CS221:DigitalDesign

Dr.A.Sahu
Dept of Comp. Sc. & Engg.
DeptofComp.Sc.&Engg.
IndianInstituteofTechnologyGuwahati
1

Outline

Course,Attendance,ReferenceBook
Course
Attendance Reference Book
Whatdowestudyinthiscourse?
y
Whyshouldthisbestudied?
Howisthecoursestructured?

CS221
75%
75%AttendanceisMandatory
A
d
i M d
3 Programming assignment + 2 Quiz +
3Programmingassignment+2Quiz+
1Takehome
AnykindofCopy/Plagiarismleadto`F
Grade

CS221: Course Structure

CS221:CourseStructure
BooleanAlgebra,LogicMinimizationand
realization
Flipflops,registers,counters,Finitestatemodel
p p
g
Synthesisofsynchronoussequentialcircuits
Numberrepresentation:fixedandfloating
Number representation: fixed and floating
point;
Addition,subtraction,multiplicationand
Additi
bt ti
lti li ti
d
divisionofnumbers.
Currenttrendsindigitaldesign:ASIC,FPGA..
4

CS221: Text & References

CS221:Text&References
TextBook
Vahid
V hid Frank,DigitalDesign,PreviewEdition,
F k Di i l D i P i Edi i
WileyIndiaPvt Ltd,2010
M.MorrisMano
M Morris Mano andM.D.Ciletti,DigitalDesign,
and M D Ciletti Digital Design
4/e,PearsonEducation,2007.
References
R.H.KatzandG.Boriello,ContemporaryLogicDesign,2/e,
PrenticeHallofIndia,2009.
A.P.Malvino,D.P.LeachandG.Saha,DigitalPrinciplesand
Applications 7/e McGraw Hill 2010
Applications,7/e,McGrawHill,2010.
S.C.Lee,DigitalCircuitsandLogicDesign,PrenticeHallofIndia,
2006.
J.F.Wakerly,DigitalDesignPrinciplesandPractices,4/e,Prentice
J F Wakerly Digital Design Principles and Practices 4/e Prentice
HallofIndia,2008.
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Web,marks,timing,venue
,
,
g,
Coursewebsite:
http://jatinga iitg ernet in/~asahu/cs221/
http://jatinga.iitg.ernet.in/
asahu/cs221/
Markdistribution
25%:3Prog.Assignment+2Quiz+Homework
%
i
i
k
35%:MidSemester
40%:EndSemester

ClassTiming&Venue
Venue:1201,Timing:SlotB
Mon:910,Tue:1011,Wed:1112,Otheronehouris
makeupslot
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CS221 Course Objectives

CS221CourseObjectives
To learn
Tolearn
Basicprinciplebehinddigitalsystem
Efficientdesignandreuse.
Interfacingwithexternalworld
g
Workingofcomponentsinsidea
computer
Analogvs digital

Why Study Digital Design?

WhyStudyDigitalDesign?

Lookunderthehoodofcomputers
Solidunderstanding>confidence,insight,even
b
betterprogrammerwhenawareofhardware
h
fh d
resourceissues

Electronicdevicesbecomingdigital
Enabledbyshrinkingandmorecapablechips
bl d b h i ki
d
bl hi
Enables:
Betterdevices:Bettersoundrecorders,cameras,
cars cell phones medical devices
cars,cellphones,medicaldevices,...
Newdevices:Videogames,PDAs,...

Knownasembeddedsystems
Thousandsofnewdeviceseveryyear
yy
Designersneeded:Potentialcareerdirection
Satellites

DVD
players

Portable
music p
players
y

phones
Cell p

1995

1999

1997

Video
recorders
Cameras

2001

2003

Musical
instruments
TVs

2005

2007

???

Digital Design: Motivation

DigitalDesign:Motivation
Implementation
Implementationbasisformoderncomputing
basis for modern computing
devices
Constructinglargesystemsfromsmallcomponents
Constructing large systems from small components
Anotherviewofacomputer:controller+datapath

Inherentparallelisminhardware
Inherent parallelism in hardware
Parallelcomputationbeyond61C

Counterpointtosoftwaredesign
Counterpoint to software design
Furtheringourunderstandingofcomputation

Digital Design
DigitalDesign
Whatisdigital?
Digitalcamera,DigitalTV,DigitalWatch,Digital
Radio,DigitalCity(ecity),DigitalPhotoFrameetc
Whichgivesthethingsincountableform
Scene(analog)toImage(digital)

Whydigital?
Countableform,makeseasytomanage
Easymanagementmakesmoreusefulandversatile

Whatdigit?
What digit ?
Howtocount:Decimaldigit:0to9

10

WhatDoesDigitalMean?
Analogsignal
Infinitepossiblevalues
Ex:
Ex:voltageonawire
voltage on a wire
createdbymicrophone

1.2

Digital signal
Finite possible values
Ex: button pressed on a
keypad

Sound waves
move the
th
membrane,

which moves
the magnet,
microphone
i
h

digital
signal

valuee

Possiblevalues:
1 00 1 01 2 0000009
1.00,1.01,2.0000009,
...infinitepossibilities

time

valuee

analog
signal

which creates
current in the nearby wire

11

4
3
2
1
0

Possiblevalues:
0 1 2 3
0,1,2,3,or4.
4
Thatsit.

time

What Digit? =>>NumberSystem

WhatDigit?
Number System
FamousNumberSystem:Dec,Rom,Bin
Famous Number System: Dec Rom Bin
DecimalSystem:09
Mayevolves:becausehumanhave10finger
M
l
b
h
h
10 fi

RomanSystem
Mayevolvestomakeeasytolookandfeel
Pre/PostConcept:(IV,V&VI)is(51,5&5+1)

BinarySystem,Others(Oct,Hex)
Onecancutanappleintotwo
pp
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Design & Logic Design

Design&LogicDesign
Whatisdesign?
Given
Givenproblemspec,solveitwithavailablecomponents
problem spec solve it with available components
Whilemeetingquantitative(size,cost,power)and
qualitative(beauty,elegance)

Whatislogicdesign?
h i l i d i ?
Choosedigitallogiccomponentstoperformspecified
control,datamanipulation,orcommunicationfunction
,
p
,
andtheirinterconnection
Whichlogiccomponentstochoose?
Many implementation technologies (fixedfunction
Manyimplementationtechnologies(fixed
function
components,programmabledevices,individual
transistorsonachip,etc.)
Designoptimized/transformedtomeetdesign
Design optimized/transformed to meet design
constraints
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 Binary digitalsignal onlytwo

possiblevalues
ibl
l

Typicallyrepresentedas0 and1
OneBinarydigit
O Bi
di it isabit
i bit
Wellonlyconsiderbinary digitalsignals
Binaryispopularbecause
Binary is popular because
Transistors,thebasicdigitalelectric
component,operateusingtwo voltages
Storing/transmittingoneoftwo valuesis
easierthanthreeormore(e.g.,loudbeep
or quiet beep, reflection or no reflection)
orquietbeep,reflectionornoreflection)

value

DigitalSignalswithOnlyTwoValues:
Binary

1
0

time

Digitizedversionenables
nearperfectsave/cpy/trn.
Samplevoltageat
particularrate,savesample
usingbitencoding
Voltagelevelsstillnotkept
perfectly
Butwecandistinguish0s
from1s

Letbitencodingbe:
1V:01
Digitizedsignalnot
2V:10
perfectrecreation,
buthighersampling
3V:11

time
01 10 11 10 11

Volts

originalsignal

a2d
digitized signal
1 digitizedsignal
0
time
01 10 11 10 11

lengthytraansmission
(e.g,cellphone)

Voltagelevelsnot
saved/copied/transmitted
perfectly

3
2
1
0

3
2
1 receivedsignal
0

time

Howfix higher,lower,?
lengthytransmission
(e.g,ceellphone)

Analogsignal(e.g.,audio)
maylosequality

1
0

time
Canfix easilydistinguish0s
and1s,restore

d2a
V
Volts

Volts

ExampleofDigitizationBenefit
p
g

rateandmorebitsper
rate
and more bits per
encodingbringscloser.

3
2
1
0

time

Advance Digital Logic Design

AdvanceDigitalLogicDesign
ComplicatedCircuit(Processor,Memory)
IC,MSI,LSI,VLSI,ULSI
CADTooltoaccelerate
CAD Tool to accelerate
Design,Model,Simulate,Validate,Test
Placing,Routing,Powerdistribution
Placing Routing Power distribution

VHDL/Verilog Simulation
SchematicEditor
h
d
EmbeddedSystem(Area,Power,Cost)
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Thanks

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