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    Juan Pablo Cantillana
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    CH1-introduction

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    modelling transport

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    CH1-introduction

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views27 pages

    Modelling Transport

    Uploaded by

    Juan Pablo Cantillana
    CH1-introduction

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 27
    1 Introduction 1.1 Transport Planning and Modelling 141.1 Background The worl, including transports changing fas, We sll encounter many ofthe same raspor problems ofthe past: congestion, polltion, accidents, nancial deficits and packets of poor access. We are casreasngly becoming money rch and time poor. However, we have lara a good deal from long ertods of wetk transport planning, limited investment, emphasis on the short tem and mistrust in “rategc anspor modelling and decision making, We hive lear, for example, that old problems do 0 fade vay under the pressure of attempts to reduce them through beter trafic management od roblems reappear in new guises with een greater vigour, pervading wider areas, and in thir new forms they seem more complex and difficult to handle ‘We now have greater confidence in technical solutions than inthe previous century. This isnot the alee confidence in technology 4s the magie solution to economic and socal problems; We have also isin that this is mirage. However, Information Technology has advanced enough to make possible ew conceptions of anspor infrastructure (¢. road transport informatics), movement systems (© ‘utomated driverlss tains) and electronic payment (eg. smarcants ideo tolling). Mobile phones und GPS services are changing the way to dliver useful traveler information, Facilitating payment snd sargng forthe use of transport facies. OF particular interest othe subject ofthis book is Ube advent ‘low-cost and high-speed computing this as practically eliminated computing power as a botleneck tn transport modelling. The main limitations are now human and technical: contemporary tansport Fanning requires skilled and experienced professionals plus, as ve wil argue below, theoretically sound ‘modelling techniques with competent implementations in software Emerging counties are becoming more significant in the word stage but they suffer serious transport problems as well. These ae no longer just he lack of road to connect distant rural acas with muskets Indeed, the new transport problems bear some similarities with those prevalent in the post industri orld: congestion, pollution, and so on. However, they have a number of very distinctive features deserving a specific treatment: relatively low incomes, fast urbanisation and change, high demand for public transpor, scarcity of resources including capital, sound data and skilled personne “The bin ofthe twenty-first century was dominated by two powerful ends affecting most aspects of lfe and economic progres. The stronger tend is globalisation, supported and encouraged by the other trend, cheap and high-capacity teleconmunicatons. The combination ofthe two is changing the say we perceive and tackle many moder issues; their influence in anspor planing is starting tobe 1 Joa Wiley & Son, Li, Pals 2011 by Joh Wiley & Sons, Le Moding Transport fet. Some of these infuences are the roe of good transport inftastactre in enhancing the economic SUmpeiivenes of modem economies a wider acceptance of the advantages ofimalvng tne pave sector more closely in wansport supply and operations; the posible role of telecommute ns reducing the need to travel Amportanttechical developments in transport modelling have taken place since the mid-19705, in Barticular a major research centres these developments have been improved and implemented bra acd ‘ou of resourceful sonutans, However. many ofthese innovations and application: fave acne {mited tention ouside the more academic jouals, Mier these years ofexperinentaion here £Daerreopniton ofthe ole of modeling in supporting transport planning. Thi book reps review ofthe best of eutent practice in transpon modeling: in most areas itcover: the “ane oe ae Toe ma ve selete those aspects which have aleady ben implemented secretly wr pation ‘Rook doesnot represent the lading edge of research ito modeling. It ties, rahe, fooek erase tats fr thos terested in improving wanspor modeling and planing, «Kindo dg os ‘ny-point 0th more theoretical papers that wll form the basis of anspor madeline ete toe spatsbor modelling isnot transport planning: it can only suppor planing, and i «few ces it sm have the most impestant role in the process, We have known many good professionals ws hare sfttloved sophisticated transport models bt ar ustated because thee wok has sppeces tone ‘erred in many key planing decisions. nth, paning andimplementaton have he powers chncy ewes and anspor modeling can only asst thisf adopted as an effective aidtodccnionacry This requires wise planers and, above al, beter madeline 1.1.2 Models an ‘A modetis a simplified representation ofa part othe real w

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