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1.

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. 24

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(Ambrose, 1984)
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113C
.

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.
(Temnov, 1958).

( 23 33 ),
( 24 34 ), ( 16 32

), ( 16 28 ) ( 24
32 ). 1.
1. (Tulloch, 1980)


%

14
10

35
10

14
6

3
5

4
6

8
5

1
7

2
5
E
12
8

1
5

6
7

100
74

66
10
24
20
20
20
20
20
10
?
?
210

1% .
1, ,

.

:
:
C27 (4%), C29 (2%), C31 (1%),
:
C31:1 (1%), C33:1 (2,5%),
:
C40 (6%), C42, C44 ( 3%), C46 (8%), C48 (6%)

C46:1 (2%), C48:1 (2%)
:
C56, C58, C60 ( 2%), C62 (3%), C64 (1%),
:
C46 (1%)

C24 (6%), C26, C28 ( 1%)

56% 4 (
C40, C46 C48) , (C24) 5% .
46%
.
15- (15--) (72%), 14--
(13%), 16-- (3%), 17-- (4%),
19-- (2%) 23--- (3%).

.
.
(Tulloch, 1980).
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6 g/mg ,
, ,
2 g/mg (Hepburn, 1986).

, ,

(Ambrose, 1984).
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,

(Coggshall 1953).
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(, 1992).
(Simpson & Fairey, 1966),
(63-65C), (Tulloch, 1980).
, , ,
(Rose, 1987).

0,418 0,5551 cal.g-1 oC-1 (Timbers et al,
1977). -

0,279 0,304 W/m.oC

0,271 0,299 W/m.oC
. -
2 (Timbers &
Gochnauer, 1982).
2. 2 5
(Timbers & Gochnauer, 1982).
- (W/m.oC)
C


40
0,29770,00043
0,2915 0,0042
25
0,27980,0021
0,27550,0023
15
0,28040,0021
0,27100,0039
0
0,28100,0036
0,27380,0041
-15
0,30410,0084
0,29930,0049
22 40C
6-8% 15C 15C 8-10% 15C.


(Timbers & Gochnauer, 1982).

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3
3. ()

75 C

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<1%
0,4398-1,4451
61-65 C
17-22
70-90
87-102


14,5%

.
.
(saponidication cloud
test) .
9-14.
.
( )
.
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.
1 20 mg/kg .

.
4
4. (MRL)


MRL mg/kg
Cymiazol
1
Fluvalinate
0,05
Amitraz
0,2
Flumethrin
0,005
Coumaphos
0,1
Para-dichrorobenzene
0,05
Thymol
0,8

0,01
.
1
.
0,1

,
. 1973

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1908 , ,
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Tulloch (1980), ,
.
(A.
dorsata, A. cerana A. florea)
A. mellifera.

25
31 33
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( ) (, 1994).
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(Wells, 1977).

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11

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.
(Olariu et al, 1983)
()
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, -
.
38%
- , 47%

), 32%
- 55%
.
.
.
,

. Merck (1970),
, ,
, , , .
40-50% ,
TiO2 (Wells, 1977).

. Krowszunski et al, 1973,
,


. ,
.

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Products - A Book Review. American Bee Journal 124(11): 792.
2. CARLILE B. (1975) How to handle beeswax. American Bee Journal 115
(3): 182-183.
3. COGGSHALL W.L. (1953) Secretion and Coloration of Beeswax. American
Bee Journal 93 (7): 287-289.
4. GEBREYESUS M. (1978) Some Aspects of the Beeswax Shortage in
World Markets. American Bee Journal 118 (4): 265-266.
5. GROUT R.A. (1953) The Importance of Beeswax. American Bee Journal
93 (7): 286.
6. HEPBURN H.R. (1986) Chapter 5. Composition and synthesis of beeswax
44-56pp. Chapter 12. Pollen and wax production 139-144pp. In

12

HONEYBEES AND WAX. Spiringer - Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

London Paris Tokyo 205pp.
7. . (1992) .
6 (11): 330-333.
8. . (1994) . .
8 (12)454-456.
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effects of the combs uncapping product. In Proccedings of the XXIXth
International Congress of Apiculture. Budapest. Apimondia 408pp.
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(10): 308-309.
11.ROSE E.A. (1987) Products of the Hive and Their Uses. American Bee
Journal 127(8): 527.
12.SIMPSON J., FAIREY M.E. (1966) How Effeciently Can Wax be Ectracted
from Old Brood Combs by Simple Methods. American Bee Journal 106 (7):
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13.THURBER P.F. (1984) A Honey - Wax Seperator for a Solar Melter.
American Bee Journal 124 (1): 15.
14.TIMBERS G.E., ROBERTSON G.D., GOCHNAUER T.A. (1977) Thermal
properties of beeswax and beeswax-paraffin mixtures. Journal of
Apicultural Research 16 (1): 49-52.
15.TIMBERS G.E., GOCHNAUER T.A. (1982) Note on the thermal
conductivity of beeswax. Journal of Apicultural Research 21 (4): 234-235.
16.TULLOCH A.P. (1980) Beeswax-composition and analysis. Bee World 61
(2): 47-58.
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