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5 Conditions For Perfect Parallel Operation of Single Phase Transformers
5 Conditions For Perfect Parallel Operation of Single Phase Transformers
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5 conditions for perfect parallel operation of single phase transformers (photo credit: etd-bez.cz)
Note that each subscript number on a transformer must be connected to the same subscript number on the other
transformer as shown in figure 1.
CAUTION:
With positive and negative polarity transformers, the location of X1 and X2 connections on the tanks will
be reversed. Care must be exercised to ensure that terminals are connected, as stated above. See
figure 1 above.
Condition #2
Tap settings must be identical.
Condition #3
Voltage ratings must be identical; this, of course, makes the turns ratios also identical.
Condition #4
The percent impedance of one transformer must be between 92% and 107% of the other. Otherwise, circulating
currents between the two transformers would be excessive.
Condition #5
Frequencies must be identical. Standard frequency in the United States is 60 hertz and usually will not present a
problem.
One will notice, from the above requirements, that paralleled transformers do not have to be the same size.
However, to meet the percent impedance requirement, they must be nearly the same size! Most utilities will not
parallel transformers if they are more than one standard kVA size rating different from each other. Otherwise,
circulating currents are excessive.
Reference // Transformers: Basics, Maintenance, and Diagnostics U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of
Reclamation