Thermal Injuries

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1.

1st and 2nd degree burns

Affected area is red and covered with pale vascular epidermis

Surrounded skin is red
Singeing of hair
Painful but complete recover without scarring

2.

3rd and 4th degree burns

Whole thickness of the skin is affected

Shriveled
Depressed coagulated tissue side
Necrosed tissue sloughs off in a week -> leaves ulcer, heals with scar, disfigurement. Associated
with pain and shock

3.

5th and 6th degree burns

Affected area completely destroyed and charred

Destruction of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscles and bones. nerve endings also destroyed hence
painless

4.

Causes of death

Neurogenic shock
Secondary shock due to serum exudation
Asphyxia/suffocation
Fat embolism
acute tubular necrosis
inflammation/sepsis

5.

Chemical burns - corrosive

Inflammatory redness
Ulcerative patches
Discoloration an staining of skin

6.

Complications

Duodenal ulcers (Curling ulcers)

Tetanus
Gangrene
Supparative discharge
Amyloidosis

7.

Dry heat

Heat radiated from hot body - whitening of skin

Contact - Blisters
Contact longer than usual - charring and roasting
Singeing
examples: burns produced by flames, burning of hair

8.

Moist heat - scalding

Vestication
no singing or charring of skin

9.

Progression of burns

Immediate - red
Vestication - 2-3 hours
Pus - 2-3 days
Superificial slough - one week
tissue - scar formatiom

10.

Surface area estimation of

burned skin

Head and each side of arm: 9%

Each side of trunk: 18%
Each side of thigh : 9%
Perineum : 1%