AP English Language and Composition Summer 2015

Chih Jui Tsou

Component #1
1. Speaker the person telling the story
2. Occasion the setting
3. Audience the reader
4. Purpose the author's reason for writing
5. Subject the main idea
6. Tone the author's attitude
7. Logos the use of facts
8. Pathos appealing to emotions
9. Ethos credibility
10. Argument the author's stand point or side
11. Claim a view on a topic
12. Counter-claim opposing view of the topic
13. Rebuttal/Refutation a counter argument
14. Evidence supporting details
15. Thesis the main point
Component #2

Focus
Speake
r

Evidence
Carl was born in 1917 on a farm near
Upper Sandusky, Ohio.

Analysis
Throughout most of the chapter, the author
is the speaker and is speaking in narrative
third person mode.
Towards the end, the author switches to
first person, describing a visit from the
author to Carl Karcher.

Occasio
n

Southern California had recently given

birth to an entirely new lifestyle...

The setting is mainly in southern

California, in the two cities of Anaheim
and Los Angeles.

Audien
ce

By the end of 1944,Carl Karcher owned

four hot dog carts in Los Angeles. In
addition to running the carts, he still worked
full-time for the Armstrong Bakery.

The reader is given facts and statements,

reading the story in past tense. The author
never addresses the audience directly.

Purpos
e

In July of 1997,CKE purchased Hardees

for $327 million, thereby becoming the
fourth-largest hamburger chain in the United
States, joining McDonalds, Burger King,
and Wendys at the top.

The author is trying to use Carl Karcher as

an example of how the fast food industry,
along with the major cities with those fast
food restaurants, grew. The author wants to
educate the reader and provide an
introduction into the rest of the book.

Subject

Carl N. Karcher is one of the fast food

industrys pioneers. His career extends from
the industrys modest origins to its current
hamburger hegemony.

The author talks about the life of Carl

Karcher, and goes over Richard and
Maurice McDonald. The author uses these
people to illustrate how the fast food
industry grew at first.

Tone

Carl grew up on a farm without running

water or electricity. Hed escaped a hard
rural life.The view outside his office
window was not disturbing to him, I
realized. It was a mark of success.

The author is appreciative and admiring of

Carl Karcher's work, stating him as a
pioneer and showing how his life grew
from humble beginnings.

Component #3
Chapter #1, The Founding Fathers
Focus: LOGOS
The author uses facts constantly to back up his argument that Carl N. Karcher is a fast food industry pioneer.
Throughout the chapter, the author talks about Karcher's life along with evidence showing how Karcher was

able to make an impact in the industry. After World War II, business soared at Carls Drive-In Barbeque, along
with the economy of southern California. The author backs this up by saying, Between 1940 and 1945, the
federal government spent nearly $20 billion in California, mainly in and around Los Angeles, building airplane
factories and steel mills, military bases and port facilities. During those six years, federal spending was
responsible for nearly half of the personal income in southern California. The economic boom allowed Carl to
gain a lot of money. [After] seeing the long lines at McDonalds, Carl Karcher went home to Anaheim and
decided to open his own self service restaurant. Carl then was able to take advantage of the boom of cars and
profit. Later on, his company met a crisis, and Karcher solved it by selling selling Mexican food. He then
purchased Hardees for $327 million, thereby becoming the fourth-largest hamburger chain in the United
States. The author uses those facts to show how Carl N. Karcher became a pioneer in the fast food industry and
how he is a successful, admirable man.

Chapter #2, Your Trusted Friends

Focus: ETHOS
The author states facts and vivid descriptions to gain credibility in this chapter. Before entering the Ray A.Kroc
Museum, you have to walk through McStore. Both sit on the ground floor of McDonalds corporate
headquarters, located at One McDonalds Plaza in Oak Brook, Illinois. The author describes the place very
specifically and projects his own thoughts within the description to gain credibility that he was actually there.
Throughout the chapter, the author gives facts and explanations to give credibility to himself. [Walt Disney and
Ray Kroc] perfected the art of selling things to children, which the author backed up with statements about
their past and how they sold things. The author also uses quotes from the people he's talking about. Hundreds
of young people were being trained and fitted, Disney explained, into a machine for the manufacture of
entertainment. The author uses quotes that Disney said to show that his argument is true.

Chapter #3, Behind the Counter

Focus: PATHOS
The author is mainly informative, and does not focus on appealing to emotions. But there still can be found
instances in which pathos is used. For years, kids from Cheyenne Mountain High School have come up here on
weekend nights, parked at spots with good aerial views, and partied. The author describes such a scene to
appeal to the audience, who may be able to picture it and feel the vibe the author is trying to create. This allows
the author to generate a better view of the area and draws the reader into believing the place is as beautiful as it

is described. You can drive for twenty minutes, pass another fast food cluster, and feel like youve gotten
nowhere. The author describes another scene to provoke feelings from the reader, this time provoking a feeling
of insignificance and how the area is surrounded by busy fast food restaurants.

AP English Language and Composition

_______________________
Summer Reading Assignment
_______________________

Name:
Date:
Rubric

Section

Defining Terms

SOAPSTone

Journal Entry 1

Journal
Entry 2

5
Highly
sophisticated
and effective
use of language
to support an
argument

4
Effective use of
language to
convince or
persuade

3
Adequate use of
language that is
generally
convincing

2
Inadequate use
of language to
develop an
argument and
may
misrepresent
ideas

1
Little Success in
use of language
and
development of
an argument,
and
demonstrate a
lack of control
in writing

Journal
Entry 3