DearParents,

TheMathematicsGeorgiaStandardsofExcellence(MGSE),presentabalancedapproachtomathematicsthat
stressesunderstanding,fluency,andrealworldapplicationequally.Knowthatyourchildisnotlearningmath
thewaymanyofusdidinschool,sohopefullybeingmoreinformedaboutthiscurriculumwillassistyouwhen
youhelpyourchildathome.
BelowyouwillfindthestandardsfromUnitTwoinboldprintandunderlined.Followingeachstandardisan
explanationwithstudentexamples.Pleasecontactyourchildsteacherifyouhaveanyquestions.

OA.1Useadditionandsubtractionwithin20tosolvewordproblemsinvolvingsituationsofaddingto,
takingfrom,puttingtogether,takingapart,andcomparing,withunknownsinallpositions,e.g.,byusing
objects,drawings,andequationswithasymbolfortheunknownnumbertorepresenttheproblem.

ThisstandardbuildsontheideasstudentslearnedinKindergartenbyhavingstudentsuseavarietyof
mathematicalrepresentations(e.g.,objects,drawings,andequations)toshowtheirthinking.Theunknown
symbolscouldincludeboxesorpicturesbutnotletters.

Therearethreetypesofadditionproblems:
ResultUnknown
ChangeUnknown
StartUnknown

Examples:
ResultUnknown
ChangeUnknown
StartUnknown
Thereare9studentsonthe
Thereare9studentsonthe
Therearesomestudentsonthe
playground.Then8more
playground.Somemore
playground.Then8more
studentsshowedup.How
studentsshowup.Thereare
studentscame.Therearenow
manystudentsaretherenow? now17students.Howmany 17students.Howmany

studentscame?
studentswereonthe
9+8=____

playgroundatthebeginning?
9+____=17
____+8=17

OA.3Applypropertiesofoperationsasstrategiestoaddandsubtract.Examples:If8+3=11isknown,
then3+8=11isalsoknown.(Commutativepropertyofaddition.)Toadd2+6+4,thesecondtwo
numberscanbeaddedtomakeaten,so2+6+4=2+10=12.(Associativepropertyofaddition.)

Thisstandardcallsforstudentstoapplypropertiesofoperationsasstrategiestoaddandsubtract.Studentsdo
notneedtouseformaltermsfortheseproperties.Studentsshouldusemathematicaltools(cubesandcounters)
andrepresentations(numberlineanda100chart)tomodeltheseideas.
Example:
Studentscanbuildatowerof8greencubesand3yellowcubes,andthenbuildanothertowerof3
yellowcubesand8greencubestoshowthatorderdoesnotchangetheresultwhenadding.Students
canalsousecubesof3differentcolorstoprovethat(2+6)+4isequivalentto2+(6+4)andthento
prove2+6+4=2+10.

AssociativePropertyofAddition
CommutativePropertyofAddition
Orderdoesnotmatterwhenyouadd
Whenaddingastringofnumbersyoucanadd
numbers.Forexample,if8+2=10is
anytwonumbersfirst.Forexample,when
known,then2+8=10isalsoknown.
adding2+6+4,thesecondtwonumberscan
beaddedtomakeatenfirst,so
2+6+4=2+10=12

OA.5Relatecountingtoadditionandsubtraction(e.g.,bycountingon2toadd2).

Thisstandardasksforstudentstomakeaconnectionbetweencountingandaddingandsubtracting.Students
usevariouscountingstrategies,includingcountingall,countingon,andcountingbackwithnumbersupto20.
Thisstandardcallsforstudentstomovebeyondcountingallandbecomecomfortableatcountingonand
countingback.Thecountingallstrategyrequiresstudentstocountanentireset.Thecountingonandcounting
backstrategiesoccurwhenstudentsareabletoholdthestartnumberintheirheadandcountonfromthat
number.

Example:5+2=___

Student2:CountingOn
Student1:CountingAll

5+2=___.Thestudentcountsfive
5+2=___.Studentcountsfivecounters.
counters.Thestudentaddstwomore
Thestudentaddsanothercounterandsays6,
counters.Thestudentthencounts1,2,3,
thenaddsanothercounterandsays7.The
4,5,6,7togettheanswer.
studentknowstheansweris7,sincethey
countedon2.

Example:123=___

Student2:CountingBack
Student1:CountingAll
123=___.Thestudentcountstwelve
123=___.Thestudentcountstwelve
counters.Thestudentremoves3ofthe
counters.Thestudentremovesacounterand
counters.Thestudentcountsthe
says11,removesanothercounterandsays10,
remainingcountersbyones(1,2,3,4,5,
andremovesathirdcounterandsays9.The
6,7,8,9)togettheanswer.
studentknowstheansweris9,sincethey
countedback3.


OA.6Addandsubtractwithin20,demonstratingfluencyforadditionandsubtractionwithin10.Use
strategiessuchascountingonmakingten(e.g.,8+6=8+2+4=10+4=14)decomposinganumber
leadingtoaten(e.g.,134=1331=101=9)usingtherelationshipbetweenadditionand
subtraction(e.g.,knowingthat8+4=12,oneknows128=4)andcreatingequivalentbuteasieror
knownsums(e.g.,adding6+7bycreatingtheknownequivalent6+6+1=12+1=13).

Thisstandardmentionsthewordfluencywhenstudentsareaddingandsubtractingnumberswithin10.Fluency
meansaccuracy(correctanswer),efficiency(within34seconds),andflexibility(usingstrategiessuchas
making5ormaking10).Thestandardalsocallsforstudentstouseavarietyofstrategieswhenaddingand
subtractingnumberswithin20.
Itisimportanttomovebeyondthestrategyofcountingon,asthatstrategycanbecometroublesomewhen
workingwithlargernumbers.

Example:8+7=___

Student1:Making10andDecomposinga Student2:CreatinganEasierProblem
Number
withKnownSums

Iknowthat8plus2is10,soIdecomposed
Iknow8is7+1.Ialsoknowthat7and7
(broke)the7upintoa2anda5.FirstI
equal14andthenIadded1moretoget15.
added8and2toget10,andthenaddedthe
8+7=(7+7)+1=15
5toget15.
8+7=(8+2)+5=10+5=15

Example:146=___

Student2:RelationshipbetweenAddition
Student1:DecomposingtheNumberYou
Subtract
andSubtraction

Iknowthat14minus4is10,soIbrokethe
6+is14.Iknowthat6plus8is14,so
6upintoa4anda2.14minus4is10.
thatmeansthat14minus6is8.
ThenItakeaway2moretoget8.
6+8=14,so146=8
146=(144)2=102=8