Answers to Problems

CHAPTER 2
2.1 (b) Sij Sij 28,

(c) Sji Sji Sij Sij 28, (d) Sjk Skj 23,

(g) Snm am an Smn am an 59.

2.3 (a) b1 2; b2 2; b3 2. (b) s 6.

2.4 (c) Eij Bmi Cmk Fkj .
2.7 i 1 ! a1

@v1
@v1
@v1
@v1
v1
v2
v3
; etc:
@t
@x1
@x2
@x3

2.10 d1 6; d2 3; d3 2.

8
<0
2.12 (2) For i k; LS RS 0
:
1
2
3
0 0 1
2.20 (b) T
4 0 0 1 5.
1 1 0

if j 6 l
if j l i
if j l 6 i

2.21 (c) Ta b 10e1 .

2
3
2 0 1
2.22 T
4 0 1 3 5.
1 3 0
2
3
1=2 0 1=2
2.23 T
4 1=2 0 1=2 5.
0
0 0
2
3
2
3
1 0 0
1 0 0
2.24 (a) T
4 0 1 0 5, (b) T
4 0 1 0 5.
0 0 1
0 0 1
2
3
2
3
cos y 0 sin y
1
0
0
1
0 5.
2.25 (a) R
4 0 cos y sin y 5, (b) R
4 0
sin y 0 cos y
0 sin y cos y
2
3
1 2 2
1
2.26 (b) T
4 2 1 2 5, (c) Ta 3e1 2e2 e3 .
3
2 2 1
2
3
1 2 2
1
2.27 T
4 2 1 2 5.
3
2 2 1

Copyright 2010, Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Answers to Problems
p
2.28 (b) n e1 e2 e3 = 3.
2
3
p
p
1 2 cospy
1  cos y  3 sin y 1  cos y p3 sin y
14
2.29 T

1  cos y p
3 sin y
1 2 cospy
1  cos y  3 sin y 5.
3
1  cos y  3 sin y 1  cos y 3 sin y
1 2 cos y
2.30 (b) RA sin yE.
2
2
3
1
0p
1
0p
0p
2.31 (a) S
4 0 1=p2 1=p2 5; (b) T
4 0 1=p2
0 1= 2
0 1= 2 1= 2
2.37 a 2e10 .
2.38 (b) a e10

2
3
3
1p
0p
1=p2 5, (d) c
4 1=p2 5.
5= 2
1= 2

p 0
3e 2 .

p
0
0
T12
15= 5; T31
2=5.
2
3
0 5 0
h i
2.40 (a) Tij0 T
0 4 5 1 5 5.
0
5 1
2
3
2 5 1
0
2.42 (b) Tij Tij 45, (c) T
4 2 3 1 5.
0 0 1
2
3
2
3
1 3 5  
0 1 2
 S
2.48 (a) T 4 3 5 7 5, TA 4 1 0 1 5, (b) tA e1  2e2 e3 .
5 7 9
2 1
0
q
2.50 (d) For l 1; n a1 e1 a2 e2  a1 a2 e3
= a21 a22 a23 .
0
4=5;
2.39 T11

2.55 y 120o .
2.56 (c) For l 1; n e3 .

(d) For l 1; n a1 e1 a2 e2 ; a21 a22 1, (e) y p.

p
2.59 (a) For l1 3; n1 e3 . For l2 3; n2 e1  2e2 = 5.
p
2.60 (a) For l1 3; n1 e1 . For l2 4; n2 e2 e3 = 2.
p
2.61 For l1 0; n1 e1  e2 = 2. For l2 l3 2; n ae1 ae2 a3 e3 ; 2a2 a23 1.

2.65 (b) At 0; 0; 0; df=drmax jrfj 2 in the direction of n e3 .

p
At 1; 0; 1; df=drmax jrfj 17 in the direction of n 2e1 3e2 2e3 = 17.
2.67 (a) q 3ke1 e2 ; (b) q 3ke1 6ke2 .
2.69 (a) rv
1;1;0 2I
, (b) rvv 2e1 ,
2
3
A=r 2 B 0
2.71 ru
4 B
A=r2 0 5.
0
0
0

(c) div v 2; curl v 2e1 ,

(d) dv 2dse1 e3 .

Answers to Problems
2.72 div u 3A.
2
A  2B=r3
4
2.73 ru

0
0

0
A B=r3
0

3
0
5.
0
3
A B=r

2.77 div Tr div Ty div Tz 0.

CHAPTER 3
3.1 (b) v1

kx1
; v2 0; v3 0.
1 kt

3.2 (a) v1 a; v2 v3 0; a1 a2 a3 0;
(b) y Aat X1 . Dy=Dt Aa, (c) y BX2 ; Dy=Dt 0.
3.3 (b) v1 0; v2 2bX12 t; v3 0 and a1 0; a2 2bX12 ; v3 0,
(c) v1 0; v2 2bx21 t; v3 0 and a1 0; a2 2bx21 ; a3 0.
3.4 (b) v1 2bX22 t; v2 kX2 ; v3 0 and a1 2bX22 ; a2 0; a3 0,
(c) v1 2bx22 t=1 kt2 ; v2 kx2 =1 kt; v3 0; a1 2bx22 =1 kt2 ; a2 a3 0.
3.5 (b) v1 ks X1 ; v2 0; v3 0 and a1 0; a2 0; a3 0,
(c) v1 ks x1 =1 kt; v2 0; v3 0 and a1 0; a2 0; a3 0.
3.6 (b) For X1 ; X2 ; X3 1; 3; 1 and t 2; v1 432 2 72; v2 1; v3 0:
(c) For x1 ; x2 ; x3 1; 3; 1 and t 2; v1 200; v2 1; v3 0:
3.7 (a) For X1 ; X2 ; X3 1; 1; 0 and t 2; v1 2k; v2 2k; v3 0:
(b) For x1 ; x2 ; x3 1; 1; 0 and t 2; v1 2k=1 4k; v3 0:
3.8 (a) t 2 ! x1 5; x2 3; x3 0, (b) X1 3; X2 1; X3 2,
(c) a1 18; a2 0; a3 0, (d) a1 2; a2 0; a3 0.
3.9 (b) ai 0.
3.10 (a) a 4xex  4yey , (b) x2 y2 constant X2 Y 2 .
Or, x Y sin 2t X cos 2t and y Y cos 2t X sin 2t.


3.11 (a) a k2 xex yey , (b) x Xekt ; y Yekt . Or xy XY.



3.12 M
aterial description: a 2k2 x2 y2 xex yey .
3.14 (b) a1 0; a2 p2 sin ptsin p X1 ; a3 0.
p
3.15 (b) a a2 2=4er ; DY=Dt 2ak.
p
3.16 (b) a a2 2=4er ; DY=Dt 0.
p q
3.17 (b) ds1 =dS1 1= 2 1 k2 1 ds2 =dS2 ,
cosp=2  g sin g f1 k2 1g=f1 k2 1g.

Answers to Problems
p
(c) For k 1; ds1 =dS1 ds2 =dS2 5=2; sin g 3=5.
0
0:01.
For k 102 ; ds1 =dS1 ds2 =dS2  1:005; g 0:0099 rad: (d) 2E12
"
#
0 0 k=2
3.19 (a) E

0
k
0 , (b) 105 =2.
k=2 0 0
3.20 (a) E11 5k 5  104 ;
0
3.21 (a) E11
104 =3.
0
58=9  104 ,
3.22 (a) E11
0
37=25  104 ,
3.23 (a) E11

E22 2k 2  104 ;

p
0
(b) 2E12
32= 45  104 rad:
00
(b) 2E12
72=25  104 rad:

3.24 (a) I1 11  104 ;

I2 31  108 ;

3.25 I1 0;

I3 0.

I2 t2 ;

2E12 k 104 rad.

I3 17  1012 .

3.26 At 1; 0; 0; lmax 3k 3  106 .

3.27 (a) DdV =dV 0,
3.28 (b) At 1; 2; 1;
3.32 E11 a;

0
E11

(b) k1 2k2 .
k;

E22 c;

(c) max elongation 4k; (d) DV k.

E12 b  a c=2.

3.33 (a) E12 100  106 : (b) For l1 261:8  106 ; y 31:7o , or
n 0:851e1  0:525e2 . For l2 38:2  106 ; y 58:3o , or n 0:525e1 0:851e2 .
(b) Prin. strains are 103 in any direction lying on the plane of e1 and e2 .
p
a; E22 2b 2c  a=3; E12 b  c= 3.
p
2  106 ; E22 1  106 ; E12 1=2 3
 106 .

3.34 (a) E12 0,

3.35 E11
3.36 E11

3.37 E11 2  103 ; E22

2
0 kx2
3.38 (a) D
4 kx2 0
0
0

2  103 ; E12 0.
3
2
0
kx2
0
0 5; W
4 kx2 0
0
0
0

3
0
0 5, (b) Dnn 3k.
0

0
3.39 D11 a1 k; D11
1 k=2.

3.40 (a) D12 p cos t cos px1 =2; W12 W21 p cos t cos px1 =2.
0
(b) D11 0, D22 0, D11
p=2.
3.42 (a) Drr 1=r 2 ; Dyy 1=r2 ; other Dij 0; W
0
.


0 1
3.43 At r 2; ar 18; ay 0; (b) D

.
1 0

(b) Drr 1=r2 .

3.44 (a) ar Ar B=r 2 2 sin2 y=r; ay cos y sin yAr B=r2 2 =r;
(b) Drf 3B=2r 3 siny; Dyf 0.

af 0.

Answers to Problems
3.45 W
0:
3.49 k 1.
3.50 f gy=r.

p
3.51 vy k=2sin y= r .

3.53 v1 f x2 ;

v2 0:

3.54 (a) r ro 1 kta=k ;

(b) r r*xo =x1 .

3.55 r ro eat .
2

3.60 (b) 2kX1 X2 f X2 ; X3 gX1 ; X3 .

3.62



@r
@r vy @r
@r
@vr vr 1 @vy @vz
0.

vr

vz
r
r @y
@r
r r @y
@z
@t
@r
@z

2
3
2
3
3
0
0 1
9 0 0
1 0 0
3.63 (b) U
4 0 2 0 5; (c) B
4 0 1 0 5, (d) R
4 1 0 0 5,
0 1 0
0 0 4
0 0 3
2
3
2
3
0
0
0
4=9 0
0
 
 
DV
(e) E* 4 0 3=2 0 5, (f) e* 4 0
6, (h) dA 3e3 .
0
0 5, (g)
DVo
0
0
4
0
0 3=8
2

3
2
3
2
1 0 0
4 0 0
0 1
3.64 (b) U
4 0 2 0 5, (c) B
4 0 9 0 5, (d) R
4 0 0
0 0 3
0 0 1
1 0
2
3
2
3
0
0
0
3=8
0
0
 
 
DV
(e) E* 4 0 3=2 0 5, (f) e* 4 0
4=9 0 5, (g)
DVo
0
0
4
0
0
0

3
0
1 5,
0
6,

(h) dA 3e1 .

3
2
3
2
3
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 0
3.65 (b) U
4 0 2 0 5, (c) B
4 0 9 0 5, (d) R
4 0 0 1 5,
0 0 3
0 0 4
0 1 0
2
3
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
 
DV
(e) E* 4 0 3=2 0 5, (f) e* 4 0 4=9
0 5, (g)
6,
DVo
0
0
4
0
0
3=8
(h) dA 3e3 .
2
3
2
3
3
0 1 0
4 0 0
1 0 0
3.66 (b) U
4 0 2 0 5, (c) B
4 0 1 0 5, (d) R
4 1 0 0 5,
0 0 1
0 0 9
0 0 3
2
3
2
3
0
0
0
3=8 0 0
 
 
DV
(e) E* 4 0 3=2 0 5; (f) e* 4 0
6,
0 0 5, (g)
DVo
0
0
4
0
0 4=9
(h) dA 3e1 .
2

Answers to Problems
2

1
3.67 (a) C
4 3
0

3
0
0 5: (b) For l1 10:908326; n1 0:289785e1 0:957093e2 .
1

3
10
0

For l2 0:0916735; n2 0:957093e1  0:289784e2 : For l3 1; n3 e3 ,

2
3
2
3
3:30277
0
0
0:554704 0:832057 0
0
0:302774 0 5, (d) U
ei 4 0:832057 3:05087 0 5,
(c) U
ni 4
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
3
2
3
3:050852 0:832052 0
0:55470 0:83205 0
U1
ei 4 0:832052 0:554701 0 5, (d) R
ei 4 0:83205 0:55470 0 5.
0
0
1
0
0
1
3.70 (a) 3, 2 and 0.6,

(b) ds=dS

2
2 1
1 4
3.71 (a) U
p 1 3
5 0 0

3
0
5
p0 ,
5

2
1 1
1 4
3.72 (a) U
p 1 3
2 0 0

3
0
5
p0 ,
2

p
13=2,

(b)

p p
C22 2,

(c)

ds p
5=2,
dS

(b)

p p
C22 5,

(c)

ds p
5,
dS

2
@ro
ro @yo 2
@zo

;
@r
@r
@r

3.77

B1
rr

3.80

C1
ro yo

3.81 Bry
3.82 B1
ry

ro @yo
@r

@r
@X

@ro
@r

(c) cos y 0. No change in angle.

ro @yo

r@y

B1
yy

@ro
r@y

1
(d) cos y p :
2

2
(d) cos y p :
5

ro @yo

r@y

@zo

r@y



@ro
ro @yo
@ro

.
r@y
@z
@z






r@y
@r
r@y
@r
r@y

.
@X
@Y
@Y
@Z
@Z







@X
@X
@Y
@Y
@Z
@Z

.
@r
r@y
@r
r@y
@r
r@y
2

1
3.84 (a) B
4 0
0

0
1 rk2
rk

a=r2
4
3.85 (a) B

0
0
2

f X2
4
3.86 C

0
0

0
r=a2
0
0
gY2
0

2
3
0
1
rk 5; (b) C
4 0
1
0
3
0
0 5,
1

0
1
rk

3
0
5.
rk
2
1 rk

(b) det B 1, no change of volume.

3
0
0 5.
hZ2

2
.

Answers to Problems

CHAPTER 4
4.1 (a) 1 MPa; 4 MPa; 0 MPa: (b) 3:61 MPa; 5:39 MPa; 5:83 MPa.
4.2 (a) t 1=35e1 6e2 5e3 :

(b) Tn 3 MPa; Ts 0:745 MPa:

4.3 (a) t 3:47e1  2:41e2 : (b) Tn 2:21 MPa; Ts 3:60 MPa:

p
p
4.4 t 25 3e1 25e2  25 3e3 .

p
p
4.5 (a) t e3 . (b) n21  n22 0, including n e3 ; n e1 e2 = 2; n e1  e2 = 2.
0
6:43 MPa;
4.6 T11

0
T13
18:6 MPa.

4.7 (a) te1 ax2 e1 be2 .

(b) FR 0e1 4 be2 ; Mo 4a=3e3 .

4.8 (a) te1 ax22 e1 . (b) FR 4a=3e1 ; Mo 0.

4.9 (a) te1 ae1 ax3 e2 .

(b) FR 4ae1 ; Mo 4a=3e1 .

4.10 (a) tn1 0, tn2 ax3 e2  ax2 e3 ; tn3 ax3 e2 ax2 e3 : (b) FR 0; Mo 8pae1 .
 p
4.11 (b) FR 0; Mo p= 2 2 .
2
3
0
500 200
4.12 (a) tr S 0. (b) S
4 500 300 400 5kPa:
200 400
300
4.13 (a) 4.
4.14 (b) T12 T21 .
4.17 fmax 2.

p
4.21 (a) Ts 0: (b) For Tmax 100 MPa; n1 e1 e2 = 2. For Tmin 100 MPa;
p
n2 e1  e2 = 2: (c) Ts max 100 MPa, on the planes e1 and e2 .
p
4.23 (a) Ts max 150 MPa; n e1 e3 = 2; (b) Tn 250 MPa:
4.24 T33 1 and T11 1.
4.25 (a) Tn 800=9 88:89 kPa; Ts 260 kPa;
(b) Ts max 300 kPa:
 p
4.26 (a) tn 5= 2 e1 e2 , (b) Tn 5 MPa;
 p
(d) Tn max 5 MPa; n1 1= 2 e1 e2 ;
 p
Tn min 3 MPa; n2 1= 2 e1  e2 . Ts max 4 MPa, on n e1 and n e2 .
 p
4.27 (a) For l1 t; n1 1= 2 e1 e2 .
 p
For l2 t; n2 1= 2 e1  e2 .
For l3 0; n3 e3 .

(b) Ts max t; n e1 and n e2 .

Answers to Problems
4.29 T12  T21 M3* ; T13  T31 M2* and T23  T32 M1* .
4.30 (b) T12 2x1  x2 3.
4.31 T33 1 rg=ax3 f x1 ; x2 .
4.32 (a) C 1, (b) A 1; B 2.
4.36

Tyr @Tyr Try 1 @Tyy @Tyz

rBy ray .
r
@r
r
@z
r @y

4.39 B po  pi ri2 ro2 =ro2  ri2 ;

4.41 A po ro3  pi ri3 =ro3  ri3 ;

A pi ri2  po ro2 =ro2  ri2 .

B po  pi ro3 ri3 =2ro3  ri3
.

3
1000=16 0 0
0
0 0 5MPa; to 1000=16e1 .
4.42 (a) To
4
0
0 0
2
3
1000=256 0 0
 
~ 4
(b) T
0
0 0 5MPa; ~t 1000=256e1 .
0
0 0
4.44 (a) dV 1=4; dA 1=16e1 ,
2
3
100=16 0 0
(b) To
4 0
0 0 5MPa; to 100=16e1 MPa:
0
0 0
2
3


100=64 0 0
 
100
~
~
4
5
~
(c) T
0
0 0 MPa; t 100=64e1 MPa; df
e1 .
64
0
0 0
4.45 (a) dV dVo 1; dA e1  ke2 ,
2
3
100k 100 0
100
0
0 5MPa; to 100ke1 e2 MPa; t p ke1 e2 .
(b) To
4 100
1 k2
0
0
0
2
3
200k 100 0
 
~ 4 100
(c) T
0
0 5MPa; ~t 1002ke1 e2 MPa; d~f 1002ke1 e2 .
0
0
0
4.46 (a) dV 8dVo 8. dA 4e1
2
3
400
0
0
(b) To
4 0
400 0 5MPa; to 400e1 MPa; t 100e1 MPa:
0
0 400
3
2
200
0
0
 
~ 4 0
(c) T
200
0 5MPa; ~t 200e1 MPa; d~f 200e1 .
0
0
200

Answers to Problems

CHAPTER 5
5.3 EY =l ! 0; m ! EY =3.
2m1 n
.
31  2n






l 81:7 GPa 11:8  106 psi ; m 38:4 GPa 5:56  106 psi ; k 107:3 GPa 15:6  106 psi .




n 0:27; l 89:1 GPa 12:9  106 psi ; k 140 GPa 20:3  106 psi .
2
3
17:7 1:9 4:75
T
4 1:9 18:4
0 5MPa:
4:75
0
16:0
2
3
0:483 0:253 0:380
(a) E
4 0:253 1:41
0 5  103 ,
0:380
0
1:12
3
(b) e 0:193  10 ; DV 24:1  103 cm3 .

5.4 m
5.9
5.10
5.11

5.13

EY
;
21 n

5.14 DV 2:96  103 :

5.17 (a) T11 T22 T33
2
lx3
5.19 (a) T
2k4 mx3
mx2

0;
mx3
lx3
mx1

5.21 For n 1=3; cL =cT 2;

T12 T21 2mkx3 ;

3
mx2
5.
mx1
l 2mx3

T13 T31 mk2x1 x2 ;

n 0:49; cL =cT 7:14;

T23 T32 mkx1  2x2 .

n 0:499; cL =cT 22:4.

5.24 (c) a 1;
(d) b np=2 ; n 1; 3; 5 . . .
5.25 (c) a 1;
(d) b np=; n 1; 2; 3 . . .
5.28 (d) b np=; n 1; 2; 3 . . .






3e
2p
4e
2p
3x1 4x2

 cL t 
.
f ; u2 sin
f ; f x1 ; x 2 t
5.30 (a) u1 sin
5
5
5

5.32 (a) a2 a3 0, e2 e1 ,

and

(b) a3 31:17o ; e2 0:742e1 ; e3 0:503e1 .

5.35 (b) e3 =e1 sin 2a1 =cosa1  a3 ; e2 =e1 cosa1 a3 =cosa1  a3 .


ox1
o
ox1
cos ot;
tan sin
5.38 (a) u1 a cos
cL
cL
cL
(b) o=cL np=2; n 1; 3; 5 . . .
5.40 (a) u3 acosox1 =cT  coto=cT sinox1 =cT
cos ot,
(b) o npcT =; n 1; 2; 3 . . .
5.42 (a) Tn max 71:4  106 N; Ts max 23:7  106 N;

bd 1:39  103 m.

Answers to Problems
5.44 (a) Tn s cos2 a; Ts s sin 2a=2,
(b) (i) a p=2; Ts Tn 0; and ii a p=4; Ts Tn s=2;
(c) s  2to =sin 2a.
o
o
o
o
o
o
2s=3; T22
T33
s=3; T12
T13
T23
0;
5.46 (a) T11
2
3
(b) I1 0; I2 s =3; I3 2s =27.

5.49 M1 Mt 2 = 1 2 ; M2 Mt 1 =1 2 .
q
q
5.51 Tn max s s2 4b2 r 2
=2; Ts s2 4b2 r 2
=2;

s P=A;

b Mt =Ip .

0
0
5.53 (a) Mt ell =Mt cir 2, (b) aell
=acir
5=16.

5.54 (b) C a0 =6a; (c) T12 0; T13 0 at all three corners; along x3 0,


T12 0; T13 ma0 =2a 2ax2 x22 , (d) Ts 3a=2ma0 at x2 ; x3 a; 0.
"
#

0
1
ma
192 a X
1
npb
3
2a 2b 1  5
tan h
5.57 Mt
.
3
p b n1;3;5 n5
2a
5.60 Neutral axis in the direction of M2 e2 I22 =I33 M3 e3 .
5.63 (b) T11 2a3; T12 a2; T22 2a1 ;
(c) x1 0; t 2a3 e1 a2 e2 ; x1 b; t 2a3 e1  a2 e2 ;



(d) T33 2na3 a1 ; T13 T23 0; Ei3 0; E11 21=EY 1  n2 a3  n1 na1 ,
(e) Ti3 0; E13 E23 0; E33 2n=EY a3 a1 ; E11 21=EY a3  na1 .
5.66 (b) T11 2ax1 6x1 x2 ; T22 0; T12 2ax2  3x22 ;
c a 3c=2; d tx1 0 3x2 x2  ce2 ; tx1 b 3b2x2  ce1  3x2 x2  ce2 ;

3 

2
Px2 x2 nPx32
Px2
P
h


x2  c1 x2 c3 .
5.67 u1 1
2EY I 6EY I
6mI
2mI 2


flm ccos h lm cgsin h lm x2 sin h lm clm x2 cos h lm x2
sin lm x1 .
5.69 (a) T12 2Am
sin h 2lm c 2lm c


1 n
A
5.72 ur
 2B1  2nr ln r  Br 2C1  2nr H sin y G cos y,
EY
r
uy 1=EY 4Bry1  n1 n
H cos y  G sin y Fr:
5.74 r; r1 ; r 3 and r ln r.

2
1  2nz 3r 2 z
1  2nz
1  2nr
3rz
,
5 ; Tyy 
; Trz

5.84 Trr 
3
3
3
R5
R
R
R
R
3z3
z
Tzz 5 1  2n 3 .
R
R




Fz 3x2 z 1  2nz 1  2n 1  2n 1 x2
x2
.

5.87 Txx 



2p R5
R3
RR z RR z R R z R2

tx2 0 0.

Answers to Problems

5.88

Tzz 

q o z3
ro2 z2

3=2  qo .

1
1
1
1  n32 n23 ; C12
n21 n31 n23 ; C13
n31 n21 n32 ,
DE2 E3
DE2 E3
DE2 E3
1
1  2n13 n21 n32  n13 n31  n23 n32  n21 n12

n32 n31 n12 ; D

.
DE1 E3
E 1 E2 E3

5.101 C11
C23

5.112 Brr a=r2 ;

5.113 Brr

l21 ;

Byy rc2 ;

Bry Brz 0;

Bzz 1;
Byy

l21

Bry 0;
2

rK ;

Brz 0,

Bzz

l23 ;

Byz 0.
Bzy Byz l3 rK.

CHAPTER 6
6.1 RB 5:1  104 N:
6.2 h 2:48m.
6.3 h2 r1 h1  r3 h3 =r2 .


6.5 (b) Fx g 2r2 L . Fx is 2r/3 above the ground. Fy is 4r/3p left of the diameter.
6.6 p  pa rg ah:
6.8 h a=g.
6.10 h1  h2 o2 r12  r22 =2g.
6.12 (A) for n 6 1; pn1=n po1=n1 po  fn  1=ngro gz  zo
n=n1 .
h
i
(B) for n 1, p po exp ro po1=n gz  zo .
6.14 (b) Tn mk  p; Ts2 0,

(c) any plane n1 ; 0; n3 and n1 ; n2 ; 0.

6.16 (a) Tn  p 44m=5; (b) Ts 8m=5.

6.20 (a) x2 a2 ;

(b) x1

1 kX2 t
X1 and x2 X2 .
1 kX2 to

6.22 (a) x21 x22 a21 a22 , (b) x21 x22 X12 X22 , time history:
x1 X2 sin ot X1 cos ot; x2 X2 cos ot  X1 sin ot.
6.23 (a) y yo ,

(b) y Y, time history: r2 R2 Qt=p.

6.26 v a=2mx2 d  x22 vo x2 =d;

Q ad3 =12m vo d2 =2d.

6.27 mv rg sin yd  x2 =2x2 .

 2


x
b m2  m1
m1
x 2  b2
.
6.29 m1 vt a 2 
2 2 m1 m2
m1 m2


1 dp 2 a2  b2
b2 ln a  a2 ln b
6.32 (b) v
.
r
ln r
4m dz
lnb=a
lnb=a

Answers to Problems
6.34 A ba2 b2 =f2a2 b2 g; B A.
p
6.36 wave length 2p=103 2:51  103 m.
6.38 (b) A Qm =2p.



4
m 3 vo
a

6.40 Y 
d  2x2 Cx2 D.
12ka2 d
2m


m3
vo ad 4

.
D Yo
12ka2 d 2m

2

2 


mB2
ro  ri2
mB
ri
:
ln
6.42 Y  2 C ln r D; C
kr
k
ro
ri2 ro2
6.44 (b) T11 p 2mk; T22 p  2mk; T33 p; T12 T13 T23 0;
(c) a1 k2 x1 ; a2 k2 x2 ; a3 0, (d) p r=2v21 v22 po , (f) F 4mk2 ;
(h) the nonslip boundary condition at x2 0 is not satisfied for a viscous fluid.
6.46 Ans. B 1=m@p=@x1 x2 e3 .


dy
dy
@ c @2c
ez .
1: (d) B 

6.48 (c)
dx constant dx cconstant
@y2 @x2
@2c @2c

0.
@y2 @x2
q
 

6.51 Q A1 A2 2p1  p2  rgh
= r A21  A22 :
6.49

CHAPTER 7

7.1

v  ndS div vdV 16.

7.3

div vdV v  ndS 64p.

7.9 (b) m 3ro eatto A;

7.11 (b) m kAro ln 3;
7.14 (a)

dm=dt 3aro eatto A.

dm=dt 0.

dP
9
 a2 Aro eatto e1 ;
dt
2

9
(b) 9Aro a2 eatto , (c) F Aro a2 eatto e1 .
2

7.15 (a) P 2ro kaAe1 ; (b) 2kro Aa2 ; (c) F 2kro Aa2 e1 .
7.17 rC2 pro6 =3e1 ; prC2 ro6 =4e1 .

2
d2 x
dx
.
7.19 gx x 2
dt
dt

Answers to Problems
7.21 Force from water to the bend is Fw 1100e1  282e2 N:
7.22 rAv2o e1 .
7.24 Force on the vane is Fvane rAvo  v2 1  cos ye1  sin ye2
.

CHAPTER 8
8.3 S Ge

8.4 (b)

de
;
dt

S=eo GHt
dt.

Gt
S

2o G


o
dt.

e

o


o
eo

o 2

8.5 S12 mvo 1  et=l .

0

8.8 G
lo

l2 o2 Hl

dl;
l 1 l2 o 2
2

00

loH l
dl .
l 1 l2 o2


G
lo

3
2 2
3
1 0 0
0 k 0
2k 0 0 t  t2
; k  dv=dx1 .
8.11 (b) Ct
4 0 1 0 5 4 k 0 0 5t  t 4 0 0 0 5
2
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 2ktt
3
e
0
0
8.12 (b) Ct
4
0
e2ktt 0 5
0
0
1
3
2
3
2
3 2 2
2k 0 0
8k3 0 0 t  t3
0 0 t  t 2
4k
4 0
... :
I
t  t4 0
2k 0 5 4 0 4k2 0 5
8k3 0 5
2
3!
0
0 0
0
0 0
0
0 0
2 2ktt
3
2
3
2k 0
0
0
0
e
5 I
t  t4 0 2k
8.13 (b) Ct
4 0
0 5
0
e2ktt
4ktt
0 0 4k
0
0
e
2 2
3
2 3
3
8k
0
0
2
0
0
4k
t  t
t  t3
4 0 8k3
... :
4 0 4k2
0 5
0 5
2
3!
2
3
0
0 16k
0
0 64k
8.14 (a) x 0 x1 cos h kt  t x2 sin h kt  t; x 0 x1 sin h kt  t x2 cos h kt  t,
2
3
cos h2 fkt  tg sin h2 fkt  tg
sin hf2kt  tg
0
6
7
(b) Ct
4
sin hf2kt  tg
sin h2 fkt  tg cos h2 fkt  tg 0 5
0
2

0
I
4 2k
0

2k
0
0

0
2

0
4k2
0 5 t  t 4 0
0
0

0
4k2
0

0
0 t  t2
4 8k3
05
2
0
0

8k3
0
0

1
3

0 t  t3
... :
05
6
0

Answers to Problems


k r 0
dv vr
5
0
0 ; k

.
dr
r
0
0
2k
(b) rA1 rry  ; rA1 ryy 0; rA1 rzy 0; rA1 yry 0;
r
2k
rA1 yyy ; rA1 yzy 0; rA1 zry 0; rA1 zyy 0; rA1 zzy 0.
r
2 2
3
2k 0 0
(c) A2 4 0 0 0 5.
0 0 0

0
8.20 (a) A1
4 kr
0

S12

8.23 m 
k

sf2 sd;

s1 S11  S22 k

s2 f2 sds;

s2 S22  S33 0.


hi  2
0
mk
;
8.27 (a) Corotational stress rate is: T
0 mk2


h i
hi

cos 2ot sin 2ot

; (d) T * Q
T Q
T .
(c) T mk2
sin 2ot cos 2ot


8.28 (b) The corotational derivative of T: rk v22  v21 I.
2 2
3
2
3
0
 2
0 k=2 0
 2
k =4 20
8.30 T
pI
f1 k =4; 0 4 k=2 0 0 5 f2 k =4; 0 4 0
k =4 0 5.
0
0 0
0
0
0
8.36 S12

h
i


mk
2lmk2
lmk2 1 a
; s1  S11  S22
; Ak 1 1  a2 lk2 .
; s2 S22  S33 
Ak
Ak
Ak

8.37
k S12 =k m;
8.38
k

s1 T11  T22 2mk2 l1  l2 ;

S12 m1 l2 mo k2

;
k
1 l 1 mo k 2

8.40 (a) Szr tk;

s1 T11  T22

Szz  Srr s1 k;

s1 T22  T33 0.

2mk2 l1  l2
;
1 l 1 mo k 2

Srr  Syy s2 k;

s2 T22  T33 0.

Szy Sry 0.