PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
ASSIGNMENT
Lab Work
Assignment submitted by:
Bilal Khan roll no 22 semester 6th

Assignment submitted to:

Waqar Ahmed
Session:2013-2017
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Department of Geology, UOM

THE ROTARY RIG DIAGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF
GEOLOGY
THE ROTARY RIG AND ITS COMPONENTS
UNIVERSITY OF
1) Power System
2) Hoisting System / Pipe Handling System
3) Rotation System
4) Circulating System

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5) Well Control system

The working platform for drilling work is called drilling rig. It holds the most
components required for the drilling work. Main components comprise the
drilling rig are:

1) Power System
For the power system (picture below), it basically provides all the
necessary power to carry out the drilling work. Normally this power is
generated from local combustion generators. A common drilling rig
requires approximately 1000-3000 horse power to maintain the
operation. However, the power efficiency can be varied from place to
place. Generally, the mechanical efficiency of the generator is
favorable to work in low altitude and medium temperature
environment.

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2) Hoisting System / Pipe Handling System

Hoisting system (picture below) is one of the main parts to actually
doing the drilling job. Either drill pipe or casing will be lifted and
lowered to drill and complete the well. It mainly composes of the
derrick, tackle &block system and dead line anchor system. Tackles
and block do the vertical movement to the pipe. People working on the
derrick can help to safely place these pipes to the right position. The
dead line anchor mainly helps the replacement of the drilling line when
it was subjected to wearings.

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3) Rotation System
Wells are drilled by the pipe &bit rotation, therefore it is very important
to have an efficient rotation system (picture below). This system
mainly includes swivel, Kelly, rotary drive and rotary table. The working
principle of rotation system is the Kelly, which is connected to the drill
pipe drove by the rotary table and then the whole drilling string can be
rotated for drilling.

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4) Circulating System

In order to keep the drilling operation without big troubles, proper

circulation system (picture below) should be built to fulfill the
requirement. Working scenario of circulating system is the drilling mud
will be pumped into the drill pipe from the mud reservoir, we called it
mud pit. After mud reached the bottom the well, it brings rock cuttings
to the surface through the annulus between drill pipe and well wall.

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The mud with rock cuttings will be separated through surface solid
control system, such as screens, desanders or centrifuges. After these,
clean drilling mud will be retreated with certain chemicals and again
pumped into the wellbore.

5) Well Control system

Drill a well is very dangerous, because the pressure in the reservoir
could be significant high, which normally about couple thousands psi.
Therefore, in order to guarantee the drilling operation safe and
prevent undesirable accident, well control system must be installed.
The main part of this system is the blowout preventer (BOP, see
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picture left). This equipment is set on the top of the well bore. If there
is a sudden pressure change in the well which push the formation fluid
up to the surface, BOP will be closed the seal the well from blowout.

WELL LOGGING INTERPRITATION

Mechanical tools Caliper log

Lithology tools Spontaneous potential log Gamma Ray log
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Resistivity tools MSFL LLS LLD

Porosity tools Density log & LDT Neutron log & APS Neutron- Density
Combination Sonic log

Caliper log
A caliper log is a well logging tool that measurement of the size and shape
of a borehole along its depth
The measurements can be an important indicator of cave or shale swelling
in the borehole.

Uses of the caliper log are :Indicator of good permeability and porosity zones (reservoir
rock) due to development of mudcake in association with gamma
ray log.

Calculation of mudcake thickness:

hmc = (dbit dh)/2, where h stands for the hole, in inches.

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Gamma ray Log

Generally, a gamma ray log indicates the amount of shale
present
Measure Natural Radioactivity emissions from subsurface
formations.
Potassium
Uranium
Thorium
Gamma ray logs can be run in both open hole and cased-hole
environments.
Cased-hole gamma ray can be used to correlate with the open
hole gamma ray.
Low Natural Radioactivity Sandstone Limestone
Dolomites
High Natural Radioactivity Shale Organic rich rock
(source rock)

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20

40

60

80

100 120

GR

Gamma ray logs are used for main purposes:

Correlation between wells.
Determination of bed boundaries (Top and Bottom).
Evaluation of shale content within a formation
Mineral analysis.

Sp Log
Measure the electrical potential in the formation caused by
salinity difference between the drilling mud and the formation
water.

Sp logs are used for main purposes:

SP is generally and indicator of permeability.
SP log is used to identify impermeable zones such as shale, and
permeable zones such as sand, as well as several other uses.
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Determining formation water resistivity.

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