N____ M______

R______ M______
Further Math 2
22 September 2015
Homework 2

n m

1. Consider the

matrix

A :

A 1,1

A n ,1

A1, m

A n ,m

2.
3.
a. These three vectors can be rewritten as:

as the matrix

0 0 1
1 1 0
0 1 1

( 0,1,0 )T , ( 0,1,1 )T ,(1,0,1)T

. When this matrix is put into reduced row

echelon form (rref), the result is the identity matrix

n n

or

[ ]
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

. An

identity matrix has dimension n, so therefore the original

matrix must also span all three dimensions of

P3 .

b. These four vectors can be rewritten as:

T

( 0,1,0 ) , ( 0,1,1 ) , ( 1,0,1 ) ,(1,0,1)

or as the matrix

0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0
0 1 1 1

When this matrix is put into rref, the result is the matrix

1 0 0 2
0 1 0 2
0 0 1 1

. No row in this matrix has become a row of only zeroes, therefore this
matrix is in 3 dimensions, as is the original matrix constructed by the
given vectors.
c. These three vectors can be rewritten as:

( 1,0,0 )T , ( 1,1,1 )T ,(0,1,1)T .

It is clear that if the third vector is subtracted from the first vector, the
result is the second vector. Therefore, the three vectors are not linearly
independent. If the third vector is removed, then the remaining two are
linearly independent. Therefore, these vectors span a subspace in two
dimensions.

( 0,2,0 )T ,( 0,1,2)T . These two

d. These two vectors can be rewritten as:

vectors are clearly linearly independent, because with only two vectors
linear independence exists if the vectors are not multiples of each
other. Therefore, the two vectors span a subspace in two dimensions.
4. The five vectors

x 1,2,3,4,5 can be rewritten as the matrix

The determinant of a particular

linear independence: if

3 3

matrix

1 2 12 1
2 5 37 1
2 4 24 0

det [ A ] =0, then the vectors are linearly dependent.

x 1,2,4

10+12+810812=0 . The determinant of

0+4+81004 0 . Therefore,
5.
a. The transition matrix from

[ ]

4 0 0
V= 6 1 1
7 1 2
b.

is

x 1 , x 2 , x 5 span 3.
v -basis to

[ ]

1 1 2
U= 1 2 3
1 2 4

. Therefore,

x 1,2,3 is

x 1,2,5 is

20+28+16201628=0 . The determinant of

S=U V . Here,

can be used to determine

If not, then the vectors are linearly independent. The determinant of

u -basis is given by

2
0 1
U = 1 2 1
0 1 1
1

. Then,

1 1 2
S=U V = 1 1
0
1 0
1
1

can be rewritten as the vector

the transition matrix, the result is

. Also,

(2,3,4)T . When multiplied by

[]
7
5
2

6.
a. The basis for the row space can be found by changing the matrix into
rref. The result is the matrix

space are

[ ]
1 0 2
0 1 0
0 0 0

. Thus, the bases for the row

( 1,0,2 ) ,(0,1,0) . The basis for the null space of this matrix

can be found by manipulating the variables of the rref matrix. In terms

of

a , b , c , the equations are

equations is given by

{a+2b=0c=0

. The basis for this system of

a=2 c
b=0 . Thus, the basis for the null space is
c=c

(2,0,1) . The column space can be found by transposing the original

matrix and then finding the row space. Transposed, the matrix is equal
to

[ ]
[ ]
1 2 4
3 1 7
2 4 8

matrix

. When this matrix is put into rref, the result is the

1 0 2
0 1 1
0 0 0

. Thus, the bases for the column space are

( 1,0,2 ) ,(0,1,1) .

b. When this matrix is put into rref, the result is

bases of the row space are

[ ]
10
100 7
0 1 0 2
001 7
0

. Thus, the

(1,0,0, 107 ) ,(0,1,0, 27 ) , ( 0,0,1,0)

. In terms

10
d =0
7
2
b d=0 .
7
c=0

of

a , b , c ,d , the equations to determine null space are

10
d
7
2
b= d . Thus, the
7
c=0
d=d

a=

The basis for this system of equations is given by

basis for the null space is

( 107 , 72 , 0,1)

. The column space can be

found by transposing the original matrix and then finding the row

[ ]
[]
3 1 3
1 2 8
3 1 4
4 2 2

space. Transposed, the matrix is equal to

100
010
001
000

matrix is put into rref, the result is the matrix

this matrix is just the unit vectors

. When this

. The basis for

e1 , e2 , e3 .

[ ]
13
20
100
21
010
20
001
3
4

c. When this matrix is put into rref, the result is

. Thus, the

bases for the row space of this matrix are

21
3
, (0,1,0, ) , (0,0,1, )
(1,0,0, 13
)
20
20
4

a , b , c ,d , the

. In terms of

13
d=0
20
21
b+ d =0 . The basis
20
3
c+ d=0
4

equations used to determine null space are

for this system of equations is given by

13
d
20
21
b=
d . Thus, the basis
20
c=0
d=d
a=

for the null space is

,0,1 )
( 1320 , 21
20

. The column space of the matrix

can be found by transposing the matrix and finding the row space of
the transposed matrix. When the transposed matrix is put into rref, the

result is the matrix

vectors
7.

e1 , e2 , e3 .

[]

100
010 .
The basis for this matrix is just the unit
001
000