2. sad corrying Hechendéa’ $4, Tobu Serengel of Joints jn Steel Tubular. juctures Le 23 ty lteoged Antyona iy oy peng f— Department of Architecture a em Foley of Entering Fell EAhiogss teivedity otoge Gee st pag 1G} Ay, Seope of the Report _ "the tubular cection Ls often preferred to other sections becouse of t's nigh torsional rigidicy, aynnetry of sectional properties, simplicity of the appearance and 50 on. Hovever, sone difficulties in Joints restrict universal vse of at Jn tube-to-tube connections, menbrane’ stresses in the chord member acts at bearficisl vesictance. Rev"sely, stress concentration due te local bending Heifectbecones considerably righ: Therefore not only static strength But 0 Fotigur strength must be taken inte. account. Up to ney such ssfore has heen devoted to clarify che strength af tuts vervubé connec fons, but the krovledge sbout ic is still dnsuffielent tc cory core general cance encountered tn design practice. These situations neceasiiiee furcher systenssi: collection of experiasntal. svisences on the subjects Recently, a series of strenuous exparinentel vork completed, which was. carted uc os one of sctivieies of Society of Steel Constructfen of Japanc(i) Tils plojeet alsing at obtaining experizentally the stréngth ef Joints in general tubular etsuctures initiated in 1871, More thas Two hundreds of specimens sere vsed Neo obtain not only cha strength under manotonse loading but also the strength [fer low cyele fatigue Based mabuly on the test results of the project, che report surertzes geners} Kongers 9 the problen and adds sone coments tv the nonner of scinforceseh: required tor tubule jetnts. be of fubular chord dn the Jolnt {= argved and Be attention {7 yard’ te, other elements such ax the strength of \.id s0 uy ond Preparation sf diagonal menvers, ané the stron ,.h of gusat’plates Seher tues Hug Sti ffeners, stots, THp-1 shows ‘commen fenuaien St ycin.g fi-Gudular stvetures! te plaie ~ 2. tris Gfagonts seabect ure often with dieece)y tovthe cord at stow nig. {a)e The stress eacponest Soran to the usss ofthe chord nant be kre: imltes emIA Eh" Festsconce’ol che ylindricel shell fecned sa the eoord Mor easiness of cid erection, usually the guscet plate ie placid beiveen! the hord'and tie’ dhagonol a5 shows tn fig" (0)-"le thts ease the mosh severe coepacne for the cho:? Js" the herding steess tiusanicted by the gusset plates tives whew tiv central ones cl ile meuloye incersece at ane point forthe Jersey tne wlll ft che cd cutters the bending stress, Posed} Hore" com isestes dlsponttios ef neni ss ar shave da Fig (e) ond 1{8) are env ontercd in cose of space (iusser- Ji) such 7 eae the sttess somponce’ noTeae $0 the clued £5 also of primey dapessuaee In tay assesnacat of tie sescugth of since. . Figs1(e) sid 1(1) show bending stress..s eavsetey the ciglélty of the Joint anv! crane". ree longing on wubersy s Cousequent.y, the Cundanental featur, + the Jud carrying ech Seduced by knowing the beho~sor of ss wadela eva dn fuged sen mie be eoPp ae SA, Psin@ (a) x to. p ett. SSS. canteens (b) Fig.2. Fundamental Looding Cdevicds for feintorcenent of the Joint decone necessary for the vse of cabea with Large diameter, Effeecive relnfurcemente’asy be attained by making adequate stiffeners placed 4a the position vere the normal stress coaponent. act®. Fig.3 shou, fundosencal elements foe reinforcements T 51 (QV aeanevense siudtence™!' (4) geddfeniag ag Fig.d. effective Retnforcenent Emptricsl Formas for Tubular Jointe Fage4 shoct! fypiérl Vehovior of a Joint veer tvo kind of loading. Under Lunsile Leading the fetut can develop larger strergth than dees under compiersive Joading because ot geometry change under Large defernaticn. Ths, the serengeh ebeained under compressive loading gives 4 safe side afsesavent Of the stccreths Due to the presence of high stress concentration, we can not Usuelly find dlstlac! elastic Hit load or toaé-defornation curve, The gtrength described in the Feport neans yield Icad, which corresponds to the load sheie load-deformsticn curve indicates fully development of plaetificathon as shove in Pig.5. Wien the Road-deformtion curve shovs s peak soon after yielding, the peck load is defined ‘ar Sy vio0s load. Wen gradual increase of load is observed after yleldlags ood at vhich sr.ble plastic deformation initiates is defined az the yeeld Jos Tepeohzs with the resilts under wonotonie loading, the serength under repeated loading vas also oxpressed in empiricsl formulae, Applied pusher of cycles in Fepeated loading was selov the ofder of 10", ™ obtain siagie enpitiesl foreula sane four specinens wire tested rider €2fferenc amplitude sf loasing. Vader # coustaut anplicule cf x 57, (Fyestrength under wonotente Losding), 3 jeine as brovshe to collapse stare where the successive loading becaze incapabler AE the collapse stote the initially fine erscke yrev into eleaveges fa the veil Of Cha vioed round the otat. 7 IE pay be noteworthy saat the nunber of cycles required to start the initial ecack te far smaller chan thot required to cause the collapse: lAccording to the clescification of the fundamental pechanisa of the Joint, sxperiinen:o4 results are cunmorized as shova in Table 2. ; re, F tensions lle * , De Bry BE? Eompression . ° ‘Ss o! ————3 0 Fook, Losd-betornstion relatéon Figsb. Definition of Serength a SS a pede gente oeegle‘ae. |e Pye ie | Pe 2 8. atep Gr” 1-083340 ~ Pa ’ se tt 113 -A19logns navel, ere strength |“ B= strength for tow / sargnin foto Oh been | OMe Otis UTeinate collapse Pe he, 2 ‘ sin P ‘ ‘ckerTion: 158 0/7 <100_ ded (53 yierd point of chord. | % v Pn Longitudina? Pre ae ot me conorTio%: 183°0/7 100 fi G.2¢ 4/0 $1.0 4 ~ 4 Pp 53 | Pr 1 = 0334/0) sing 13-019 log ne a [pent OO re eee é ‘dl iene bebw|ine i 7 crupiTiot: 15 «0/7 s100 jocbent | | deaeden.s . Ds M, D. J. 2-1 mr T D’ I" ta coworrioe: 15 £0/1 £00 Be Beeefo oes Mopee SREVEH OF me eT an ae2) ULTIMATE. CAPRATIES Mee ar’ 78 Me. 104-019 log ne M . where” Ngstrength for tow cycle fatigué CONDITION: 15<8/7<100 | 6¢ /0<3, fs =53+223 4 Or sz BA 123-02 a Me conorrion: 5 0/1109 0:36 6/98.2.0 Be we vo . 3 Be 2sind M CONDITION: 15 60/7 100 0.25 28/02 0.8 Poe me 2sing a \ a Sel Tilehr Socks