ARROGANCE

in

My Add Maths Module

Form V
(Version 2010)

Topic 21
by

NKL

10.1

Region That Satisfies A Linear Inequalities

1.

For a straight line ax + by = c,

If b > 0

If b < 0

y
ax + by c

ax + by c

ax + by = c

ax + by

ax + by = c

ax + by

x
Example 1: y x = 4

Example 2: x y = 1

y
yx

yx =4

yx

xy

2x y = 1

xy
4

0
-1

x
Example 3: 2y + 3x 1 = 0

Example 4:

6 3x = 2y

2y + 3x 1 = 0

6 3x = 2y
2y + 3x 4

3 3x

2y

2y + 3x 1

6 3x

2y

Exercise 10.1
Shade the region R on each of the following graphs that satisfies the linear inequalities given.
1) 2y

x;

y+x

6; y 0

2)

yx

2; x 5;, y 0

y
yx=2
x=5

y+x=6
2y = x

3) x 4; y 2x+1; y + x 3
y

x=4

4) y x; x 0; 2y + x + 5

y = 2x + 1

y
x
0
2y + x + 5 = 0

x
0

y+x3 =0

y = x

10.2.
No.

Mathematical Statements and Linear Inequalities

Mathematical Statement

Inequality

No.

Mathematical Statement

Inequality

1.

y is more than x

y>x

7.

The maximum value of x is k

yk

2.

y is less than x

y<x

8.

The minimum value of x is k

3.

y is not more than x

9.

Sum of x and y is not more than k

x + y kx

4.

y is not less than x

x
y x

xk

10.

y is more than x by at least k

y xk

5.

y is at least k times of x

y kx

11.

y is not more than k times of x

6.

y is at the most k times of x

y kx

12.

y must exceed x by at least k

y kx
y xk

Exercise 10.2
Write the equalities, beside x

0 and y 0, which describe the following situations.

1. The price of an exercise book is 60 sen and

the price of a pen is RM1.00. A student
wants to buy x exercise books and y pens
which satisfy the following conditions.
I. At least 3 pens are bought.
II. total number of exercise books and
pens bought must not exceed 10.
III. Amount spent is at the most RM8.00

3. A man has RM90 in coins. He has at least

RM15 in twenty sen coins and at least RM40
in fifty sen coins. The fifty sen coins are two
times more than the twenty sen coins in
number. Given the number of twenty sen coins
is x and the number of fifty sen coins is y.
Write three inequalities that satisfy the above
conditions.

2. An apple is priced 80 sen and an orange is

60 sen. A housewife has bought x apples
and y oranges which satisfy the following
conditions.
I.
II.

At least 10 apples are bought.

The total number of oranges and apples
are not more than 20.
III. The number of apples exceed two times
the number of oranges.
IV. Amount spent is at the most RM50.

4. A bakery shop sells two types of bread: Bread

A and Bread B. A piece of Bread A costs
RM2.20 while a piece of Bread B costs
RM2.50. The pieces of Bread A and Bread B
sold are x and y respectively. The following
condition conditions must be satisfied.
I. The sale of Bread A is at most RM1.60.
II. The total number of bread sold is less
than 500.
III. The total sale of the types of bread is at
least RM400

10.3

Objective Functions
To determine the objective or the goal of decision-maker or to make decision that refers to
optimum (maximise or minimise) quantity of k and is written in; ax + by = k, where a, b and
k are constants.
EXERCISE 10.3
Determine the objective function ax + by = k in each of the following situations.
1. The production costs of two kinds of cake,
A and B are 60 sen and 80 sen per piece
respectively. If a company produces x
pieces of cake A and y pieces of cake B,
form an objective function for the total
cost of production.
Answer:
3. The daily wages of a skilled and a non
skilled worker are RM100 and RM50
respectively. If a contractor employs x
skilled workers and y non-skilled
workers, form an objective function for
the total wage of the workers.
Answer:

10.4

2. Samad buys x units of hand phones and y

units of watches as prizes for a
competition. The costs of a hand phone
and a watch are RM400 and RM350
respectively. Form an objective function
for the total expenditure.
Answer:
4. A shop has sold x units of washing
machines and y units of refrigerators in a
certain month. The profits obtained from
each unit of them are RM250 and RM300
respectively. Form an objective function
for the total maximum profit.
Answer:

Solving Problem Related to Linear Programming

Linear programming is a technique to determine the optimum (maximum or minimum) of a
linear function in two variables under certain constraints or conditions.
The possible solutions to the problem are known as feasible solutions.
The linear function for which the optimum value is to be determined is known as the
objective function.
Four steps in solving a linear programming problem.
1. Write the linear inequalities and equations that describe the situations, conditions or
constraints of the problem.
2. Draw the graphs of the equations described and shade the region of feasible solutions.
3. Form and draw the objective function.
4. Determine graphically the optimum value of the objective function.
EXERCISE 10.4
1. The price of one ream of white paper and that of newsprint paper are RM8 and RM4
respectively. Johan buys x reams of white paper and y reams of newsprint paper based on
the following conditions;
I. The number of reams of white paper is more than that of newsprint paper.
II. Johan buys at least 50 reams of paper.
III. Johan has only RM200 to buy all the paper.
(a) Write the three inequalities, other than x 0 and y

0, that describe the situations.

(b) Using a scale of 1 cm to 5 reams, construct and shade the region of feasible solutions,
R that satisfies all the above constraints.
(c) By using the graphs in (b) find
(i) the minimum number of white paper need to buy if the number of newsprint
paper is 5 reams,
(ii) the maximum cost Johan has to spend to buy all the paper.

2.

3.

A factory has x long buses and y short buses to provide transport for its workers. The factory
has 600 workers. The capacities of a long bus and a short bus are 40 and 30 passengers
respectively. Given the number of long buses is at the most 12 and the total number of buses is
not more than 20.
(a)

Write down three inequalities, other than x > 0 and y > 0, which satisfy all the above
conditions.
[3 marks]

(b)

Using the scale of 1 cm to 2 buses on both axes, construct and shade the region R that
satisfies all the above conditions.
[3 marks]

(c)

From the graph, determine the daily minimum and maximum operation costs if the daily
operation costs for the long and short buses are RM30 and RM20 respectively.
[4 marks]

The number of Form I and Form 4 students admitted into a residential school are x and y
students respectively. Selection of these students are based on the following criteria:
I:
II:
III:

The number of Form 4 students exceeds the number of Form I students by not more than
150.
The number of Form 4 students is at least of the number of Form I students.
The total number of Form I students is not more than 450.

(a)

Write down the three inequalities in x and y which satisfy the above criteria.

(b)

By using a scale of 2 cm to 50 students on both the x-axis and y-axis, construct and shade
the region R which is defined by the above criteria.
[3 marks]

(c)

The monthly fees that each Form I and Form 4 students has to pay are RM25 and
RM30respectively. Using the graph in part (b), find

[3 marks]

(i) the maximum total monthly fee collected from students of these forms,
(ii) the maximum and minimum total monthly fees collected from students of these forms
given that there are 200 Form 4 students.
[4 marks]

4.

A tailor takes orders for short pants and trousers only. The time taken to cut the materials and
then sew the materials for each pair of short pants and trousers are as given in the following
table.
Clothes

Cutting Time (minutes)

Sewing Time (minutes)

Short pants

30

40

Trousers

40

90

The short pants and trousers are made according to the following constraints:
I. The minimum time for cutting the materials is 9 hours.
II. The time for sewing is at least 6 hours 20 minutes.
III. The ration of number of pairs of short pants to the number of pairs of trousers is not greater
than 3 : 4.
In a particular time period, the shop manages to make x pairs of short pants and y pairs of
trousers.
(a) Write down three inequalities, other than x

0 and y 0, for above constraints.

(b) By using a scale of 2 cm to 2 pairs of short pants and 2 cm to 2 pairs of trousers, draw and
shade a region R that satisfies all the above constraints.
(c) By using the graph in part (b), find
(i)
(ii)

the minimum number of pairs of trousers that are made if 4 pairs of short pants are
made by the tailor,
the maximum profit made by the tailor if each pair of short pants and trousers net a
profit of RM15 and RM9 respectively.