COMPLEX VARIABLES: HOMEWORK 2

Complex integration. In the problems below, use the definition

Z
Z b
f (z) dz =
f ((t)) 0 (t) dt

for a curve : [a, b] C. You can use Cauchys theorem: if f (z) is Cdifferentiable on an open set
D and : [a, b] D is a simple, closed curve whose interior lies in D, then
Z
f (z) dz = 0

(1) Let w = r(cos() + i sin()) be a fixed nonzero complex number. Consider the following
curve joining 1 and w:
(t) = (1 + t(r 1)) (cos(t) + i sin(t)) t [0, 1]
Prove that
Z

1
dz = ln(r) + i
z

(2) Let be the circle of radius R, centered at 0, oriented counterclockwise:

(t) = R (cos(t) + i sin(t)) t [0, 2]
Prove that
Z
Re(z) dz = iR

Z
and

S:

Im(z) dz = R2

Bonus. Try to prove these for an arbitrary simple closed curve , whose interior has area
Z
Z
Re(z) dz = iS
and
Im(z) dz = S

(Hint: remember how the area enclosed by a curve was defined in Calculus I/II).

1
1
(3) Let be the (upper) semicircle centered at , of radius , starting from 0 and ending at 1,
2
2
given as:
1 1
(t) = + (cos(t) i sin(t)) t [, 0]
2 2
Prove that
Z
1

dz =
2
4
1+z
(4) Let be the circle of radius R, centered at 0, oriented counterclockwise. Prove that
Z



1
4


dz
 z 4 + 9  R3

for any R > (18) 4 .

1

COMPLEX VARIABLES: HOMEWORK 2

(5) Let f : D C be a continuous function, where D is the following set: D = {z

C such that |z| > 1 and 0 arg(z) /4}. Assume that limz z f (z) exists:
lim z f (z) = A C

(this means that for every > 0 we can find M > 0 such that |z| > M implies |zf (z) A| <
).
For each R > 0, consider the following curve:

Prove that

h i
R (t) = R(cos(t) + i sin(t)) t 0,
4
Z

lim
f (z) dz = iA
R
4
R

Z

(that is, given > 0, we can find M > 0, such that R > M implies 



f (z) dz iA  < ).
4
R