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(. 5)

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(20152016)

(2015-2016)

, .

3.1 [ ] , i) ii)
(1) . (
) (2) .
, , (3) , .
, , (4)
, (5) .
(6) , (7).
, (8)
. , , (9).
,
Q = 2 R t (10). , : (11), (12),
(13). (Joule) (14).
3.2 ) .
. (
) () , , .
T, Q = 2 R t.
I = V / R, Q =

2
V

R

Rt =

R2

Rt =

, Q R. , V (.. ), R
, ( ).
) .
, . .
(= ) .
, ,
. , , .
3.3 , , : = V t
(V : , : , t : )
V = / q J ()
1 C ().
A q, : = V q
q : q = t.
, : = V t
H , .
3.4 : = V
(V : , : )
A t, .
t, J () s
() , , J s. .
=

, , =

= V t,
=

V t
t

= V

3.5 ) (J) (kWh) .

H = t,
t .
S.I. (, W). 1 W =

1J
, 1 J = 1 W 1 s
1s

, W s, J.
, , W h, (Wh).
M = t 1 Wh = 1 W 1 h = 1 W 3.600 s = 3.600 W s = 3.600 J
(kWh) ..., .
1 kWh = 1.000 Wh = 1.000 3.600 J = 3.600.000 J
) 100 W, 10 h.
,
= t = 100 W 10 h = 1.000 Wh = 1 kWh


3.6 , .
= 2 V = 12 V.
, , ,
.
) V = 12 V.
E .
) , .
E .
) , .
E .
) 1 s 12 C.
2 , 1 s 2 C.
) 1 C , , 2 J.
12 V, 1 C , , 12 J.
) 1 s 6 J.
1 s = V t = (12 2 1) J = 24 J
) 12 W.
24 J 1 s, 24 W.

3.7 [ 5 .84 ]
, 2 min. H
30 J. ,
, 1 min.
( ), .
, .
Joule: Q = 2 R t
(R : , : , t : )
( = 2 ) ( t = t/2 ),
:

2
Q = 2 R t = 2 R t = 4 2 R t = 2 2 R t = 2 Q

, , , , Q = 60 J.

3.8 [ 10 .84 ]
N .
() () () .
:
( ) = ( ) + ( )

, ,

= +

t :

= +
t
t
t

.
t

. :
t

(, , )

= +
> .
,

( ).

3.9 [ 1 .84 ]
: 12 V, 30 W. N .
12 V, .
12 V , ( ),
12 V. M , .
(12 V), 30 W.
, : = V I
:
30
I= =
= 2,5
12
V

3.10 [ 6 .85 ]

R1 = 20 R2 = 40 , .
, V = 12 V.
)
( "" , , .)

R1

R2

, , ,

V2

V1

, . , , = 1 = 2 .
, ,

R = R1 + R2 = (20 + 40) = 60
, V = 12 V.
12
= V =
= 0,2

Ohm, :

60

( )

) , t = 2 min
, : Q = 2 R t
(R : , : , t : )
1 = 2 = 0,2 , , t = 2 min = 120 s, :
Q1 = 12 R1 t = (0,2 2 20 120) J = (0,04 2.400) J = 96 J

Q2 = 22 R2 t = (0,2 2 40 120) J = (0,04 4.800) J = 192 J

) ,
, , . , ,
t = 120 s, :
= Q1 + Q2 = 96 J + 192 J = 288 J
)
, , , :
Q1
96 J
4J
=
=
= 0,8 J
t
s
120 s
5s

Q2
192 J
=
= 1,6 J
t
s
120 s

)
, ""
:
E
t

= 0,8 J + 1,6 J = 2,4 J

s

3.11 [ 7,, .85 ]

, .
.
.
) .

) = 0,5 ,
, t = 1 min.
V
.
t = 1 min = 60 s, q = t = (0,5 60) C = 30 C
) V = 6 V,
, .
V = 6 V, , q,
= V q
t = 1 min = 60 s, q = 30 C.
, = V q = (6 30) J = 180 J.
H , .
3.12 [ 8 .85 ]
, 12 V, 2 .
O 1.000 J 1 min.
) .
= 2 , V = 12 V.
= V = (12 2) W = 24 W
, s 24 J.
.
, , s 24 J.
, 24 W.
) , 1 min.
s 24 J, 1 min = 60 s, (60 24) J = 1.440 J.
) , .
O , , 1 min 1.440 J 1.000 J.
H (1.440 1.000) J = 440 J .


, , , (440 J)
.
3.13 [ 9 .85 ]
120 V 600 W, .
, 80% . :
) , 10 min.
, = 600 W, , 600 J 1 s.
, t = 10 min = 10 60 s = 600 s E = t = 600 W 600 s = 360.000 J = 360 kJ
) .
, V = 120 V = 600 W.
I = V
=

600

120

=5

) .
80% . () :
= 80% =

80

100

= 0,8 600 W = 480 W

) 10 min .
, = 480 W, 480 J 1 s.
, t = 10 min = 10 60 s = 600 s E = t = (480 600) J = 288.000 J = 288 kJ
) , s.
1 s 600 J 480 J .
(600 480) J = 120 J .
, 120 J 600 J .
E,

120

600

= 0,2 = 20% .

) , 10 min .
10 min 360 J 288 kJ,
(360 288) kJ = 72 kJ.
, , , (72 kJ)
72

. ,
=
= 0,2 = 20%
360
5
.
3.14 [ 10 .86 ]
, 100 , , 4 W.
, .
V : = V
, : V = R
: = ( R ) = 2 R
, : 2 =

, , : =

, , .
, , : , =

4
=
100

1
1
= = 0,2
25
5

3.1 [ ] ,
_________ _________ (1) .
( ) , ,
_________ (2) .
_______ (3) , .
, , _________ (4)
, _________ (5) .

(6) ,
(7).
,
(8)
. , , _________ (9).
_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

, ,
Q = __________________ (10).
, : __________________ __________________ (11), __________________ __________________ (12), __________________ (13).
__________________ (14).
3.2 ) .
) .
3.3 , (), ,
: = V t,
V :
:

t :
3.4 : = V
V :
:

3.5 ) (J) (Wh) .

) 100 W, 10 h.
3.6 , .
= 2 V = 12 V.
, , ,
.
) V = 12 V.
) , .
) , .
) 1 s 12 C.
) 1 C , , 2 J.
) 1 s 6 J.
) 12 W.
3.7 5 .84
3.8 10 .84
3.9 1 .84
3.10 6 .85
3.11 7,, .85
3.12 8 .85
3.13 9 .85
3.14 10 .86