KHO ST V DNG TH T NGHCH

Gii thiu
Vic phn tch cc thnh phn th t gi mt vai tr quan trng trong vic phn
tch cc s c trn li v gii thch c mt s hin tng trn h thng in. Vic
phn tch ny quan trng v dng in th t nghch c th gy ra h hng trn r-to,
m nhng h hng ny rt c hi cho cc thit b in quay nh ng c v my pht.
Bi vit Tutorial of the Protection of Synchronous Generators (95 TP 102) ng
trn IEEE c mt tuyn b rng ti thi im mt cn bng, s to ra dng in th t
nghch. Dng in thnh phn th t nghch ny quay ngc chiu vi chiu quay ca
r-to. Tuyn b ny cha hon ton chnh xc. Cc dng in thnh phn th t
thun, th t nghch v th t khng phi hp tuyn tnh vi dng in pha; nh vy,
vc-t ca mi dng in thnh phn s quay cng chiu vi dng in pha. (Xem li
bn ca ngi dch, trang cui )
Thng thng gc pha c so vi mt vc-t chun v chiu quay pha ca vect
th t nghch thng c b qua. Trong bi vit Stvandard for Synchrophasors for
Power Systems(C37.118-2005) ca IEEE, gc pha tuyt i cng b b qua. C th
nh gi l lm r chiu ca dng in th t nghch nhm trnh nhng ri lon
in th trong my o ng b pha.
Trc ht, trang ny gii thiu v nguyn l ca cc thnh phn th t. Sau
s gii thch tt c cc thnh phn u quay cng chiu vi nhau. Trong my in
quay, vc-t dng in th t nghch quay cng chiu quay vi r-to. Vn l t
thng do dng in th t nghch to ra mi quay ngc chiu vi r-to. Nh vy r-to
s ct ngang t thng ny vi tc gp i tc ng b v sinh ra dng in xoy
cm ng trn r-to vi tn s gp i tn s li.
I. Gc quay pha
Trong mt h thng in, gc quay pah c xc nh nh l mt phm vi ca
h thng 3 pha cn bng. Trn mt h thng 3 pha cn bng, cc pha a, b, c c bin
bng nhau, v lch pha vi nhau 120. Nu pha a vt trc pha b 120 v pha b
vt trc pha c by 120, th h thng ny c chiu quay abc. Nu pha a tr sau pha b
120 v pha b tr sau pha c 120, h thng ny c chiu quay acb. Cc vc-t ch th
chiu quay pha c v trn hnh 1.

Chiu quay pha abc

Hnh 1. Chiu quay pha

Chiu quay pha acb

II. Khi nim v cc thnh phn th t

Cc thnh phn th t, hay cn gi l cc thnh phn i xng c C. L.
Fortescue gii thiu cch y mt th k. Trong phn ny chng ta s xem xt nguyn
l ca cc thnh phn th t [1] [2].
2.1 nh ngha cc thnh phn th t
Trong phng php phn tch cc thnh phn i xng, cc vc-t 3 pha khng
cn bng ta nh ngha
Thnh phn th t thun bao gm 3 vc-t in p, k hiu l Va(1), Vb(1), Vc(1), c
bin bng nhau, lch nhau mt gc 120, v Va(1) vt trc Vb(1) 120, Vb(1)
vt trc Vc(1) 120.
Thnh phn th t khng bao gm 3 vc-t in p k hiu l Va(2), Vb(2), Vc(2), c
bin bng nhau, lch nhau mt gc 120, v Va(2) chm sau Vb(2) 120, Bb(2)
chm sau Vc(2) 120.
Thnh phn th t khng bao gm 3 vc-t in p, k hiu l Va(0), Vb(0), Vc(0), c
bin bng nhau v khng lch pha vi nhau.
Hnh 2 th hin nh ngha cc thnh phn bng ha.

Th t thun

Th t nghch
Th t khng
Hnh 2. nh ngha cc vc-t thnh phn

Trong mt h thng c chiu quay pha acb, nh ngha v thnh phn th t

thun v th t nghch s hon chuyn, ngha l:
Thnh phn th t thun bao gm 3 vc-t in p, k hiu l Va(1), Vb(1), Vc(1), c
bin bng nhau, lch nhau mt gc 120, v Va(1) chm sau Vb(1) 120,
Vb(1)chm sau Vv(1) 120.
Thnh phn th t thun bao gm 3 vc-t in p, k hiu l Va(2), Vb(2), Vc(2),
c bin bng nhau, lch nhau mt gc 120, v Va(2) vt trc Vb(2) 120,
Vv(2) vt truc Vc(2) 120.


nh ngha ca thnh phn th t khng vn nh c bt k l h thng c gc
quay pha l abc hay acb. Nu khng c ch nh g c bit, mt h thng mc nh l
c chiu quay pha abc.
2.2 Tnh ton cc thnh phn th t trong h thng vc-t khng cn bng
Vi nhng gii thiu v cc thnh phn th t, chng ta thy mt h ba vc-t
khng cn bng c th c phn tch thnh ba h vc t thnh phn cn bng, ngha
l thnh phn th t thun, thnh phn th t nghch, v thnh phn th t khng.
Hnh 3 cho thy 3 b vc-t thnh phn cn bng c phn tch t 1 h vc-t 3 pha
khng cn bng.

Th t thun
Th t nghch
Th t khng
Hnh 3. Cc vc t thnh phn th t ca mt h 3 vc t khng cn bng
Chng ta hy ly mt v d v b 3 vc-t khng cn bng Va , Vb , v Vc . Chng
ta bit mi vc-t l tng ca 3 vc-t thnh phn th t thun, th t nghch v th
t khng, ngha l ,
Va=Va(0)+Va(1)+Va(2)

(1)

Vb=Vb(0)+Vb(1)+Vb(2)

(2)

Vc=Vc(0)+Vc(1)+Vc(2)

(3)

Hnh 4 cho thy tng vc t ca cc thnh phn th t cho mi pha.

Hnh 4. Tng vc t ca cc thnh phn th t khc nhau trn mi pha

Chng ta bit rng c n 9 n s trong h 3 phng trnh t (1) n (3). Tuy

nhin chng ta ch c 3 bin s c lp. Chng ta hy chn Va(0), Va(1) , v Va(2) l
nhng bin s c lp. T nh ngha cc thnh phn th t ta c:
Vb(0)=Va(0), Vc(0)=Va(0)

(4)

Nu ta nh ngha mt ton t,
a=1<120

(5)

khi
a2=1<240
Chng ta c nhng phng trnh sau t nh ngha ca cc thnh phn th t
thun v th t nghch,
Vb(1)=a2Va(1), Vc(1)=aVa(1)

(6)

Vb(2)=aVa(2), Vc(1)+a2Va(2)

(7)

Thay th t cc phng trnh (4), (6) v (7) vo cc phng trnh (2) v (3), h
thogn61 cc phng trnh (1), (2) v (3) c th vit,

Va=Va(0)+Va(1)+Va(2)

(8)

Vb=Va(0)+a2Va(1)+aVa(2)

(9)

Vc=Va(0)+aVa(1)+a2Va(2)

(10)

By gi chng ta c 3 n s Va(0), Va(1), Va(2) vi 3 phng trnh. Gii h phng

trnh tuyn tnh ny chng ta c
Va(0)=1/3(Va+Vb+Vc)

(11)

Va(1)=1/3(Va+aVb+a2Vc)

(12)

Va(2)=1/3(Va+a2Vb+aVc)

(13)

Ly mt v d h thng 3 pha khng cn bng vi in p gia pha v t l

Va=53<43.5, Vb=107<229.5 v Vc=67<205.5. Thay cc gi tr ny v gi tr ca phng
trnh (5) vo cc phng trnh t (11)~(13), chng ta c c Va(0)=39.17<-141.15,
Va(1)=56.95<29.36 v Va(2)=38.35<59.76.
Cc phng trnh (11), (12) v (13) khng ch cho chng ta cch tnh ton cc
thnh phn bng phng php ton hc, m cn cho ta phng php ha tnh
n. Thnh phn in p th t khng bng 1/3 ca tng ba vec t khng cn bng.
T phng trnh (11), thnh phn th t khng bng 1/3 tng ca 3 vc-t 3 pha.
Hnh 5 biu th kt qu tnh ton ca thnh phn th t khng pha a.

Figure 5. Derivation of pha a zero sequence component

Phng trnh (12) th hin phng php v thnh phn th t thun ca pha a.
Ton t a nhn vi mt vc-t tng ng vi quay vc-t 120 ngc chiu kim
ng h. Ton t a2 nhn vi mt vc-t tng ng vi quay vc-t 240 ngc
chiu kim ng h, hoc 120 theo chiu kim ng h. c c thnh phn th t
thun ca pha a, Vb cn xoay i 120 ngc chiu kim ng h, v Vc cn quay i 120
theo chiu kim ng h. Sau , cc vc-t xoay i v Va cng li vi nhau v
chia cho 3. Hnh 6 hin th cch v thnh phn th t thun ca pha a.

Hnh 6. Cch v thnh phn th t thun ca pha a

Tng t, v thnh phn th t nghch ca pha a, Vb cn xoay i 120 theo
chiu kim ng h v Vc cn xoay i 120 ngc chiu kim ng h. Sau , vc-t
xoay v vc t Va s c cng vi nhau, ri chia 3. Hnh 7 hin th cch v thnh
phn th t nghch ca pha a.

Figure 7. Derivation of pha a negative sequence component

Vi cc vc-t thnh phn th t Va(0) , Va(1), v Va(2), vi pha b v pha c c th tnh ton
d dng bng cc phng trnh (4), (6), v (7).
2.3 Chiu quay ca cc thnh phn th t
Trong my in quay, nh cc my pht v ng c, chiu quay pha ca in p
v dng in so vi r-to khng ph thuc vo h thng c cn bng hay khng. Trong
trng hp bnh thng, h thng cn bng hoc gn cn bng, thnh phn th t
thun s chim u th. Khio h thng b mt cn bng, s c du hiu xut hin cc
thnh phn th t nghch v / hoc th t khng. Bi vit Tutorial of the Protection of
Synchronous Generators (95 TP 102) ca IEEE c mt on sau y trong chng Bo
v mt cn bng: trong iu kin mt cn bng, s sinh ra dng in th t nghch.
Dng in thnh phn th t nghch ny quay ngc chiu vi r-to. T trng ca
dng in ny khi nhn t r-to s c tn s gp i tn s ng b do chiu quay
ngc kt hp vi chiu ca r-to [3]. Pht biu ny s lm cho ngi c nhm ln
rng dng in thnh phn th t thun quay cng chiu vi r-to v dng in thnh
phn th t nghch quay ngc chiu vi r-to. (Xem li bn ca ngi dch, trang cui )

Tuy nhin, t hnh 4, cho thy thnh phn th t nghch khng th quay ngc
chiu vi thnh phn th t thun hoc thnh phn th t khng. T cc phng trnh
(11)~(13), tt c cc thnh phn ny quan h bc nht vi cc vc-t dng in pha.
iu ny ni ln rng cc dng in thnh phn th t thun, th t nghch v th t
khng u quay cng chiu vi h thng vc-t 3 pha. (Xem li bn ca ngi dch,
trang cui )
Nhng mi ngi u bit rng dng in thnh phn th t nghch c th gy ra
pht nng nhanh chngv gay nhiu tc hi cho r-to. hiu r hn na iu ny,
chng ta cn hiu v mi lin h gia dng in v t trng trong my in.
III. Phn tch t trng trong my in quay
Khi dng in chy qua mt dy dn, n to ra t trng. Cng t trng t
l vi cng dng in. Quan h gia t trng v dng in c cho bi
(14)
Trong l dn t ca vt kiu. V l mt hng s v hng, nn vc-t
trng phng vi vc-t
. Chiu ca vc-t
hoc
c xc nh bi quy tc
vn nt chai hoc quy tc nm bn tay phi (Right Hv Grip Rule). Trong hnh 8, dng
in I chy qua dy dn theo chiu ch bi mi tn trng to ra mt t trng
xung
quanh dy dn theo chiu ca mi tn . Quan h gia dng in I v cng t
trng

ti mt im cch xa dy dn mt khong cch r bng

(15)

Hnh 8. Quy tc nm bn tay phi (t Wikipedia)

Chng ta hy xt mt my in n gin 3 pha 2 cc. Sta-to ca my c cc b
cun dy, t lch nhau 120 trong khng gian, nh v trn hnh 9.

Hnh 9. Dy qun ca my in n gin 3 pha, 2 cc

Trong hnh 9, mi vng trn trong mi rnh i din cho mt phn ca dy qun
sta-to. Du chm c ngha dng in i ra khi v du ch thp c ngha dng in
i vo trasng giy. Pha a, b, v c c cc dy qun aa' ,bb' v cc' tng ng.
Khi ba pha khng cn bng, dng in khng cn bng s c phn tch thnh
cc dng in thnh phn 3 pha cn bng, ngha l cc thnh phn th t khng, th
t thun v th t nghch. Chng ta s nghin cu t trng ca cc thnh phn ny
trong cc chng sau. Trong cc chng t 3.1 ~ 3.3, Chng ta s nghin cu t
trng ca cc thnh phn ti tm ca r-to. Trong chng 3.4, chng ta s nghin
cu t trng to ra do cc dng in thnh phn cc im khc vi tm trc ca rto.

3.1 T trng to ra do dng in th t khng

Cc dng in th t khng, theo nh nh ngha c ln v gc lch bng
vi nhau, v c biu din bi
i0aa=I0 sin( t)
i0bb=I0 sin( t)

(16)

i0cc=I0 sin( t)
S dng quy tc nm bn tay phi, chiu ca cc vc-t t trng sinh ra c v
trn hnh 10. tnh ton ton hc, vc-t mt t trng l
0aa=B0

sin( t)<0=sin(t)

(17)

0bb=B0

sin( t)<120=sin(t)ej120

(18)

0cc=B0

sin( t)<-120=sin(t)e-j120

(19)

, r l bn knh ca sta-to.

Trong

Do cc dy qun aa' ,bb' v cc' lch nhau 120, chiu ca cc t trng sinh ra do
dng in th t khng c v trong hnh 10. Tng cc t trng sinh ra do dng
in th t khng bng vi tng ca t trng ca mi dng in th t khng ca
tng pha sinh ra. V dng in th t khng ca cc pha a, b v c chnh xc bng
nhau, nn cc t trng sinh ra s cn bng v tng t trng c sinh ra t dng
in th t khng s bng 0.

Hnh 10. Hnh 10: chiu ca t trng sinh ra do cc dng in

tnh ton, ta c
0=

0aa+

0bb+

0cc

=B0 sin( t)+B0sin(t)ej120+B0sin(t)e-j120

(20)

=B0 sin( t)(1+ej120+e-j120)

=0
Chng t rng khng c t trng c sinh ra trbn r-to do dng in th t
khng trn sta-to.
3.2 T trng sinh ra do dng in th t thun

Cc thnh phn th t thun, nh nh ngha c th din t:

I1aa=I1 sin( t)
I1bb=I1 sin( t-120)

(21)

I1cc=I1 sin( t+120)

Chng ta tip tc gi nh rng chiu ca dng in khng thay i, chiu ca
vc-t t thng s gi nh trong hnh 10. Vi dng th t thun, v tr s tc thi ca
dng in mi pha khng bng nhau, nh vy t thng tng s khc 0. Tng t nh
trng hp dng in th t khng, t thng pht sinh t dng in th t thun c
th c biu th nh sau
1aa=B1

sin( t)<0=B1 sin( t)

(22)

1bb=B1sin(t-120)<120=B1sin(t-120)ej120

(23)

1cc=B1sin(t+120)<-120=B1sin(t+120)e-j120

(24)

Trong
, r l bn knh ca sta-to.
Tng ca 3 vc-t t thng l
1=

1aa+

1bb+

1cc

=B1sin(t)+B1(sin(t-120)ej120+B1(sin(t)+120)e-j120
=B1sin(t)+B1(sin(t)cos120-cos(t)sin120)ej120+
B1(sin(t)cos120 +cos(t)sin120)e-j120
=B1sin(t)+B1sin(t)cos120(ej120+e-j120)-B1cos(t)sin120(ej120-e-j120)
=B1sin(t)+B1sin(t)cos120(2cos(120))-B1cos(t)sin120(2jsin(120))

=-j

B1(sin(t)-icos(tt))=3/2 B1(-j2sin()-i(cos(t))

B1(cos()+jsin())

=-j

B1ejt

(25)

T phng trnh (25), ta thy bin ca t thng sinh ra do cc dng in th

t thun khng i. Ngoi ra vc t t thng ny s quay ngc chiu kim ng h vi
tc gc l . Hnh 11 (a), (b), (c) v (d) biu din t thng tng c sinh ra do
dng th t thun cc thi im tng ng vi t=0,90,180 v 270. Trong hnh
9 ta thy r-to ca my cng quay ngc chiu kim ng h vi tc gc cng bng
. V khng c tc tng i gia t trng quay v rto, nn khng c dng in
xay sinh ra trn thn r-to. iu ny cho thy dng in 3 pha cn bng hoc dng
in th t thun s khng gy ra cc vn pht nng trn phn li ca r-to.

Figure 11. Flux induced by positive sequence currents rotates anticlockwise

3.3 T thng sinh ra do dng in th t nghch

Vi cc dng in thnh phn th t nghch, vic phn tch cugn4 tng t vi

vic phn tch dng in thnh phn th t thun. 3 dogn2 in thnh phn th t
nghch c biu din:
I2aa=I2sin(t)
I2bb=I2sin(t+120)

(26)

I2cc=I2sin(t-120)
Chiu ca t thng pht sinh do dng in th t nghch s tng t nh trong
trng hp th t khng v th t thun, nh v trn hnh 10. Cc phng trnh ton
hc:
2aa=B2sin(t)

(27)

2bb=B2sin(t+120)ej120

(28)

2cc=B2sin(t-120)e-j120

(29)

Trong
, r l bn knh ca sta-to.
Tng ca 3 vc-t t thng l
2=

2aa+

2bb+

2cc

=B2sin(t)+B2(sin(t+120)ej120+B2(sin(t-120)e-j120
=B2sin(t)+B2(sin(t)cos120+cos(t)sin120)ej120+
B2(sin(t)cos120 -cos(t)sin120)e-j120
=B2sin(t)+B2sin(t)cos120(ej120+e-j120)+B2cos(t)sin120(ej120-e-j120)
=B2sin(t)+B2sin(t)cos120(2cos(120))-B2cos(t)sin120(2jsin(120))

=-j

B2(sin(t)+jcos(t))

B2(cos()+jsin())

=-j

B2e-jt

(30)

T phng trnh (30), chng ta thy vc-t t trngc pht sinh t dng in
th t nghch s quay theo chiu kim ng h vi tc gc l . Hnh 12 (a), (b), (c)
v (d) cho thy t thng tng pht sinh t dng in thnh phn th t nghch ti cc
thi im tng ng vi t = 0, 90, 180 v 270. Do r-to quay ngc chiu kim
ng h vi tc gc , vc t t thng s quay vi tc gc l 2 theo chiu kim
ng h so vi r-to.
Dng in cm ng ti trc r-to s c tn s gp i. Dng in cm ng ny s
gy nng r-to nhanh chng v c th gy ra h hng cch in v / hoc cc vn
c hc

Hnh 12. T thng pht sinh do dng in th t nghch quay theo chiu kim ng h

3.4 T thng ti mt im thng thng trn r-to

Chng ta phn tch t thng ti tm r-to center. Kt lun v t thng pht
sinh ti tm ca r-to c th khng suy rng c ng vi bt k im no trn thn
r-to. Vic tnh ton ton hc cho t thng ny rt phc tp, v mt phng trnh
thng dng khng th bao qut ht nhng mi lin h gia t thng pht sinh v cc

dng in thnh phn th t trn cun dy sta-to sinh ra n. Trong phn ny, chng ta
th phn tch ton hc v xc nh gi tr t thng pht sinh ti mt im nm gia
ng t tm trc n cun dy sta-to do dng in pha a sinh ra.
Trong hnh 13, im A nm khong cch gia tm r-to v dy qun pha a. 6
vc-t t thng m t trn hnh 13 theo quy lut nm bn tay phi. V <DAE+<EAC=90
v <ACE+<EAC=90 , ta c <=<ECA .

Hnh 13. T thng pht sinh khong gia tm trc v dy dn pha a

Vi mt s phn tch hnh hc v lng gic, ta c

(31)
Quan h gia dng in v t thng pht sinh c cho trong phng trnh (15).
V chng ta ch quan tm n vic so snh tc ng ca cc dng in thnh phn th
t, nn h s /2 c b qua, v chng ta n gin s dng B=I/r trong vic phn
tch di y.
Cc thnh phn x v y ca cc vc-t t thng pht sinh bi dng in thnh
phn mi pha s c biu th di y,

Bax=2sin(t)

(32)

Bay=0

(33)

(34)
Bapy=0

(35)
(36)

(37)
Bbpx=0

(38)

(39)

(40)
(41)
Bcpx=0

(42)

(43)
Cc phng trnh trn ng vi cc dng in thnh phn th t khng, th t
thun v th t nghch vi cc gi tr xc nh, ngha l,
=0, cho thnh phn th t khng
=120, cho thnh phn th t thun
=-120, cho thnh phn th t nghch

(44)

Vi cc thnh phn t thng pht sinh t mi dng in thnh phn th t trn

dy qun sta-to, chng ta kt hp cc thnh phn c v y ca t thng ca cc t thng
thnh phn ti im A,
Bx=Bax+Bapx+Bbx+Bbpx+Bcx+Bcpx

=2sin( t)+

(sin(t)-

sin(t)cos-

sin(t+)cos

sin(t)-

sin(t-)+sin(t+))cos

sin(t)-

sin(t)coscos

=(

(45)

coscos)sin(t)

By=Bay+Bapy+Bby+Bbpy+Bcy+Bcpy
=

sin(t-)sin+

sin(sin(t-)-sin(t+))+

sin sincos(t)-

=(

sin(t-)-

sin(t+)sin-

sin(t+)

(sin(t-)-sin(t+)

sincos(t)

sin)sincos(t)

(46)

=Bx+jBy
=(

coscos)sin(t)+j[(

+
sin)sincos(t)]
(47)
Thay th phng trnh (31) v (44) vo phng trnh (47) v thc hin mt s
thao tc ton hc, chng ta c cc vc-t t thng pht sinh t cc dng in dng
in thnh phn th t khng, th t thun v th t nghch tng ng trong cc
phng trnh (48), (49) v (50).

1=3.2381sin(t)-j2.8571cos(t)=j3.2381e jt+j0.381cos(t)

(48)

2=3.2381sin(t)+j2.8571cos(t)=j3.2381e jt-j0.381cost

(49)

(50)
T nhng phng trnh trn, chng ta thy cc vct t thng ti im A khng
quay vi tc gc c nh . Chng ta cng thy rng -j3.2381ejt l mt thnh
0=1.5238sin(t)

jt
phn ch yu ca
l mt thnh phn ch yu ca
1 v j3.2381e
2 . iu ny
ni ln t thng pht sinh do dng in th t thun quay cng chiu quay vi r-to v
t thng pht sinh do dong in th t nghch quay ngc chiu quay vi r-to. S
dng cc phng trnh t (48)~(50), chng ta c th tnh ton t thng bt k thi
im t no cho mi dng in thnh phn. Bng 1 lit k cc t thng pht sinh t
cc dng in thnh phn th t thun, th t nghch v th t khng ti cc thi
im t khc nhau. Lu rng bin ca t thng ch l quan h mang ngha
tng i, gi s rng mi dng in thnh phn u c bin bng nhau.
Bng I. Vc t t thng pht sinh ti cc gc khc nhau

t
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330

Th t thun
|B1|
|B1|gc
2.86
270.00
2.96
303.20
3.15
333.00
3.24
0.00
3.14
27.00
2.96
56.80
2.86
90.00
2.96
123.20
3.15
153.00
3.24
180.00
3.15
207.00
2.96
236.80

Th t nghch
|B2|
|B2|gc
2.86
90.00
2.96
56.80
3.15
27.00
3.24
0.00
3.14
333.00
2.96
303.20
2.86
270.00
2.96
236.80
3.15
207.00
3.24
180.00
3.15
153.00
2.96
123.20

Th t khng
|B0|
|B0|gc
0.00
0
0.76
0
1.32
0
1.52
0
1.32
0
0.76
0
0.00
180
0.76
180
1.32
180
1.52
180
1.32
180
0.76
180

Bng I chng minh rng t thng ti mt im thng thng bn trong r-to

khng hon chnh xc vi t thng tm trc r-to. Tuy nhin cng c th cho ta thy
t thng pht sinh do dng in thnh phn th t thun v c bn l quay cng chiu
vi chiu quay ca r-to v t thng pht sinh t dng in thnh phn th t nghch
v c bn s quay ngc chiu vi chiu quay ca r-to. V dng in m ng l do s
thay i ca t thng, nn dng in cm ng ca t thng c to ra do dng in
th t nghch sinh ra trn r-to s cao hn rt nhiu so vi dng in do t thng pht
sinh t dng in th t thun.
T vic phn tch t thng tm r-to, chng ta ch ra cc dng in thnh
phn th t gy nn nhng p ng khc nhau nh th no. Dng in thnh phn
th t khng khng pht sinh ra t trng ti tm r-to. Dng in th t thun pht
sinh ra t trng quay ng hnh vi r-to v khng to ra dng in cm ng no
trn r-to. Dng in thnh phn th t nghch pht sinh ra t thng quay cng tc
nhng ngc chiu vi chiu quay trn. S thay i ca t thng trn r-to cm ng

trn r-to dng in cm ng ln v c th gy nhiu nh hng c hi n my pht

hoc ng c.
nhng im thng thng khc trn thn r-to, vic phn tch t thng s phc
tp hn nhiu v vt qu phm vi ca bi vit ny. Nhng trong vic nghin cu ti
mt im khong gia tm trc v dy qun sta-to, chng ta c th ni t thng do
dng in th t nghch sinh ra s quay ngc chiu vi chiu quay ca r-to. Dng
in th t nghch s to ra nhiu h hng trn r-to so vi cc dogn2 in thnh phn
khc.
IV. Kt lun
Cc vc t thnh phn th t lin kt tuyn tnh vi vc-t dogn2 in ba pha.
Chng quay cng chiu vi dng in ba pha. Khi my in vn hnh trng thi
khng cn bng dng in th t nghch s c tc hi nng nht. Dng in thnh
phn th t nghch to ra t trng quay cng chiu quay vi r-to v cm ng ra
dng in rt t trn r-to. Dng in thnh phn th t nghch sinh ra t trng quay
quay ngc vi chiu quay ca r-to. S thay i t thng rt nhiu trn r-to ng vi
dng in thnh phn th t nghch to nn cc im pht nng gy hi nhiu cho
my pht v ng c.
Ti liu tham kho
[1] John Grainger, William Stevenson, Power System Analysis, McGraw-Hill, Inc,
1994.
[2] Mike Basler, Arjun Godhwani, Pranesh Rao, Jeff Burnworth, Excitation Control
Systems, Basler Electric, 2009.
[3] IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Tutorial on the Protection of
Synchronous Generators, 95 TP 102.
Ngun: dnh t bi vit :
A REVIEW OF NEGATIVE SEQUENCE CURRENT
Tc gi:

John Wang, Basler Electric Company, Highland IL 62249

Randy Hamilton, Basler Electric Company, Highland IL 62249
Dch bi PQT.

Li bn ca ngi dch:
Sau khi c k bi vit ny, ta c nhn xt sau:
1. Bi vit phn tch cc thnh phn ca dng in - in p 3 pha rt hay, ch
dng nhng cng thc s phc v cng thc lng gic c bn. Rt t ti liu no phn
tch k nh ti liu ny.

rng

2. Bi vit nh gi mt s bi vit khc l cha chnh xc, v cc bi vit trn ni

...trong iu kin mt cn bng, s sinh ra dng in th t nghch. Dng in

thnh phn th t nghch ny quay ngc chiu vi r-to. T trng ca dng
in ny khi nhn t r-to s c tn s gp i tn s ng b do chiu quay
ngc kt hp vi chiu ca r-to...
T , bi vit khng nh

Pht biu ny s lm cho ngi c nhm ln rng dng in thnh phn

th t thun quay cng chiu vi r-to v dng in thnh phn th t nghch
quay ngc chiu vi r-to.
Tuy nhin, t hnh 4, cho thy thnh phn th t nghch khng th quay
ngc chiu vi thnh phn th t thun hoc thnh phn th t khng. T cc
phng trnh (11)~(13), tt c cc thnh phn ny quan h bc nht vi cc vct dng in pha. iu ny ni ln rng cc dng in thnh phn th t thun,
th t nghch v th t khng u quay cng chiu vi h thng vc-t 3 pha.
iu ny, theo kin ch quan ca ngi dch, c bi vit khc v bi vit ny
u khng ng, v dng in khng quay theo r-to hay ngc chiu r-to. Quy c
vc-t quay, l quy c theo mt chiu c nh (theo chiu dng, ngc chiu kim
ng h). V vec-t quay ch quay trong h ta -Cc thi, ch khng quay trong
khng gian ca my in. Ch c t trng do dng in sinh ra mi quay.