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TNG QUAN V NG DNG

PHNG PHP PHN TCH TH BC
TRONG QUN L CHUI CUNG NG
Trn Th M Dung1

ABSTRACT
This study reviews the literature of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) applications in
supply chain management. A total of 70 papers published in high quality management
journals from 1999 to 2009 are compiled and categorized by each element of supply
chain; namely, supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer. The content of these
papers are analyzed to solve the research objectives: (i) The application of AHP in supply
chain management; (ii) Success factors of AHP implementation and (iii) The
opportunities for future research. This review will help researchers and practitioners
have a broader understanding regarding application of AHP in supply chain
management.
Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process; Supply Chain Management; Literature Review
Title: A literature review of analytic hierarchy process applications in supply chain
management

TM TT
Bi bo co gii thiu tng quan v vic ng dng phng php phn tch th bc
(Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP) trong qun l chui cung ng. Tt c 70 bi bo
ng trn cc tp ch uy tn trong lnh vc qun l iu hnh t nm 1999 n nm 2009
c thu thp v phn nhm theo mi thnh phn trong chui cung ng bao gm nh
cung cp, nh sn xut, nh phn phi v khch hng. Ni dung ca cc bi bo c
phn tch nhm hng n gii quyt cc mc tiu: (i) Tm hiu v ng dng ca AHP
trong qun l chui cung ng (ii) Yu t gip cho vic p dng AHP thnh cng v (iii)
nh hng nghin cu trong tng lai. Nghin cu ny s gip cho cc nh nghin cu
v ng dng c mt ci nhn su rng hn v p dng phng php phn tch th bc
trong qun l chui cung ng.
T kha: phng php phn tch th bc, qun l chui cung ng, tng quan

1 GII THIU
Cc m hnh ra quyt nh a mc tiu ngy cng c ng dng rng ri trong
nhng nm gn y. Tht vy, vic ra quyt nh ch da vo chi ph thp nht hay
li nhun cao nht s thiu thit thc v cha quan tm n cc nhn t nh tnh.
Cc quyt nh trong qun l chui cung ng cn phi xem xt trn nhiu tiu ch
nhm nng cao nng lc cnh tranh v gip cho doanh nghip pht trin bn vng.
Mc ch ca nghin cu ny l cung cp ci nhn tng qut v ng dng ca
phng php phn tch th bc gii quyt nhiu vn quan trng khc nhau
trong lnh vc qun l chui cung ng.
Nghin cu c thc hin nhm hng n gii quyt cc mc tiu sau:
- Tm hiu v ng dng ca AHP trong qun l chui cung ng
1

Khoa Cng ngh, Trng i hc Cn Th

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- Nhng yu t gip cho vic p dng AHP thnh cng

- nh hng nghin cu trong tng lai
2 PHNG TIN V PHNG PHP
2.1 Gii thiu phng php phn tch th bc
AHP l mt phng php ra quyt nh a mc tiu c xut bi Saaty
(1980). Da trn so snh cp, AHP c th c m t vi 3 nguyn tc chnh: phn
tch, nh gi v tng hp. Trc tin, AHP phn tch mt vn phc tp, a tiu
ch theo cu trc th bc nh trong hnh 1.

Hnh 1: S cu trc th bc (Saaty, T.L., 1980)

S cu trc th bc bt u vi mc tiu, c phn tch qua cc tiu ch ln v

cc tiu ch thnh phn, cp bc cui cng thng bao gm cc phng n c th
la chn. Qu trnh nh gi s dng ma trn so sch cp vi thang im 9, xc
nh trng s da trn vector ring ng vi gi tr ring ln nht, sau kim tra
h s nht qun. Cui cng, tt c cc trng s c tng hp li a ra quyt
nh tt nht. Qu trnh phn tch, xc nh cc trng s theo AHP c m t chi
tit trong cc ti liu tham kho (Saaty, 1980; 1994; 1995; Saaty v Vargas, 1994).
c vi quyn sch gii thiu ng dng ca AHP. Saaty v Vargas (1994) gii
thiu ng dng ca AHP gii quyt cc vn kinh t, chnh tr, x hi v thit
k k thut. Trong , tc gi cp n ng dng AHP trong la chn mu kin
trc, chin lc gi, chin lc marketing, la chn cng ngh, Thm vo ,
Saaty (1995) tho lun ng dng AHP cho vic lp k hoch, gii quyt xung t,
phn tch li ch / chi ph v phn b ngun lc.
Liberatore v Nydick (2008) tin hnh nghin cu tng quan v ng dng ca
AHP trong 50 bi bo nhm gii quyt cc vn quan trng trong y t v chm
sc sc khe. Hn na, Vaidya v Kumar (2006) gii thiu 150 bi bo ng dng
ca AHP trong cc lnh vc khc nhau nh k thut, sn xut, cng nghip, gio
dc, ngn hng, x hi, chnh tr, .Bn cnh , Ho (2008) trnh by mt ti
liu nghin cu v cc ng dng ca AHP kt hp vi cc phng php khc thay
v s dng AHP ring l. Cc cng c kt hp vi AHP bao gm cc m hnh ton
hc, QFD, meta-heuristics, phn tch SWOT, v DEA.
Khc vi cc nghin cu trc, tc gi mong mun gii thiu chi tit hn v ng
dng AHP trong qun l chui cung ng v xut nh hng nghin cu trong
mi giai on ca chui cung ng.
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2.2 Phng php thu thp d liu

Nghin cu tp trung vo tm hiu tng quan v cc ng dng phng php phn
tch th bc trong qun l chui cung ng ng trn cc tp ch khoa hc quc
t trong khong thi gian t 1999 n 2009. Cc bi bo c tm thy thng qua
hai c s d liu ProQuest v ISI Web of Knowledge. Qu trnh tm kim s dng
cm t Analytic Hierarchy Process kt hp vi cc t kha lin quan n lnh
vc qun l chui cung ng nh: supplier, vendor, manufacturing,
distribution, warehouse,ng thi c nh danh sch cc tp ch c uy tn
trong lnh vc qun l iu hnh. Cc bi bo c chn thng qua vic kim tra
(1) bi bo c s dng phng php AHP v (2) ng dng trong lnh vc qun l
chui cung ng. Tng cng 70 bi bo c chn trn cc tp ch tng ng
th hin trong bng sau:
Bng 1: Danh mc tp ch v s bi bo c chn

Tn tp ch
International Journal of Production Economics
International Journal of Production Research
Omega
Supply Chain Management
International Journal of Operations & Production Management
European Journal of Operational Research
IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management
IEE Transactions
Tng

S bi bo
25
18
7
6
5
4
4
1
70

3 KT QU V THO LUN
3.1 ng dng AHP trong la chn nh cung ng
AHP c ng dng rng ri trong quyt nh la chn nh cung ng. 24 bi bo
lin quan n lnh vc ny chia lm 4 nhm c lit k trong bng 2. Nhm xc
nh tiu ch la chn nh cung ng tp trung vo phn tch cc tiu chun chn
ra nh cung ng tt nht. Ngoi cc ch tiu thng dng nh gi, cht lng, thi
gian giao hng, linh hot, cc bi bo cn phn tch cc yu t chn nh
cung ng xem xt cc yu t mi trng, ri ro khi chn nh cung ng quc t hay
cc yu t cn xem xt khi la chn ngi cung cp dch v logistics. Nhm pht
trin m hnh nh gi nh cung ng nghin cu vic kt hp AHP vi cc phng
php khc nh thng k, DEA, phn tch chi ph (TCO). Nhm phn b n t
hng kt hp AHP vi cc m hnh tuyn tnh nh quy hoch mc tiu (GP), quy
hoch tuyn tnh nguyn (IP), quy hoch tuyn tnh a mc tiu (MOIP, MOLP)
gii quyt hai vn chnh l xc nh nh cung ng v ti u ha vic phn b
n t hng. Bn cnh , vic qun l nh cung ng cng c quan tm.

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Bng 2: ng dng AHP trong la chn nh cung ng

Vn

Vn c th

Tc gi

Xc inh tiu ch la chn

Masella v Rangone (2000); Chan

nh cung ng

(2003)
Cung cp dch v vin Tam v Tummala (2001)
thng
Cung cp thc phm

Kahraman et al. (2004)

Nh cung ng xanh

Handfield et al. (2002); Lu et al.

(2007)

Nh cung ng nc Chan v Kumar (2007); Chan et

ngoi
Cung

al. (2008); Levary (2007)

cp

dch

v Gol v Catay (2007); Buyukozkan

logistics

et al. ( 2008)

Pht trin m hnh nh gi

Muralidharan et al.(2001); Liu v

nh cung ng

Hai (2005); Bhutta v Huq (2002);

Ramanathan (2007); Sevkli et al.
(2007); Wang et al. (2009)

Phn b n t hng ti u

Wang et al.

(2004); Chen v

Huang (2007); Xia v Wu (2007);

Ting v Cho (2008); Kull v
Talluri (2008);
Qun l nh cung ng

Xc nh mi quan h Lee et al. (2001); Lee (2009)

ngi bn ngi mua

3.2 ng dng AHP trong sn xut

Trong chui cung ng, cc p dng AHP cho nh sn xut c quan tm nghin
cu nhiu nht chim 53% tng s bi bo tm thy c phn b qua hu ht cc
lnh vc quan trng lin quan n tt c cc cp qun l. Cc nghin cu ng dng
cho nh sn xut c lit k trong bng 3.

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Bng 3: ng dng AHP cho nh sn xut

Vn

Vn c th

o lng hiu qu hot ng

Tc gi
Suwignjo et al. (2000); Bititci et
al. (2001); Yurdakul v Ic (2004;
2005); Dey et al. (2006); Tseng
et al. (2009)

Ti cu trc quy trnh kinh doanh

Kwak v Lee (2002); Naesens et

al. (2009);

Qun l cht lng

Qun l cht lng tng th Noci v Toletti (2000)

Kim sot cht lng

Huang et al.

(2009), Badri

(2001)
Thu ngoi

Padillo v Diaby (1999); Yang et

al. (2007)

nh gi d n u t

Wang et al. (2005); Dey (2006);

Huang et al. (2008)

Thit k h thng

H thng sn xut linh hot Chan et al. (2000); Rao v

Parnichkun (2009)
Ti cu trc h thng sn

Abdi v Labib (2003; 2004a,

xut

2004b); Abdi (2009)

Thit k h thng sn xut

Gungor v Arikan (2000)

theo t bo
La chn my mc cng c

Bhattacharya et al. (2005); Ayag

(2007)

Thit k mt bng

Yang et al. (2000); Yang v Kuo

(2003)

Bo tr
Thit k, pht trin sn phm

Wang et al. (2007)

Xy dng nhm lin chc

Zakarian v Kusiak (1999); Chen

nng

v Lin (2004)

Thit k theo modul, Thit

Li et al. (2008)

k bo v mi trng
Xc nh nguyn liu

Ozler et al. (2008)

La chn tng

Ayag (2005)

La chn cng ngh

Kengpol v O'Brien (2001); Cho

v Kwon (2004); Partovi (2007)

Xc nh nng lc sn xut

Korpela et al. (2002)

Chnh sch kim sot qu trnh

Chiang et al. (2008)

sn xut
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3.3 ng dng AHP trong phn phi

ng dng AHP trong phn phi c phn thnh 2 nhm chnh: xc nh v tr
mt kho hng v nhiu kho hng. Xc nh v tr mt kho hng lin quan n vic
ti thiu cc khon chi ph bao gm chi ph u t ban u, nguyn vt liu, lao
ng, tn tr trong khi ti a ha cc li ch do v tr mang li. Xc nh v tr
nhiu kho hng quan tm n mng li sn xut phn phi sao cho chi ph vn
chuyn thp nht ng thi p ng c cc yu cu c bit ca khch hng.
Bng 4: ng dng AHP trong phn phi

Vn

Tc gi

Xc nh v tr mt kho hng

Min v Melachrinoudis (1999); Partovi (2006);

Liu et al. (2008)

Xc nh v tr nhiu kho hng

Badri (1999); Korpela et al. (1999; 2001;

2007); Kengpol (2004, 2008)

3.4 Nhn xt chung

Phng php AHP c ng dng rng ri gii quyt cc vn quan trng
trong qun l chui cung ng. C 37 bi bo tm c lin quan n ng dng
AHP trong lnh vc sn xut, cc ng dng cho giai on bn l v chuyn n
khch hng t c quan tm.
C hai hng nghin cu chnh l xc nh cc tiu ch nh gi v pht trin
phng php h tr ra quyt nh. c nhiu tc gi thnh cng vi vic s
dng AHP nh mt phng php ring l tm ra phng n tt nht. Mt vi
tc gi chuyn thang im 9 ca Saaty thnh thang im 5 hay 100. Khi vic s
dng AHP ph bin, nhiu nghin cu kt hp AHP vi cc phng php v
cng c khc nh cc m hnh ton hc, Quality Function Deployment, Metaheuristics, trong vic gii quyt vn . Thm vo , m hnh AHP cng c
m rng bng cch s dng l thuyt m khc phc vic nh gi khng chc
chn, gip cho ngi ngi ra quyt nh t tin hn.
Phng php AHP c nhiu u im so vi cc phng php ra quyt nh a mc
tiu khc.Trc tin, nhiu phng php ra quyt nh a tiu ch gp tr ngi
trong vic xc nh mc quan trng ca tng tiu ch trong khi AHP l mt
phng php ni ting trong vic xc nh cc trng s ny. Chnh v vy, AHP
c th kt hp vi cc phng php khc d dng tn dng c li th ca mi
phng php trong gii quyt vn . Thm vo , AHP c th kim tra tnh nht
qun trong cch nh gi ca ngi ra quyt nh. Hn na, quy trnh phn tch
theo th bc d hiu, xem xt nhiu tiu ch nh v phn tch c yu t nh tnh
ln nh lng. Hin nay, AHP cng c ph bin vi s h tr ca phn mm
chuyn dng Expert Choice.
3.5 Cc yu t p dng AHP thnh cng
Qua phn tch cho thy mt vi yu t gip cho vic p dng AHP thnh cng.
- Ra quyt nh theo nhm khch quan hn nhn nh ca c nhn. Nhiu ngi
vi nhiu quan im v thng tin khc nhau s lm cho vn c phn tch
ton din hn. Tuy nhin, s lng cc thnh vin trong nhm qu ln s lm
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cho qu trnh nh gi v tng hp phc tp hn. Nhiu tnh hung chn s

lng ngi tham gia t 3 n 7.
- Qu trnh phn tch theo AHP c th mt nhiu thi gian v phi tin hnh theo
nguyn tc so snh cp v kim tra h s nht qun. Khi h s nht qun vt
qu gii hn, ngi ra quyt nh cn phi xem xt v iu chnh li bng nh
gi. khc phc vn ny, Chen and Lin (2004) xut cch nh gi theo
chui thay v theo tng cp, cch ny cho php gim s ln iu chnh.
- Tnh phc tp ca qu trnh nh gi s tng khi ta tng s lng cc tiu ch
hay phng n la chn. V vy, cc yu t nn c trnh by trong nhm cc
chuyn gia loi b cc yu t km quan trng trc khi p dng AHP.
3.6 nh hng nghin cu
Qua qu trnh tm hiu, tc gi nhn thy khuynh hng tim nng cho vic p
dng AHP trong chui cung ng rt to ln. Trong la chn nh cung ng, cc
nghin cu xem xt ch tiu mi trng trong nh gi nh cung ng, cng vic
sp ti c th kim tra liu tiu chun ISO 14000 c th s dng nh nhm tiu ch
i din cho nh cung ng xanh hay khng. Bn cnh , vic xem xt yu t
mi trng l cn thit la chn nh cung ng nc ngoi. Hn na, c th xem
xt n chnh sch qun l hng tn kho hay kt hp l thuyt m trong xc nh
khi lng n hng ti u. Phng php phn tch mng (Analytic Network
Process ANP) c th s dng trong o lng hiu qu hot ng hoc nh gi
d n u t khi ta cn xem xt tc ng qua li gia cc tiu ch. Mt khc, xc
nh v tr kho hng cn xem xt thm cc yu t ri ro hoc khng chc chn nh
hng di hn n qu trnh kinh doanh. Trong chui cung ng, cc ng dng ca
AHP i vi giai on bn l v khch hng cn hn ch.
4 KT LUN V NGH
Bi bo gii thiu khi qut v ng dng ca AHP trong qun l chui cung
ng trong giai on 1999-2009. AHP c p dng trong cc lnh vc quan trng
bng cch xem xt c cc yu t nh tnh ln nh lng. Cc ng dng tm thy
tp trung nhiu trong lnh vc la chn nh cung ng, sn xut v phn phi. Bi
vit xut c nh hng nghin cu trong tng lai v ch ra cc yu t
p dng AHP thnh cng.
Tuy nhin, bi vit tp trung nhiu vo tm hiu cc ng dng ca AHP m
cha quan tm n vic ci tin m hnh AHP. Hn na, bi vit cng cha tm
hiu vic ng dng phng php phn tch mng (ANP) so snh phng php
no ng dng rng ri hn.
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