Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

MA2030
Linear Algebra & Numerical Analysis
Assignment-1
1. In each of the following a non-empty set V is given and some operations are defined. Check whether
V is a vector space with these operations.
(a) V = {(x1 , x2 ) R2 : x1 + x2 = 1} with addition and scalar multiplication as in R3 .
(b) V = R2 , for (a1 , a2 ), (b1 , b2 ) V and R, define (a1 , a2 ) + (b1 , b2 ) = (a1 + b1 , a2 + b2 );
0 (a1 , a2 ) = (0, 0) and for 6= 0, (a1 , a2 ) = (a1 , a2 /).
(c) V = [0, ). For x, y V, R, define x + y = xy, x = ||x.
(d) V = [0, ). For x, y V, R, define x + y = xy and x = x .
2. Is the set of all polynomials of degree 5 with usual + and a vector space?
3. Let S be a non-empty set, s S. Let V be the set of all functions f : S R with f (s) = 0. Is V a
vector space over R with the usual addition and scalar multiplication of functions?
4. Let V be a vector space over F. Show the following:
(a) For all x, y, z V, x + y = z + y implies x = z.
(b) For all , F, x V, x 6= 0, x 6= x iff 6= .
5. In each of the following, a vector space V and a subset W are given. Is W a subspace of V ?
(a) V = C[0, 1]; W = {f V : f is differentiable}.
(b) V = C[1, 1]; W = {f V : f is an odd function }.
(c) V = P3 (R) and W = {a0 + a1 t + a2 t2 + a3 t3 : a0 = 0}.
(d) V = P3 (C); W = {a + bt + ct2 + dt3 : a, b, c, d C, a + b + c + d = 0}.
(e) V = P3 (C); W = {a + bt + ct2 + dt3 : a, b, c, d integers }.
6. Let A Rnn . Is the set of all x Rn1 with Ax = 0 a subspace of Rn1 ?
7. Suppose U is a subspace of V and V is a subspace of W. Is U a subspace of W ?
8. Do the polynomials t3 2t2 + 1, 4t2 t + 3, and 3t 2 span P3 ? Justify your answer.
9. Let u, v1 , v2 , . . . , vn be n + 1 distinct vectors in a real vector space V. Take S1 = {v1 , v2 , . . . , vn } and
S2 = {u, v1 , v2 , . . . , vn }. Prove that span(S1 ) = span(S2 ) iff u span(S1 ).
10. Let V be a vector space and A, B be subsets of V . Prove or disprove the following:
(a) A is a subspace of V if and only if span(A) = A.
(b) If A B, then span(A) span(B).
(c) span(A B) = span(A) + span(B).
(d) span(A B) span(A) span(B).
11. Let U, V be subspaces of a vector space W over F. Is it true that U + V = V iff U V ?
12. Let U, V, W be subspaces of a real vector space X.
(a) Prove that (U V ) + (U W ) U (V + W ).
(b) Give an example to show that U (V + W ) 6 (U V ) + (U W ).