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Summary of momentum relationships

Variable

y
2
y1

General

Ahc

Rectangular

Q2
gA

By 2 Q 2

2
gBy

No direct solution.
Solve M1 = M2

1
1 1 8Fr21
2

* see Table 3.1. for common shapes

EL
E1

No direct solution.
Solve the energy equation.

EL

No direct solution.
Solve the energy equation.

Fp

hc A

Fr21
22
1
F2
1 r1
2

y 2 y1 3
4 y1 y 2

By 2

y = flow depth

M = momentum function

B = width of rectangular section

= sequent depth ratio

A = flow area of section

EL = energy (head) loss

Q = discharge

Fp = hydrostatic pressure force

g = acceleration due to gravity

hc = vertical distance from free surface to centroid

CE 451/551

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