CHAPTER {General Renuromens 15 Table 1081 - Oeeupancy Cuegry ‘GCuPANGY | OCCUPANCY ORFUNCTION OF ‘CATEGORY STRUCTURE ‘Geapairaving sy od wry ‘ee and pole sas, Gres and lr er crgey vices Sn energney el Stes and her emerges reprise 1034 Nate of Occupancy Buildings and eter srcttes sal be elaesifed, based the mate of occpaney, scoring Yo Table 103-1 for srpses of applying wind and enrhgake In Chapter 2 Een building ooter srr shall be asgned to the Highest apicaleceupancy eslegory or ssepon Aton of i sine rr ome eae Sees gee nconmin egos based ov use and he type o leingconaion | pagent “ours nde ace rgeed Tring evsusted (eg. wind or seismic) shall be recur ere pe permis els for sandy over gen oupoet fer Caspry trues When baling or other structures have autigle wses “ask coker succor ouing {oscupancies). the elaonsip.tetween Hews of aroring water oes acu prs of the building or ober srctre sad the Sane lo erat Independence ofthe sacral system for hose varios ‘eee re ves Dar stall be examized. The clssiieon for each Fependenssavctaa system of «muitos baling Pe sea outings tr ther stirs shall be tht Fhe Bip wage rou orgs and in any prt of the usaing or xher sure tat Is Design eae ctr {paent on bat basi suuetrl stem SS “soparing tues cle chemicals Faas | Nordin sroeumsstonng,eppnine “rooming gua ofa ‘Sipvembemee. ‘Sige ry hoa bag ™ Gece cape 1.000 mt Soo ue see aig sd rte nation ting it 30 oe He ago Meal pis ii ‘ove Asie ihn py 9500008 Sunes aout power Tago andi or tional Scr! Cod of he Pippi Elen Vor1-6 CHAPTER 1 ~Generat Requirements Table 103-1 (continued) - Occupancy Category OCCUPANCY OR FUNCTION OF STRUCTURE All structures housing occupancies or having functions not listed in Category I, Hor Hl and Categor IV Standard Occupaney Structures Private garages, carports, sheds and fences over 1.5 m high,SECTION/208 ° © Honig Eos 208-11 Parpose "Tee pupore of the cathgike provisions heen it nary safeprd sine major scar rea Eh as of if, nto in dag esis Kntion 08.1.2 Minimum Seen Dssign ‘Swetires ant portions thot sal as minima, bo feigned aed consraced to rst th eet f sesaic [pound motos as provided ia hssecon, 208.1. Seismis and Wind Design ‘hen the code-peseribed wind dsign produces greet lfc, the wind design shall gover, but dening ‘eouremens ond intaonsprsebed in his seston and ‘sorocedectine sal be flowed 208.2 Detations [DASE is the level at which the sathquske moons are considered to be imparted tothe scr or he level 3 Mic he sete sea dynamic nar sopponed BASE SHEAR, ¥, is te woul csign lateral force or hear the bse ofa sate REARING WALL SYSTEM isn srt! system wi ‘uta cemplete veto losarging space fame See Steen 2084611 ROUNDARY ELEMENT is an element at ops of ‘pehingyo a petnte of shear walls o diaphragm [BRACED FRAME ia sential vertical iss sytem ofthe conezatic or eecentic ye thal Is provided (0 ett Fores DDUILDING FRAME SYSTEM essay oom Piste epce frame tht provides super fer rail fads, See Seeion 2084.62 ANTILEVERED COLUMN ELEMENT sss clu ‘kant ah a nernb-oceressting syste ta eanlevers fiom fixed se a Ne ranma met eps athe ‘ep, wth trl Frcs app esetaly ae 10. COLLECTOR is a member oF clement provided 0 Armor later forces fom 4poron of wate #6 ‘etalon a he trl fereresisting sytem CHAPTER 2 Minmum Dein beads 272 COMPONENT is «pt o element of a8 aetiecta, lei mesbanial or sro! te COMPONENT, EQUIPMENT, js 9 mestaieal or ‘ectial component or element that pet of inecanial andor elcteal 9, COMPONENT, FLEXIBLE, is» component, inline ie aac, boing «fundamental peso! greater an ‘Go secos COMPONENT, RIGID, ic 2 component, ncoing is tachment, having a fesdanentl penad fs Cab er unl 006 send CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME isa braced fe ct th mente oe ees pan © il res DESIGN BASIS GROUND MOTION is ist oun rion that has 81 percent chance of being exceed in yen ae deterined by a sespecie tazad ana Gr my be termined from # hazard ap. A suite of {pound mation tine hits eh yma ropes Fepreselatve ofthe ste chrictrsic sal Se wed fo Fepresent ts ground satan, The dame effects of he Design Bass Ground Macon may be rprescate bythe Desi Response Spectrum Sev Secon 286.2 DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM is an caste fespone spectnam for 5 peeent equalen viscous Clamping sed to represent the dynam effets of the Design Basis Ground Motion forthe design of sractues in eecotdance wih Sectors, 2083 aad 2086. Ths ‘esgense sperrum maybe era sitexpeie spel used on pologic,tetoi, seimologial and sal Choractereiesaueated with specie ste or my Ben Spectrum constructed in aceordanee ‘with Ue spect ‘ape in Figure 208 using the site-specie values of C, nd Coan snubiplieg by the acceleration of wav S13 ater See Section 20862. DESIGN SEISMIC FORCE ig the inion trl feng design tase shear, Tctors and tuted in cordance with Seton 2085, Nason Stuctaal Coe of a Pippines 6 Eon Vlane 12:14 CHAPTER 2- Mei Ces Loads DIAPHRAGM is 4 bocania aca orion system ag fo Gast fatal fer tothe vec essing sleet The term diaphuga™ nlades vz bean yes DIAPHRAGM or SHEAR WALL CHORD iy the ‘oundry element of 4 daphrigm or shee wall tha 8 sumed ake axial sens ogous othe Manges ot beam DIAPHRAGM STRUT (ug sus, colleete iste clement ofa diaphragm pall tothe spied Toad tat lets and artes dpi shea 10 the erica Fesintinglemen’s or dente Toads within the Ataphnag, Stoh members my ake asa tenon or compression DUAL SYSTEM & combination of moment resisting Frames abd shea walls or braced frames designed. accordance with he erie Seton 208A. ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME (ERE) is « Heel braced fame desiaed in conformance wih Scion Bs ELASTIC RESPONSE PARAMETERS te frees and efomations determined fracas ami ays ‘ing. an uneiueed grouse min representa, in ccofdae with Seton 208 ESSENTIAL FACILITIES ate those sets ate becesary or emergeny srations nbsoauen at rural der, FLEXIBLE ELEMENT oF SYSTEM is one wlase siogmation under ara al signal large han adjoining par ofthe sysem Lining rats for defining specifi exile elemecs atest fh n Sexton 208 5.8, HORIZONTAL BRACING SYSTEM is horizon truss syste that serves these Fintona dapag INTERMEDIATE MOMENT RESISTING FRAME (OMRE isa conte fre design a econdence with Section 412 LATERAL-TORCE-RESISTING SYSTEM sh pct, Df the structural stem doped resi the Design ‘Seismic Foes. MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME i 3 fame in which Drembas and jos se cable af rsing, frces ‘im y exe MOMENT-RESISTING WALL FRAME (I'S) ‘ maronry wall ane eapcily detailed to provide ucile beaver and designed In confermmnee wih Sten 1826. ORDINARY BRACED FRAME (ORF) i » st Tose tae design in accordance wit he provisos oF Sccton 527 828 or eanerte bcd ae signed ‘nscordane wi Seti 42 ORDINARY —MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME (OMRF) isa momentiesising ame ot mewing speci Ceailing requirement for duce behave ORTHOGONAL EFFECTS are the carhqiske load effets on suet elements eommon tn th Ite Forse-resiing eters slong two onhogol te OVERSTRENGTH is 4 charsctensie of stnetues Wer the seul stength Sx linger than the design strong The degree of overdtength nate and ‘ystemdependent Pi EFFECT is the secondary effec! on shears, axis ‘ores and moments of frame meer: doef the eon ofthe verti loa ndiced by herbal dslcanent ofthe sraczeesuking fom varius lading SHEAR WALL is 2 wall designed oes ae Fess paral othe pane ofthe wall (sometines eee ot ‘eval diag o stactral wal, SHEAR WALLERAME INTERACTIVE SYSTEM ‘hes combitons of shear walls ad fies design 0 ‘es stra foces in proportion thi ave Peis, corsierng interaction Between shar vl aad ‘rues call ives, SOFT STORY sone in which the as tise than 70 percent ofthe sifhess of the sary above. Soe Table 2085, SPACE FRAME is « hcedinensiona_ st sl System, without Dearing wall composed of mbes irerennected 3015 10 Tancton at comple sl named unit with of ithoa the aid of hare ‘hapten or Noo-bacng stems, SPECIAL. CONCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME ISCBF) i sestbracd frame design ocevormens ‘wl the provisions of Section 526, SPECIAL MOMENT-RESISTING FRAME (SM3H) ‘a momentsestng ame specially dead poke ‘Assocation of Sturt Enganers oe Pipstile beavior and comply wi he requiemonts piven inchaper or SPECIAL TRUSS MOMENT FRAME (STM) is « Inomentesising tae spec deed to provie Ghtte betvior and comply wih the. prvi Section 25, STORY isthe space besween feels. Slory is he sory et level STORY DRIFT isthe iter! csplasens of one level eave he eve above or ele [STORY DRIFT RATIO is theory ait ivi by the Perern STORY SHEAR, Ui the eunmation of sign ltr Taree above he sry ander onieration, STRENGTIL is ie capacity ofan elemento « member tora factored load seeped Chap 2,34 3 [STRUCTURE is an assmblge of framing members {signed io support gravity adh an ei era force. Smuetres maj he eatgoned ‘2 bling sere oF ooking structures SSUBDIAPHRAGM is potion af 3 daphrig usd Yo "sf wall ancbocage Fetes o apse ee VERTICAL LOAD-CARRYING FRAME is space Fre designed to cary verte wavy as, WALL ANCHORAGE SYSTEM is the stn of ements anchoring the wall 1 he dapagm an those lenents within the dispragm sued develop the achorge frees, ining subsipeaprs and fcotouons tes, at spocied in Scene 2088.27 and dona WEAK STORY is one in which the story stength sess stan BO pera o he ory above, Se Tle 208-9, 208.9 Syne and Notation 4y = wound Moor aren of srw te include sen over by al oerhngs and projets 4. = the combined elective ara he she Walls theft soya he sit A. =the mminm erne sci ny orion Planesn theft tory oa sear wl 4, = thetontonal aplication ft at Lael 1 = mumenea! elicit seis! in Socton 2087 Stet forth in Table 20812 sani eon, ast fart in Table 208-7 = nue eatin give in Seton 208522 = Selection, ee fh in able 08.8 = dead oad on astcti clement =the length aa shear wal ithe fist story ne ‘hrc al the pp oreo, BB Ew B= cartguake Tons set fork ia Setar 285.0 P.Paby = design sie force applied t Level 1 dsipnsenmi forse on apart ofthe stcue, 1, Asp semi ore ona apap 8 FY that portion of the ise abe, V- cousidesd once ae top ofthe ster nein oF {lao ore at Level (or sen Eastin 208-10 N . aceleration de to oravicy = 9.815 msec? Bs Acinn Sigh above the be fo Level 4 nor especialy 1 = importance fete given ia Table 208-1 |, portance factor for morsavetual component asgiven a Table 208-1 = livelond ana snctora lent ayes evel of the acre refered 10 by he ‘tvert designates he ist evel above te base Level = at Teel that i uppeost the main orion ofthe etre Level that level thst is onder design oniderstion 1 designates the Ft evel above th base I, = mesure fer sed in the deterinaton of Cy tm Seale Zane 4 cae 0 bah te proxi the building. or sete to known ay wt Inger st fet Tabs 208 and 208 4 1X; fonesouree Tato se inthe dternatin of In Serie Zone reste Yo bot the proxi the bulding or vetae To kaw Eas wih ngitider sot oth in Tables 2088 392086 laity index of determined ia aecoedce 1 numeral eet sepreserative ofthe inher versiengihs and global due) capciy ot leave zesiting systems 85th Table 28-1 208-18 1 = Sai sed in dering See Sesion 20854 Sac Su Sey Su Se Sy = sl roils 4 “bie a8. 7 elastic firanesa! period of vibration of te “rst nh dict under comer, ce 1 hott erg Ina fre or shea a the bse fren by Cqutons 208-4, 208 5, 208.6, 208.7» OLIN = the design tory shear in Sony nN Notonal Stacie Ce ofthe Pippnes 6 Eton Vou 12:76 CHAPTER 2- Minin Design Loads W =the wl seismic ad load defined in Sexone 2085 1 an 2085318 it psi of etl so signed Level bra respectively. N IW, = he weight fat claret or capone, vy Sthe Weigh of the dapbragm ant tbe clement Uibuary teeinatLivel, solingappeable Portions ofatie late defined in Section ae.1.N 2 = sie zane tra gven ia Table 2083 ‘ay. ~ Maxi inelsti Respose Distant wich Siiettal daitor tl sory anit hs "ores Wen the stuctue is sjeced 10 the Design Brat Ground Maton, inching estate chic ‘nd incltc contribs to th ol deirmaton sin Sesion 204592, 0 1, = Design Level Response Dlaemss, which i be strstr subjected he design samc Fores, host displace 3 Level ete tothe ase due to aped Ieral frees. Tor ween uation 208-10 rm 1b = RedundaneyRelliy Foor givn ty Equation 2, «Seismic Force Ampifestion Facts, which is requ 0 coun fer sacha overtuengh and ‘ston in Tale 208 2084 Crier Selection 208.41 Mass for Design ‘he procedure sl the fnations fr the design of strc sl be else considering simi 200 Site churseteriies, occa, eonfgnation, ster System and eight sp sconianee vi this ston Stracues shal be designer wih adequate strength Yo witstand te ate displacements deed by te Design Basis Grou Matin, costing the inbistc reponse ‘of thesauri the ret ey, overstengh fan city ofthe ate eeeresising sie. The minim design stenglh stall be bso on de Design Sehunic Fores determined in aecnace wth the SNA lea owe proces of Seton 2085, exces ‘mod by Secon 2086584 Where sng desig i wl he lol embitions of Secon 2043 shall apply. Where Allowable Sess [Dos i we the Io ctninatone of Suton 2084 sal apy. Allowable ues Design nay be sed 1 east siding ‘or overting athe soiree rears of ‘he desig approach wed inde dog of he sts, provided oat embintonsof Section 2034 at wa 208.42 Occupancy Categories For purposes of carhqunkersisian design, cach race shall be pla one of the occupy ftogrcsTsted in Table 1011. Table 208-1 apne Irportanes fcr, and fy and saul observation requrnent for ech cate Table 2061 ~ Seismic pore Fates ~ —~T ‘Seismic ame : ae oma a ve viet [ie [i 7 Se ae 0: aap co "Tn of frm Sn 8421 ha “Frac mirc pee pel eso ‘pom eee 208.43 Site Geology and Sol Characteristics ach site shall be asigned a sail pofile type basal on Popery subtanated geotechnical dat using the site fategortzaion pocedine se fora Seton 208.1 and Table 208-2, Wes sol properties ar ot cn nuit eal darts Aol opi ope pe sal a Sal Poflestye Sor ted tb asso unl he ig sere sas De Ses See 2 pes iis of bis ont har Bye liked gen ea 208431 Soi Profit Type Sol Profile Types Sa. Sp Se Sp and Sy ake defi in “able 208-2 ant So Ff Type Sis dened requiring ste specie evaluation a olows |. Soils ater open fire of atlas seis lading, such a igieible sas qi nt reson ct Secu Engrs of he Pieshighly. sensive clays, nd collapsible weakly 2 Peats andlor highly organic clays, where the ‘hicks of pest highly esac ely exceeds 3.0 3. Very high ply lye wi plaiciy index, PF 275, sh the depth of lay ncteds 7.5 4. Very thick sate elas, where the depth ely exceed 38 The iter set oh nthe dint fo Sol Profile Type Sing ste poo evalatan sal be eonseed Ie ste eorespunis to Wee ete the ste sal be chssfed as Soi! Profile Type Sp and a sespecifc ‘ution Sal be enced Tbe 28-2 So Pile Types CHAPTER 2 Minnam Design Las 277 2084.4 Selim Zone ‘The Philippine achpelape is divided ito Wo seismic anes ony. Zone overs the proviness of Pala, Sub nda Taw wile leet of fhe couny iran Zone 1p shown Figure 208-1, Eich sirare shall be nigel ilaie zon fntr 7, in aeordaee With jablezae-. Tble 2083 Sein Zoe Futon Z ZONE ? 7 Zz ua a0 soa] son | Average Sill Fropertes for Top son | sa Som of Soil Poste rome | £08 are Torry [ame Comte |v Wate | Rhema | Sea, ype [pcan | vectors | He! seen sia | my | SR ai | > rock | ° 1300 Tae foe | 00 | vey Dene | 360 wo Sotad | 2 | >50 | >100 sat tock | Bursar] Wwe sie] oe SSO | go Peas steer | caw [ais | tr soy sear walls my be taken as 0.0481, ‘The ale of shall be determined fom the fllowins equation AaZAL02+0.14,) | cos) Teva of Degas in Bguation (208.9) shall ne exceed 2. Method w The finan period Tay be clelated using te “fret! operons deformational characterises cf tievesining elements in» property sbsantated nays. The analyse shal be in sceordance wih te requement sf Soin 208512. ‘The value fF fom Method B sha) fot exces a wae 10 percent greater than the vals of ‘shamed fom Methad Ait Seismic Zone 4, and cent Seine Zone 2 ston Scr Coxe of he Pipanes 6 Een Volume 12.64 CHAPTER 2—MMaimun Dotgn Loos ‘ible 208-114 Earn -Fore Resisting Srcoa Systems of Conse Basie Sdsmie-Force Resting Sy % ® Bearing Wall Sto + Special rnfreed case sear walls a + Onur rene covert she walle rs BBall Frame System: + Spel reinforced cose sar walls or ced es a as) a e © Oia ea ais Wa A D ma rm * emelite ecial oWaT aI al Special reinforeed coset soma ames a ea i RE * emedite refod cnet ramet ss ral i rr + Oulinay rented ences oman Tames 35 25 Ri Be Baal Stems Special ined covers ear alle aS 1 i WE = Owinay reinforced eerste shear wal 6 28 NE NF E Dial stem wih Intermediate Moment Framer ‘Spi iafvedconzete shear wall a ae i En + Onnay sites eect shear wale a2 28 NE 0 + Shear wal ame inknctive system with owinayreifrced esere mom es a 28 Ne Ne and otc enforced eonetete shi walls - E Ganilevered Colum Budding Sysems - [+ Canwest colimn element ce a WL Ww, ‘Shear Walle Frame Iron Sytem 3S 3 NE sa ‘Assoc of Suca Engnoes othe PinesTable20611B Faeguake Force Resting Scr Systems of Stel atti oy Dns Rosing Sten , o neg me a aga ss “igs eaamrearema= | — yf 35] : =e henson amBN | ay Page "© Light framed walls sheathed with wood —— wiwtmccaairoartameer | as | 2 | Mm 1 iain eo | oe al a RTE : . other light materials a8 a8 = B Building Frame Systems - a eee nial a, Sacuaoencrmoom | as | 2 | we ee ccuuwomumace” | oo | 2 | «= oyna - a ee ah aareaoe| at i siructural panels / sheet sted! panels 6 28 Ne _| “© Bockling-restrained braced ames (BRBF), Z SE 3 or Ciataeion eat Same 1 Se an | oo —t— w frames e - - ee ‘ Dee ff ee eee 7} + Spec alse ees mos cana neers s | s Neon! Str Cote of he Phpins @M Eden Ve2A CHAPTER 2 rm Sosy Los Tatle 2061 con) Eanunke-Foye Resisting Stra Sytens of tel Sratem Tien ae ailing Meg imitation by asl Seite Fors Resisting Stern uO o Seanie Zags, | : + Cpe weal and cone once A yao ee a en = [+ Composite sea pate sear wall 7 Fn NL + Buckling restrained traced ime i 2 Nt + Speci sel pne sar wale = 28 NL + Mason shea wall ih tel ORE a 2 NL Stel EP wists! SMR a as ME + Steel EBF wih tes! ORE a De NE + Spcileoesnrealls braced Tams wih el i See 15 ae uo” 7 Spe SRST OT Ha TTT fi me 2 28 NL 5 E Dial Sst ith atrmedte Moment Frames + Speci sil concent aly bed ae s i RE TF “+ Conposi steel and emerae concent i NI rca fae. I 28 Ll ° = Overy compose Hed ame a5 on Ti We + Oninary amos reinlered cones sar a mo walls wh tet cleme'ts, a ee FE. Gintlevered Colom Bulag Star — Special see! moment rier aE, a i i + Intermediate] morse ass 12 20 10, ne = Onna ses! nomen Frames 1 20 10, NF = Canileered cola denen a2 rT NE i G Sie Systems nr Spetilly Detaled Jor + y NL Seismic Resta, Excluding Canleer Tae 208-11C Eanbgunke-Fore-Resisting Structural Systems of Masony ‘System Liniaton and ailing Height Limitation by Basie Sls Force Resisting St ® ee |_. Zone fomst Bearing Wall Some a [+ Maton shir sale a ny [a B.Bildng Frame Systems = Mason shear walls —— aE ae RE % E_Moment Resising Frame Sytem, | — + Masonry momenrsessing wal ame eal a *” (MR {$F | j__" D Dual Systems + Mason sir wal wh SRP ai a {+ Mscy shear wis wth te] OMRE 2a 0 [TS Maso shear walls wil neete IMR 2 NP 3D eth ony MM sony shea 60a Asset of Stutual Engrs he PipesCARPTER2- Minion Design Loads 287 “Teble 208-11D Eartguae Fore Resisting Structural Systems of Wood i: “System Limitation and Dave Sehmic Force Resting System ® a, | Balding Height Latin by L | ane | ne “eng Wal os Li famed was wha pce woe Sera pn wll fo aces oe ss 28 Mt 2 Sores orlen | | _ + Hers iner ial Fae wi 7 72 carves gravity toad. 2 ae a [Lita ash won she pas w we _walls For structures theee stories or lest “ lei ih med walls Wa Wa 2 Hes ier! ee ise Ba 2 2 _carvies gravity load 7 7 Ne » Bins Prone Ss + Lib tamed wal dno paee wood Scr pan walls for sacs te 6s 28 x » Sno ee = Oar beng ebb anes ES az NC 3 ‘The fundamental period T wny be computed by wing the Folloning exiaton 208.10) “The values of apres! any steal force. distibuted Anpcuinstely te tecordance vidh the prisiles of ‘uations (208-12, (208-14) and (208-13) oF any othex Total ition, The eli defection, 8 stall be elated using tbe applied er force, 204.82. Simple Design Base Shear Sines conforming 10 the requirements of Section Diba 81 ny be doignd sing fs procedure 2482.3. Base Shear The tom desig base shia in a given dtetion sal be Alcina te flow etn e011) ‘Wee He ale oF CHa be based on Table 20877 fe Theol eae ype, When the sil popes ae not oor ir sufiint dtl to dstermine the sil profil ‘ope type Sesh usd in Soumie Zone 4 and Type Ssh be ued in Side Zone 2. In Seine ove 4 the NeweSoure Factor, need not be ees than 12 sone ofthe folowing srsar! irglartes re preset 1 Type tor Sof Table 208-9, 0¢ 2, Type | ord of Table 208-10 208.5.2.32 Vertis! Ditibution The forest each level shall be clelned using the fellowsng equation 36, 5, -Hew, 0m) Saw, 20t.1 here the value of C, shal be determined asin Seton nas 20852.33 apptcabily Sections 2085.12, 2085.13, 208521, 208522, $085, 208.59, 208510 ab 2086 sal not apply when “sing the simple procedure atonal Stu Cos ofthe Pipes 8” Eaton Yoke 1288 CHAPTER 2 Minn Cogn Loads ‘sign selon fore fom Section 208.5237, Where se, dy salle ken egul 10 091 times the story height of al stories n Seton 204 82.8 Eq (2830) tt sa Fp 2S a ed exceed Cp, Da Sall ot be Is han OSCMpx. an 0, hal be akon om able 208-1, 208.53 Determination of Slane Factors 2085.31 Determination of, For specie elements of the since, a specifically ied in his cod, te mn Sesign sng shall be the product of the ses force everaengt fston tnd the design sis forces a otha ction 208 For both Allowable Sess Design and Svengh Design, the Sismie Frce Overswenth Factor, sll be ake Fioa Table 28-1, 2085.12 Determination of ‘The vale fo shal be taken rm Tale 28.11 208.54 Combinations of Stevtural Systems Where combine of srt! systems are inceporated imo there str, Ie rourerents oF thse bl esti 208.541 Veetieal Combinations The value of used inthe Sesin af ay sory shall be fess than of equal io the ue of Based nthe given Alreton forthe stry above” Exception ‘This requirement need not be applied to story where the lead weigh above that story les than TO percent of the lott deadweight ofthe sricore Sictes may be design wing the poceres of his Section ude he alin aon ‘The elie structure is design using the Howes ofthe Ino Forceresiting tem eo 1. The flowing werstage sie analysis proeederes nay be use for siete config tn Seton Bisa 2. em |L1 The exible upper portion sl be designed ae Seperate snare, supported erly ty the id lower poi, ung he appropiate ales ‘ofRand 12 Ths rigid lower portion shall be designed as a separate sctise using the ppp vabos of sad p. The reactions from the wp Potion Shall be ose detemnined rom the ans af the uppe prtion ampliiad By the ato the (yp) ofthe upper portion over (ofthe fower 1 Seimic Zone where @ ssa ba a betag all system im only one deetoa, the vale of Rad foc sgn in te oromoal deci ull at be wes than ‘hac sed forth beng wl syste. ‘Ay corbination of bearing wal systems, building Fame systems dual systems or momeacessing ane yrs uy be used to esi seismic foes n sucess than ‘501m ia beigh Only combinations of tual yen td Special momentsessing famer tal be ued rest time fores in seactures exceeding 50 m i height, Seamie Zone 208.48 Cumbiaaton long the Same Axis Where a combination of diferent srctal sya is tz to resist ners ores inthe sme ite, he “ale 9 ‘ised for design in that deeton sal be fener han he est ale fo any of esses alized Indhut same deten, 205.55 Vertis! Distebution of Force ‘The al force sal be dtu over he Height o the sacte in anlommance with Equtions (20-13), 208 14) ad (208-15) im the abeenee of re Hons proce aoe) ‘The coated ce Fa the top, whichis in ation to Fg shal be determine fom esto: F =007V ne14) The vale of usd othe pupos of clean Fa be he period tat eanespons wi the desgn bse sear 2 computed using Equation (208-4) Hynes at eee {025and ny be comilened as ero where PDT second af lxe The ring pono af he bist Shall be ditbuted over he eight of the ise ineading Level, aecoaing to the following eoaion’ Associoan of Staal Enger fhe Prins08.15) ‘aves evel desis a the fe Fal be spi ‘hr the re of the ulding i scordene withthe ass ‘Bouton et tat level Stacia displacements and zig sis feos sal be enkolted a he effect of ree Fad applied tte ayoprate levels above thebae. 208.5.6 Horizontal Distribution of Shear ‘The design sy sear, Yi any story i the sum ofthe Frees Frand F,sbove tht soy. sal be dstibuted 1 the voroa element of th vere er freeresising ‘Sutem in proportion fo thei rien, considering the ‘Bbtiy ore pragma. Soe Seon 20082,3 Frid ‘enon tht we ot itended to Be part of he Lcd ‘ec: eiting syste Were dap ae ot eile the asst ech eve ll Ge apsimed fo be dplaed fam te elelted amie of mate each decor a isance equal to $ fever of the building dimension at tat level Perpendilir to The decon of the fore under Pemigeruon. ‘Te effect of is dgplacement on the Son she data tle cose Diapcags sal be sondted flexible or he puposes bt dsrbuton of story shear and sional moment when {he maximum lata defomaticn af the Sapa Itoce tan Reo tines the veuge story dit of the ‘Meovsed soy, Thi may be detrsne by comparing Tie computed, ipoltiepkne deficton of the ‘Tapvagi et ander nea fo with he sory dof joining vercal-resistingclemens under equivalent tubutay teal fox CHAPTER 2-Nivnun Design Londs 2.88 248.7 Horizontal Torsional omens Provisions shalbe made forthe ceased seas resoing fom Horeontal torsion where dapbraprs fe not flexi The most severe Teed combination for cach tlement sil considered fo design, ‘The torsional design momenta given ory tal be the Troment resulting om ecceni. beeen opplod “apn Trl forces at levee sbve tat sory ané the statenresiaing elements at stry pls an ack ‘The scien trsonl semen! shal be dtemined by tisuning te mass dpced a reqred by Sesion nese Whe torso irgularey exis, af defined in Table ote, the effets sal be aecousted for by mereasing {he aiden torsion at eak lve by an ampistion factor determine om the flowing equation 20816) ug the average of the diplacemens a he een onthe stare at Level mth Sux” he xinar dspacement at Level mm ‘The oA noed not exceed 3.0 208.58 Overturing Every nacre sl be designed a ress he averting ‘efect eased by equa frees specified in Seton Stes AL any level the everusing moments © be Tested shal be determined using those wessmie es (F df) that act on. Yes above the Tevel unde sideration, At ny lve the neemental changes the design retuming momeat sal be dstibted te ‘ioe resting elements i the anne preset ‘Sein 20854 Overaming effets on every elem ‘Gall be cared dow fo the foundation. See Sections Sand 2088 for combining groviy and ssi forces, ional Saul Code fe Pips 6 Eaton Vane2.00 CHAPTER 2 -nininun Dosis tonds 2085.1 Flements Supporting Discontinuous Systems 20858.11 General Where any potion ofthe eral aden system is lscomiuous, suc as fer vertealinegulcy Type 4 in ‘Table 208-9 or plan srogulny Type in Table 20810 concrete, mason, ste anf wood lames siporing och dscontnoas street desian sent {o resist the combination lode resin or the spect ‘elem oad combinations of Sesion 2055. Breton: 3: 1 Me ein aca ce he ‘masini force that canbe manfred tthe element he laterasoreeratting gion 2. Concrete sla pring light frame ood shear veal gts see and wood ctr Pel shearwaletens For Allowable Suess Design the den sen may be determined using allowable tess incense of 1) ads resistance factor, ¢ of 1.0. This increase shall ot be Combined withthe one hides Inesse peed by Seution 2034, bat my be combined with te duration of ead crease permite in Seaion 6153.4 2308.58.12 Detaing regulranents in Sse Zone 4 In Seismic Zone 4, clemens supporting dscntionous syst shall mt ‘he follwing tng oe meer sets Reinforced concrete or wife masonry elements Aksignedprimaily a6 suiahload menbers Sa amply with Seton 421445, 2. Reinforced concrete eleven dined pray as Aexoral memes and sipparting her than igh fame wood shear wall tem or hphetrans se an! wood stetra pel ser wll systems shal emp ith Seevone 42.32 and 42133. Sena computations for portions of slabs design a8 ‘sipping clement stl incl aly thor portions ‘ofthe sb tha empl it he reunonens of hse Masonry elements desis pris 2 ava ond fanying_ ‘members sll cogly wth Sestons 3061124 Hem al 7.262% 4. Masony elements designed pinay as Renu Ines hal op wih Scton 908262 8 Ste clements designed primarily as axiboud members sll comply wih Seca $1812 al ©. Steel elements dsignat_pinasily as exe members o tries shall have bracing for bots top ‘nd boom boxn fing o chore atthe locaton ot Ihe suppet of the dscontinus stn and shall comply withthe agurements of Secon $151.3 7. Wood cements designed primary a6 flexural members shall be proved with sora basing Soli Blocking at ea en of the sement a tthe oomection eatin) of he dscontinsour ste 2985.82 At Foundation See Sections 2084.1 and 3084 for oven mavens ‘oberesned athe foundation sail rice 208.59 Dei Dif or horizomal displacements of he esren al be ‘computed where requted by" this coe For" bot Allowable ‘Stress Design and Strength Design, the Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement, yy of the strcture used by he Design Batis Ground Maton shall edecrmined in accoedsnee wth thie scion. The ri conespanding 19 te dagn seismic force of Seton 2085521 of Section 208.65, shall be determine’ cordance with Secon 2085911. To detente Sy these dis shall be amped acordane with Seton 208592 2085911 Determination of ds A sti, elastic amlysis of the lateral oreesiting System hall be prepared using the desig ssc fers from Section 208 871. Aha, dynam ana a ‘nay be performed in scores mth Serticn 208.6 ‘Where Allowable Stexs Design sd od whore fis being computed he loud combinations of Seton 2933 ‘shal be used. The mathe! mag! shill only th Sts 208.512, The eng dforains decd 4, shall be determined at al enc locations ta he Structure, Catelated dt sal ieloe nls! and testmal defers. 208.59.2 Determination ody The Maximum Inelastic. Response Displacement, Bi shale computed follows Ry 20817) by Exception: Alterativly. yy may be computed by nonlinear tine ‘nsory analysis in acordance with Section 20888, The analysis wsed to dterine the Merino Inelie Response Displacement ysl consider Pa eet Assoc of Stu Eager athe Pipe2085.10 Story Drift Linitain Siory dfs stall be compute using the Manmusn pels Response Dipaconert 21185104 Calestted Collate sory di wing Ay sall not exceed 0.025 tes he ry beh stares having fonds riod of Jess than 07 sce For stucures having 8 Rindamctal peviod of 0.7 soc er pres, the eletted oy dit shal ot exceed 0:204mes the say eight Beeps 2. These deft hms may be exceeded hen it i lemon that greater dt can be tleated by tock vctra element and nonswcrral element? that could afet tie safety, The drift sed this ‘asesnen shall be tase? por the Alan Inlars Response Disaster Ze 2. Thre shall be a0 drift it in singlestony sel. Jramed strctares whose primary use ts lined 10 Storage, focoris or workshops. Minor accessory ter shall be alowed Srusnos on Which the ‘tcption is wed hall not have sguipment attached {oe srctral fame or sal have suc epupment tlle to accommodate the additonal def. Wale that are laterally supported by the ste frome Sal! be devigned to accommodate the dif accordance ih Section 2048.24 2885.10. Limitations ‘The design Inter! forest determine the eaeated se ny regard the Himten of Equation (2088) Su (209-7) ait may Be bined othe poi! teins From Equton (208 10) neglecting the 309 40 percent Innaions of Section 208 52.2 tem 2 2085.11 Vertical Component ‘The following requirements apply in Ssiamic Zone 4 only, Horna eaniever eomanen shal be designed foc a net wpward feat OCA, In akon to all oer apple tod combinations, ein estessed component shale designed using a re san 0 psc he ea ed For te evi lead aloas ur a combination wit the lateral force tet 20846 Dynamic Analy Procedares 208.61 General DDyamie analyses grows, when sed, hal conform forthe criss eae tht seein. The aalyis Soll e-baelo9” sn spore ound woton CHAPTER 2- Minn Design Lois 281 representaon an shall be pesfeamed using octal Fincils of dys, Socties hat are designed in secrdance wih this section shall comply with all oter applicable requirement of hese provisos. 208.62 Ground Mati The ground motion epetentation hall ta minima te one busing 410 percon probbiiy of being exsrese Sp year shall ot be reduced by the qanty Rand my bene of te fowin. |. An els design response specu conseted i aecordance wih Figure 28-3, using the vals of C, nd C, cowitent wth Ie spesie ste The sign ‘eleton res al he mated ye feelin gray, O16 eo 2. A stespesiie laic desgn response speneun tase onthe gol, ectone,sismolgi td sl characterises storied wih the spies. The Spectrum stall be developed fra damping rato of (0s, unless ilferent value is shown 10 be onitnt with he snipe slot behavior the atnsiy of shaking establishes forthe site. 3. Ground motion vine histories developed for de specie sie all Re repesanatve of acl fehgake motions. Response spectra om tine Ihmons, eer india orn combination, sa proximate these design spectrum eonfoming © Seen 20862 em 2 4 For snetres on Sol Profile Type Sn the ellie requirments sll apply when fequed by Seton 206.685, en 41 The ground motion representation stall to developed in accordane wth Heme anc 3 42 Possible anplifistion of balding response oe to the effets of sastucaue iteracion an Tenghenng of uldingpeiod caused by inlet betawce tall be considered ‘5. The vest component of ground motion may be Asinad by sealing coreponing hota tceclerions by factor of eo this, Allee facors may be wied en bsnl by site Spocte dita, Where the Near Source Fale, Na fener than 1D, sitespece. veel espana get shal be sod in ow of the fete oft te 208.6. Mathemateat Model a ‘A raters! mel of te physical scr, present he pata dsubtn fee mas and TS ‘of the srstre oan extent dt adequate 4 Notional Sct! Code tha Phipine 6 ion Vou 12.92 CHVETER 2 Misra Oseqn Leas faleuion of he sigufian fenues of its dymmic Fesponse A thyeesiensial rode sal be ged for the dynamic analysis or siuctues with hghy ela Plan "confgwations. Sich’ as ose having." plan Frogulaiy dened in Tae 208-10 and faving apo ‘eos aap, Th lise properties tod te analysis aa genoa nants edi al be secordance wih Seton 208512 208.64 Description af Analysis Procedures 208.64. Response Spectrum Anais ‘An elastic dani analysis of a stuctare ating the Deak dam sponse ofall made having» siguient entibution 1 to sincual response. Penk id responses are caleltedasing the ednses of tie Appropriate respose spect cove which carespond to the model petods. Maxima ml conus te combid ita sail marge ain a apprise {otal svete espns, 208.642 Time History Anas ‘Analysis of he dynamic sponse of stuctrea each increment of tne when ihe tas sujet io pesic round eto time story. 208.68 Response Spectrum Analysis 2086.51 Response. Spectrum Representation and Interpretation of Results ‘The ground mein epeseation stall be in accordance with" Section 2086.2. Thecomesponding renee paraneters inelading fore, nomen nt dace ‘hull be devoted Elis Response Parameters Elst Response Parte say be vee in aecndance ith Seaton 208454 The base shea fora wien duets, dtemnined ving nami analysis st othe ess than he wl oad bythe eqivalem aera free method of Seton 20852 In tis ene, al conespondingesponse paramere juste proportions 208.65.2 Number at Modes The require of Section 208.6 1 a alsin odes Be cided muy be tats hy demons for the modes eonseed. Test 9) pereeno s Parccipatng mse af the susie ice he lean of expanse fr eich pnp hiatal ‘tt 208.65.3 Combining Modes ‘Tho peak mumber forces, depacemcnts, story freee. story shears an base rion fr each rods hl Be combined by eevognized melds. Wea three Glmeiionaltodels ue used feral, Nal Ineaction effes shall Be onsdeed we coining, Ps nis 2086.54 Reduction of East Response Parameters fr Davies Este Response Parameters may be edued fr purposes of design naceordance wih te following es. ah the Timisuon that in no. case shall he Else Resonse Pramsos be reduced Sich hat the coespening csign tase text ffs than the Fhe Response Base Shesr Avid by eval of 1. For alt regular atures where the ground tion representation comps with Seton 20882, tem I Ee Response Paramtes may be veded such ‘han 90 perant of the bare shar drm a cordance with Seton 208.52 2. For all epular structures were the round motion represealaon complies with Seouon 208.62, lems 2, Esti Response Pare ray be reduce sc ia the somesponding design Bate shear en. less (han 80 percent of the bate shear stn sccrdane with Section 20852, 3. Focal eglar stuctucs, eeguless of te pound roion representation, Elec Response Parte tnsy he reed se tht the conesponing design oe tear i nt Tes than 100 erent f the base Shear etre in accordance with Seon 2085.2, ‘The conesponing retced design sisi ces el be ‘0 for eg acendnce with Seen 203, 208.655 Directional Eects Directional effets or horizontal ground maton sal tonfarm 0 the requements oF Sectan 208.51. The ects vertical grmnd_ motions ono otlevers sn petesced sears shall becomes ts seconde wh Seton 20851. Alea, stil sion response nay be determined by dane resonee ‘eos, inp ce al the espe used for dsm be Sanat bain by the tate method 208654 Torsion The analy sal acount for torsional fey ining cident tonioml effets at presrbel i Saion BONS T. Whore Wucedimensonal models ae ase fr ial, effecs of aceon san hall Be aeeaned Tor by approve aujusrents the pel sich idjsinen of ts etn, by equa cede sch ay povided in Seton 2085 82086. Dual Systems ‘Where tetera forces ate ete by dl system as {efined in Section 208-44, the combined str shall te capable of essing the tne shear deernined in Accordance wah thi sextion. The mara seing fe fal confer to Secon 208484, lem 2, and may be Saale us ie he eocedes of Satin 208.5. 0 tos f Secon 208.85, 08.6.6 Te Hetory Analyis 2886.6. Time History Tine-isoy analysis sal be pstrmed with pits of sporopriaiebvizorialgroundiaton ine history atyporets ht sl be selecedad sel frm tes than tre nosed event Ape tine tres oll have maghitodes fait dianse and source ‘nqake "(or makina’ capable ‘etiquake). Where Ber appropriate record grou ‘mation timodisory pas se st ava, appropiate ulated ground rotion timeoy pis aye wed to make op the fla mer recused For each pat of Iizonalpeund- motion components, the gure root of the som of he squares (SRSS) afte pecet-damped SSspecfe' specinn. of te. sed horizontal mponcis stall be constricted The nations bal be Sealed such ha the average ln of fe SRS secre ‘doce noc fall below I tee the 3 perceutdraped Specrum of he desig-basi eartguske for periods om 27 teond o 157 seconds, Eat ps of tne histories shal be apie smalanously othe ode considering tenons eet Te paneer of inte sal be ete for each tine History aly TF de inchs ance re erfoad hen the maxim reponse ofthe parte rest sl be ed or design I seven or more te Ison anaes are performed, ton the average vale of lbeseiponse parameter of ines my Bese for design, 2086.62 Elastic ime History Axaysls late time bisory shal confor 10 Sections 2086, 2oKe2, 20863, 208652, 208654, 208655; ane 6, 208.457 and 208.66. Response prover fom este time-hstory analysis sl te donted ax Ewe Response Fatale. clement stall be signed using» Suength Design. “Hhstc Respanse arate ay be Sele 4 aeerdanes th Seton aie CHAPTER? -Animum Design Loads 208 2084663 Nontnenr Time History Analyls 218.6.6.4 Nonlinear Time History Nonlinear time history aaysis shall meet equrements of Section 208.410, an ine Biss sh be developed and yess determined in accordance Wi the roqucenents of Seton 208661, Capacties Charities of ponies element sal be moses ansstnt with testator sbsuntated. analy, ‘onideringthe_Inportince Factor The ne Fnelasi response placement sll nt be eed al comply wih Seaton 2085.10 208.6632 Design Review When nonlinear tine history analysis i used justify stacturl design 2 design review of the lateral fore: resist system shall b perormod by an independ Snpropriatacpins and cxpeenced in seine Sgr methogs The atrabforeereiing 93 sign review shall inetd, but ot be limited to, te Totwin: Reviewing the development of stespeiie spec and grou-mosion tine histones. 2 Reviewing the preliminary design of he ler force resting tem 2. Reviewing the final design of te tna force resisting sytem and al spring srlyes ‘he engineerofrecord shall submit wih the plans and Caleumione astenent yal members of Oe nginceing cin dong the review ating hte above ‘eview has ben performed 20427 Lateral Force on Ehments of Structures, [Nonstractural Components and Equipment Supported by Structures 208.2. General Elements of sete and their stachent, permanent oosucalconpaneis and thir tates, an the Sashes for permanent equipment suportee by © ‘uctre sal be designed 1 Feit the ttl design ‘ham fees prescribe n Seton 208.12 Aichnanis for Mor oF roofsvountsd eqipmest Sreiahing less than 1 KN. and furmare ned ot be Aesignod ‘ntnchments shall ince anchorages and requir Bracing rstion resin from pat Teas shall a be ome povide essnee sisi ES. Nato Sractal Code of he Pibphos 6" Eton vou 12.96 CHAPTER 2 - Menu asi Lands When the srr faire of the Iteroreeesiing stems of soar eguiptent would eae nie ara {och syste sal be dane o rest esse os prescribed in Section 208.72 ‘When penile dsip ergs sad ter sssepance ier ate ot contained in of refrenced By thi ca Sich ceria sll be sktned fom apyved aos! Standatds subject othe approval of the bain ii. 208.72 Design fr Total Lateral Force The tial design Intel sssmie foes, Fy, sall be Astermind Irom th falling cation Fy =ACyl Mp hs con.is) Alrativly, Fy may be eulitd sing te flowing 208.19) Except that 6 tal ot be es han OFC Ip ond eed not be more than $C -h, =e element oF comgonest atuchinet eeation wih eset wo grade shall a be ake ess han 40 |, the snr ooFkeetan wth espeto gre 2, =the inst Conganent Armpieton Factor {har vanes fom (028 1 value for sll be sete fom Table 208-12 “Alternatively thi fctor may be deere sed 00 Ih ynamieproperies or ene! in ofthe componsn tnd the sacar tht suppor Tae vile shall ot be taken estan 1.0 ys the Component Response MadifationFastor tht stall be ten fom Table 20812, excep that for fnchorages sul equal 5 fr slow expnsion acho tol, sallow chamea aha or hallow cat place nchors. Shallow anchors are thos wih annem Feng te-dmetr to oe han &. When anchorages ‘opsruted of sonduce tial by seo asin, shal equal The design tert eres dternined using gation 208 1) oF (20819) al be dtted in proportion We ‘mas sition ofthe let on component, Fores detrnined using Eun (208-11) C7) Shall be used fo design members and cosets Cnt leans hese “oreo the simi Members sad connection sign ul ‘ombinaions and aeons specie in Sein 213.3 on 2084. The RelihliyRedumaney Facon my be taken oqal 0 For apesble faces andl Component Kos ‘Moditition Factors coectrs fre. “ Alapagms, ofr lo Secuons 208821, 2066 noes Farce hl be appli in the horizontal isto i eal in th toa res! longs for Sign 208.7. Specying Lateral Fores, Design specications fo equipment shall ei sec the design lateral fares posted havin or rsfence ‘hese provisions. 208.74 Relative Motion af Equipment Attachments For egipnent in Categories Ian bling a date in Table 101, the nera-force desig shall uns ees of rlatve ston ofthe pats of achat to ‘he suet, sing the di based yp by 208.75 ternative Designs ‘Where an approved national sundae or appoved Py! testa provi a basis forthe eathquake- {eshtat design previ Spe of equipment ooh oyster component, sucha andro dla my Bo accepted ba fr design the some wih the folowing hiniaons: ‘These provisions sll provide mininom ves fe the deign of the anchorage andthe members sit coanectinns tht transfer he farses tthe tem “The fre, Fy and the overming rent win the desig ofthe aostntual component shal ‘ye es than 80 pereet of the vale hat ou ined using ese provisions. Associaton of Secor Enpses ot Pipestment of Stes and Narr! Compote and Expert CHABTER2-Mavnum Design Loads 295 Tobe 206-12 Hevizol Free Factor, gp and Ry for Cava Elomi or Compenet Le [tome ‘a. Unbracedl {cantilevered} parapets. 2s 30 - © Blots sivas ped tad” a] ay » Tain og tiny nt oo Lo ‘va Ss seo Setog 208-72 30 2 a i Guage weetemioeseatee — a ° _ Tet Soe ndaiinciti~3"|5p 2 bee! 4 Storage racks {ielode comtens} over LB m all, a3 40 4 $Reneon cane ai RSS|] ag ‘har 1-8 min beg chade commer) ° 2° é | ie arrearage Te Te ~ 107i, * Soccer | ve | aw | nit 3 women | Rae agen owe spy yon an oa Shine |) Hees eyes Noten Sata Cot of he Phpines son Vlune +2.98 CHAPTER 2 Minirum Design Leos Nersor Be 0812 1S Son rn off npn a scone 2 Seen 2882 Jan 822 creo a So 2872) einai pe ur pl 1 pS eon * Gm age ae rg ak ay id win hii of Sn 1 Lan an ws a be So ete Petite pl to apn do 2 Cayce nn dig * Gone hal cha end eer ene prio ht roam ng Frat ‘fds roe sling ee ton 63 hae "Cent of ek ne a a hed eae mee ha ag eg iret dal suo acs Lh fre md ach i ied almond a pal eng sl ‘natn pot a ant sO and 2 Pa * Nears al tc dees pc ford BSA Fn hl, a end tht gi, vain i eg es tn pe mr cr iran eas pe a mare i i th re Sh ‘ac eatin ee err oes ren Mfr ot! al ig a ot Jottandogaera Se mei etm wa et gro i fing cons re me "art maf itr dt ie oe dep pe he rr "rThepinger i te aa th een “smn th ppg he Sn ne mp of pen en th at ee pngaramcoraneaer meson ee catatonia gp PA gift 28 neg ripen oe ey me ‘igo mets coe oe fuera fsa " Stretton lee! rena cer ay coi ht ato fling in “ie 2 al tiene acre acne meg ei es Lanter So et of ro pe "tng tho ae ea ces ca rye "Sat cts wp eo eo hs Pg hon el awh ns oan yar ir ag Soe one kena ew as eee or pera Seto tes ton sang pn sal be eo! ae! ming ha th ea shal a hero nt rh acre on oom rege yo ‘von tel oto ne ht ewes 3 an hop ea hor fetta wig [Sparel Tac pin rs ors or chr cle mao 0818 fg ‘italia 28 © Egon ce al eb sk at ae a ra ry nf ti cp. % Eigen score ae red et i ae hl a eed wr potion ‘ening ad ° Mreen cng iti dit chen slp a pris oie achat se segs pals cnn a 1 Serre cs eid pin mel er ei ‘aie ie Phnom ewe reser ia rear oe 9 ‘re tara ns oa Asocion of Suc Egon of he Pines084 Detaled Systems Design Requirements 1088.1 Geneeal I struct faming systems shall comply wih the ‘Agents of Seton 2084. Ory he element: of he Senate ses sing sytem shal be wed 0 ‘Set design foc. The svi component shall be ‘Tete to resist the peed design ssa Tres SEinn them, Toe crponents ha ao ery ith fhe pect surements forthe aera omen Capes 4 dough 7 In aden, ses Faming ste {aicompinents shall comply wih tbe dled ys “ign refulements contained Section 2088 ‘Al building components in Sime Zones 2 and 4 shall fe designe to rst the effete of the seismic forces Feed rin and he effets get lain Aad and Moore loads Conserstion sal be ven Yo dian for uli effets ‘md by ses lone In Sexe Zones 2 an 4, provision shal be me forte tffets of cahqoake forces ating ta ection other ‘Gen the pine ater io cach of the fllowng 1. The stmt ha plan regi Type $s ven in able 20610. 2, The ttre has lan ieglriy Type 1 en la “abe 208-19 fr bth major anes. 2. A-colunm ofa sacar fre pc of 0 oF ore inersccting Iaoreesitng syns the axial Inad in the cols due to stom forces ting in ether direction is less am 20 percent ofthe ‘in axial oad capa. ‘Te requirement tht orthogonal elects be corsiered tmay be sated by designing sch element fr 100 ton of the preci sag seismic Tree one Greco pis 30 percent of eps design seine Teyes in the perpendiclt dition. The conbinton rej he preser component steng sa be mse fo ‘sign Alcatel, tbe eects oF the 6x0 ong “tations may be combined on a square oot fe sum fof the squares (SHS) has. When Bye SRSS mod of ening detox we, coh oy eompates ‘hall be esignod the sgn that wi esl in ho st CHAPTER 2—Mininum Desinboods 287 2084.2 Structural Framing Systems Four types of gene bldg ing ste defied in Section 208-46 ae copied ese provisions and Shown in Table 20811. Each ye & aubvied by th ype of veri lent wed t resist Ira selsmic ores. Special feng requirements a given in his Seton a a Caper thr 2088241 etal For components canon fo diferent stot ystems, Themes snictive dang requeent shal be ws. for Combination of Spstens 208822 Connections Connections tha exist design stsmic Fores shall be ‘sgn and det on the craigs 2088.2. Deformation Compasity ‘i struct faring eleens and ter connections 0% ‘uted by design to be pt a the aerabforcesessing ‘Sater, sal be designe andr detailed 10 be equate UE nan support a design dea plus ive loads when Subjected fo he expected defomations caused by sesmic Fores Pele on sch elements shall be considered. pected deformations sal be determined 5th paler ofthe Maximum Ilse Reyponse Displacement, se fovsiderng Pa effects deteiined ip accoedane wil Sesion 208592 or We deformation induced By # toy Ghat of 00025 tines the ary hoght. When computing pected defoatons the silening effet of those ements aot pact of the eal reiting sem ‘hal be neglected For elements ot pa ofthe tra freeing spr. ti ots nt by the expt defamation ay be vided a ulimate cr factored forces hes ampting dhe Tors induce by expected deformations, {he Teainng effet of aining ig stustres and ‘owsttutural sees shall be cosidered apd rational Value of member and resin si fbess shall be se Inelastic defomatons of member an connections may he considered inthe cvshation, provided the assumed niet capacies are consent wih rember and ection design an Seating or caneete ad nsony elements that ae pst of the Ica fvee-sesistng sytem, the assumed Neverland ‘heat tines popes sl ol exon one al ofthe pons sevton prec unless tena rckebseton stupas pete Anal deformation tha ay uit em foundation oxbilty and aghagm ‘steions shal be costed. For eno element pt of te laefnceresting system, see Secon is.2.98 CHAPTER 2 Miran Dasip Lone 208423. Aajining Rigid Elements Moneatresising fares and. shear walls may be core by orajoined by aore pi oement reves ‘Tsun be shown thatthe pation or fre of Ge hore igi elements sill rot pai the vere and Inert ladedsing aby of the gravity load and Inler-orceressing systems. The elects of adjoining tigi skomente al) be cndideed. wien sein ‘wether satire shal be sige eu rire in Serton 20845 2108.82.32 Externe Elements Exleior pon bearing, on-stea wall panels or lemente that ave atached too etlose fhe exesin shall be ‘engned fo resist the forces por Equation (208-18) or {G0H19) snk shall acormnodste movements of he Ftvcre bred chy and temperature changes. Sich ‘lemens shall be supported by means of easein-pace oncete or by mechani conectons ad Tsenes in ‘Scorn wit the allowing poisons 1 Comaetons an pane ens bal alow fr area movement tween sis of at ss hab to tes Slory diced by wig tbe calealed story dri asd on yor 12.7 mm, shichever is eer 2 Connections pent ovement in the plane of he pel for story di sulle sliding conection ng Floed or oversize hole, connesions hat permit overeat by bending of sel ore comactons ‘powiding equiva snp ad dutty espaciy 3. Bodies of soonsstions shal ave suficietdcsiy se wean capacity © prchse ace oF the erator i flue aor ear wee 44 The body ofthe connecton sal be designed for he fore determined by Equation (208-9), where Ry 3Oandg, 10 5. All fees ia the sonnetng sytem, sch a8 bats, inserts, weds ad dowel shal be designed forthe foves determined by Exitan (20819), whee, = HOuda.=10 46. Fasteners bee in onerte shal te atc for hooked oun, reifrciag sel or olerwis Feomiaied to ellsaiely asf fess 10 tbe Fenforcing tot 2088.2. Tis and Continuity AIL pts of etre shal be stercomneted an dhe ents sal be capable of yaraiting the sae fance indeed by the pare being connected. AS nnn, ay slr portor ofthe isa Be tothe versio he bang wh lens having a Teas strenght oust 5 ff te he weight he sale potion A pstve conection for resin brzonal For ating Forel to te ener sal be bed To eh my, {ider or tna Tne free shall hot be st ah 0) Tres he aps ive oad 2088.24 Colestr Elements ‘Collet element sll be provide that ae cape of Transfering. te seismic forest aéiginling h_hsr Poston of te aucure 10 the element provi “he Fssnce thot fort, CColetor ckmens apices and ther connection: t@ essing lent shall rei the faces. eerie st cordance with Eaton (208.20. ation, cote emeis spices and ther comtestions 10 reiting ‘emote shal have tbe design steogh 0 ses the ‘Stns leds roving fom th psi sn ve of Sco 2035. coption In races portions there, braceetrely by Fhe fame wood shear wale or lghtfiame see! and vood ftrctra ponl shear wal sjtoms, collector elms Splice ar connections ta rsisig element eo Is Ueigned to est forcer im accordance wih Equation (200.20, “The qunty feed ya exceed he maki Frc that am be tafeed tote cletr By the phn and ter slemens ofthe ltralforeevesining sytem. For Allowable Sress Desigas he design stenglt aye “erin eng an alowablestess reas of 1d esses fet of 10. Ths terese sul per be Contin with de oe hed ses setease pete by Scuoa 2034 bt ay be combined wi be daratien of Toad nce jee n Secon 5183.4 204.25 Concrete Frames CConerete eames reed by design 0 be pa of the Tataforeesiing system shall conform the fal 1. Seismic Zane 4 hey shall be pein arent isting ames 2. In Seine Zone 2 thoy sal, 2x ein, be termediate noment- resisting aes 208..246 Anchorage of Conerete ar Masonry Wall ‘Certs or sony was sal be anchored al tnd rote provide outa ane ira snp the teal The ahchorgs shall rows 1 postive suet oonction “hewees the waland Moor or 0 enti ‘capable of vessing henge of the Ivins forces spi th ston an Secon 24 an 2087. addin. in Some Zee Asso of Satu Egor tie PNapap o wallanchoage using embeded supe shall, five te saps atasied oe hooked round the ‘ning sts! of otherwise tented to effetvely {nnslerfrss othe reafreng see. Requirement for fevlopng ancerag Tres in dapirag me given i ‘Siotan 208828. Diaphiegm deformation hl be considered inthe sgn of the suporied walls 1288.26.41 Ou-o¢ lane Wall Archorage to Fesble Diaphragms ‘Tas section sl apy a Seismic Zone 4 whee ible apbrogns, 5 defied in Section 208 56, provide nes ‘spare for walle 1, Blements of the wall anchege system shall be signed foe the fves spesfed in Sesion 2087 whte Ry = 30 and oy 1 2. Simi Zane the val oF wed frhn dasign of the elements of the wall mchorage sytem sal tot be less than 60 HN per lea mater of ‘bated or |. See Section 2064 for minimum desin forces in ‘ter este zones, 4 When element ofthe wal aborage system are nat leaded concen or arent pepe fo the wall the sytem shall be cesiged to rei a components a the forces ind bythe eset, ‘5. When plasters are preset in te wal, the anchorage force a te paters sl be ace considering ‘national ose ansfered fom the wal panels © the pls However, the mist anchorage foes ata Mage or woo sal be ht spied in Seton 208271, he | {6 The stength dsign forces fort clement of the wall anchocage sytem shall bs Ties the frees otherwise requied by thisseetnn, 7. The strength design forces for wood element of the wall anchorage system shal be O85 fines he force Ciherwise required by this secon abd these wad Slemente shall have x mini atl et Dass ORS a 204.227 Diaphragms 1, The deeston nthe ple of eas hal xcced the porisnible delecion of the ached flementzFermisible defision shall Be tht derection that wil permit fe alched element ain its sein imegity ander the individ ‘eating an cmtinie osupprthe peste lead 2 Floor and oo diaphragms shal be designed to resis the fore determined in icernge ith the feline easton CHAPTER 2-teimum Desig Loads 290 208.20) The free Fe determined fom Equation (208-20) ned rot exceed U0 bat sal noe ess Ba OC ‘When he diaphragm is equi to wanser design sisi forces fom the vertical resisting clmens above the Saphesp to oer vena-eising clement below the ‘aphrapm de 6 offset the plsceret ofthe elements orto changer ip sifpese inthe vere! eetnt, ese faecal be adde Wo hows detained fom Equation (208-20, 3. Design seismic forces for enible dagtragms Providing aera suppons for wale ame OF Inne oe concrete hall be determined ung uation (208-20) based op the Jad determined scordane with Seaton 20852 sing 201 xseding 4 4 Diaphragms suppontiog conte or masonry walls stall have cominuogs tes or sat betwecn aphnagin chads fo disibte te anchrays forse Speciied in Seton 208827. Adel thoes of ‘Sibéaprapme maybe ased to frm suddparagns ve am the sochoage Trees (0 the main ‘inoue croatien The tains length-o-vith fata ofthe wood sete sub-aphrap shall be Bs 5. Where wood daphne ae ate nterally suppor. setae or masonry wale the atehoage stall enue co Section 208827. a Semi Zone 2 fd 4 anchorage sal not be accomplishes by eof Toes o als subject witha, wood lepers oe traming shal ote wed In cross ga ening ‘rosea tension, andthe contoots Ss requed by tem 4 stall ben adoro the diaphragm sheting {6 Connections of dpi the vere elements ia Strats in_Saumic Zone aving plan Sreulriyof Type 12,3 ot Table 208-10, shall be dgned witht considering eter te on-hird increas o he daston of lod erase considered inv alowable sess for lees reiting ctu frece 1. tn sustres in Seige Zane 4 having a plan Sncglanity of Type 2 in Table 208-10, capes Clade aed dag. nce shill he designed idering independent movennt of te prjeting. Srige of he siete, Each of thse diphgr Nota Sturt Code of he Phnnes 8 Eon Ve 12:40) CHAPTER 2 Mrnum Design Loses elements shal be designe for the mere sever of te Towing wo assumptens 1 Motion of the prfeting wings fn the same ‘rection Cs ea ception This requirement may be deemed sated Ifthe procedures of Seton 2086 in conunction with a thre ‘linens! model have been uzed 10 termine the ator om forces fords, 2088.28 Framing Beto ts Base ‘The sreng ad stiffs of the faning Beween the bse ‘SGpenttuctre, The special dalling requrements of Chapsre 4, 5 and Tr ar appro stall apply To ols sipping sconinuour ltl freeing ‘enn and 10 SMRE, IMRE, EDP, STMP ant MMW stem clement Slow he bas, which we Feito a he foe reeuing from tral Heads tothe ounlaton 2088.29 Hing Sparat {Allene shal be separa rom adjoining sacs Sepusioe sal allow forth diplcement aye Adjacent Tpnldings on te sabe propty shall be separated by at east Sp where burn ba tnd dun and Ao ae the diplcements of the ace braldings. 208.21) When sree adjoins grape tine no common 2 pute way, suet hl asp be set Bek rom the ropery line by at lest the plement ay of tat caption Smaller separations or progr fine sebaols may Be permed when uted by vail apalses based on imum expected round tons. 8 208.9 Nonbuilding Structures 204.9.4General 2089.1. Scope NNonbulding.siusures inewde all sl spo races oar hn ing that ty ity Toes a fest the eet of cages. Nonbuting structs shal be designe provide be suength rut to esi Ihe dsplaceents ale by the mii tera Tress Sectied in ths secon. Design shall conform 10 the heable provisions of her soto as modi by the ‘vison one in Section 2089. 208942 Crit ‘The mininam design seismic Fores presbed in his Section are ta level hat proces ispaceen in a Fined bose elastic model of esr, comparable those expected of the real scare whe responding the Benign Basis Ground Motion. Reductions in thse Fert using the coven! is permite whee the sign of nonbalding smote proves sue Strength and stig, consent rth tbe povsone peed erin oe buldigs, 10 resi the elec of Sensmie ground tions a rpreseted by thse design fore ‘When applicable, design sengths and ter dete sign crfenn shall be obiied! fom ther seetins or thoi rrenced sandals, "The design of onbutdog acu sll ge fhe lad combinations ater Epecled in Section 2033 a¢ 2034. For nobui dine Mrcures designed eng Secon 20893, 2088.0 or 20495, the Relibiy Redundancy Factor, p, may te fakenas 10 ‘When applicable design strengths and other design Criteria a not contained ih or voeraced by this ode, Sch eerie sll be oisiea fom approved rato anda 2049.3 Weigh ‘The weight fr nonbuing steve hl ince al dead las ae dened fr bung in Section 2084. Foc purposes of eaealaing design seismic foes in onbuldng tacures, W sal lo cade all normal Cpeatig content for Kes sich a tanks, esos, bis sha ppine 2049.14 Period ‘The fondsmental period of the src. shal_ be Alsen by ral meds sich Sy sing Maho Bin Secon 208522, 2049.15 dete The dit initatons of Section 208510 oe nt apy 0 ronbuiliagsnvtores, Dat initatons ele ‘bled for seta oe marsuctural eres se fae would cause Me hazards. effets! Ye ensidred for scutes whose calcd dais eed Te values in Seetion 208 5.13. Asati of Skuta gineor ote Pippin1.6 teraction Efe Seine, Zone 4, sirwtres that support exible Mmuctrleleents whose combined weigh exceeds Serna of th weight of th mca sal be designed onering iteration elects bwern te srt ad Be spoced dencats 3189.2 Lateral Force rab foc poceres for nonhulingsacies with ral symone smisr to buildings (hose. wid ral syste ich ae ited in Tole 20611) shal eleced in aconance with he provisions of Sein Bscpton ‘mermedite moment-reiting fames (IMRE) may be tel in Seon Zone 4 for on building sracures ‘enpaney Categories th and 1 i) the ssc Tey than 13 m te height and (3) the atte Raed in auc caludated member force and moments doesnot Geet 28 218.0 Rigid Structures Rigid succes lose with prod T fess shan 0.6 {econd) ant thlr anchorages tl be deignd forthe Ina fre bind fm Equtcn (208-22), v=arclw 208-22) Tie force ¥ shall be distributed according 10. the Attn of sas at sal Be assumed fo 3c ay vical drcton i anparte Brom {Fa bun nt or ter aks vith pred tan fn ato sow graf, sf eine es he fo ousted the ‘Sect ‘Sime cele eng he poco a Scion | Sotvtorip cases cntctny Be ene wag of | Betis cones Alera, sh ak my Oe ‘lee tnt ho peo te LA. response spectrum amis hat ines snsceration ofthe seul gre mation anit the sea the ines eTets of the contained ‘ 2A design basis peserbed fo the particular ype of ‘ak by apgoved atonal standard, proved at the wee ree ant accapancyeaepoics sal Be ‘i confoonance with the, powsions of Sctons DUN tad 208.42. resect etna Sct Code of he Pps CHAPTER 2- MiimursOesigntonds 2101 2089.5 ther Nonbuiaing Structares ‘onbufng sutee ta are not covereé by Sections 20895 and 3089.4 shall be dosed to rss design Seismic forces not less thin those etemined i Scconance with the provision Seton 2088 wih he Fotewingaons an exception: 1. The tors and Q, sal be ae set eth in Table 208-3. The Toa design base shear determined tecordance with Seton 2085.2 shall not be os thane flowing vs0sc sw e023) ‘Aaionly, for Seismic Zone 4 the tol hase shear halls ote esha he allowing: Leal em20) 2. The vera debut of he design scsmieFroes in erytres covered by 8. Seton may detrmined by wing. he provisions of Seton ‘an4'5 orb ing the procedures of Seton 2086 ception: For treguar sbuctres assigned 19 Ocspancy Categories ei IT tat rot be modeled as snl mat, the procedures of Secon 208.5 chal be used 3a an approved ational andr provides basis forthe canainkevesntoo design of 1 pricular ‘pe of monling sacs coveted byt etn, Sich a slapd nay be Used, subject 10 te The seismic zanes and occupancy categorie stall be in fanouaace with the powsans of Sections 2084.4 and 2h 2 respectively The values for taal Ine! free and cot base vermin oot odin desig shal ne be les han 0 percent ofthe valves that would be obtained sing here provisions 208.101 Scope This section describes te ocr for determining Soa atl Type, dro Ss defined n Table 208-2.2.102 CHAPTER 2- Min Design Loads ‘Table 208-13, Rand 6, Factors fe Nonbuling ‘Seccare STRUCTURE TYRE [a Tes aig memurscsapbocs eater | 22 | 20 coal 2 Cann i ea Stimehangsolieatinoas | 36 | 20 2. Disb as ae Sega Snare 39 | 20 4 Ted tomes esto Cea int 2 | 20 ole 36 | 20 " aecmeionte |35 | a0 © Sons se | 20 — xe | 20 18 msn snes aaa ic Haagen], | aa 3. (> 3. of peat anor igh Where = hckness of 0), 4. Very high plasty lays 5. 4 2Smuith PI>79), 6. Vary thick sofvmeium sie 1 >36 mh Bicep 4 Whe so ii init no si ies ey whirl trie a Beh ete ae Soc ecacahi | “The erie set rt inthe dinion for Sa se Type ‘Sprequing site-specific evakintion shoe oaideed Te The se camespnds t0 these ester she site sal be clssied as Soi! Profile Type Sp an « stespcii ‘vation sal Be ede 205,10.21 y, Average Shear Wave Velicity shal be determing ia accordance wih the fli cation (20825 206.102 Deiations Sol profile ypes ae define sftlows: ‘Sy Haid iock wid ease shear wave woe, > SAD ms Se Rock with 60 mis, < 1500 m5 Se Very dense sei and sf rook with S60 ms <5 6 with citar > 50 or 2100 KPa Sp Silent with 180m 360 oF wit 1524 50 oF 50 KPa, 5 10040 Se Astro wih 180 so {hy pole wih or than 3m of so cay dein Seva PL 20, 240 percent as iee25kPa 55 Soi sing site-specific vation 1 Soils alorble potenti ar reaps tide seis aang sucha utes ‘ick an! bighlysensve lays callie sak eomantodsoi. 2. Pens ansior highly onpni lays hikes of Layer im hae wave eri in Layer sin ws 208.10.22 N, Average Feld Standard Penetration Uesitance and Ny Average Standard Pentrath Resistance for Cohesinles Soil Layess 2 and Mey sill be deemined ia secorance wih he fallowingeqeation ba, e025 ear? ai 1» hckness of Layer inom Assornen of Sit Enpheers oe Papinshe fo hehe oF eens sl aye in the top 30m 1, = th stand peneeation restos of sil yen scl wi pore nal ecg 2081023 5, Average Undesina Shear Strength ‘shall be detemined in accordinee wih he flowing ‘ation 20825) 4, = te lal hichness (100) of ebesve sail layers Inthetop 30m ppved nationally fecgsial sandr, not 0 29.10.24 Soft Cay Poi, Se ‘The existence of oa hicks sf ay geste han 3m shal be investigated here'a sft tay layer Stina by < 24 KPa rc 40 pce ond PY >20. thee erterin are me heat able eased Sl Prale Type 208.1025 Soi Profiles So Sp and Se Sits with Soil Profile Types Sp and Se shall be lasiied by using one of the fellowng ts methods vith td computed nal ses as peti a Seton Sue 102, 1. fortherop 30 meters (meth, 2. fortherep mer: Wma) 3. Ny For eaesinlss si ayes (71 < 20 she ton 30 m and averages, for eakesve si tyes (°1 > 20) inthe wp 3071s, mated), 2.10.26 Rack Profles, Sand, ‘The shear save veloiy for rock, Sol Profle Type Sn shall by chee measuted on sto or exited by Brtechnical "eager, eagnering geologist Seioloist for compton Fock wih madera staring nd weathering. Sali and ore highly feted nd wath rock sll ether be messed gm te for sen wave elcity or listed Soi le Type Se Te hand ook, Soil Profile Type Se, saegoy sll be upprit by sear wave velocy resumen ier on Sik or an pales ofthe same eck ype the sine Foxmadon wih cual ox preter dere of webring CHAPTER 2-Atexmu design Londs 2-108 and factoring Where hardrock coniton re known e {Ge comiauous tea depth of 30m, src ser wave velocity messuements may be extapolitd 10 ae ‘The rock eagores, Sol Profile Types 8, a Sy sl ot be used ref mare than 3 mses of ao west The rock sc un the boo ofthe spend ting ot Foon. “Te dein preset herein shall apply the wp SD meters ofthe st profile Profiles coaiingdstinty erent so ayers hal be subdivided ino dose les Assigns by a number fom Ita # a the boon, where here meatal efn distinct eet in he per 30 mee ‘The symbol thn fet any oe ofthe ners between | and 218.11 Atereative Earthquake Lond Procedure ‘The eathoake lad procedur of ASCEISE 7.05 maybe sed in deeming the ethguake leads san alematve Procedure sujet fo reaberesech wor commisioned Sythe owner or the enginesron record provide fr ll hea tequted the tothe nowavabiiy of Place led spect secleraion mapa far all eis fn te Philipines. “The engines-onsecord stall be sponsible for he fpeevalacelrton and ott relat Sana ed by voles ase in the dtermiion othe eatgaake loa. This alemativecathguake lo proeiae shal be Subject to Pear Review and appeal of the Bulg Orrin,2.408 CHAPTER 2-Mninam Design Lae Associa of Stacra Egos oho PntppnesCHAPTER 2 -Mininum Dsslan Loss 2.405, Active Faults in Noftherit | Philippinesad = es = he Y Retive Fai itijn East Central Philippin.c& ese eActive Fault i Central PhilippiActive Faults in Southern Philippines sue oo 6Period (773) 3 CHAPTER 2 Minimum Oolgn Loads 2.108 Figure 208-3 - Design Response Spectra “able 20-1 Sol Later Load ‘sign Lateral Sol Lond™ Unite Sit ‘a per m with Description OF Hack Materia" Cassication Aaiveprasute | Ate pessue Wall iad, mn gravel paveneand a ow 5 10 Poorly pode clean gravels, grve and meh oP 5 10, Silty gravel, poorly graded gravels mites GM, s 10. Chey gravel poorly graded paveLandony ines sc = 10, Well raed, cea sands gravelly sad mies sa 5 0. early praded len sand: sandravel mies | __ SP 5 i) Sly sands, poly graded sand mie SM z 10, Soni ely wh platens ase 7 16 Clay sn, poorly graded orca mines Sc 10: 1 orgie lt nd cay ils - ML 7 | Mire of norgame sl nde wee 10 16. Tnorgaic clays of ow Yo medium pase « 10: 16 “Organi i ard st clays, low 3s OL Tied Ne Tnorganis lye sil, elastic ls Mi Nate Nove Tnoryani lys of igh lst cH Nate Neb [Oeginic says and sy lye ‘tr Nate ‘Ne oi al yl Fo he ail wf pe die al cn Ha “tcp hon a ena tonal Shad Cote of Phipps Eon Yume 1