C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

Ti liu tham kho v Mo t - sch Vn phm

Anh ng thc hnh
(C Mai Phng: y l ti liu y nht v mo t cc em nh! Tuy nhin, v l y nn
kh di v nhc mt ^^. C khng ngh l nhiu bn c kin nhn c ht 13 trang ny.
Phn mo t kh l v n di, nhiu quy tc lt nht, v th trong video bi ging c phi chia
nh ra thnh 25 quy tc cc em d vo hn. Nu c v nh ht 13 trang ny th cc em cn
gii hn c na ka ^^ C ln nh!)
1.
Articles and one, a little/ a few, this, that. Mo t v one (mt), a little/ a few (mt t/
mt vi), this, that (ny, kia.
1. Mo t bt nh a/an (The indefinite article).
+ Hnh thc a c dng trc mt t bt u bng mt ph m, hay mt nguyn m c m l
ph m.
V d:
a man (mt ngi n ng), a hat (mt ci nn)
a university (mt trng i hc)
a European (mt ngi chu u)
a one way street (mt con ng mt chiu)
+ Hnh thc an c dng trc nhng t bt u bng mt nguyn m.
an apple (mt tri to), an island (mt hn o)
an uncle (mt ng ch), an egg (mt qu trng)
an onion (mt c hnh), an hour (mt gi ng h)
+ Hay bng cc mu t c bit c c nh mt nguyn m
an L-plate (mt tm bng gn xe tp li), an MP (mt qun cnh), an SOS (mt tn hiu cp
cu), an X (mt ch X).
+ A/An c hnh thc ging nhau tt c cc ging.
a man (mt ngi n ng), a woman (mt ph n), an actor (mt nam din vin), an actress
(mt n din vin), a table (mt ci bn).
2. Cc dng A/An
A/An c dng:
A. Trc mt danh t s t c th m c nh danh t c cp ln u v khng
tng trng cho ngi hay vt c bit no.
I need a visa (Ti cn mt chiu khn-visa).
They live in a flat (H sng trong mt cn h).
He bought an ice-cream (Anh ta mua mt cy kem).

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B. Trc mt danh t s t c th m c m danh t c dng ch chung mt loi

vt:
A car must be insured = All cars/ any car must be insured. (Xe hi phi c bo him).
A child needs love = All children need/ Any child needs love. (Tr em cn s yu thng).
C. Vi mt danh t lm b tc t, bao gm chc danh ca cc ngh nghip.
It was an earthquake. ( l mt trn ng t).
Shell be a dancer. (C ta s l mt din vin ma).
He is an actor. (Anh ta l mt din vin).
D. Trong mt s thnh ng ch s lng:
a lot of (nhiu), a couple (mt cp/ i), a great many (nhiu), a dozen (mt t) [dng one
dozen cng c], a great deal of (nhiu).
E. Vi nhng s nht nh:
a hundred (mt trm), a thousand (mt ngn).
- Trc half (na, ri) khi half theo sau mt s nguyn vn.
kilos = one and half kilos hay a kilo and a half (mt k ri).
- Nhng kg = half a kilo (na k) [khng c a trc half]; mc d i khi vn dng a + half +
danh t:
a half- holiday (ngy l ngh na ngy)
a half-portion (na phn); a half-share (na c phn).
- Vi 1/3, , 1/5 v.v a cng thng c dng: a third = 1/3, a quarter = v.v nhng nu
dng one cng c.
F. Trong cc thnh ng ch gi c, tc , t l v.v:
5 p a kilo (5 xu mt k); 1 a metre (1 bng 1 mt); sixty kilometres an hour (su mi ki l
mt mt gi); 10 p a dozen (10 xu mt t); four times a day (mt ngy bn ln). Vi ngha trn
a/an = per (mi).
G. Trc cc danh t s t m c trong cc cu cm thn:
Such a long queue! (Mt hng di kinh khng!).
What a pretty girl! (Mt c gi d thng lm sao!)
Nhng: Such long queues! (Nhng hng di kinh khng!)
What pretty girls! (Nhng c gi d thng lm sao!)
H. a c th c t trc Mr/ Mrs/ Miss + h:
a Mr Smith, a Mrs Smith, a Miss Smith, a Mr Smith c ngha l mt ngi n ng tn l
Smith v ng ng ta l mt ngi l i vi ngi ni. Nu ni Mr Smith (khng c a) th li
ng ngi ni bit ng Smith.
3. Vic b a/ an
A/an c b khi:

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

A. ng trc danh t s nhiu.

A/an khng c hnh thc s nhiu. V th s nhiu ca a dog l dogs v ca an egg (mt qu
trng) l eggs (nhng qu trng).
B. ng trc danh t khng m c (xem mc 13).
C. ng trc tn gi cc ba n tr trng hp c tnh t ng trc cc tn gi .
We have breakfast at eight.
(Chng ti dng ba im tm lc tm gi.)
He gave us a good breakfast.
(ng ta cho chng ti mt ba im tm ngon).
Mo t cng c dng khi l mt ba n c bit k nim hay khon i mt ngi
no:
I was innvited to dinner [ba n thng nh].
(Ti c mi n n ti).
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador.
(Ti c mi n d ba n ti cho mng v i s mi.)
4. A/an v One
A. A/an v one dng nh tnh t (adjective)
1. Chng ta c th dng c a/an ln one cho s t m hay o lng thi gian, khong cch,
trng lng
1 = a/ one pound (mt bng Anh).
1,000,000 = a/ one million pounds (mt triu bng Anh) (Xem chng 36).
+ Nhng lu trong cu sau:
The rent is 100 a week.
(Tin thu nh l 100 bng mt tun).
th a ng trc week khng c thay th bng one (xem 2.F).
+ Trong mt s kiu cu th a/ an v one khng th thay th cho nhau c, bi v one + danh
t thng c ngha l mt cn a/ an khng c ngha ny.
A shotgun is no good. (Mt khu sng sn khng thch hp).
One shotgun is no good.(Mt khu sng sn cha ).
2. Cch dng c bit ca one.
(a) One (tnh t/ i t) (adjective/ pronoun) dng vi another/ others.
One (boy) wanted to read, another/ others wanted to watch T.V.
(C ngi (cu b) mun c sch, ngi khc mun xem T.V) (Xem 53)
One day he wanted his lunch early, another day he wanted it late.
(C ngy anh ta mun n tra sm, c ngy anh ta mun n mun).

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

(b) One c th c dng trc day (ngy)/ week (tun) month (thng)/ year (nm)/ summer
(ma h)/ winter (ma ng) hay trc tn gi ca ngy, thng ch mt thi gian c bit ca
iu g xy ra:
One night there was a terrible storm.
(Mt m c mt trn bo khng khip).
One winter the snow fell early. (Mt ma ng tuyt ri sm).
One day a telegram arrived. (Mt ngy bc in n.)
(c) One day cng c th c dng vi ngha mt ngy no .
One day youll be sorry you treated him so badly.
(Mt ngy no anh s n hn l anh i x vi n qu t).
(Cch dng one v you hy xem mc 68).
B. A/ an v one (i t).
One l mt i t tng ng ca a/ an.
Did you get a ticket? Yes, I managed to get one. (Anh mua c v ch? Vng, ti xoay
x mua c mt v).
S nhiu ca One dng theo cch trn l Some (vi, mt t)
Did you get tickets? Yes, I managed to get some. (Anh mua c v ch? Vng, ti xoay
x mua c vi v).
5. A little/ a few (mt t/ mt vi) v little/ few (t)
A. a little/ little (tnh t) c dng trc danh t khng m c.
a little salt/ little salt (mt t mui/ t mui)
a few/ few (tnh t) c dng trc danh t s nhiu.
a few people/ few people (mt vi ngi/ t ngi).
Tt c bn hnh thc trn u c th c dng nh i t, dng mt mnh hay i vi of.
Sugar? A little, please. (ng ch? Cho xin mt t).
Only a few of these are any good.
(Ch c mt vi ci trong s ny l tt thi).
B. A little, few (tnh t v i t).
A little dng ch mt s lng nh hay nhng g m ngi ni xem nh l mt s lng nh.
A few l mt s m nh hay nhng g m ngi ni xem nh l mt s m nh.
Only t trc a little/ a few nhn mnh s lng hay s m tht s kh nh theo quan nim
ca ngi ni.
Only a few of our customers have accounts.
(Ch mt vi khch hng ca chng ti l c ti khon).
- Nhng quite (kh) t trc a few th li xem nh gia tng s m.
I have quite a few books on art (quite a lot of books).

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

(Ti c kh nhiu sch ni v ngh thut).

C. Little v few (tnh t v i t).
Little v few ch s khan him hay thiu thn v hu nh c ngha ca mt s ph nh.
There was a little time for consultation.
(C t thi gian bn bac).
Little is known about the side-effects of this drug.
(Ngi ta t bit v cc tc dng ph ca thuc ny).
(Few towns have such splendid trees).
(Him th x c nhng cy ci p tuyt nh th ny).
- Cch dng ny ca little v few phn ln ch dng cho vn vit (c l bi v trong m thoi
little v few c th d b nhm ln vi a little/ a few). V th trong m thoi little v few thng
c thay bng hardly any (hu nh khng) hoc c th mt ng t ph nh + much/ many.
We saw little = we saw hardly anything/ we didnt see much.
(Chng ti hu nh khng thy g c).
Tourists come here but few stay overnight = Tourists come here but hardly any stay overnight.
(Khch du lch n y nh hu nh t li).
- Nhng little v few c th c dng mt cch rng ri hn khi chng c thm nh bi so,
very, too, extremely, comparatively (mt cch so snh), relatively (mt cch tng i)
Fewer (so snh) cng c th dng mt cch rng ri hn.
Im unwilling to try a drug I know so little about. (Ti khng mun th mt loi thuc m ti
bit rt t v n).
They have too many technicians, we have too few.
(H c qu nhiu k thut vin, chng ti c qu t).
There are fewer butterflies every year.
(Mi nm bm li t i).
D. A little/ little (trng t)

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

1. A little c th c dng:
(a) Vi ng t:
It rained a little during the night.
(Tri ma mt t sut m).
They grumbled a little about having to wait.
(H cu nhu mt t v vic phi ch i).
Vi nhng tnh t v trng t khng thun li
a little anxious (mt cht lo lng)
a little annoyed (mt cht kh chu)
a little unwillingly (hi min cng)
a little impatiently (hi st rut).
(c) Vi tnh t hay trng t so snh:
The paper should be a little thicker.
(Giy nn dy hn mt t).
Cant you walk a little faster?
(Anh khng th i nhanh hn mt t sao?)
- rather c th thay th a little (b) v cng c th dng trc so snh (xem mc 42) mc d a
little thng dng hn.
- Trong ting Anh bnh dn th a bit cng c th c dng thay cho a little tt c cc v d
trn.
2. Little c dng ch yu vi better hay more trong kiu cu chnh thc, trang trng:
His second suggestion was little (=not much) better than his first.
(Li gi ln th hai ca ng ta chng hay hn ln u bao nhiu).
He was little (= not much) more than a child when his father died.
(Khi cha cht, anh ta cn l mt a tr kh b).
Trong Ting Anh trang trng, little cng c th c t trc nhng ng t nht nh: expect
(mong i), know (bit), suspect (hoi nghi), think (ngh).
He little thought that one day
(Anh ta t ngh rng mt ngy no )
Lu cng c nhng tnh t nh little-know (t ni ting), little-used (t dng).
a little-known painter (mt ha s t ni ting)
a little-used footpath (mt con ng mn t ngi qua li)
6. Mo t xc nh the (the definite article).
A. Hnh thc.
The c dng cho c s t, s nhiu v tt c cc ging.

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

The boy (cu con trai), the girl (c gi)

The boys (cc cu con trai), the girls (cc c gi)
The days (nhng ngy)
B. Cch dng:
Mo t xc nh c dng:
1. Khi vt th hay nhm vt th l duy nht hay c xem l duy nht.
the earth (tri t), the sea (bin), the sky (bu tri),
the equator (xch o), the stars (nhng v sao).
2. Trc mt danh t m n tr nn xc nh khi c cp ln th hai:
His car struck a tree, you can still see the mark on the tree.
(Xe anh ta ng mt ci cy, bn vn cn c th thy du vt trn ci cy ).
3. Trc mt danh t c xc nh bng vic thm mt cm t hay mt mnh :
The girl in blue (C gi trong b xanh).
The man with the banner (Ngi n ng vi tm biu ng).
The boy that I met (Cu b m ti gp).
The place where I met him (Ni m ti gp anh ta).
4. Trc mt danh t ng ch mt vt ring bit:
Ann is in the garden (Ann trong vn) [vn nh ny].
Please pass the wine (Lm n a chai ru) [ru trn bn].
Tng t:
The postman (ngi a th) [ngi m n vi chng ti],
The car (chic xe) [chic xe ca chng ti], the newspaper (t bo) [t bo chng ti
c].
5. Trc so sanh cc cp v first (th nht), second (th hai) c dng nh tnh t hay i t
v only (duy nht).
The firt (week) (tun th nht).
The best day (ngy tt nht).
The only way (cch tt nht).
C. The + danh t s t tng trng cho mt loi th vt hay vt:
The whale is in danger of becoming extinct.
(C voi ang trong nguy c b tuyt chng).
The deep-free has made life easier for housewives.
(Thc n ng lnh nhanh d lm cho cc b ni tr c cuc sng d dng hn).
- Nhng vi man (ngi ta) dng tng trng cho loi ngi th khng c mo t.
If oil supplies run out, man may have to fall back on the horse.
(Nu cc ngun cung du b ct, con ngi c l phi tr li vic ci nga).
- The c th dng trc mt thnh vin ca mt nhm ngi xc nh.
The small shopkeeper is the finding life increasingly difficult.
(Gii ch tim nh thy i sng ngy cng kh khn).
- The + danh t s t c dng trc mt ng t s t. i t l he, she hay it.
The first class traveller pays more so he expects some comfort.

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(Khch du lch hng nht tr nhiu tin hn nn h mong c thoi mi).

D. The + tnh t tng trng cho mt nhm ngi:
The old = old people (ngi gi) (xem mc 23)
E. The dng trc mt s danh t ring ch bin, sng, qun o, dy ni, nhng tn gi s
nhiu ca cc nc. sa mc, min.
The Atlantic (i ty dng), The Netherlands (H Lan)
The Thames (Sng Themes), The Sahara (Sa mc Sahara).
The Azores (ni Azores), The Crimea (vng Crimea).
The Alps (ni Alps), The Riviera (min Riviera).
V trc nhng tn gi nht nh khc.
The City (thnh ph), the Mall (khu Mall), the Sudan (Sudan).
The Hague (Cng Hague), the Srand (ph Strand), the Yemen (Y--men).
- The cng c dng trc nhng tn gi gm danh t + of + danh t
The Bay of Biscay (Vnh Biscay), the Gulf of Mexico (Vnh Mexico), the Cape of Good
Hope (mi Ho vng), the United States of America (Hip chng quc Hoa K).
- The cng c dng trc nhng tn gi bao gm tnh t + danh t (min l cc tnh t
khng phi east (ng), west (ty)).
The Arabian Gulf (Vnh Rp), the New Forest (rng New Forest), The High Street (xa
l).
- The c dng trc nhng tnh t nh east/west v.v + danh t trong nhng tn gi
nht nh:
The East/West End (Vin ng, Vin Ty).
The East/West Indies (ng n, Ty n).
The North/South pole (Bc cc, Nam cc).
Nhng thng c b :
South Africa (Nam Phi), North America (Bc M).
West Germany (Ty c).
- Tuy nhin the c dng trc east/west v.v khi cc t ny l danh t:
The north of Spain (Bc Ty Ban Nha).
The Middle East (Trung ng).
The West (phng Ty).
- Hy so snh Go north (trng t) (i v hng Bc) vi He lives in the north (danh t)
(Anh ta sng min Bc).
F. The c dng trc nhng tn gi ring bao gm tnh t + danh t hay danh t + of +
danh t:
The National Gallery (Nh trng by m thut Quc gia).
The Tower of London ( Thp London).
The cng c dng trc nhng tn gi i hp xng, dn nhc, ban nhc v.v
The Bach Choir (i hp xng Bach).
The Philadelphia Orchestra (Dn nhc Philadelphia).
The Beatles (Ban nhc Beatles).
V trc tn gi cc t bo nh The Times (Thi bo).

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

V cc tn con tu nh: the Great Britain (tu Great Britain).

G. The vi cc tn gi ngi c dng gii hn. The + h s nhiu c dng vi ngha
gia nh
The Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and the children).
(gia nh Smith).
- The + tn gi s t + mnh /cm t c th dng phn bit mt ngi ny vi
ngi khc c cng tn.
We have two Smiths. Which do you want? I want the Mr Smith who signed this letter.
(Chng ti c hai ng Smith. Anh cn gp ngi no? Ti cn gp ng Smith k l
th ny).
- The c dng trc tc hiu (Lord Olivier, Captain Cook). (Lnh cha Olivier, thuyn
trng Cook) ngay c mt ngi no c m ch bng mt tc hiu th cng dng
the.
The earl expected (B tc mong i)
The Captain ordered (Thuyn trng ra lnh)
- Nhng l th c vit cho t hai ch em gi cha lp gia nh tr ln c th ghi l: The
Misses + h. The Misses Smith (ch em c Smith).
7. Vic b the.
A. Mo t xc nh khng c dng:
1. Trc nhng tn gi cc ni chn tr nhng ni ni trn hay trc tn gi ca
ngi.
2. Trc nhng danh t tru tng tr khi nhng danh t c dng vi ngha c bit.
Men fear death (con ngi s ci cht).
Nhng: The death of the Prime Minister his party without a leader.
(Ci cht ca v Th tng li cho ng ca ng khng ngi lnh o).
3. Sau mt danh t s hu cch (possessive case), hay sau mt tnh t s hu (possessive
adjective).
The boys uncle = the uncle of the boy. (Ch ca cu b).
It is my (blue) book = the (blue) book is mine.
(Cun sch (mu xanh) l ca ti).
4. Trc tn gi cc ba n (nhng hy xem mc 3C) :
The Scots have porridge for breakfast.
(Gia nh Scot dng cho yn mch cho ba im tm).
Nhng:
The wedding breakfast was held in her fathers house. (Ba tic sng ca m ci c
t chc ti nh ca cha c y).
5. Trc tn gi cc mn chi:
He plays golf (Anh ta chi gn).
6. Trc cc b phn c th v cc th qun o khi nhng th ny c dng vi mt tnh
t s hu.
Raise your right hand (a tay phi ca anh ln).
He took off his coat (Anh ta ci o khoc ra).

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

Nhng hy lu cc kiu cu ny:

She seized the childs collar. (B ta tm c o thng b).
I patted his shoulder. (Ti v vai hn).
The brick hit Johns face. (Cc gch p vo mt John).
Cng c th c din t nh sau:
She seized the child by the collar.
I patted him on the shoulder.
The brick hit John in the face.
Tng t trong th ng:
He was hit on the head. (Anh ta b p vo u).
He was cut in the hand. (Anh ta b t tay).
B. Lu rng trong mt s ngn ng u chu, mo t xc nh c dng trc nhng
danh t s nhiu xc nh nhng trong ting Anh th the li khng bao gi c dng theo cch
ny:
Women are expected to like babies.
(Ph n c xem l thch tr em).
Big hotels all over the world are very much the same.
(Cc khch sn ln trn th gii u ging nhau rt nhiu).
Nu chng ta t the trc women v d u th c ngha l chng ta m ch mt nhm
ph n ring bit no.
C. T nature vi ngha l t nhin, thin nhin th khng dng the:
If you interfere with nature you will suffer for it.
(Nu bn lm hng thin nhin th bn s chu hu qu ca n).
Vic b The trc home (nh), church (nh th), hospital (bnh vin), prison (nh
t), school (trng hc) v.v v trc work (cng vic), sea (bin) v town (th x).
A. Home.
Khi home c dng mt mnh, khng ng trc hay theo sau bng mt t hay cm t
miu t th b the:
He is at home (Anh ta nh).
- Home dng mt mnh c th c t ngay sau mt ng t ch s chuyn ng c th
c xem nh mt trng t:
He went home (Anh ta i v nh).
I arrived home after dark. (Ti n nh sau khi tri ti).
Nhng khi home c t trc hay sau mt t hay cm t miu t th n c xem nh
danh t khc vy.
They went to their new home (H i n nh mi ca h).
We arrived at the brides home (Chng ti n nh c du).
For some years this was the home of your queen.
(Trong vi nm, y l qu hng n hong ca bn).
A mud hut was only home he had ever known.
(Cn nh duy nht m hn bit ch l mt ci chi t).
8.

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B. bed, church, court (ta n), hospital, prison, school / college / university (i hc).
The khng c dng trc nhng danh t nu trn khi ngi ta n nhng ni ny vi
mc ch ring bit. Chng ta i:
to bed (i ng), to hospital (i nm bnh vin), to church (i l),
to prison (i t), to court (ra ta), to school / college / university (i i hc).
Tng t chng ta c th;
in bed (i ng), in hospital (i nm bnh vin).
at church (i l), at school (i hc), in court (ra ta) v.v
We can be / get back (be / get home) from school / college / university (chng ta c th
trng / i hc v nh).
Chng ta c th leave school (ri khi trng, tan hc, leave hospital (ra vin), be
released from prison (ra t).
- Khi nhng ni ny ch dng thm ving hay nhng l do khc th cn thit phi c the:
I went to the church to see the stained glass.
(Ti i n nh th xem knh mu).
He goes to the prison sometimes to give lectures.
(Thnh thong ng ta n khm ng ni chuyn).
C. Sea (bin)
Chng ta go the sea (i bin) nh nhng thy th, at sea ( trn bin) nh mt chuyn
hi hnh. Nhng at the sea th li c ngha l sng gn bin.
D. Work (ch lm) v office (c quan, vn phng)
Work = (place of work) (ch lm vic) c dng khng c the:
Hes on his way to work (Anh ta trn ng n ch lm).
He is at work. (Anh ta ch ch lm).
He isnt back from work yet (Anh ta cha i lm v).
- Lu at work cn c ngha l lm vic
hard at work = working hard (lm vic vt v).
Hes hard at work on a new picture.
(Anh ta chm ch v mt bc tranh mi).
- office = (place of work) (c quan vn phng) th cn the:
He is at / in the office (Anh ta ti / trong vn phng).
- To be in office (khng c the) c ngha l gi mt chc v (thng l chnh tr), To be
out of office = to be no longer in power (khng cn quyn hnh na).
E. Town (ph, th x).
Khi town l ca ngi ni th c th b the:
We go to town sometimes to buy clothes.
(Thnh thong chng ti i ph mua qun o).

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We were in town last Monday.

(Chng ti th x hm th hai va ri).
9. This/these, that/those (demonstrative adjectives and pronouns) this/these, that/those l
cc tnh t v i t ch nh:
A. Nu c dng nh tnh t th chng ha hp vi danh t theo s. Chng l nhng tnh
t duy nht theo quy tc ny.
This beach was quite empty last year.
(Nm ngoi bi bin ny hon ton vng ngi).
This exhibition will be open untill the end of May.
(Cuc trin lm ny s m ca cho n cui thng Nm).
These people come from that hotel over there.
(Nhng ngi ny t khch sn ng kia n).
What does that notice say? (Bng thng bo ni g vy?)
That exhibition closed a month ago.
(Cuc trin lm ng ca cch y mt thng).
He was dismissed on th 13th. That night the factory went on fire.
(Anh ta b sa thi vo ngy 13. Ti nh my b chy).
Do you see those birds at the top of the tree?
(Bn c nhn thy nhng con chim trn ngn cy kia khng?)
This /these / that / those + danh t + of + yours/ hers v.v hay Anns v.v i khi dng
nhn mnh thay cho yours / her v.v + danh t:
This diet of mine / my diet isnt having much effect.
(Ch n king ny ca ti khng c kt qu lm).
That car of Anns / Anns car is always breaking down.
(Chic xe ca Ann lun b hng).
* Lu vic hnh thnh cc cm t ny l thng thng nhng khng nht thit l lun lun.
B. This / these / that / those dng nh i t:
This is may umbrella. Thats yours.
(y l ci d ca ti. Kia l ca anh).
These are the old classrooms. Those are the new ones.
(y l nhng lp hc c. Kia l nhng lp hc mi).
Whos that (man over there?) Thats Tom Jones.
(Ai (Ngi n ng ng kia l ai?) l Tom Jones).
Sau mt chng trnh pht thanh:
That was the concerto in C minor by Vivaldi.

C V MAI PHNG - KHA NG PHP

( l bn concerto cung th ca Vivaldi).

This is cng c th c dng trong gii thiu:
ANN (to TOM) : This is my brother Hugh.
ANN (vi Tom) : y l Hugh em trai ti.
ANN (to HUGH) : Hugh, this is Tom Jones.
(ANN (vi Hugh) : Hugh, y l Tom Jones.
Telephone caller : Good morning. This is / I am Tom Jones
(Ngi gi in thoi : Xin cho, y l / Ti l Tom Jones)
Dng I am th hi trang trng hn dng This is v n c dng khi ngi ta gi l mt ngi
l i vi ngi kia. Tn ngi gi + here th km trang trng hn This is.
Those c th c mt mnh quan h xc nh theo sau:
Those who couldnt walk were carried on stretchers.
(Nhng ai khng th i c th c khing trn cng).
This / that c th ch mt danh t, cm t hay mnh c cp trc:
Theyre digging up my road. They do this every summer
(H ang o con ng ca ti. H lm vic ny mi ma h)
He said I wasnt a good wife. Wasnt that a horrible thing to say?
(Anh ta ni rng ti khng phi l mt ngi v tt. khng phi l mt iu kinh khng
ni ?)
C. This/ these, that/ those dng vi one/ ones:
1. Khi c mt s tng so snh hay chn lc, i t one/ ones thng c t sau nhng ch
nh t, nhng khng nht thit tr khi this, v.v c theo sau bi mt tnh t
This chair is too low. Ill sit in that (one)
(Ci gh ny qu thp. Ti s ngi vo ci kia)
I like this (one) best. ( Ti thch ci ny nht)
I like this blue one/these blue ones.
(Ti thch ci mu xanh ny/ nhng ci mu xanh ny)