Professional Documents
Culture Documents
020 - Aleksandar Aleksić - Diplomski.
020 - Aleksandar Aleksić - Diplomski.
:
A 219/2006
, 2012
:
1. ....................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.
.................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 .....................................................................4
1.1.2 ................5
1.1.3 ....................................6
2. ................................................................................................................. 9
2.1 .............................................................9
2.2 ........................................................................10
3. .......................................................................14
3.1. ............................................................................... 17
3.2. ...........................................................................18
3.2.1. ........19
4. ...............................21
4.1. ....................................................22
4.1.1.
..................................................................22
4.1.2.
................................................................................................... 24
4.1.3.
.................................................................................................. 24
4.2. .........................25
4.2.1. ............................................................................. 26
4.2.2. ................................................................................ 27
4.2.3. ........................................................................... 28
4.2.4. 28
5. .............................................28
5.1.
.................................................................................... 29
5.2.
.................................................................................. 29
6. ................................................................................................. 31
6.1. ...................................................31
Page 2
6.1.1 ............................................33
7................................................................................................................ 35
7.1 MVSP(multi variate statistical package) ............43
8. ............................................................................................................. 48
............................................................................................................. 49
Page 3
1.
1.1.
1.1.1
. :
1.
2. .
,
() .
.
()
() 10. 10 : 0,1,2, ... ,9.
:
( n n 1 n 2 ...1 0 , 1 2 ...)10 , i 0,1,...,9 , (i Z )
, :
M ( n 10n n 1 10
n 1 n 2 10
n 2 ...
1 101 0 100 1 101 2 10
2 ...).
. 1850.
2 0 1,
.
( m m 1...1 0 , 1...) 2
i 0,1 ,
(i Z )
1
M ' ( m 2m m 1 2m1 ... 1 21 0 20 1 2
...)
3 5
.
() 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 7.
() 16
0,1,.., 9, 0,1, 2,3, 4 i 5 .
Page 4
p
, . p N \ 1 . ( p),
.
1.1.2
,
( 1.1 1.2):
+2
*2
10
1.1
1.2
1.3:
1.3
+8
10
10
11
10
11
12
10
11
12
13
10
11
12
13
14
6
7
*8
6
07
7
1
10
10
2
11
11
3
12
12
4
13
13
5
14
14
6
15
15
7
16
10
12
14
16
11
14
17
22
25
10
14
20
24
30
34
12
17
24
31
36
43
14
22
30
36
44
52
16
25
34
43
52
61
1.4:
Page 5
1.4
, 10,
(
, 10).
1.1.3
,
, .
p q, ( p, q N \ 1 ). p q :
( pn ... p2 p1 p0 , p1 p2 ....) p , pi 0,1,..., ( p 1) ,
(qm ...q2 q1q0 , q1q2 ....) q , qi 0,1,..., (q 1) , (i z ).
p q :
M pn p n ... p2 p 2 p1 p1 p0 p0 p1 p 1 p2 p 2 ...
1 4 4 4 4 4 42 4 4 4 4 4 43 1 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 3
M ''
M'
0
M qm q m ... q2 q 2 q1 q1 q0 q
q q 1 q 2 q 2 ...
4 43
1 4 4 4 4 44 2 4 4 4 4 4 43 114 4 4 24
M'
M ''
p q q.
q, :
Page 6
M ' pn p n ... p2 p 2 p1 p1
q
q
p0 p0
0
qm q n ... q2 q 2 q1 q1 q0 q
q
qm q n 1 ... q2 q1 q1 q0 q0
1 4 4 4 44 2 4 4 4 4 43 ,
q
M1'
M '
M
q
M'
, q0
q
M ' q.
'
1
'
M 1 , q1
'
'
q. M i q . i=m M m qm .
M '' p q
: q q-1
M1
".
M ' q ( p1 p 1 p2 p2 ...)
q
(q1 q 1 q2 q 2 ...) q q1 q2 p1 ...
1 42 43
M1''
M1
" ,
q 2 ,
. .
.
p ( q) q, p q k (k N \ 1 , m 1, 1 ),
p q
:
m
1. m 1 , p
q.
2. m 1 , :
a) p ,
, ;
Page 7
b) -
p, q,
,
, 1.5:
N
p3
P2
P1
P0
0
1
1.5
()
.
().
-
(
).
Page 8
2.
2.1
. .
, .
.
A = B ( x)(x A x B).
B, B:
A B ( x) ( x A x B ).
() , , .
, , .
: A.
A A B, A B A B.
A B
:
A B ={x | x A /\ x B }.
A B ,
. A B = .
A B
A B:
A B = {x | x A
x B }.
A B A B, .
A \ B = { x | x A /\ x B}.
Page 9
(a,b) ,
, . ( )
, b ( ). n n .
B
, B. x B.
2.2
, .
,
. ,
.
)
. ,
. . , ,
, .
.
, . .
.
. :
Page 10
, :
.
, , . :
)(
),
. a :
-,
.
, ,
.
,
.
() je
, .
x, .
.
.
.
.
.
, . .
( ).
, .
Page 11
R B (
R :
{
, x y
B.
}={z
. x x
B x).
(x
x y B, y x.
x y , y z
, x z.
. A
B.
B:
{z
, B,
R. B
.
:
={
-Pleurotus ostreatus,
judae,
tigrinus,
-Leatiporus sulphureus,
-Polyporus squamosus,
-Agrocybeaegerita,
-Fistulina hepatica,
-Auriculariaauricula-
-Meripilus giganteus,
-Flammulina velutipes,
:
- ,
- ,
-Panus
- ,
- ,
-
Page 12
,
,
R :xRy x y.
R 1.6.
( ), B ( ),
xRy x y .
, R
: .
.
: {
.
R
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
2.1
B .
,
.
, B, .
,
. ,
,
.
Page 13
R.
. .
.
,
, . .
B
.
=
,
,
,
,
.
).
o
o
1.7 (
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
2.2
, .
.
.
,
- .
Page 14
, -. , - .
, .
,
. x y ,
. x y , z x y
x z, z y. x y
x y.
x y .
b , a b
b a. a b , . ,
.
3.
, .
.
, .
,
(, ), , () .
.
,
. .
, , .
, .
.
.
, ,
.
. ()
.
, , .
: .
,
.
Page 15
3.1
. 1969.
, , , .
, , .
. ,
. : Bacteria, Archaea Eukarya. Bacteria Archaea
, ,
.
,
, .
.
. Bacteria Archaea , (.
), Eukarya
.
. ( )
: , , , , , .
, ,
-.
, , .
,
, ,
.
. ,
.
.
Page 16
.
(), (),
.
.
.
.
3.2
, .
(). ,
.
, ;
.
, .
, ,
. .
.
.
.
.
. ,
.
.
. :
Page 17
x y
B.
. B
. B
.
,
.
.
3.1.
() .
,
.
.
.
( )
. 50,
100 .
.
,
,
.
.
.
,
,
1,
. , ,
N,
).
( N
(. f ).
Page 18
3.2.
.
.
,
. ,
.
1, 0.
.
() ,
, , .
.
,
. ,
.
.
3.2.1.
.
.
, ,
, .
.
.
,
.
K1
T1
T2
K2
...
Ki
...
Km
j-
i-
Page 19
...
Tj
...
T
m
3.2.1
, , 0, 1 ( )
, ,
( ).
.
.
,
() .
. ,
, :
1. .
2. .
.
,
.
,
.
.
() , 1
, 0 . (n) n .
(
). 1,
, , 0.
( )
.
.
Page 20
, .
,
.
.
.
() ,
. . x
x` :
. 0 1 (
).
.
.
,
,
:
x i- .
.
.
, .
,
.
k, k> 1 k
Page 21
.
k k 1 (
, ).
4.
,
.
.
, .
. [0,1].
.
, .
0 .
,
. ,
.
4.1.
.
4.1.1.
.
, .
Page 22
4.1:
0 m00 m01
1 m10 m11
4.1
2x2:
j.
i,
0 ,
, 1
, . ,
. :
.
.
.
Page 23
[0,1], 1
,
. 0
, .
. 0
,
.
:
J t1t2
m11
.
m11 m01 m10
. [0,1]
1
,
.
0
, .
1.
, .
,
.
. (0-, 1-), (0, 1-).
.
. ,
. (1- , 0 ), (1-, 0-).
.
4.1.2.
Page 24
,
.
:
P
.
, M
4.1.3.
.
1
.
:
, ,
.
. p , q
.
, :
Page 25
4.2.
,
. 1
.
,
:
1. :
:
2. () ()
3.
4.
4.2.1.
(I)
().
, n
:
:
Page 26
.
,
, .
(II)
()
() :
n .
(III)
. k m .
, s k,
:
k i- .
.
(IV) :
.
:
(
) (
), :
Page 27
4.2.2.
()
.
,
:
,
. :
4.2.3.
Page 28
r . r
r
, .
4.2.4.
C(
, :
1. :
2. :
, C
.
5.
,
.
,
. , .
.
,
,
.
Page 29
,
.
,
.
5.1.
B,
.
,
,
,
, B,
, .
, i,
, B :
5.2.
B n ,
i , B, ,
:
Page 30
() :
, :
. W ,
kxk .
,
,
.
W ,
, :
Page 31
6.
,
,
.
( )
( ) .
.
, .
:
1.
.
2.
.
,
:
1. .
2.
.
:
1. ,
,
- .
2. ,
, .
6.1.
.
.
,
.
.
Page 32
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
(, ),
, .
( )
.
6.1
( )
.
.
, .
.
, .
,
. :
-
-
Page 33
-
-
(a)
(b)
(c)
6.2
6.2
. ()
,
(
). () ,
, ()
,
, .
6.1.1
, . ,
. ,
, .
0 (
0).
t1 t6
0.1, 0.1.
{t1 , t6 } ,
. t16 t3 0.7,
Page 34
t4 0.3, t5 .
6.1.
.
t16
0
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.3
t16
t2
t3
t4
t5
t2
t3
0.8 0.7
0
0.2
0.2
0
0.4 0.9
0.3 0.8
6.1
t4
0.3
0.4
0.9
0
0.5
t5
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.5
0
- 0.2,
t2 t3 .
6.2 .
t16
t23
t4
0
0.8 0.3
0.8
0
0.9
0.3 0.9
0
0.3 0.8 0.5
6.2
t16
t23
t4
t5
t5
0.3
0.8
0.5
0
0.3 t16 t4 t4 .
t4 t5 0.5, 0.3,
( ). 0,3
{t1 , t4 , t6 } . 6.3.
t146
t233
t5
t146
t23
0
0.9
0.9
0
0.5 0.8
6.3
t5
0.5
0.8
0
t5 t146 0.5.
, 0.9.
Page 35
6.2 (),
()
7.
.
11 (t1 - , t2 -
, t3 - , t4 - , t5 - , t6 - ,
t7 - , t8 - , t9 - , t10 - , t11 ).
:
k1
k2
k3
k4
k5
Page 36
www.euroleague.net 7.1:
k16
k2
k3
k4
k5
t1
t2
16.4
14.6
6.8
7.9
0.6
1.6
0.4
0.9
0.4
0.6
t3
10
3.6
1.2
0.8
t4
7.1
1.8
0.9
0.2
t5
25.8
3.2
t6
15.4
6.5
0.9
1.2
1.3
t7
5.3
1.1
0.4
0.2
t8
13.4
4.9
1.6
0.5
t9
19
1.5
1.3
0.5
t10
13.1
2.5
t11
3.8
0.9
1.2
0.5
7.1
7.1:
d(t1,t2)= 2.39
d(t1,t3)= 7.22
d(t1,t4)= 10.57
d(t1,t5)= 10.49
d(t1,t6)= 1.62
d(t1,t7)= 9.53
d(t1,t8)= 4
d(t1,t9)= 5.95
d(t1,t10)= 5.64
d(t1,t11)= 13.93
d(t2,t3)= 6.33
d(t2,t4)= 9.73
d(t2,t5)= 12.34
d(t2,t6)= 1.91
d(t2,t7)= 8
d(t2,t8)= 3.33
d(t2,t9)= 7.8
d(t2,t10)= 5.65
d(t2,t11)= 12.8
d(t4,t5)= 18.89
d(t4,t6)= 9.67
d(t4,t7)= 3.51
d(t4,t8)= 7.26
d(t4,t9)= 11.91
d(t4,t10)= 6.19
d(t4,t11)= 3.41
d(t5,t6)= 11.28
d(t5,t7)= 19.06
d(t5,t8)= 12.62
d(t5,t9)= 7.23
d(t5,t10)= 12.76
d(t5,t11)= 22.19
d(t3,t4)= 3.64
d(t3,t5)= 15.98
d(t3,t6)= 6.15
d(t3,t7)= 3.59
d(t3,t8)= 3.8
d(t3,t9)= 9.3
d(t3,t10)= 3.53
d(t3,t11)= 6.84
d(t6,t7)= 8.59
d(t6,t8)= 2.92
d(t6,t9)= 6.34
d(t6,t10)= 4.92
d(t6,t11)= 12.96
Page 37
d(t7,t8)= 6.59
d(t7,t9)= 12.58
d(t7,t10)= 6.8
d(t7,t11)= 5.44
d(t8,t9)= 6.69
d(t8,t10)= 2.54
d(t8,t11)= 10.5
d(t9,t10)= 6.04
d(t9,t11)= 15.21
d(t10,t11)= 9.48
.
, . 7.2
.
t16
t2
t3
t4
t5
t6
t7
t8
t9
t10
t11
t1
2.39
7.22
10.57 10.49
1.62
9.53
5.95
5.64
13.93
t2
t3
2.39
7.22
0
6.33
6.33
0
9.73
3.64
12.34 1.91
15.98 6.15
8
3.59
3.33
3.8
7.8
9.3
5.65
3.53
12.8
6.84
t4
10.57
9.73
3.64
18.89
3.51
7.26
11.91
6.19
3.41
t5
7.23
12.76 22.19
t6
1.62
1.91
6.15
9.67
11.28
8.59
2.92
6.34
4.92
12.96
t7
t8
9.53
4
8
3.33
3.59
3.8
3.51
7.26
19.06
12.62
8.59
2.92
0
6.59
6.59
0
12.58
6.69
6.8
2.54
5.44
10.5
t9
5.95
7.8
9.3
11.91
7.23
6.34
12.58
6.69
6.04
15.21
t10
5.64
5.65
3.53
6.19
12.76
4.92
6.8
2.54
6.04
9.48
t11 13.93
12.8
6.84
3.41
22.19 12.96
5.44
10.5
15.21
9.48
9.67
7.2
. t1 t6,
1.62 .
t1 t6 ( 7.3).
Page 38
t1, t 6
t2
t3
t4
t5
t1, t 6
2.39
7.22
10.57 11.28
t2
2.39
6.33
9.73
12.34
t3
t4
7.22
10.57
6.33
9.73
0
3.64
3.64
0
15.98 3.59
18.89 3.51
t5
t7
9.53
3.59
3.51
19.06
6.59
12.58
6.8
5.44
t8
3.33
3.8
7.26
12.62
6.59
6.69
2.54
10.5
t9
6.34
7.8
9.3
11.91
7.23
12.58
6.69
6.04
15.21
t10
5.64
5.65
3.53
6.19
12.76
6.8
2.54
6.04
9.48
t11
13.93
12.8
6.84
3.41
22.19
5.44
10.5
15.21
9.48
t7
t8
t9
t 10
t11
9.53
6.34
5.64
13.93
3.33
7.8
5.65
12.8
3.8
7.26
9.3
11.91
3.53
6.19
6.84
3.41
19.06 12.62
7.23
12.76 22.19
7.3
7.3, 2.39 t1,6 t2.
, . 7.4.
t1, t 6, t2
t3
t4
t5
t7
t8
t9
t 10
t11
t1, t 6, t2
7.22
9.53
7.8
5.65
13.93
t3
7.22
3.64
15.98 3.59
3.8
9.3
3.53
6.84
t4
10.57
3.64
18.89
7.26
11.91
6.19
3.41
t5
12.34
15.98 18.89
19.06 12.62
7.23
12.76 22.19
t7
9.53
3.59
3.51
19.06
6.59
12.58
6.8
5.44
t8
3.8
7.26
12.62
6.59
6.69
2.54
10.5
t9
7.8
9.3
11.91
7.23
12.58
6.69
6.04
15.21
t10
5.65
3.53
6.19
12.76
6.8
2.54
6.04
9.48
t11
13.93
6.84
3.41
22.19
5.44
10.5
15.21
9.48
10.57 12.34
3.51
7.4
7.4 2.54 t8 t10.
7.5.
Page 39
t1, t 6, t2
t3
t4
t5
t7
t 8, t10
t9
t11
t1, t 6, t2
7.22
9.53
5.65
7.8
13.93
t3
7.22
3.64
15.98 3.59
3.8
9.3
6.84
t4
10.57
3.64
18.89
7.26
11.91
3.41
t5
12.34
15.98 18.89
19.06 12.76
7.23
22.19
t7
9.53
3.59
3.51
19.06
6.8
12.58
5.44
t8, t10
5.65
3.8
7.26
12.76
6.8
6.69
10.5
t9
7.8
9.3
11.91
7.23
12.58
6.69
15.21
t11
13.93
6.84
3.41
22.19
5.44
10.5
15.21
10.57 12.34
3.51
7.5
7.5 t4 t11 3.41.
7.6. .
7.6
t1, t 6, t2
t3
t4, t11
t5
t7
t 8, t10
t9
t1, t 6, t2
7.22
9.53
5.65
7.8
t3
7.22
6.84
15.98 3.59
3.8
9.3
t4, t11
13.93
6.84
22.19
10.5
15.21
t5
12.34
15.98 22.19
19.06 12.76
7.23
t7
9.53
3.59
5.44
19.06
6.8
12.58
t8, t10
5.65
3.8
10.5
12.76
6.8
6.69
t9
7.8
9.3
15.21
7.23
12.58
6.69
13.93 12.34
5.44
t1, t 6, t2
t3, t7
t4, t11
t5
t 8, t10
t9
t1, t 6, t2
9.53
13.93
12.34
5.65
7.8
t3, t7
9.53
6.84
19.06
6.8
12.58
t4, t11
13.93
6.84
22.19
10.5
15.21
t5
12.34
19.06
22.19
12.76
7.23
t8, t10
5.65
6.8
10.5
12.76
6.69
t9
7.8
12.58
15.21
7.23
6.69
Page 40
7.7
t1, t 6, t2, t 8, t10
t3, t7
t4, t11
t5
t9
9.53
13.93 12.76
t3, t7
9.53
6.84
19.06 12.58
t4, t11
13.93
6.84
22.19 15.21
t5
12.76
19.06 22.19
7.23
t9
7.8
12.58 15.21
7.23
7.8
7.8
7.8 t1, t 6, t2, t 8, t10 .
t1, t 6, t2, t 8, t10
t5
t9
13.93
12.76
7.8
13.93
22.19
15.21
t5
12.76
22.19
7.23
t9
7.8
15.21
7.23
7.9
t1, t 6, t2, t 8, t10 t3, t7, t4, t11
t5, t9
13.93
12.76
13.93
22.19
t5, t9
12.76
22.19
Page 41
7.10
22.19
22.19
7.11
( 7.1)
( 7.2).
7.1
Page 42
7.2
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
;
;
;
;
.
www.partizan.net
(- http://partizan.net/srpski/?p=5957):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
;
( );
;
;
.
Page 43
MVSP
. MVSP
, , ,
. 50 .
MVSP- .
, (
).
,
.
( ) 2
. Excel,
Quattro, xBase, Paradox , ,
.
Excel
, ( 1.3).
7.3 mvsp-u
Page 44
Analyses Cluster Analyses.
, ,
( 7.4 7.5 ).
7.4
7.5
( 7.6).
Page 45
7.6
( )
( 7.7 7.8) ( 7.9) 2D 3D .
() .
30
25
20
t5
t11
15
10
5
0
10
t1
15
20
10
15
t1
7.7 a
Page 46
20
15
t10
10
10
t8
7.8 a
Page 47
15
7.9 - 2D
7.10 a - 3D
Page 48
8.
a
,
.
.
, .
. ,
,
. ,
..
, .
.
.
. ,
.
Page 49
[1] . , , ,
2004
[2] . , . , , , , 2006
[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_analysis
[4] http://www.kovcomp.co.uk/mvsp/mvsppub.html
[5] http://partizan.net/srpski/
[6] http://www.focus-balkans.org/
[7] http://www.freedownloadcenter.com/Business/Misc__Applications/
Page 50