MULTIPLICATION

Arrays and Patterns

Multiplication is
extended addition
Multiplication can be used in place of
counting or addition.
Multiplication can be used to find a total in a
group if the items can be combined into equal
groups.
Multiplication then serves as repeated
addition of groups instead of individuals.

Multiplication is
extended addition
For example:

These 12 items can be arranged into equal groups.

They could be arranged into 2

groups with 6 in each group

6 + 6 = 12
or
2 x 6 = 12

Or they could be arranged into 6

groups with 2 in each group

2+2+2+
2+2+2=
12

6 x 2 = 12

There are other ways to arrange

the 12 counters.

 As long as the items are arranged in equal

groups, the items can be organized into
any array.
An array is a visual representation, or a
picture, of a multiplication sentence.

This array is organized as 3 groups

with 4 items in each group.

4 + 4 + 4 = 12
3 x 4 = 12

This array is organized as 4 groups of 3.

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
4 x 3 = 12

When using an array to write a

multiplication sentence, or equation, it
is usually written as
The
number of
items in
each
group

The
number of
groups

The total
number of
items

For example, this array represents

4 x 5 = 20

4 IN EACH GROUP

5 GROUPS

4 IN EACH GROUP X 5 GROUPS = 20 TOTAL

So, 5 groups of 4 means

1 group of 4 + 1 group of 4 +
1 group of 4 + 1 group of 4 +
1 group of 4 =20

4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20
4 in each group x 5 groups = 20

4 x 5 = 20

What number sentences, or equations,

could you write to go with this array?

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 20

10 + 10 = 20
2 x 10 = 20

10 x 2 = 20

Now try doing this on your own.

Remember, when you build your

array, each group must be equal.

6 counters

3+3=6

2x3=6

2+2+2=6

3x2=6

14 counters

7 + 7 = 14

2 x 7 = 14

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 14

7 x 2 = 14