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Basic of Parallel Processing
Basic of Parallel Processing
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Pengolahan Paralel
Terminologi
Pemrosesan Serial vs Paralel
Kebutuhan Komputasi
Benefit Pengolahan Paralel
Taksonomi Flynn
Arsitektur Memori Paralel
Dody Ichwana Putra, M.T. - Pemrosesan Paralel
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Program
From the programmers perspective a program is an ordered set of instructions.
Point of view of an operating system, program is an executable file stored in thesecondary
(auxiliary) memory, typically on a disk.
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Pengolahan Paralel
Terminologi
Pemrosesan Serial vs Paralel
Kebutuhan Komputasi
Benefit Pengolahan Paralel
Taksonomi Flynn
Arsitektur Memori Paralel
Dody Ichwana Putra, M.T. - Pemrosesan Paralel
8/24/2016
8/24/2016
Pemrosesan Paralel
Dijalankan menggunakan banyak CPU
Problem dipecah menjadi bagian yang dapat dikerjakan secara bersamaan
Tiap bagian dipecah menjadi instruksi terurus
Instruksi tiap bagian dieksekusi secara simultan di CPU berbeda
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Pengolahan Paralel
Terminologi
Pemrosesan Serial vs Paralel
Kebutuhan Komputasi
Benefit Pengolahan Paralel
Taksonomi Flynn
Arsitektur Memori Paralel
Dody Ichwana Putra, M.T. - Pemrosesan Paralel
8/24/2016
11
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Technology Trends:
Number of transistors on chip growing rapidly. Clock rates expected to continue to go up but only slowly. Actual performance
Architecture Trends:
Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is valuable (superscalar, VLIW) but limited.
Increased clock rates require deeper pipelines with longer latencies and higher CPIs.
Coarser-level parallelism (at the task or thread level, TLP), utilized in multiprocessor systems is the most viable approach to further
improve performance.
Main motivation for development of chip-multiprocessors (CMPs)
Economics:
The increased utilization of commodity of-the-shelf (COTS) components in high performance parallel computing systems instead of
costly custom components used in traditional supercomputers leading to much lower parallel system cost.
Todays microprocessors offer high-performance and have multiprocessor support eliminating the need for designing expensive
custom Pes.
Commercial System Area Networks (SANs) offer an alternative to custom more costly networks
Dody Ichwana Putra, M.T. - Pemrosesan Paralel
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Faktor Perubahan
Terus meningkatnya daya komputasi secara eksponensial ->
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Kelemahan
Paradigma komputasi:
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Data Intensive
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Pengolahan Paralel
Terminologi
Pemrosesan Serial vs Paralel
Kebutuhan Komputasi
Benefit Pengolahan Paralel
Taksonomi Flynn
Arsitektur Memori Paralel
Dody Ichwana Putra, M.T. - Pemrosesan Paralel
8/24/2016
19
Menyediakan concurrency
Sumber daya pararel dapat melakukan banyak hal secara simultan. Contoh:
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Pengolahan Paralel
Terminologi
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Computing (BOINC)
computers
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Folding@Home
Menganalisa data dari protein
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SETI@Home
radion
730 TFlops
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Distributed Computing
Cluster computer: Beowulf
Openstack
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Pengolahan Paralel
Terminologi
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data
Instruksi: data terkode yang
memberitahu komputer apa yang harus
dikerjakan
data: informasi yang digunakan oleh
program
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Taksonomi Flynn
Klasifikasi arsitektur komputer (1966)
Membedakan arsitektur komputer
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(non-paralel)
CU = Control Unit
PE = Processing Element
M = Memory
Uniprocessor
Eksekusi deterministic
Contoh: PC single-core,
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CU = Control Unit
PE = Processing Element
M = Memory
Shown here:
array of synchronized
processing elements
pemrosesan grafik
deterministic
pipeline
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CU = Control Unit
PE = Processing Element
M = Memory
beberapa PE
secara independen
Beberapa penggunaan:
Operasi pemfilteran frekuensi
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CU = Control Unit
PE = Processing Element
M = Memory
Parallel computers
or multiprocessor systems
instruksi yangberbeda
yang berbeda
grid computer
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Network
Interconnects
1 Processing (compute)
nodes
Communication
assist (CA)
Mem
Operating System
Parallel Programming
Environments
$
P
Processing Nodes:
Processing Nodes
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cooperation:
Defines:
Critical abstractions, boundaries, and primitives (interfaces).
Organizational structures that implement interfaces (hardware or software)
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