, resourced and supported to enable them to
fully comply with these procedures;
all personnel who are required to perform works related to working at height are made aware
of this procedure and its requirements;
communication with personnel carrying out the works at height will be based on the risk level
approach for the works being undertaken e.g. where a roof has low integrity regular
communication must be maintained between the supplier and the issuing authority;
a copy of the Work Order(s) is to be supplied to the Applicant (Note: where an urgent works
request results in works being undertaken prior to the issue of a Work Order, the Work Order
reference number may be left blank for completion later);
where an access request relates to a roof or ceiling space where a radiofrequency (RF)
hazard is known to exist, all personnel must review, sign the 'Site Radiation Folder' (for NSW
only) and endorse the RA accordingly;
the issuing of roof access keys is controlled;
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 7 of 26
the issue of a roof key to the Work Supervisor for roof access occurs only upon receipt of a
completed RA and Working at Heights Permit. Note: each individual must present
themselves and sign on with the Qantas Property Officer in attendance;
only competent, appropriately experienced and qualified suppliers are engaged;
spot audits are performed to confirm work is proceeding as per the nominated control
measures and that only those personnel endorsed on the Working at Heights Permit are
present in the work area;
periodic audits and inspections of all roofs are conducted annually and the correlating RA is
reviewed with all parties every two years;
hazards and incidents associated with working at height are investigated on behalf of
Qantas Group Property Services;
periodic safety inspections of suppliers works are conducted;
any non-compliance to these procedures are investigated and rectified, where required.
all new designs and modifications are designed, constructed and certified appropriately in
accordance with the requirements to provide safe work at heights as specified in this
procedure and in accordance with the relevant Australian Standards and State legislative
requirements as documented in the RA.
the Authority to Commence Work (ATCW) and high risk permit are requested to the Qantas
Property Account Manager/Facilities Management Service Provider.
direct supervision is provided during the work activity of heights/roof or within the ceiling
space;
unauthorised access to any roof/roof space or working at height activities is NOT attempted
without reporting it to the Qantas Property Account Manager/Facilities Management Service
Provider;
a RA for each working at height activity is conducted;
control measures that are deemed necessary for working at height has been documented in
the assessment documents eg RA/JAA/SWMS and Working at Heights Permit;
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 8 of 26
where access request in NSW relates to a roof with a known RF hazard existing, the Site
Radiation Folder' is reviewed, signed and the RA is signed;
the ATCW process and issuing of a high risk permit is followed prior to the work activity for
height/roofs are performed (Note: a new RA and Working at Heights Permit is required per
shift. RAs must take into account changing circumstances such as inclement weather, new
hazards introduced by adjacent activities, etc);
the original Working at Heights Permit is retained for the duration of the work and signed off
by all personnel vacating the area;
all other related procedures such as Asbestos Management, Confined Space Entry, etc are
adhered to;
the SWMS/JSA is submitted to the Qantas Property Account Manager/Facilities
Management Service Provider to allow the permit to be issued;
the agreed control measures remain in place throughout the duration of the work;
any additional hazards/risks that are identified when working at height i.e. whilst working on
the roof/ceiling space must be escalated to the issuing authority;
on completion of works the worker must remove all work tools/equipment, conduct the
necessary housekeeping, secure the work area e.g. locking of access door to the roof, sign
off the Working at Height Permit, report back to the Qantas Property Account Manager/
Facilities Management Service Provider, return access key before leaving the work site; and
must assist, when requested be involved in a facility based RA.
5.
legislation is reviewed and the applicable changes are reflected in this procedure;
RA reports are to be kept for five years after the date of preparation; and
Risk management
The RA process is important to identify hazards/risk and determine appropriate controls. This will
assist with determining a safe working method when developing the SWMS/JSA/SOP. The RA
should be undertaken by a team consisting of a competent person to lead the RA, employees or
supervisors who are to undertake the activity, and other stakeholders or experts prior to undertaking
the work task.
Prior to any activity or task commencing, planning of the work to be carried is required at the first
step to ensure the safety of a person working at height. The RA process must be completed prior to
the work starting and consideration given to controls such as work platforms, barriers or fall restraint.
(Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011 Part 4.4).
The RAs shall be formalised and documented and should cover, as a minimum:
the entire activity from the preparation of work until the work has been completed;
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 9 of 26
the RA shall identify all hazards associated with the task. which may include, but not be
limited to:
work in the vicinity of live high voltage apparatus, low voltage apparatus and other cable
systems;
work on high voltage apparatus; and/or
using elevated working platforms, mobile plant and equipment;
the RA shall identify permits that may be required for the work to be carried out, which
include, but are not limited to:
High Working at Heights Permit
the controls for managing the identified hazards/risk, which should be selected in descending
order as per the Hierarchy of Controls refer to section 5.2 Hierarchy of Controls
nature of the task (e.g. hot work sparks, chemicals, etc. that could affect fall protection
equipment);
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 10 of 26
structural adequacy and integrity of supports where work is occurring from or on;
5.2.2Working on a Roof
A Working at Height risk assessment shall be completed for all Qantas owned and leased
buildings/infrastructure. The risk assessment shall identify the hazards associated with each roof
and the controls required for its access and work activities to occur. Requirements such as
permitting only workers who have completed a Working at Heights Safety Awareness course to work
with harnessing equipment and ensuring that a suitable rescue plan is developed and will be
documented in the risk assessment. Each buildings risk assessment shall be reviewed every two
years by a Qantas Property Account Manager/Facilities Management Service Provider and Suppliers
carrying out works on the roof.
The necessary controls for access and safe work on a roof must be signposted at the access points
to each roof. Before access to a roof is permitted, suppliers are required to complete and forward a
copy of their SWMS, Roof Risk Assessment and request a Working at Height Permit to the Qantas
Property Account Manger/Facilities Management Service Provider.
There are a number of hazards that may exist as a result of working on roofs or within ceiling spaces
(as opposed to work at heights). These include:
Radio frequency;
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 11 of 26
1. Eliminate
2. Substitute
3. Isolation
4. Administrative
Worst Control
5. PPE
Example of Control
Avoid working at height
Provide alternative means of access to the area or item to
which access is required to avoid the risk of a fall e.g.
walkways.
Barricade or enclose the fall-risk so that it cannot be
reached e.g. hard bunting, handrail, and scaffolding.
Erect signage notifying working at height and develop
procedures for working at height e.g. warning signs,
Working at Height Procedure.
Use Personal Protective Equipment which either prevents
a fall or reduces risk or severity of a fall e.g. Harness,
Lanyard, etc.
5.3.1Generic
Once all the potential hazards have been identified the nominated controls need to established in
line with the hierarchy of controls and be documented in the risk assessment.
Some generic controls associated with work at height are as follows:
The area around and beneath any overhead work should be barricaded and signposted to
protect and restrict the entry of unauthorised personnel for the duration of the work
overhead;
No lone work at height is permitted therefore a minimum work crew of two is required.
Appropriate means of communication should be agreed prior to work on site and should
include communication to personnel on the ground. This is generally communicated via
radio or phone to the Qantas Property Account Manager/Facilities Management Service
Provider; and
No external work at height/roofs is permitted in poor weather (high winds, extreme
temperatures, driving rain).
Note: If powerlines are to be de-energised, arrangements should be made with the electricity entity,
or person in control of the line, as early as possible when planning work. The de-energising process
can take some time and, depending on the circumstances, may delay work. Where powerlines have
been de-energised, confirmation should be sought from the person in control of the power line.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 12 of 26
Table 1: Exclusion zones for high voltage overhead insulated electric line for operating plant or
vehicles operated by untrained persons.
Table 2: Exclusion zones for high voltage overhead insulated electric line and for operating plant and
vehicles operated by authorised or instructed persons.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 13 of 26
For further information refer to the Electrical Safety Code of Practice Working near Exposed Live
Parts.
The safety observer zone is designed to encourage plant operators to locate their equipment so that
the risk of it entering the exclusion zone is minimal. When this is not possible, adopt other suitable
precautions to prevent encroachment into the exclusion zone.
Diagram 1: Exclusion Zone when working with plant and equipment
5.5.1Ladders
When using ladders, the SWMS shall ensure that ladders are not used as a platform of work (or to
support planks) for work at height. Alternative arrangements such as mobile or installed scaffold,
elevated work platforms (EWPs), fall restraint system access etc. should be utilised.
Fixed ladders shall comply with AS 1657 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders or AS
3995 Design of lattice towers and masts.
Portable ladders shall comply with Australian Standards:
AS 1892.2 Portable ladders Part 2: Timber
Ladders may only be used in excess of two metres as a means of access to a safe working platform
or area and should be one metre beyond the height of access ensuring that the ladder complies to
Australian Standard 1892 Portable Ladders. All portable ladders shall comply with the relevant
Australian Standard, be fit for purpose, and have the correct rating for the person using the ladder.
5.5.1.1
Portable ladders
Portable ladders may be used only if the following are adhered to:
Industrial ladders used have a load rating of 120kg;
Portable ladders shall have a non-slip device fixed to the base of each ladder;
The floor around the foot of each ladder shall be free from all obstacles;
No person shall use the top rungs of the ladder that are less than one metre from the top,
unless an approved working platform has been provided.
A person may climb or descend a ladder without fall protection provided that they are able to
use both hands and legs to do so, they face the ladder whilst descending and use one step
at a time;
Only light duty work is to be undertaken while on the ladder if it reasonably practicable,
where three points of contact can be maintained, tools can be operated safely with one hand
and all the risk has been outline in the SWMS/JSA/RA;
Ladders shall be securely tied off or supported below at all times when in use;
Ladders shall not be left unattended in a location that is readily accessible and frequented by
the public;
Only one person shall be on the ladder at any time;
Both feet are to remain on the ladder and the workers upper body shall lean into the ladder
whilst conducting work, unless a fall restraint device is in use;
Work is not to be performed on a portable ladder if the workers body needs to extend
beyond the boundaries of either side of the ladder. If so, then alternative methods of fall
prevention shall be identified and used; and/or
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 15 of 26
5.5.1.2
If work is to be performed where a workers feet are above two metres from a surface then it
is deemed to be working at heights and additional fall protection must be utilised.
Pitch angle
A portable ladder should be positioned at a slope of 1 in 4 e.g. a 4.0 metre long ladder should be
placed with the foot of the ladder 1 metre out from the wall as illustrated in diagram 2.
5.5.1.3
Ladders should be fitted with rubber feet (or similar non-slip material) and should not be used on a
slippery surface unless suitable means to prevent slipping are used. They should be erected on a
firm and level footing. Where necessary the feet of the ladder should be packed or the ground
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 16 of 26
5.5.1.4
Step ladders
Ensure the legs of a stepladder are fully spread and braces locked into position before ascending.
Do not climb or stand on the top two steps or rear horizontal braces of a stepladder.
Certain specialised types of stepladders are constructed with a platform surrounded by a handrail.
These ladders are particularly useful for handling items located at a specific height compatible with
the height of the platform.
5.5.1.5
Fixed ladders
In areas where fixed ladders are installed, they should be in accordance with AS 1657 Fixed
platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders design, construction and installation or AS 3995
Design of lattice towers and masts.
When climbing a fixed ladder a rule of one person on the ladder at all times should be adopted.
Three points of contact should be maintained at all times and items to be carried should be limited
and kept secure.
Access to fixed ladders in a work environment should be restricted to authorised personnel, signage
installed regarding the hazard and use of fall-arrest equipment if required. Fixed ladders should be
secured against climbing by the general public if in an uncontrolled area.
5.5.1.6
Ladders should be regularly inspected by a competent person in accordance with the manufacturers
recommendations. Ladders with any of the following faults must be replaced or repaired: fibreglass
stiles cracked, chipped or severely faded with fibres exposed, metal stiles twisted, bent, kinked or
crushed, cracked welds, damaged feet rungs, steps, treads or top plates that are missing, worn,
damaged or loose tie rods missing, broken or loose ropes, braces or brackets that are missing,
fasteners, rivets, bolts and pins that are broken, worn, missing, loose or bent, and/or worn or
damaged feet, including non-slip material.
5.5.2Edge protection
Edge protection, often referred to as a guard rail system is used to reduce the risk of a person
falling from one level to another. Edge protection must be provided to the edge of a scaffold, fixed
stair, landing, suspended slab, formwork or false work, where a person is at risk of falling.
Edge protection should consist of guard rails, solid balustrades or other structural components, for
example wire mesh supported by posts and provided with a reinforced top edge. The top of the
guard rail or component should be between 900 mm and 1100 mm above the working surface. If a
guard rail system is used, it should also have mid-rails and toe boards or wire mesh infill panels.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 17 of 26
Personnel performing or supervising work at heights requiring the use of harnesses and fall
protection systems will be required to hold one of the following:
WorkCover (or equivalent) EWP ticket;
Other recognised equivalent training package covering the correct usage, inspection and
maintenance of harness systems along with rescue considerations.
Note: The Facilities Management Provider will provide training for all employees/contractors with an
on-going need to use working at height skills or supervise others doing the same. Refresher training
will be conducted as specified by the individual licensing organisations eg Chubb.
5.5.4Scaffolding
Personnel who erect, alter or dismantle a scaffold over four metres without direct supervision are
required to be accredited in accordance with the relevant State WorkCover requirements. All
scaffolding is to be erected in compliance with Australian Standard 1576. Scaffolding Part 1: General
Requirements.
Floors must be rated for the assessed load capacity and loads restricted to that capacity. Scaffolding
work platforms are generally rated as light, medium or heavy duty. The different ratings and the
explanation are outlined below:
Light duty scaffolding is scaffolding of up to 225 kg per bay. This is suitable for plastering,
painting, electrical work and other light tasks. Platforms must be at least two planks (450
mm) wide.
Medium duty scaffolding is scaffolding of up to 450 kg per bay. This is suitable for carpentry
and most other general trades work. Platforms should be at least four planks (900 mm) wide.
Heavy duty scaffolding is scaffolding of up to 675 kg per bay. This is needed for bricklaying,
concreting, demolition and most work tasks involving heavy loads or heavy impact forces.
Platforms should be at least five planks (approximately 1100 mm) wide.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 18 of 26
Work shall only be carried out utilising a complete scaffolding or temporary work platform, unless the
work involves erection or dismantling of the scaffolding or work platform. Scaffolding is provided with
full floors, toe boards and guardrails. The area around erected scaffolding or work platforms shall be
barricaded to prevent access from beneath, thus ensuring the risk from falling objects is low.
Fall protection is not required provided the following criteria are met:
An appropriate means of access and egress is provided that conforms to the relevant ladder
requirements;
Access and egress shall, where possible, not allow gaps to remain in the floor of the
scaffold;
If access to the scaffolding platform results in gaps in the flooring, such gaps shall be hard
barricaded and be surrounded by toe boards to prevent people and/or equipment from
falling; and
The occupant(s) of the scaffold shall not attempt to step out of the confines of the scaffold
except by using the provided means of access or egress.
If any of these criteria are not met, then fall protection shall be utilised.
Scaffolds should be erected and routinely checked by competent persons. Compliance certificate
should be displayed at the base of the scaffold and any hand over certificates should be kept with
the Working at Heights Permit. Scaff tags (or similar) shall be used to identify scaffolding under
construction or ready for use. This should be carried out every 30 days/modification of scaffolding/ or
after adverse weather conditions.
Necessary handrails and toe-boards must be fitted. Stairways, landings, and open-ended platforms
must be fitted with toe-boards.
Mobile platforms should be constructed to the relevant standards and deemed suitable for
the task at hand based on a risk assessment;
Mobile platforms that are mounted on wheels shall have all wheels or travel device secured
whilst the platform is in use;
Mobile platforms should have handrails that extend the full length of the access/egress and
work area;
If work is to be carried out on the platform, then a safety chain shall be erected to restrict
access to the ladder section of the platform whilst work is being performed. Any steps on the
mobile platform should have anti slip devices installed; and
The area around the mobile platform shall be free of obstructions and the floor clean and
devoid of slippage.
When using a mobile platform to gain access to a work area, suitable controls must exist to reduce
any work at height
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 19 of 26
The parts of the EWP subject to deterioration though corrosion, damage, wear, abrasion and
like effects are replaced before they become unserviceable;
The EWP is maintained in a safe, a serviceable condition;
An EWP that has multiple users throughout the day, has a daily pre-operational check
performed that is to be conducted by the operator or a competent person; and
Pre start checks/logbook to be completed before work commences.
EWPs, including Scissor Lifts, Crane Workboxes, Forklift Workboxes and its attachments shall not
be used without additional fall protection in place during operation. They shall have complete toe
boards fitted and all tools and equipment shall be secured in such a way that will prevent items from
falling.
5.5.7Anchor Points
Anchor points shall, where practicable, be above the head of the worker and must ensure that in the
event of a fall the worker will neither swing nor touch the ground. Dedicated anchor points shall not
be used unless a compliance plate has been attached immediately adjacent to it. These anchor
points must not be used for any other lifting purposes. All dedicated anchor points shall be tested
and approved in accordance with the relevant Australian Standard.
Where no such dedicated anchor points exist, an engineered anchor point, such as a structural
beam shall be used. Only personnel who have been trained and deemed competent shall be allowed
to construct such anchor points. Typically the following can be used as anchor points:
Beams and hoist rails specifically rated for lifting eg come-along beams;
Structural steel supporting beams eg braces, cross members purlins, etc; and
Points or brackets specifically designed for fall arrest devices to Australian Standards.
Cable trays;
Areas remote to mobile EWPs e.g. anchoring outside the basket of a cherry picker or boom
lift. Exception is when preparing to egress from the work platform under the provision such
an action has been identified as the safest course in the SWMS, JSA or equivalent risk
assessment;
Portable ladders;
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 20 of 26
When creating an anchor point from beams and structural supports, approved and tagged,
slings shall be used in conjunction with karabiners as per work at heights training.
When attaching fall protection devices to an anchor point, double acting hooks or karabiners shall be
attached directly.
NOTE: When lanyards are to be used, they are NOT to be Choked Down on themselves under any
circumstances.
Operators should not work alone in case they require assistance in an emergency;
Industrial rope access systems should be installed only in a location where it is possible to
provide prompt assistance or rescue; and
A rescue plan for should be developed before the works are undertaken.
For more information regarding Industrial Rope Access systems refer to the Code of Practice
Managing the Risk of Falls at Workplaces.
5.6.2Frequency of Inspections
A visual inspection of all fall prevention equipment shall be undertaken by the Supplier/Qantas
Property Account Manager/Facilities Management Service Provider prior to each use of the
equipment. Belts, harnesses, lanyards and associated equipment shall be inspected by a competent
person every six months. Cat walks are inspected every six months by the Facilities Management
Service Provider and a record will be kept in their repository system eg 360facilty.
Anchorages and horizontal lifelines, rails, etc shall be inspected and certified every 12 months and a
copy of the inspection report to be stored in 360facility. Mechanical fall arrest devices should be
inspected every three months. It should be noted that harness, lanyards, etc. have a life cycle of only
ten years and once this is reached should be taken out of services and attach an out of service tag
prior to disposal.
A secure physical barrier to prevent objects falling freely from buildings or structures in or in
the vicinity of place of work;
Measures to arrest the fall of objects;
Barrier to close off work area underneath or other means to prevent persons working or
passing by underneath; and
Supervision of the area beneath, if needed.
6.
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 22 of 26
The Applicant must vacate the area immediately and inform Qantas Property Account
Manager/Facilities Management Services Provider if any of the above listed conditions have taken
place during the works as the permit will become invalid. The Qantas Property Account
Manager/Facilities Management Services Provider is responsible to rectify the occurrence, which
has taken place and shall then inform the Applicant that the area is now safe for works to be
undertaken and a new Working at Height Permit must be issued.
7.
8.
9.
record keeping
Qantas risk assessment reports are kept for five years after the date of preparation in the document
management system eg Visual Vault. Copies of ATCWs and Working at Height Permits should be
given to Facilities Management Service Provider, OHS, Risk & Compliance by the Issuing Authority
and shall be kept on file in the designated document management system eg Oneview along with the
work order for up 30 days or two years if an incident has occurred.
10. REFERENCE
MATERIAL
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 25 of 26
UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED - Please refer to SSMS (in Visual Vault) for an up-to-date copy.
Document Approver: Head of Property Services
Revision Number: 4
Document Owner: Manager OHS, Risk and Compliance
Document Last Revised:
8 April 2013
Document Number: E03 -00010 (SSMS 2.1)
Page: 26 of 26