Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Denis
Denis
Romanian
Nationality
Romanian
Subjects
Luceafrul, Scrisoarea I
Veronica Micle
Children
None
Relatives
Contents [hide]
1
Life
1.1
Family
1.2
Early years
1.3
1870s
1.4
Works
2.1
Poetry
2.2
Prose
2.3
Romanian culture
3.1
National poet
3.2
Iconography
3.3
International legacy
Political views
References
5.1
Footnotes
5.2
Bibliography
External links
Life[edit]
Family[edit]
Family
In 1867, he joined Iorgu Caragiale's troupe as a clerk and prompter; the next
year he transferred to Mihai Pascaly's troupe. Both of these were among the
leading Romanian theatrical troupes of their day, the latter including Matei
Millo and Fanny Tardini-Vldicescu. He soon settled in Bucharest, where at the
end of November he became a clerk and copyist for the National Theater.
Throughout this period, he continued to write and publish poems. He also
paid his rent by translating hundreds of pages of a book by Heinrich Theodor
Rotscher, although this never resulted in a completed work. Also at this time
he began his novel Geniu pustiu (Wasted Genius), published posthumously in
1904 in an unfinished form.
On 1 April 1869, he was one of the co-founders of the "Orient" literary circle,
whose interests included the gathering of Romanian folklore and documents
relating to Romanian literary history. On 29 June, various members of the
"Orient" group were commissioned to go to different provinces. Eminescu was
assigned Moldavia. That summer, he quite by chance ran into his brother
Iorgu, a military officer, in Cimigiu Gardens, but firmly rebuffed Iorgu's
attempt to get him to renew ties to his family.
Still in summer 1869, he left Pascaly's troupe and traveled to Cernui and
Iai. He renewed ties to his family; his father promised him a regular
allowance to pursue studies in Vienna in the fall. As always, he continued to
write and publish poetry; notably, on the occasion of the death of the former
ruler of Wallachia, Barbu Dimitrie tirbei, he published a leaflet, La moartea
principelui tirbei ("On the Death of Prince tirbei").
1870s[edit]
In 1877 he moved to Bucharest, where until 1883 he was first journalist, then
(1880) editor-in-chief of the newspaper Timpul (The Time). During this time
he wrote Scrisorile, Luceafrul, Od n metru antic etc. Most of his notable
editorial pieces belong to this period, when Romania was fighting the
Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War of 18771878 and throughout the
diplomatic race that eventually brought about the international recognition of
Romanian independence, but under the condition of bestowing Romanian
citizenship to all subjects of Jewish faith. Eminescu opposed this and another
clause of the Treaty of Berlin: Romania's having to give southern Bessarabia
to Russia in exchange for Northern Dobrudja, a former Ottoman province on
the Black Sea.
From 1883, when Eminescu's crisis and deviant behaviors became evident
and until 1886, the poet was treated in Austria and Italy, by specialists that
managed to put him on his feet, as testified by his good friend, writer Ioan
Slavici.[5] In 1886, Eminescu suffered a nervous breakdown and was treated
by Romanian doctors, in particular Julian Bogdan and Panait Zosin.
Immediately diagnosed with syphilis, after being hospitalized in a nervous
diseases hospice within the Neam Monastery,[6] the poet is treated with
mercury. Firstly, massages in Botoani, applied by Dr. Itszak, and then in
Bucharest at Dr. uu's sanatorium, where between FebruaryJune 1889 he
was injected with mercuric chloride.[7] Professor Doctor Irinel Popescu,
corresponding member of the Romanian Academy and president of the
Academy of Medical Sciences of Romania, states that Eminescu died because
of mercury poisoning. He also says that the poet was "treated" by a group of
incompetent doctors and held in misery, which also shortened his life.[8]
Mercury was prohibited as treatment of syphilis in Western Europe in the 19th
century, because of its adverse effects.
One of the first hypotheses that disagreed with the post mortem findings for
Eminescu's cause of death was printed on 28 June 1926 in an article from the
newspaper Universul. This article forwards the hypothesis that Eminescu died
after another patient, Petre Poenaru, former headmaster in Craiova,[7] hit
him in the head with a board.[10]
Works[edit]
Nicolae Iorga, the Romanian historian, considers Eminescu the godfather of
the modern Romanian language.[citation needed] He is unanimously
celebrated as the greatest and most representative Romanian poet.
Poems and Prose of Mihai Eminescu (editor: Kurt W. Treptow, publisher: The
Center for Romanian Studies, Iai, Oxford, and Portland, 2000, ISBN 9739432-10-7) contains a selection of English-language renditions of Eminescu's
poems and prose.
Poetry[edit]
His poems span a large range of themes, from nature and love to hate and
social commentary. His childhood years were evoked in his later poetry with
deep nostalgia.
Eminescu's poems have been translated in over 60 languages. His life, work
and poetry strongly influenced the Romanian culture and his poems are
widely studied in Romanian public schools.
phrases from all Romanian regions, from old texts, and with new words that
he coined from his wide philosophical readings; (2) the use of bold
metaphors, much too rare in earlier Romanian poetry; (3) last but not least,
he was arguably the first Romanian writer who published in all Romanian
provinces and was constantly interested in the problems of Romanians
everywhere. He defined himself as a Romantic, in a poem addressed To My
Critics (Criticilor mei), and this designation, his untimely death as well as his
bohemian lifestyle (he never pursued a degree, a position, a wife or fortune)
had him associated with the Romantic figure of the genius. As early as the
late 1880s, Eminescu had a group of faithful followers. His 1883 poem
Luceafrul was so notable that a new literary review took its name after it.
That's how I knew him back then, and that is how he remained until his last
moments of well-being: cheerful and sad; sociable and crabbed; gentle and
abrupt; he was thankful for everything and unhappy about some things; here
he was as abstemious as a hermit, there he was ambitious to the pleasures of
life; sometimes he ran away from people and then he looked for them; he
was carefree as a Stoic and choleric as an edgy girl. Strange medley! happy
for an artist, unhappy for a man!
The portrait that Titu Maiorescu made in the study Eminescu and poems
emphasizes Eminescu's introvert dominant traits. Titu Maiorescu promoted
the image of a dreamer who was far away from reality, who did not suffer
because of the material conditions that he lived in, regardless of all the
ironies and eulogies of his neighbour, his main characteristic was "abstract
serenity".[16]
In reality, just as one can discover from his poems and letters and just as
Caragiale remembered, Eminescu was seldom under the influence of
boisterous subconscious motivations. Eminescu's life was but an overlap of
different-sized cycles, made up of sudden bursts that were nurtured by
dreams and crises due to the impact with reality. The cycles could last from a
few hours or days to weeks or months, depending on the importance of
events, or could even last longer, when they were linked to the events that
significantly marked his life, as such was his relation with Veronica, his
political activity during his years as a student, or the fact that he attended
the gatherings at the Junimea society or the articles he published in the
newspaper Timpul. He used to have a unique manner of describing his own
crisis of jealousy.[17]
You must know, Veronica, that as much as I love you, I sometimes hate you; I
hate you without a reason, without a word, only because I imagine you
laughing with someone else, and your laughter doesn't mean to him what it
means to me and I feel I grow mad at the thought of somebody else touching
you, when your body is exclusively and without impartasion to anyone. I
sometimes hate you because I know you own all these allures that you
charmed me with, I hate you when I suspect you might give away my fortune,
my only fortune. I could only be happy beside you if we were far away from
all the other people, somewhere, so that I didn't have to show you to anybody
and I could be relaxed only if I could keep you locked up in a bird house in
which only I could enter.
National poet[edit]
He was soon proclaimed Romania's national poet, not because he wrote in an
age of national revival, but rather because he was received as an author of
paramount significance by Romanians in all provinces. Even today, he is
considered the national poet of Romania, Moldova, and of the Romanians who
live in the Ukrainian occupied part of Bucovina.[citation needed]
Iconography[edit]
Several young Romanian writers provoked a huge scandal when they wrote
about their demystified idea of Eminescu and went so far as to reject the
"official" interpretation of his work.[18]
International legacy[edit]
A monument jointly dedicated to Eminescu and Allama Iqbal was erected in
Islamabad, Pakistan on 15 January 2004, commemorating Pakistani-Romanian
ties, as well as the dialogue between civilizations which is possible through
the cross-cultural appreciation of their poetic legacies. In 2004, the Mihai
Eminescu Statue was erected in Montral, Canada.[19]
Political views[edit]
Due to his conservative nationalistic views, Eminescu was easily adopted as
an icon by the Romanian right. A major obstacle to their fully embracing him
was the fact he never identified himself as a Christian and his poetry rather
indiscriminately uses Buddhist, Christian, agnostic, and atheist themes.
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Prinii, fraii, surorile lui Mihai Eminescu". Tribuna (in Romanian).
15 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Mircea Mciu dr., Nicolae C. Nicolescu, Valeriu uteu dr., Mic
dicionar enciclopedic, Ed. Stiinific i enciclopedic, Bucureti, 1986
Jump up ^ Biblioteca Academiei Program de accesare digitala a
manuscriselor Mihai Eminescu
Jump up ^ Titu Maiorescu, Eminescu i poeziile lui (1889) (seciunea "Not
asupra zilei i locului naterii lui Eminescu")
^ Jump up to: a b Constantinescu, Nicolae M. (September 2014). Bolile lui
Eminescu - adevr i mistificare [Eminescus illnesses between truth and
mystification] (in Romanian). 3. Science Policy and Scientometry Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b "MIHAI EMINESCU a fost asasinat. Teoria conspiraiei".
Romnia TV (in Romanian). 15 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Zamfirache, Cosmin (15 June 2015). "Adevrata cauz a
morii lui Mihai Eminescu. Dezvluirile specialitilor, la 126 de ani de la
moartea poetului". Adevrul (in Romanian).
Jump up ^ Roseti, Roxana (15 June 2014). "125 de ani de la moartea lui MIHAI
EMINESCU. Au pus la cale serviciile SECRETE eliminarea Poetului Naional?".
Evenimentul Zilei (in Romanian).
^ Jump up to: a b c Simion, Eugen; Popescu, Irinel; Pop, Ioan-Aurel (15
January 2015). Maladia lui Eminescu si maladiile imaginare ale
eminescologilor (in Romanian). Bucharest: National Foundation for Science
and Art.
Jump up ^ "Cum a murit Mihai Eminescu. 122 de ani de teorii si presupuneri".
Stirile Pro TV (in Romanian). 15 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Neghina, R.; Neghina, A. M. (26 March 2011). "Medical
controversies and dilemmas in discussion about the illness and death of Mihai
Eminescu (1850 1889), Romania's National Poet". Med. Probl. Performing
Artists. pp. 4450.
Jump up ^ "De ce a murit Mihai Eminescu? Rspunsul a 12 dintre cei mai
importani medici romni". Digi24 (in Romanian). 16 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Autor:Mihai Eminescu". wikisource.org.
Jump up ^ I.L. Caragiale, n Nirvana, n Ei l-au vzut pe Eminescu, Antologie
de texte de Cristina Crciun i Victor Crciun, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca,
1989, pag. 148
Jump up ^ I.L. Caragiale,n Nirvana, n Ei l-au vzut pe Eminescu, Antologie
de texte de Cristina Crciun i Victor Crciun, Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca,
1989 pag. 147
Jump up ^ Titu Maiorescu, Critice, vol. II, Editura pentru literatur, Bucureti,
1967, pag. 333
Jump up ^ Dulcea mea Doamn / Eminul meu iubit. Coresponden inedit
Mihai Eminescu Veronica Micle, Editura POLIROM, 2000 pag. 157
Jump up ^ "Saitul George Pruteanu "Scandalul" Eminescu... i replici".
pruteanu.ro. C1 control character in |title= at position 24 (help)
Jump up ^ "Allama Iqbal and Mihai Eminescu: Dialogue between
Civilizatioins(Surprising Resemblance)". pakpost.gov.pk.
Jump up ^ Ioanid, Radu (1996). Wyman, David S., ed. The Worls Reacts to the
Holocaust. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 228.
Jump up ^ Dietrich, D.J. (1988) National renewal, anti-Semitism, and political
continuity: A psychological assessment. Political Psychology 9, 385-411,
passim.
Bibliography[edit]
George Clinescu, La vie d'Eminescu, Bucarest: Univers, 1989, 439 p.
Marin Bucur (ed.), Caietele Mihai Eminescu, Bucureti, Editura Eminescu,
1972
Murrau, Dumitru (1983), Mihai Eminescu. Viaa i Opera, Bucharest:
Eminescu.
Petrescu, Ioana Em. (1972), Eminescu. Modele cosmologice i viziune poetic,
Bucharest: Minerva.
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