AN ENGLISH-GUJARATI GLOSSARY OF SCIENTIFIC TERMS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Dedteatron to the Motherland at 2 Introduction. Sic H V Divatra President Gujarat Research Sonety “ vit 3 Introduction (Gujarat) Dewan Bahadhur Krishnalal M Jhaven, President, Forbes Guyarats Sabha 1x 4 Preface (Enghsh} P G Shah xt 5 Preface 2nd Edition (Guyatan) P G Shah xxv 6, . Ist Editon ’ 1 ast 7 Abbreviations Used fut 8 Bibliography lun Parr I Scientific Termmology (Alphabetically Arranged) 1 to 128 ‘ Part II at Terms of International Importance (Prefatory Remarks Enghsh and Gujarati) 129 Section I Astronomy 133 TI Chemical Elements Names Formula ete : 137 Til Chemreal Compounds 144 IV Units and Constants Used in Electricity Magnetusm etc 147 V Weights and Measures 151 VI Botameal Terms Classificatzon etc 159 VIA Groups of Common Plants ef Mahaguyarat Wl Vis Lists of Common Plants of Mahaguwjarat 163 VIB Zoological Terms 183 VIE Geoldgical International Terms 191 IX Meteorological International Terms 192 IXB Standard Meteorological Terms Used by Indian Meteorological Department for Guyarau oe 193 X = Nomenclature of Fossils 196 XI Standard Symbols in Physics 197. amas : w . rafter . arr Wa. q Introduction Sir Harasidhbha: V. Divatia . ’ SATS fe 7 yeas Wat 8 Preface P.G Shah ” cht enafta Rae of, Doser a we \ ay wea anfid Pica at Gaza i. one MS aah cat 4a art Wt sean fem ais eqn . athe mf fata fam Terms of International Importance RS aracafga amerar oiftenfas eet AR aaa, ahetamr an anaes et Ww » 2% Carafes aehet ar, dar, aAeh ast wa wR warafes aarat ae Maen, geefter et atter fretet ara Steat o fereet ave Wa are 44 » & 0 area andl, aa aie a8 » §-8t Ragaertl are aif 144 Set aaqaaad aecitar BAe ot caer Ta ae ast » 8 SRE ae iat » ¢ Wfenat erecofia meg wi ow $808 etalk araclga weal we ao Cee RE cee agree aon TTT TTERh Tea TT 8 a oe aaeaT amas 446 » V9 Sfaeraat aed a aire carne ders vseINTRODUCTION . I am glad to write an imtroduction to this English Guyaratu Glossary of Sctentific Terms on behalf of the Gujarat Restarch Soctery The publication 1s getting ready at an opportune tame when the questions regarding the medium of instruction and scientific terminology are on the anvil and our country would welcome every effort which brings. their solution nearer As the preface of the book shows, the author has taken a comprehensive view of the whole subject of scientific terminology and the alhed question of medium of instruction The stand taken by him 2s reasonable and practicable He advocates that as long as Secondary Education is through the mother tongue, the students and the common man who do not hope Yo reach iugher education must be given the facthty of 4 vocabulary based on his own mother tongue, when the higher education 1s given through the national language the Hind: terminology will be avatlable As Mr Shah says, there will be very littl effort hecessaty on the part of the student to change- over from the Guyaratt glossaty to the Hind: The adoption of Nagan scmpt ts an important and useful innovation for the Guyarati language This script will render the cultural unifica- tion of the country easter and quicker Another welcome feature is the adoption of important foreign terms where necessary The country cannot afford to lose international contacts and our national language should make full use of such foreign terms for, I feel sure that our scientists will with their own contre butions, scon achteve international status for words coined correetly in our country In view of the decision that secondary education 1s to be seaparted through the mother tongue, such scientiftc vocabulanes and Elossaries for each regional language are useful and appropriate In the early stages, a collection of all suttable words already in use would be welcome as it would, without giving undue ttgidity and finality, secure equivalents for a large variety of shades of meanings in common use The book will be also useful to the wnters of popular sctentific books whe are at present hampered greatly by want of Sctentfic terminology Our working classes have now much more leisure thar ever before and urgently need the message of science to be conveyed .~ at to them Publication of popular scientific literature im simple language for the masses wul receive great encouragement fromsuch scientific glossaries and I hope the present one ~will set an example to other regional compilations in many ways Mr Shah has a distinguished hieerary and official career He is a Member of Bombay Public Service Commission He had a distinguished record at the Bombay Uniwersiry He won the Narayan Vasudev Scholarship for standing first in the University at the B A examination in Physteal Sciences and James Taylor Prize for standing first in History arid Political Economy group He had also been awarded the Sir George Le Grand Jacob and the Ashburner Prizes by the Bombay University After working for four years as Professor of Chemistry at the Forman Christian College, Lahore, he joined the Indian Audit and Account Service in 1914 after an All-India competitive examination, and retired as Accountant General, Bombay, m 1943 He as the founder Vice-President of Guyarat Research Soctety and ts mteresred in sacial and médical welfare of the masses Hes the author of two other books inGuyaratt Vagnan Vichar (4 editions) and Vignan Vinod Rajkot, 31-7-'48 HOV Divatia President, Gujarat Research SoctetyHaas A gee geval weit (Hapa Bas WR MAA WAAL we WAAR wW Bi a. yvudl cyl tid’ Wadd tev an, 2. Gaatla arenes wa Sera aatnd, a Baa mal wed oR af Suz Bea wa vesent (alas aetna fl Qteratt Areata FL Mou at ya) al, A tat ov slant apt ae wRe & epuri a Yvaeala Gaara rernsy Ana Aly Nar Gila Ba ges ann Fae aeew'na Gaia ard wd ad. a care a aon Full eur Araya meyer’ wa resent wars woud senlaa WG Rod Ba" aalet ard, BA Gn a0 wwadl, a nad ad se mt ¢¢ wei ad. fiat feat oh Aad aaer ap wha aN she egal aaa Bway Ase was al} Hs aedl ATL vee shite wy endl a@ usa aio ant ah wow vety atl aausafqatear myers ats ote RQ. WA ya, Ratan Cees seer De BA Re SEER LAA A ees BEN MQ sroLB. Spay Ggialaae "A « tala ” RR aradi A ya avai B ang asa yea gaa wena at wate ay” fad: Daa Wow, DAM WAR Fea ae ama NF MA Ape P wkar wa B Ar wl mow ayaa BMA WA Bell UL sea A AHA Heute AY g, 5 ’ ‘4o faatd (ee WUD YA Kas WaMAT A AR Wt af AAT afl Mar AQ wildatd ao 8 8 al AA wuld ant SMD tak eB ALD OLA BF arg ogpat a Ber au 7 al al estat ASA aA wR WAL ad wa ah SAL ena ada asa, a ater Bear ALA. Fseril ugar avaReae BPA agar Re VM RA A Aaa eq BS Asad a ANA AR ® we anal BW A mend A ed MWR eRay” an ave au Gad & ami aus a 8, ade ala waa HR Bax All Vary AA eelaat uRctratdl eZ adel Ve Mind aerial Avera rd ml ol Bad vRuaa= Dad = Gig Mord A ov GA Bata uifderni ua ag AS ot aah, RAM Uys Tie MMB, eal aed ciyata al velia ueug Be aaa ae agRald wR 1G a aegald ealeaa onal ave wv td Fae, 9 a yr Aa aoe Aorta Ge atl oP Aaya Ba A gerd naa ad, a fearai evaar Qiet 2&1 pa ah. argh fa ave ad Sat ani a Arenal: AR yng” B fabri ov re. eer "a Atovat wall ~yelien ste AM WA BUI WL BAY A aera ott Bald A arr yorril WaraRAar ov afd EWepl md wy AA al Ba aula Sori al a Sia WwawAsa alae abl wy a ae Bla a wae we ak wie my qry® aovarlai ge awh en ae Guaid AHgy ello Rar wide a By op ma Bed SVAN ah WW“ Jor” awe a ad ao DR yor are Syria aa, 977, Ay, wR AML BYP ysrarclall @vtiad wpe ait aw a.“ Order-Momentum ” Siu Fat As ade veda avai Pd si Boy AGS aaa Fn Zant @wlek at yy AA AMS WA Be A AA AL ans Rd ADH Wl wd B Ree ov ah QQ SR vyal eae a awP wa een Beal ay wae aie ae eB. aM a oti a maid BA oy 2 WAR anette maw Ma BWA al gH I Wad) aaa Bart. aad aie sadtadial ML BM sad SOs wr Dang Dedl MW mA ARAN wey 23 a GA si Gay and § Gfaa una 470. dh. Beye geqqana wad Yous 3M . Ah Holes ysFUR Bart. PREFACE Tn overy country, sciontific torminology has been a matter of slow growth each word growing from precedent to precodent in vanety of meaning and with changes tn local circumstances and uso At the present stago in India, hewever the problem lins reachol n new tmportauco and emergeney by the sequisition of solf government and‘by the growing anxioty to achieve great things for the now country Evyon bofore tho problem of the adoption of a national language for the country reaches near the solution, questions of tha modiom of instruction through tho mother tongue or the national [anguage aro being hotly debated on@ conclusions reached hurriedly without other fall study of the question or a propor understanding of tha roal problem Tho samo 18 thd case with tho scientific termatnology about which go little as studied and much loss understood Thero fs ona wide awake school of thought which enrrics overything before if under tha slogan, that the culture of the nation 1s in danger unless tho whole of India adopts a terminology based entiroly on Sansknt On tho other hand there are many who are contont with academic resolutions sooking reasons for postponing to como te a docigton and who beliavo that tho oxisting state of affairs nood not bo disturbed for some years No ono examines the preblom from the point of view of the common man who has to bosr the increasing strain of under standing sorence in daily life The scholar aristocrat still socks to dommesr ovor the working man burning midnight ol in bis attempts to undarstand science and its achiovemonts through the regional languages Fow realize that tho pivot of progress of our country rests on the spread of sctentifta know ledge and the scientific attitude of mind among the masses and that a language tm the words of Pandit Jowabarlal Nehru ‘has to function essen tially as the language of the masses of the people and not*ofl a select faw 2 THE HISTORICAL REVIEW URDU Taking « review of the previous history of this subject 2 various parts of the country we find that the first attempt to supply modern forminology for Urdu text books was undertaken as early as 1833 by Dr Sprnger and Mr Batrous of the Old Delhi College and certarn principles were lard down by the Translation Society of that college This work was however not completed and the Anjuman 6 Taraqqi e Urdu much Iator prepared glossaries of torminology for various sciones subjects Tha work was oxtended much lator by the Osmania University whore a bureau of translation and a com mittea for stientifte tormimology ware established unfortunately neither the terminology nor the text books have satisfied the external exammers of tho i1 12 Univorsity the sciontstre writors and tho popular roadors Tho whola export mont of teaching the highest sciances through Urdu at the Oamantn University 18.0 failure This te not the Place to oxamime the reasons for tho failere but thora is no doubt thnt tho tortainology 18 eothplas nnd diyoreed from tho language spoken by tho majority of tho students aud that greater emphasis ts Jad on the purty of the forms or the words rathor than faelty of oxpression The expozionce of tho Osmania University and the failure of a& terminology which Passos over tho hows of the common man should prove a usofal losson to thesa warsl ippors of flo high fown Sansknt who ignore the erpactty limitations and Fequiroments of te common man 3 MARATHI Maratht baw a larga number of distinguished dovotees of scionce who havo thanght and worke] on tho suljoct most Important of whom is Prot G R Prrnjpo lately of the Royal Instituto of Serene As the former ed tor of the magazine Srithiqnan and an exportenced writor im Mardthi and tercher of Phystes in Teghsh bis views on tho subject aro deserving of deopest consideration His slossary of words on Physics however hag unfortunately not been oxtonded to other sctencos Tho Maharashtra Part bhoshs Mandal of Poona Prepared glossatics for various ecionco subjects in 1936 This has boon followed by The Englsh Indian Dictionary of Scientific Terminology proparod by Mossrs Y 2 Dato and @ G havre on behalf ” of the Mabnrashtra Kesha Mandal Ltd Poona 1948 This rs a compro hensive compilation with a sound background but it would have beon mora useful af it had been Prepied without the idea of coverng all Indian languages If,tho anxtety ta completely replace all foreign words — even tho internationally aceapted names for plants animals and chemical, clements — had not so completely avorpawered the diseretion to keop a balance between the intornational and national points of wow the volume would havo increased im importance and Practical utshty It 1 futile to attompt to Propare one setentific terminology for all Indian languages as long as large groups of people yot usa provinc al languages ond aro to be given primary and secondary education in the sotences through the medium of the mother tongue 4 GUJARATI (s) Tt bas boon stated by Dr Amarnath Jha that tho oarlost alterapts of orgamzoa work on scieneo in an Indian languago was made in 1888 by Professor F K Gayer af Baroda in Guperats Professor Gayar usually Pivnned on a large scale and his polyglot scientific dictionary his preparation for series of sciontafie books in Gujarat: rs scheme of the first Polytechnic sohool with Gujarati as the modium (Kalabhavan at Baroda) and hre numerous otbor scientific antavitiog though left incomplote show his vorsatilé gonfus ‘The farsighted patriotiem of Sir Sayspirao the groat Baroda Ruler who had adoptod Guyaratt ss the language of tho Stato and also for techmical education kad13 lod to the foundation of scientific torminclogy lon bofore othor the Bangiys Sahttya Parishad or the Nagari Pracharint Sablia of Bonares ontorod tho field (b) ‘The dictionary of legal torms covering noarly 800 prges and the Sayays Pasjnansh Shabda Sangraha and s sones of hooks on popular science (1921) swore tho natable contributions mado by the Baroda State Tho over Sanskrilized colour of these beoks brought sovoral protests and Viynana Samiti of tha Guyarnti Salutya Parishad i 1923 25 prepared another hst of scientific torma tho prosent writer lod a doputstion to tho Barcda Stato authorities in 1924 suggesting a simphfication of those terms The Chemists Club at Baroda also mado an attempt at o sciontrhe glossary of chemical terms ut 4928 {c) In the menntimo tho Gajarat Vernacular Socicty ronamod now os Gujarat Vidyasabha Ahmedabad had got busy with proparing glossarics of torms on rarecellanoons subjects meluding ;seienco and those offorts ato yaluablo About the same time the smarchy that bod prevailed m the field of spalling an Gujarat: was removed by the masterful personality of Mahatma Gandhi the father of tho nation who sponsored an authentic dictionary under the auspices of tho Gujarat Vidyapith Almedabad The expectation that the ssme institution would take up the respoosbihty of proparing a complote scientific terminology bas not beon yct fully realized As arly as 1931 a glossary of mathomatioal terms was prepared for tho Vidyapith ‘but Choro was a lull aftor that As the Prosident of the Science Soction of tha Gojsrati Sahitya Parishad in 1937 the present writer prepared a running @lossary of about ton thousand seentific torms Tina was published by the Forbos Gujarati Sabha in 1938 Tho bock was out of print ond the writer undortock 1n 1948 to propara a rovised cdition During tha interval tho circumstances have changed eousiderabls (@) Tho Gujarat Vidyapith lsd with tho belp of an export committes prepared Vagnanans Paribhasha in 1944 and also irthashasirant Panbhasha ya 1948 When the former publication was sont to the Bombay Untvorsity for recognition the latter gavo the unusual decision on tho 18th Novomber 1946 taut ¢ders should bo a common scieatiic terminology Yor the matricu/ation science subjects for all the modern Indian Isnguages that the system of sclentihe termmology developed by Dr Raghuvira in his great English Indian Dictionary should be adopted and that he may bo requested to bring out an abridged edition of his dictionary for the uso of matriculation candidates Sach » decision seoms to have beon reachod without proper deliboration and without « detailed examination of Dr Raghuviras system The language of a people cannot be thus altered even under groat national emergency much less after the attamment of freedom for the country The primetplea of education through the mother tongue and of lingutstie freedom as the birthright of every citizen appsar to be sacrificed to tha slogan of danger to the Indian national culture without Sansknt Every devotee of Indian4 enlturo including the presont writor would lke to draw upon Sansknt as tho fottntain hoad of culburo and storehouse of knowledgo but this soures 1a to bo reserved for the bnghest levels of tearming amd not ponred down the immature throats of the masses of cyen the matriculation studonte Even atter the removal of the Engush from the poltttesl supremacy and tha eventual removal from its position as medium of University education 16 has been recognized that pnmary and secondary education bas to be conducted through the medium of the mother tongue and any athempt to ignore this simplo fact 1s bound to dismal failure even though supported by att the authonty of a University In 1944 Dr ¥ G Naik published a het of all technical terms used in tho Gujaratt toxt hooks of Physica and Chamustry for matriculation students This book ‘Hawa at era — iRe weaI” was published under the auspices of the Bombay Univorsity 5 HINDI The earhost afforts for scioutslic termimology wore pioncerad by the Magan: Pracharm Sabha in 1906 This has been revieod in 1929 34 by varlous groups of professors Zhe 20th Century English Hind: Dictionary published by Shri Sukhsampatirar Bhandan at tho Dictionary Pubhshing House af Aymero is planned more os a general dictionary than a sogutifio’ glossary But the most gigantic effort in the matter of evolution of sclentifio terranology for sll the Indsan languages has been made by Dr Rogliugvirs His attempts to prepare The Great English Indian Dictlonary deserve the credth which the insistenco on o single idea may mont His preference for Sanskrit as fountain head of all naw words 16 laudable only 2f the use of the existing words is not neglestod He has worked out tho idea that dorivatiyes should bo evolved oub of certain fundamental concepts Dr Raghuves recognizes that for gonoral literature regromal fanguages will hava thew pocuharities and difforoness but only for technical worda thero will be ona Indfan word in all rogional languages for ono Enghsk word! A perusal of Volume I Chemistry Part I doog not convince nny sertous student of the subject that 1t would be acceptable cyan to all the Bf signatories with whose co oparation the terminology 13 claimed to have boon prepared This volume only doalg with cbomical elemonts thair donvativos and compounds symbole suffixes ote 4 great doal of ingenuity has boon spent i coining Sanskritized words o g YA for Hydrogen AW for Oxygon ay for Jodime FHT for Arsome fay for Redo FPG for Vuminem Tatton for Sulphur Gani het fist fer Sulphur matelas “ZA for Hoylate wWHt for Nitrophonol werdy fk yraks ee Nitrophono! disulpt onle seid Thoso oxamplos aro cnough to indicate the unsuitability of nomenclature from the polnt of view of ether sotornationsl practiea or the immediate requirements of tho common man It might ba clever and tearned to combine aud collate Information aboot- du > philolomest and phonetic derivation of various groups of words but it is useful to remember that such attempts at ovolving a new scientific tormino+ logy will foil if thay do not meot with two important requiromonts Firstly, tho terminology should not completoly eat off all ahances of international contact with the Dnghsh spssking nations of the world Secondly, 1b should not sgnore the local usage of scientific torms by locat agrieulturists factory workers the businessmen and tho local nowspapora Turthor, 1 must be tocognized that Taany hundreds of the oxiating State orginizstiona always used regions! languages and hid nevor fully accopted English either as modium. of administration or of oducation, and that they have already imttinted tho uso of cortuin technical ond scientifio words which need not be roplaced now 6 THE DOCTRINE OF UNIFORM TERMINOLOGY Tho disadvantages of the system adopted by Dr Raghuvira has lod to sovera criticism from many directions. In attempting to evolye a uniform torminology for the thirtcon Isnguages of the country om the basis of “ono now Indian word for one English word , enormous difficulties havo ansen some of which are ignored and some overnddon — with tho rosult that the tormtnology has satished noone Tho Constituent Assembly which entrusted the grext Doctor with the work of translating the Draft Constitution of Indis hag not beon able to sccopt Dr Raghuviras translation which has ta bo revised Sir Shantiswarup Bhatnagar who wrote the profaco to tho first yolume of Tefmanology of Chemical Elements and Compounds, appenrs to bo no longer so onthusinstic about 1} Tho various provincial authorities havo not been able to welcome the same with the oxceptron of the Nagpur and Bombay Universities ond Mabarashtra geoup has prapared another English Indian Dietronary of 630 pagos It ratses the question whether after centuries af ovolution of sopsrate languages for India the past ahould be forcibly suppressed anda new language — which is neither Hindi nor Sansknit and which has no respect for the prst® usage of the words — nood be encouraged This disregard of past us.ge creates an unnecessary violonca to the spirit of s language for which there 1a neithor 4 necessity nor an occasion Why should simple words like gram ne and grain be replaced UY wet and 44! Neod engine be named nea and ergmecr as afram! Why translate cheque as YAU nnd clerk as RRS Why not continua to use HIT and why com @g for telescope? Till tho All India termunology contemplated by the Central Advisory Bosrd 19 ready, each province (imeluding Hindi) should be allowed to evolve ity own pro yineial terminology for the first period of five or ten years, and then alone & separate All India termmmology enn be oyolved if necessary With the adoption of the national language its Hinds vocabulary will be aveilsble and will become compulsory for all high setontafie purposes throughout the country “See criticism an the Journal of the Bombay Un versty September 198 by De ¥ G Lele D Sc pps 55 to 6416 - 7 OFFIGIAL EFFORTS Whilo privatd efforts have worlod in differant provinces in various ditections the whools of offictal mschmory have moved slowly with caution almost amounting to stagastion A great deal ef the work of Central Advisory Board from 1910 to 1917 has been simplified by tho changed circumstances after the 15th Su.uat 1917 when tho country attaimed froodom and Lagltsh no longer remainod a compulsory Stato Innguage The mooting of the Contra! Advisory Bonrd of Mdacation m January 1948 recorded tho following smportant rosolu fhons which have {far reaching effects on the question of screntifia terminology {t} Tnghish 2¢ madium of instruction af the umyersity stage should be replaced daring the next five yoars by Indian languages (u) Within this penod universities should adopt the language of the State or Pravin o orrogion as the medium of instro¢tion and examination After the period of five years ending in 193 Lnglish will cease to be the medium of instruction nnd examimstion Gu) During the transition ponod Tughsh sbould romain as o com pulsory second language im the higler courses (b) The quogizon of scientific terminology ts ontrnsted to the Reference Board on Berentittc Terminology whose repors made im May 2917 was adopted by the Central Advisory Bowed at the meeting held in January 1948 This Board had then expressed the opmon that while due nota should be taken of such setontzfiec terms as have boon usod and aro well Lnowasn tho different langaages ‘and havo s épemfic and unamb guous conrotation go far as new terms are concerned 216 19 desimblo to adopt intornstional saientifie termmology with such suffises and prefixes a my bo naaded by porticular Janguages It may be that im somo Isnginges there 1s a grestor abandanco of woll established seloutific forms thanin others In these cases such terms may be retamed Tmmed ate stops should be taken bo appoint qaslified pétsons ona paid basis to undortaka the translation of standard scientific publications inelnding modern popular books on serentific subjects incerparating international acientifia tarms so that they may serve as mofels for sumtle publications am the Indian lavguvges Tie above report was sont to various provineii governments and universities most of whom have agresd with tho recommendations of tho Board in general Unfortunttely the Central Advisory Board which met m Jomusry 1949 dd not tako further action this year im the expectation that the now All India University Commisston will also roport on this pomt before the next bession of the idvisory Board (c) Tho counnittes on tle subyech appointed by the National Institute of Serenses bas prepared its report after holding prolangod disenssions with Dr Raghwsir On the basis of this report the counci! of the Institute arrivedcome in the first place from the varions provincial languages and from dialects Hyen words of purely foreign ougin may not ba altogether excluded “The source from which e larga wumber of new words are to be coined should be Sanskrit . . In this matter, pedantry should be avoided and our efforts should ba to coin such words as would fit in with the structure and gonius of tho spoken language and be fovoable for their simplicity {Dr Rajendra Prasad) 9 THE INTERNATIONAL ASPECT OF THE QUESTION In connection with international aspoct of scientific terminology, 16 13 usefal to remember the words of Professor J B S Haldane "‘Sefenco is an mbornational concern Any paper on sctenca hecomes the property of the world, the momont it 23 published and the special scientific terminology, 80 frequently termed jargon is with sll its faults, an international language Ono can have the gist of a scientaho paper im any European tongue through amathematical expressions, numerical tables, and chemical formulae’ Thus aspect of intgrnational contact cannot bo exaggerated aven alter full freedom has been achieved for India On the other hand, India with its population of sbout one fifth of the whole world and with its large and growing importance in commerce’ industry and politics has to retoin, marotun and develop its culgural and political status god to discuss many problems at international level At o time when international stindards have to be fixed and modified to suit local requirements in the fields of health, disease and treatment in the preventive and curative side of human and vetermary modicine, 10 tho hhelds of transport by air, water or land, m the spheres of industrial and labour welfare in the development of miming metallurgical manufacturing industries and im tho progress of knowledge end science 1t would be a great loss af international scrantific terminology 1s entirely agnorod In the veal of attainment of freedom and assertion of our imdividuality as s nation wo sbould nob be unpractient isolationists in any sphere at a trme when Asia and the world expect Indie to give them m new lead and direction Let a5 also not forget that as Indians begm to make their own now contributions to science and Mtorature thoy will com bundroda of words which tho whole world will have to accept on therr own Inherent merit Tndtan langaages hyve eufficient strength and vitahty, not to geb ‘“deeultared for having takon a few thousand words of foreign ongin Nor would this moan that a keon supporter of Indian culture,—nnd im this category the present writer would not like ta yield his place to any one — should be afrsid of losing his opportunities fot the devefopment of Indian Ianguages Thors +8 vast ond broad ficld for rngenuity im coining words for the scientific terms concerning concopts qualities and properties, phonomena processes, and their danvative adjectives verbs, adverbs ote, namox of sciontitic inatraments, apparatus, tools and machinery Thora 1s ne necassity ot justification for tho forerble adoption of an All Jadis terounology, when tho requirements ofiv regional areas can ho best mot from ‘words aleovds in tio locally, as long as thoy oxpross tho sciontific dos correctly Tho solution ts thereforo as stated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, to conserva tho best of international terminology aud of the torms in regional uso and at samo timo slowly ovolvo a national Innguago for the country which will naturlly synthesize from various diroctions all that 1s tho host im regional languages as well as in English There should be no fent of loss of homogonaity which will bo continucd to bo secured by tho evolution of the national Ianguago on ontural hoes 10 WORKING RULES Tho above rowumo of the subjoct oxplams the scope of tho difficuttios in tho work of proparing 1 sstisfactory systom of scientific torminology The writer thinks that the question of setentific terminology for the uso of secondary schools whoro the teaching 18 to bo through the mother tonguo doos not brook delay nnd bas to bo solved on tha basis of the provinctal Isuguago So also 8 handy book of reference for uso by tho self mstruchng workman anxiotts to learn modem sconce by himself and by porsons who wnito popular serence for tho duly nowsprper and tho roagavino 1s in groat domand It would provide also opportumty and scope for giving practical exposition of tho principles which the writor has ovelyed after working in this field for nastly twontyfive yoars In doing so ho had tho boneht of frequent and prolonged discussions with bis old frond and cntic Shr Kushorlal Mashrawala Theso principlos aro sammanzed below 1 Simpherty curronsy and oxpressiveness should override othor considerations when coimmg or selecting a techaical word, © g words used in practical convorsation in rural or factory areas should bo porferred to a learned word comod afresh Q English words Itko station, railway motor, signal , “pump, ‘whistle , ote which hava beon accopted tn common parlance by tho man in the streat ond by the workmen in various walks of life should not be replaced by words of elaasical origin coined for tho sake of purty of language * Note - In support of tha abovo two propositions the words of Mahatma Gandht quoted slrasdy aro = The test of ‘foretga and ‘indigenous shall not be applied to any word but only the test of currency 8 Words ospressing tdeas actions thoughts or processes should bo froely transiated or coined Compared to othor restrictive suggeshious this 1s the only one which permits cpemng out new paths tho field of work bore 1s vast and the greatesi shill 1s demanded of the literary arhist and scholar whose aim should be to devise simple words express- ing the oxnct shade of the meaning using whore possible simple prefixes or suffixes Sanskrit 1s the baste languago for Gujarati acd words from Sansknit roots with the large field for prefixes and suffixes and with great flonbility and scope will come naturally, bat extremes have to be avoided20 4 Whilo atming at a unrform tino of action a nd uniformity of sontifio terms in all the Indian Ianguoges 13 neither possible nof dost rable ench language showld bo allowed to dovolop its own ahades of moaning for words of common origin in consonance with its own hiterary and culteral traditions The standard nvtional Innguago should have its normal avelution and should aot bo dragrod by othor languagos nor should it drag othors which are unable to walk with it Tho seientifie oxprossions. in various Indian Ianguagos nood not bo tdentleal justaw the tormmnology used for differont Iangungos at n radio station is allowed to vary 5 (s) Nnmos of chomteal cloments syinbols constants units co ethcionts formulas and equations should bo tha same as accopted m tnternational scientific circles o g Rahym Bodtum Holium Sulphites Sulphites Sulphatos Thiosp!phates Bonzone Benzaldohyde cbe should not bo translated but shoull bo accepted with the correct J'nglish Pronuncntion The symbols for chemical eloments or compounds should remain unaltcred o g¢ HgO WsS0e KNOs Thoro should be no attempt to aveid contact with English which a3 the most widely spoken Jangnage in tho world nt presont particularly with the condition provating im Germany and Japan after the socond World War (b) Similarly tho letters of Lnghsh and Grook alphabets uscd as symbole as ntso tho mathomatical signs universally adopted neod not bo replaced by sanskrit alphabets if our hooks and research pipore ate to be roferred to by workers in other parts of the world R afar asain afeeettter 2 ana YA reve A tere Ga we Ry aaa AY Ra agra MeyW, Weavan Aa wi wa way aaferare move ads adi 2 aa Weadori, aga FQudell af you D. revert tegen Wey atEHe FuSAl Aen, Gaeid wort ae Gur YA may padi Ast pretty UAL AUR BAL Aare (2) aH eo Boren asd aU Ava ena (el oD sadal wie ae avi ASR Cy) mt ave Gert GG OA ue, wid wea otal Ray am oy Udtata: eeu ATE ere aad ASSL) qeuat atl Wet aa Wwe WAL, Bagel daa Heer ATS Re tre HR URL GaGa Ged Gra wears Re elle ‘otra aM sales ae ASR.vw Faayad uRowiar va Ags eRe Bea Husa Iivaal B a revoat Raper’ Res Al war ova a veveat mahal wd ama BAGEL As Abul alee szanti ue] eae. a UY RR awa Ae avlGowr oat AL Ga} 2a eg oral ayat Rey aA emeflar Be ma Par Fesa wa Sarlu ea’ gia Rar Aas wl wed ate AN ALR, weg au atl wa aaah B cai WR cued ovaRard wary ovat WAS AMA HeAU WA wimengla Sais vRowvu dered A vaputan & Ba ota Bs oa gai es eel apailia Gate aot aya wugal ge. and Rafe Ser ead waar wR Pad Va Rar Bar AL BL” weafas Ga were AnGa wedi Wa aud Gals ute aadaed srt Qar AB WRAL BR wR aeetdaral AEA Aaea wr alesis wral Qai AYA. a aqaent aiaaala uRowa aed aval eh ouadla qeaiat Ral ov asa ak BR ayaRy ad we” Sut Bata eg egZ niles ae awa saAA Suz Atsaanral syed eats Dae aarain ever winter Ma Ais ota a ara aa 8. eve ct ddatla wera aattese Aisa Aes a ea apn si wal Aan suet a® wa alia Be aa sad on yea aprant aadaa at Sl aReel dy Game ated anid ad. anata Sears Grieg Ars apd} en Gu ud Re Gyahala avon ad. 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MR am Gag eh & ane 6yz 2A) GeeNat aril a ALA. 3 CBR wear URRead aR Renard aed act om ov wR MANE eg en wer ov Al Apllar yew BAO rw 2; Alo VR meta JaGkamn yoy > aS mid Wy Bd Ral UR SUR aR a atROL w8 ML We tes aay Ae B, My eM APPA ee TA a stad a as yard ean. weg act wa mae est a SGA welaa 3 arena Wan wd wy 4a AED, PAL Maceletl ater All wet AA URAL Arsen saa aL aL GU yd oy Vila BEAR AUIAT, ‘ aay ee, YOR pud-ee Auata Arcara aus dl t-to-730LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Shiri east Accounts + Aca Mathematics . Math.” Anatomy Ana. Medicine Med. Anthropology Ant. Meteorology Met. | Archaeology Arch, Music +Mus. Astronomy Ast, Navigation Nav, Biology Bio. Philosophy Phil. Botany Bot. Psychology Psy. Chemistry Chem. Physics Phy. Commerce Com. Physiology Phys. Economics Eco, Polities Pal. | Geology Geo. Shipping . Ship. Geography Geog. Zoology 200. " History a His, . BIBLIOGRAPHY Webstet’s New International Dictionary 2 volumes (1932). The Meteorological Glossary published by Air Ministry Meteoro- logical Office, London (1944). - Elements of Petrology by Prof. A. S. Kalapesi B. A. B. Sc. (1921). A Class Book of Botany by Prof. R. N. Sutaria B. A.,.M. Se. (1947). The Chemists’ Pocket Manual by R. K. Meade M. S. (1910). Education through Mother Tongue by Prof. B. S. Audholia (1946). AIR Lexicon, All India Radio, 4 volumes, ‘ Handbook of Chemistry and Ph9sics. by C. D, Hodgman M. &: and H. N. Holmes Ph.D. published by Chemical Rubber Publishing Co, Cleveland, Olno (1940). A Glossary of Botanic Terms by Dr. B. D, Jackson, London 1916. Physical and Chemical Constants and Some Mathematical Functions by Dr. G. W. C. Kaye F.R.S. 4nd Dr. T H. Laby FR. 5. 9th Edition, Longmans. 1941, . Sanskrit English Dictionary by Lakshman Ramchandra Vaidya M A. LL, B. A Dictionary of English and Gujarati by Dr. N. R. Ranina, Standard Nomenclature of Disease and Standard Nomenclature of Operations edited by Edwin P, Jorden M D. published by American Medical Association (1943), MUGww The Medical Dictionary (Gujarat) by De Umar Many: Chowhan(1930) The Hind: Scientific Glossary edited by Syamsundar Das Nagar Pracharini Sabha (1906) The Twentteth Century English-Hindt Dietronary 4 volumes by SS Bhandari: M R A § Dictionary publishing house Ajmer (1937) The Great English-Indian Dictionary —-Chemustry by Prof Dr Raghu Vira M A PhD (Lond) D Litt et Phil (Holland) (1944) Elementary Enghsh~Indian Dictionary of Scientific Terms by Prof Dr Raghu Vira (1948) The English-Indian Dretionary of Sctentific Terminology by VR Date BALL B and CG Kirve BA Poona 1948 Price Rs 40 Constitutional Terms by G S Gupta 1948 English-Hind: Words for Use tu Legislative Assemblies Serres 1 2 and 3 by Shri Ghanshyam Swmgh Gupta Speaker C P and Berar Legislative Assembly 1947 1948 SmI tgtiaatraae aA sow shemte sea uta wena wes TT 48Eh. afeniirs megdag (9) Ree (3) arte aces Pens ae Tmaz TENT 9434 aitats weqaa tah anand unit asve afte wezaa wafer onary wade asec GR fidteegery was ue aa, amd waite aa 488k aie ovat AseMia 494d Mein HGR (tea) storaidh aon’ Brava, exis wel wed (ae?) alyay ubeus, Ales A ae oe, Avid Gane (4. reve) Rata wRewn [yee Gata 2 arg) dave svi (ewe) yeeTia aa wapeuReis adi ( aata ape) sew altalGn (reve) . mead uGoun wAlers ~ Gener aartdia Bae) dard seilas {tere} 3 arctan tleoql? Soll SL LF stew haviy Ae weana Wee eae wri Aye AMA audaguala Ghagfgar adat (4% ) lawns aad ave stun, Published by Government of Baroda (ea ) . saonfts Bee sal Gua ania et, nevada adleysa Bea? (resefar) ag Disa, scl 2a emraaee AARIA AA, Bw Ta aw 2d ont o Ba fd. Ra Ba A ade on a wale (rere)ay . “aaa udlaraiae, & 3. yerer’s Usaaia ala, Bey of of. Re, (aeve ). waldara, a. Sh aradaia Bal, San oll. of, Ban (Cue) a a, Ay. WU. (papi), a aM Rae (uel), TW dar Rsaues ates Rey Gar sala. (revs). aavaldara, scl orayeey woken eb (Vee), crenata wReulis alia, gates 4 sida wa aa (era). Glaan mags Hawa, adale sal arlaecud agent alin, Sa i; Ra Ba ef, wove tatgaar Brae (ere). Seletaovae, A euyiaa da (reve). BelGioer fad Wud, maaes Al aleamare due a, 1, a © Fuel; Ra, Ba. ofl. (lere ). yorad aati, A aa ARa, RA a, Ta. Rael. (424), fava aneat, Al oumaia Ya, A eta (rea). seve wRewa, Walds aa wees eRata Polat ules, of. SL, aerated adisyae Dru (124). are arid wot was, sal, ala Aya EGR BR, of. Ball. (1230). MUU MUNA Fay, Q. (iriova all HA cried WAR (LExe . apd BN, A. Fred al A omed yRMR cuadl wee wa Crerx) fagia wala, & arlee Wa (2220). yore wile WRe—Fasia falar Rut no Raw sear Pal Crerv). wet Gait A Hee, Tt sh vate tie as, Sa Ba aM. WAAL. fl. (125 . CALCU AA Yvatl BAWMaat, scl Th. oltaanwl lesen Pans oh A, Fa, Sig, Of, BL Deel. WSL A, Be OR. Da, AAW. AL Bere fl. Geise ef. He (reas), asia eta, & Alaa taaare wear ol. B. (1e22), soalania, &. SL ama of wee, ML Ra. Ses Ba aerate aleyay Brad (ver) . @ula waa [URS Reales ya] migaes: GE a HeRaiMl, aicia Hale (exe ). aay A ae, BL eg, dtavad wae WAR (rere), apa ala, LAL Ge a. aerarny dazed aad Whe (tev).. 4G mepGaig. witeata, atid adi, gilayrapt Pater ata (rece ). sida coat Gust Q. das aut, yevait dalagag Aral (deve). etd; Faster cules 4a Birt, earl, Mig fa," “its, Bia, BA, sovrtd aedlaqaa Artal (ress). mari Gata, Qa. 3. MARES, MRED MBs, aa. ol of, Ba, yovria adleyar Aratrdl ( were). evga wales, @. 3. eunyeey aR WES Ra ol, of, Sa, | yaraid adlsgete Brad “(rese). met UR, Te wesede gt wtdates Th eugey HRI. YES a, ef. ef, Bee (ae2y), “ead ma aid, a. 2 ads 3. aA, Ba. Aral. A. Ra. al, etfala Be, Ba. A (deae), (aia Ga, a. Teas Gears ate Sat. A, Of Daal. (reye ). sta Gar, & Anata UGfeaa ag yerria ABA Wen al Aa, Sa, Gul Yes ye Crewe yeta ufiern 3 dada av. PAL the Ue BOE (LER), woud: aedia (vet Gaia A ey) ates. SL aad ds {tevy). afaarai sade PHA serait ARAL TL Add ale WRI A qeta yea wou, Hous (reve ).Rare ac ae Burd Abbreviation fata Ae Accelerated Abbreviation #87, dha, 2, Zora Abcess Med, Sat, weare, wg, Fasfitr ‘ Abdication Pol, camrmam, mien Abdomen Ana. ax, 93, 1% Abdominal cavity yx Abduction Ant. afta, emagy Law saat [akeatereet Abductor muscle Ana. afgtfedtteft, Aberration Phy. format, Ru, wregh Psy. aka, ot, Bran Ast. 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BE, WT, (gia Abstruse Pil 4, 1a, amra, ay, Absurd rita, agea, afar gral Abysmal sm Academic Friars, fezraeeti, aieeas Acalycine Bot werk, areca Acalycinous f vet Acotyledon Bor. aq Acarpellons Bot wirfadia, wha Acarpous Bot ara, vafea, dy Acanlescent Bot. a wr, aera Accelerate Pky. sand, af aareft Accelerated 33a, icaAcceleration : z Action seleration 387, Fat, aftata selerator a37%, 3rats, mutts, sessory weat, grad, ora VY. qa aT, ein Zot. Terre ‘ident arn, onsitas, args V. staara, anafts, egaifir sommodation 9, Tas, TATTT hy, tata vfea, Seth, Waal, TaaRRT somplice Law wearer, aerhtt, trate cord SMa, RUS Mus, ws, Rear . couchment Med. safit soucheur Med, waftter . soucheuse Med. gamit, aft xrescent Phy. anita, aftreg irescence aut, fz cretion T4 cumulate dud, deq etal, due sumulator Phy. ,vnfer, donee, arqs, defy, Stegegea curate ‘rs, aim, rr, wy, antic Zoo. orgett ophala Zoo, -wandt, ori ephalous Zoo. arerh, arid? Bol. apis (eh axe nentet heen ) crosa jeular } Bot. aferen, aa 34 stabulum Ang, fairer, ae are, A gene, [ ate} cg AT +3 apaij etic acid Chem. ated aan, ours, sehtc air Acetimeter garaniva Ache Med. 2x, 3%, gam, wat Achenium Bot. deitres, dia ag we Achernar Asi. ya (ata) Achlamydeous Bol. o % ganitr . 5 AACR, AT, TTT Achromatic Phy. Rat, aerincis, tadaeiea Acid Chem, aa, ara, 3faz (Alkali wet, Ya Salt say, ern) Acidic anfiat Acidity aat Acidimeter staarnT% * Acinaciform Bot. staan Acoasma Psy sgfnrt Acknowledgement etiate, Tats, whiz . Aconitine Chem. wean, Beha Acoria Med, aifern, uedbra Acotyledon Bot. a2, fits . Acoustics afafaur, afar, wacrlagt Acquittal Law sm@qgfea, tagfra Acquisitiveness Psy frya, far Acrania Zoo. setaftat, oth, Acrocarpus Bot, tart * Acrodant Bot, wy . Acrogene Bot, witts Acrotism Med, aed mania Actinic rays Met. apétrs fren, were am gonfecht “Actirfoform Peet Actinochemistry fewruret Actinology Phy, Pretra Actinozoa Zoo feererearit Actinograph Phy. fromae Action tii af Phy. Chem. fear errara; Lath ern rcat [rater a ware oj -Actinium Actinium (Ac) Chem, SraPrar Active Phys. 7, ofa, fears, feardies . Chem, 48, WE “principle Ferret Activated anita Actuary tare, Hharnirdt, dearest, areegy - Acute Bot. wea, afirerg Med. din, BAT . ~ angle Math. age, =a Adamant 4, 17eiet Adaptation #41, SEEM, 8a, saiiiien, area, aan, Bot. eatart, Soc. atoaae adaragia Adapter 3®=z, mgarg engag yall as 84 aac, TATE Addendum st@z, Ta", MTT -Adduction And. ae, TTT Adductor muscle Ana. afrate at, aerated Adelphous Bot. (&%"%) Rapa {Manoadelphous Sraqadt Diadel phous fg] Adenoid Ana. atenifit, araara arFst Adhesion Phy. siftar, tains, di art, gereit (Cohesion: dar, dames Ana. aftan og] Achabatic Phy arafrs, aaterat wat N. tm Adipose Ana. atta, gal, deri Adjacent daa, a, aatare Adjustment *terf, eaters, waa, STRETTAT Law vara, ateste Adjuvant Med, XAT, FATE, TAT Affection Admission 884 Lazo aidften (Con- fession #Ysrt) . Admixture 4fert Adnate Bot. aafert, geen? Adolescence areata, Prtt-araa aifireres Adrenal Ana. afirzes [arr mid] Adsorption grater, aftrqaa[A bsorp- tion tam, a7] Adulteration 3art, 323%, Fert Advantage @™, Mechanical — ars srt Advection AYet. orfamet Adventitious amehas, Tras, wenfrs, ema —root Bot. ars We Acrated wagt, tert Aerial orm, caf, N. waar, Sre-roots Bot, erat 7, FU Aerodrome Sie, Rare Aerodynamics Afet. srgufacrs, ware Aerography 7123, 2a, aged Aerology Met. wafeat, arafren Aerometer Mel. atts, TAAITS Aeronautics arrart Aesthetics waa, dvctara, dhAllopathy . Anantherous Allopathy Med Sie, dattery (Homeopathy treraa, deten- wit) Allotropy Chem. atest, weEr diem Alloy Chem. Prt ag Alluvinam Geo. #ia Alpharat Ast gacrmyy (a4 ) Alpha rays Phy orPret, arent Altair Ast. aa (727 ) Alternando Math Strat sam Alternate Math, S3rk, 3273, eer -angle Sata, grratet 7} —current Phy, wradinatg, NITE wae, yazaeenag, Reyes ATE, Ro tte mg Alternative fret —proof Math Axes wart Alternator farda 4a, vases, volar aheartet Alumeter Meteo atusfarrs Altitude Phy amet Math. 3-77 Alum Chem ett Alummium (A) Chem segifrr Alvelus Ana agar Alwatd (Draco) Ast. exit (ara) Amalgam Chen safer, Tare Amalgamation Chem ert Amarantacae Bot s7aMt at, Tt met ar Amaurosis Med arurt, Ardger Amber Phy 3az, 3a ‘Ambiguous efira, tua, f-srit Amendment Pol. gant Amenorthoea Med aera, rafts, aaa ‘ Amentum Bot. gaatadt ad Ammeter Phy dara, Serre, eae Amnesia Med wakrira, cufeqre Amnion Ana Wie, aifzarer Amoeba Bot, itt, aret Amorphous afarea, enartdt Geo. Chem, ariite, wraa, deer + Amount TH, Tah Math. ag, Ampere dtanarg Sten, art, ara Amperage acre Amperemeter dtaxngaras, 3e00res Amphiarthrosis Ana, firfod Sarah Amphibia Zoo awa, fray 3a Puri ce Amphiscerca Bot wasaTg +S Amphoetric erat Amplifier Phy. drrts, aftfiranes, Srcsrarat Amplitude Phy feqfa, ten, argien fem Math sts magnetic — ware Frene Anabohism Phys fraprefra, sified aiafem [Catabolism fares fier, afer Metabohsm oftfrn, shee fear) Anacanthin Zoo srszait Anaesthesia Med vanizact, fara, arte Anaerobe Bro sannia Analogy ae, a4 Analyser Chem, f 272, (Analyst ga¢aR) [evar Analysis fz Chem, Peau, Analytical geometry S2firs yfirta Anandrous derkit, nimada » Anantherous wrtAnanthous Antecedent Ananthous grria, argo, gaa mitt Incidence — aaa Anarchy Pol, arcsvea Exterior } —agehe Avarthropoda Zoo, drafter, pxemel arate 6 include fore Internal } ~ aces Anastaltic Med, wanine, Agere” Anatomy mitqaanne, eaed Gites Bulb Bot #4, wa Phy tat, ae, Bulbiferaus Bot aerrét Bulblets Bot site sat naar IAT : (ear Bulk Phy aaa, wes, ss, Bundle aqg, 7, Ys, Te ~ of rays Phy a waz Bunsen buiner ait atat, a7 ess Buoyancy Phy areem, gerafr, aerrefia fart Bureaverney Pol staqurd, erfraré Born ag, 7%, Het eH Bursac Ana radt Butter wram, weet, AtBurzer Buzzer Phy. 174 aa Byeelection Pol. 1 yeh Cable ated, atxata, Bae Cacogenic Psy. gure, oar, wfiga [cacos= 3%, 35 Eugenic aarrt) * Cadre wi, Fr [naatte Caducons Bot. tia, afer, en Caceum Ana. laa, 83% Caesmtose Bot, wedi, eetgee Culamus Bol. (9) 3t (2) Bat vi Q) a4 Calathiform Bot. aRATK, WTS Caleirate Bot. ayes, FUITA Calcarcous Chem. Jard, HA, aig Calceolate Bot. what Stern STIG Caleimeter Chen. TAIT Calcination Chem. welleer, 1, arch. Caleite aren eRe BT Calculation Math. fava, arorendt Calculus Math, Tama Differential — Sear, WRIST Integral —aaaktrat, TTA Med. vat, oat Calendar aifed, vain, ere Calibre (2) afet, araaufea (2) Te, giaret Math, wit, at Calibration Math & Met. matefavm, afonaarat, srdret [ghar Calligraphy geaa Cacography Calhpers Phy, saramar, fer Cabose Bot. wafaurh, athya, xt Calms of cancer Geog. Fhizz “ Capillary —law tafe, gait —product Eco aretara, tata Calomel Chem, wzgt, 7eu saioahe [aart Calone Phy. gautt, Tat gears Calorimeter Phy. Sarit, eral WITH, ATT Cala Chem, (4) vara (a) ange ne Calyciflorus Bot, aaht Calycine Bot, eda, orarerticie Calyptra Bot. afirna, aR Calys Bot. av, 7a, gee, AP genet Cambium Bot. garzeiy, afr, aren, weer, wart Camera #4a, ata Campanvlate Bot. drm [alegd Cimpylotrepons Bol. #, “gga, Can oa, 7a7 . Canal Med. aif Caniheulate Bot. aares, Taree Cancel % TY [Asé. +f Cancer Med. at tt Candidate axa Candle-powcr = Phy. ATT ET Canescent Bot ucié 3a) Cinthus Ana. asm, arta, srr Capacity (9) afr, () aTeoralea, ngmafea, (3) aaa, («) anreaieg Law (rien) aaa, srr Capillaceous Bot, S71 Cafillament Bot. tax, aa Capillary Phy, Adj ada Ana. Fan, tania, Faakerr - attraction Phy, tardy aviatza,Bonafide Bonafide Eco featearrs, Fraeha, senfs Pol. sragc Bone-ash aferrer Marrow Ana AAT, WITETT Bony labyrinth Ana alta Borax Chem tram Boracic Acid-(Boric Acid) 2a ones, The Stic Boron (B) Chem Mit [Rosfaqr Botany areas, weahia, a Bounty Leo, ates axe, wart Bowels Ana araret, oft, Ft Brachy Bot arh, @A -carpus erat -cephilic Bol wyxthil, sagem -sterous Bot writ Brichyura Zoo ayqedt Bracket vie, Ana wef Phy aa, oma, 432 Bractea Bot grim, fu, gorr7. Bram Ana ana Psy afters ~fag Psy wither, wa aif folds Try Te - matter WY RT Branch Sof wen, etd, wry, Tra — branching wrearney Branchiopoda Zoo trart Branchlet Bol sr, arr Brassage Eco eamaga, traurf, amet, day Breadth Math sari Breaker Geog, waratt Breaking up Chen fanaa, 372 Breast aaeqs, uri, «aq -bone ag afer - Breathing ~aalsm, aq, alee Breeze Geog wee, Th, Ty Land - , wahiree® Seq = > aT, TRAE: Ww Butter Brick fz, Brew. -field afzast layer tira, -maker gnr Bridge 97, wa, 8% Ana sifist ag, afar: [ster Bristle Zoo arzt ara, Ga, Bot a7, Bnitle Phy sxe, frye Broad vag, fms, freqa, Broad- cast ATT, Hives, vafaiter Bromine (Br) Chew: ifaa fatten Bronch: Ana Fala, qr, -m- Bronchitis Jfed ssarcters, Fehr arhaaty, ana aa Brown =f, aan, aria, ae Brownian movement arepis aft * Brvology Bot Rarafrar Beyophyllum Bot wat (faraat Bryophyta Bot far aeali, Buccal cavity Ava geagar Bucemator Ava a2 It Bud Bot sfen, vi, ae flower — grrrfaa leaf — rrafes Budget arse, 33> [tes Bulb Bot wz, tidt Phy wtat, a, Bulbiferous Bot srvmet Bulblets Bot afta care anaer ArT eT . [ear Bulk Phy saat, ws, se, Bundle #7, 3, Yt, We - of rays Phy Ba ag Bunsen burner arya stat, STF 5 -— aS . Buoyancy Phy acrid, aerentar, aeoratea [ret Bureaucr icy Pol aad, afirera Botn aag, We, FAA, FT Bursicg Ana ?eelt Batter aren, mest, wateBurzer Buzzer Phy. 54 aa Byeelection Pol, 2 Yoh c Cable td, daaka, Fee Cacogenic Poy. aera, TIT, aufiga [cacos= 3, 3% Eugenic qr) + Cadre at, itr {usadta Caducows Bot, tarh,-afert, =e Caccum Ana. Hara, ast Caespitose Bot, avi, afagee Calamus Bot, (4) 44¢ (2) 3a a (3) aa Calathiform Bot. arate, TaTeIe Calcarate Bot ages, FSAFA Calcarcous Chem qarng, Gat, ag Calccolate Bot. whac start onze Calcimeter Chent. Atte Calcnation Chem, wefines, UF, Arash Calcite aed THe ET Calculation Math, fear, wad Calculus Math, Feaare Differential —4enred, TAIT Integral —aeahtest, aMETet Med. vat, enna Calendar afifeq, gar, Fase Calibre (t) afea, arraafea (2) Te, graven Math. wait, =e Cahbration Math & Met. rarrfate, afensatt, aRatat [géat Calhgraphy geaa Cacography Calipers Phy. sara, Ff Callose Bot waftiurh, whys, w128 Calms of cancer Geog FhtS 4 Capillary —law tafaar, entra —product Eco aretart, tatas Calomel adioahe Calorie Phy. gents, Fatt gerne Calorimeter Phy. gears, Fen- RITE, TITATTE Cala Cheat, (4) 8rR (8) wat oe Calyciflorus Bot, zat Calycine Bot, via, gerry Calyptra Bot. atfiraa, at Calyx Bot. aw, #4, gratia, At gerry Cambium Bot. gareia, affrearr, ahem, wep, sara Camera #3, edtry Campanulate Bot. term [ater Cumpylotropous Bol. af, wage, Can Wa, aa Canal Med. afs Canaliculate Bot. wares, tars Cancel % TE (Ast. eéafr Cancer Med. Fat tia Candidate 37a Candle-power SATU Canescent Dot. ashe Sat Cunthus Ana. Arata, weir, srt Capreity (3) afr, (3) onrafea, seuafea, (3) entan, (x) enraater Law (arm) aan, errr Crpillaceous Bot, ante Cafillament Bot. tax, ag Capillary Phy, Adj ¥ tom, Fanon sek A fe ~attiaction Phy, Sayrgq Chem. Target, TERT (ware Phy, ariatza,Capital Capital Eco. at, oh, wat Capitalism yétars, qtarr Capitate Bot, araflay aray Sy — inflorescence Tgra Capiulum Bol. ge, ays, gevatae Capsular Bot. faney, wevta Capsule Bot, agz, ata, fia, ey ‘ Carbon Chem, ara ~ assimilation Bot. ether, Fem, scrraddn, atm Srrceat Cardiac Ana, t24 anit Cardwal get, 79m Ast ARTA, SCT Carding Eco. daa, dsvft Cardiogram Med. eaabrqizaa Cancature (a) afarer, (3) afafea, Q) saat Carina Bot tat, tte Cannate Bot ahr, aearnd Canapss Bot. fag, pry vs, EHS Carneous Bot aeqtaa, wth Crenivora Zoo Baal, ArNpFA, anita Lererar great Carpal bones Ana raat afer, Carpel Bot da asta, othuxe, hase, wert Carpology Bot. wePpnnPunt Carpospore Bot Fety, ware Carpus And, Fiera art Cartesian diver Phy, neath, Parsee « Carotd Ang Fs, WS, wy Cartilage And. Safer, avonter, weraler (asarafast Cartoon spied, enter, cetaa, Camncle Bol hig ' af ‘ Candicle Caryophyllaceous Bot want Case (9) ®t, (3) Pret, (3) grea (©) Frafre Cast (1) ag, (2) Rd, ae TEs Caste wifa, sa Casting ae, set Casting vote Pol. fftzaa, fir . me Ta . . Castration Med. aa aud dz, [adtrer Casustry P/yl, freanar Catabolism Bio. Prats fier, frei fra, anifra, area (Anabohsm wists, wa Metabolism oifrar, area) Catalepsy Geog srvary, wzeay Catalogue aftera, aturt, at, 2230 Catalyser GxQas, warns Catalysis Chene, gata, gum, aay frat (hide Catalyst Chen gaa, adage, Cataphyilary Bot, wary Cataract Med, ataat afd Geo saan, tite Category a4, mf, af Catenate Boé, Hfarat, ite Catharsis Psy shealiear Catharttc Med tar Catheter Med, radi, tarewst Cathode Phy eng, ae (Anodg UT, WAM) - rays Eafe Cation Phy. wm, Aa (Anion * erat fon: aaz Cathin Bet, avert, thmifeegy Coudate Bot, gram Caudex Bol, wer, meaday Caudle Bot qeatafaty, frearsCanlescent = a Character Caulescent Bot. tarawa, TET Caulicle Bot, aera, tous, stadt Caulocarpic Bot. agaitg, zat va + aR Cause #Ru, Efficient — fire, Material — auraviet, RUAFRT -of action Law zed ATT Causeway 'ara, Ba, 44 Caustic Chem, ares, iete- potash eftzra ~ soda ottst Cauterisation 7%, sea, err Cavity Ana. oz, Ht, Bot, ari Celestial Ast. (3) snrranrh, enrpf (3) eriisia, eriteey (3) dex + -distance anardta dav #6 Cell Ana. ata, fie Phy. 83, a0, ad Bot. ~division #9 fama -formation #4 w=t —fusion Boer, Aadia- sap Haw, free ~tissue Padg ~ wall divers, aufufe, Storaer Celluloid ward, Feaetatiz Cellulose Bot. medg, «0s, degen, fuer 9 Censor Psy, nerfrarrs — ship Psy, 4RARAAT Census aad wert Centiflorous Bot. aavai, @ wes Centigrade Tarts, Bie Centipede Zoo. Tar, TAI Central wees, ata, wat Centre ate, TH Math. & Phy. ea, mafrg, aft - of bouyancy aret=z—of curvature waTex, + aiera—of gravity Tea walteg, geatx—of pressure 142, an@x-of simiktude garax Circum sha" Ex—aft: eq In — sa: 4 Radical —aa%q Centric Bot. afar, wee | Centnfugal Phy. Sarangi, art, tad, wage Centripetal Phy. Sanptt, Sarat, eanged, targa Centrode Math. ama, Centroid Math. & Phy. Fraatz, BRAS, STRAY, TEAS Centrosome Ana. aera Cephahe Anth. mada, ruts Cephalopod Zoo. avreagt , Cereal Bot. Pa, WET Cerebellum Ana. sgaftast, ‘arty ana, atieny [ater Cerebral hemisphere Psy, Pars Cerebro spinal Ana. aftarnRyddia Cerebrum Ana ax afiare, aH ia, air : Cernuous Bot. aad, tad (+3 % ge) Certihcate samaa, afffeez Cervical Ana. Ady. 34, aad ~ vertebrae tier array, Hara Cervix Ana, shareng, (sofa) star Chaff Bot. bau, tet Chain of reflexes Poy. afteitta Rargast Chalaza Bot. diem, aft, aga, ftaisas Chamber Bot. ax, Faraz Change vitaéa, Aan, Bere Chaos eeaqeq, sttmeat Chapter 331, areata, frart Character Phy. a4, Pre Bot, ga, Rava Psy. die, can, war safer, siftsq meCharge Chytle Charge Phy. N. (a) diane, faga sia, @) Rare Vda, xard, disaray Positive — Phy. a forr Negative — ate Law (9) aaa, (2) Ba —~sheet Lavo aera Chart 7H Chartaceous Bot. wma Sj Chemical warafax, tare —affinity cana, wart - -combination eda -composition etinaa, dazt -compound «amd, daa -con- “tact ote, tai -equation «wh 7 ~formula oa, dtd -labo- ratory Wat slaw ofsay, Fis, wa —method evafk -operation eh ~process esfaa —symbol eda, Srarne Chemist warhts, wreramn, wart Chemistry taaaiaa Analytical — paracrrapmfrat Applied — att afase Inorganic — sate Orga nic——wiite Physical — dfifare Practical — frmate Chemonastic Bot, wraasita Chemonasty Bot. ware Chemotactic Bot, terri Chemotropic Bot. warrargrt Cheque Eco. Chest Ana. ager, ort, ae Chilblain Med. aearr Child psychology Psy, near fan, weorifign, -welfare aadédirr, “management wees, yd, birth, wfs, <4 Chlorate Chem, wie Chloride Chem, etuviir Chlorination’ Chen. #ihah Chiorics acid Chem. ratte Bek Faice oes Chloranthus Bot. eftagers - Chliorocarpus Bot, eRaweyy Chloroform Med Fatat Chlorophyll Bot. Fits, aa, wer 1 [eee Chloroplasts Bot etivarz, vise, Chloros Bot ag al (stgater Chlorosis Bot, dara Med att Cholagogue Phys. frst Chord Math 341, gigar, stn, ane Muse wes Ang. 0g Chordate Bo. fede, Reet Chorion Ana. miarg, thrmrcr Chorisis Bot. frtxa (wr % gay) Chromate #aq Chromated #fiat Chromatic Phy. tra, thea, aaa {fever ~aberration trgfa, eiaia, m- Chromatin Bot, ts, ta, Rha Chiomatophore Bol. aiers, tla irate Chromoplastids Bot. trareéte, Chromosome Sol. tig, tnan, ara, wate Chromosphere Ast, ahiea, wnira Chromule Bot. tay Chronograph Phy. R2-TE Chronology sei Chronometer aut Chronoscope sant Chrysalis /2:0. %132 Chrysanthous Bot. arigers, Gayers Chyle Med. (ag aant) urrea, cai