Chapter 8 Continuous Systems On (E)* «(920)» saenes mA P= mass density x orea 3. 7330 {EZ (200°) } = 245987 x10 fm P=250 N, f= 2m OE (A) = (ea wat = wo-ttae m/s (or 8i24 TL ise. 3561 rad/s = 25-2031 Hz ee oe ¢ = (60008 x 2) = 12000 m/s = 3TH) = 303 = 9000 by Corisinal = (Pp) = 12000 me Spew = (12 P/p)* = rossg (Bey = 10954 (@) = en 7 = original 1G, and ey are increased by 9-547 P= 30000 N, f= 2 19/m c= (F)* = (2000%/2)% = 122-4745 m/s = __300 Time taxen = yp rras = 24495 4 =O: a, oer (s)*° po am Be (>) At xc fl: Pek (&) General solution is wer t)= WO). THE) = (A cos B+ B sin 22)(C cos gt + D si OE) Equations (£1) and (3) give: «& {PCA Z sin OF 4 Be cor H)(C corks dD sinwt) = - mat (A cos +B sin SEY (C cos wt + D sinsty? hen A (mo?) + B (28) =o (&) 506gs. (Ex) and (€3) yield » < P(-GA sin wt + BS os 2 -«(A con wt +B sin why A(= PS sin hae cs Bh) ag (28 cor WL 4 te sin OE 2h) 0 (6s) Fs. (Eq) and (Es) give the Freguency eguation: (mw?) PR) € PB sin Oh 4 «cor 2h) (BE cs Ae & sin Sty which, upen simplification, becomes tan XQ = pe ~ (Bae) x? (Ee) iy 7 SEELCuED: (ss) foam, d=osmm, p= . @) Os 107) mdfee = BE E [e” ten Gry = Ga) tes P= 124,800 N (Hy c= 5(2m) rad fc = BE = EEE P 7500 ne 4 (7800) be» P= 3,120,000 N Let x=0 be fixed and x= be connected to the pin which tan move in a frictionless slot. Wr) = A cs SF 4 B sin OE wot) =o » Wle)s0 > Azo BE (Lt)=0 > AW (L)so > Beh oo > cs A 2 bey wom = aw Oe @nenE 5 ne osta or y= Gute 5 yeo,t2,... 2k w(x.t) = ZF Ie, ca MEME yy, an DERE] 4 wee 2 7 nex eye FS uty sin FE de ye sg Hsce ain ME te 507Since real O)=0, oar Dye 2 fii 88 a det [-eD=F “] Ter = fet on it even jen wal _ yon ued nintc 4 * ta(x,t) = Win MEX gg, MTOt £ L 6. (B18) a PW wey Pally etn ty Me apd alps from oS ff Mo EHO a ew ffveoT? ae The shows that the tign of will he tame as that of the inktypad om ts eye pide alfa by teat ye T= fiw MS ae 2 w(t) E(B) - we) F200)—f * [awaits since te Sth fan finns om the right sade of th eppatn one gone for commen Lemony conditions, £ amd hince will be x Common foundry (exeummeples) : Fixed of ends: Wee w(h) <0 Free ot ende: 4 (0) = dw (4) =o ont end fined oma hts ond pues we)= GL(t) =0 ome end fixed amd atten end connedid ta : We) =05 Awe) = -* w(f) Ls 200m, p= 8890 %3/m?, 9 = Wy to ty < 20 He 2 Elan [F Gon = EE For (4 < 20(2W) rad/sec, a [+ < 407 ve, [FP 407 (2000 we90 = 407 (aoe2) am be, P= 35560 x08 N Let the permissible (yield) stress of the material be 300 Mf = 3x 108 N/me. 508Assuming the diameter of cable ai o-tm, area of eee section s = (0:4)? = o007¢54 msand the permissible tension (with factor of safety of one) * (0:007854)(3x108) = 2,356,200 N Initial tension = 2-3562 x0 N Solution is given by Ep. (8-30) * w(x.t)= SC, sin ™ cos newt (&) ned Z£ 4 where A L — Ge § UW sin de (2) The initial deflection ug(x) is given by (2) = { she/p for osx = Ys ) h(L Yap for osx s £ Substitution of E%.(Es) into (€2) giver % 5 Lo ygU-w .. owe eae Fil ARE sn wef UD ain te} L ai sin me _ eh cos mE LM L ( oe 2 Bia ET EGR Ey, ! ah {2 sin HE 2h eos ay ~ FU ar Ys gh 6, nt = SR m5 Ph gener, AE grace, 0 fr ner re am gh ne _ ghd ne ne - 4S for w=4, Ba fr ne 5 © Ser n=6,- 9 nn TE wt , Ey gin BEE egg BETH wintry = 25 A sin TE cos HE 20g sin BS eet SF 95h sim ATE oy wert ~ jam . guy a) yr” 509{3 & sin 254 cin TH 20E h sin AE ant we w(x,0) = Tot an gant “rr - 254 sie ERE . At t= i: hy, 25 A sin BE _ 27g gin AME, Gb sin ee ce) eG mh ae these deflection shapes are shown below: sare rovers aes 7002s ee 125008 a8te00 arG080 seseGs eesoeo e0000 a7s000 1 oo0te 510y= viscous damping coefficient = force Ait velocity /unit length $(x,4) P+ dP =< o+de (P+ dP) sin (o+ do) + $(x,+) dx - cy Bax -P sino gtr apd oo ++ (1) with dp= 2P de and sin(o+ da) = 2 ae, Pe yy ax ax? ae dx +5 can be rewritten as EC) + Fmt = po FH), o, ED — vibration solution is given by ar(%st) = z sn {Cn cos MEH +d, sin BEES } wet i with cna [agen sn ME de Since a, (x) = xe (x, t=0) = For wy (2) = wy, sin 7 > @ de Using the relations fem me sinnx des Seems _ ke Guew* eg, 2(m=m) 2 (m+n) 2 -% L. fst? mx des zm, 2mm) we get for n ¢, L Bie [ond TA de = ty TT and for net,d,0-> Ge 2s fe Fee De sin F (nt) x A a 28 - yee 20 £ tFlard 2 (att) ° Le w(Gt) = a5 sin Ecos ext 511a tome BE OA Ain 2) Ce ct wt + dD tm ot) 24 (,t) = BLtyz0 > -£ a D 4m eat) =° x 8 on - Me “rE u(xt) = Eee e, amet fin ELT nat " where _s nwx Cn FZ rf Yoon cos EE dz ond at fh ie mrx 4, De A [uw Te de @) ult) = (4 SF og ABE) (C os Wt + D 4m wrt) me At xz0: gtu au mah m, Dy = ac 2 | hg Me om A= MELB > Ba-(ZRE) 4 7 aback om, Fe ye mu in * ox -otm, (A AL 4 8 tin Sh) a ABCA mB ee oh) ie. A(cutm ot Snes mE) a pace sat, oom, tin Bh) te tm, ob Sy new £2 ny SE Came the 162 os B)eo This is the eo eppatte 6) ert) = (4 cr SF 4g sin PE)(C or wt + D sinot)-(6) Ab xzo, «yu aes Se AE A == (&) Atx= fh, ku sae 2h 2 > (As ag sm oh AE LIRA nth g ot oy Substituting (&,) into (Es), we an --- (és) ke L AL (ky- 2) cos M4 4 (Ki E in SLT 8 AD G- Boer tte (MES - MY) a Ye 512Hence the freguency eguation i siven by _ fe wh Ky K€ AES), Oh _ (no Gis) = + (SBE - Yee no woh Hct = AED tan BE = (Cae eee ) kik, c* — areres? ©) ulastr=(4 of Sa g sin BFC sats D smut) At x=0, cus ree > B= ke At x= f, Ae 24 2g ru ae oe ' > Ae(-A sin Oh oh ARCA smn Ay go os Yt) =M(A co OL 4 B sin wt) wo --- (€3) Substituting (E;) into (3). we get AEG in oh ke oh 2 wl | ke | wh ED 4 (-sin & tie ea MerAa (ot & + BE tm 9) This gives the freguency eguation tan wh _ f[_Abwe Como") } v Aezwt— mutne? fragpiney = TE ty the ban is fixed of x20 and ottacked a macs M ot xa kh, UF fren = GE. Here SE 4 (ze eae E= 0-735 4 AS om agprerimalion, use Linear relalionchip por the values in Table 4. When Bros , tye orstls When B= 10, a= 0-8602 This gives of (B) = at 4B = 0- 6099 B+ 0-2503 Fr = 07954, we get Pr 27984-02503 = os 774 = 2 06099 1 Mass ts be cttacked = M= mi. iy, aa774 = 151397 m. i ; rrp z, 7 Equation of retion for i vibration eee = ae (@) Assume separation of variables im &- (ED aie ey = Ua. T(t) so that ea pay eT pre eeu eee 2 ; ae U Tet Tet ee += (83) 5132 U ie, * eae + w Uz) =o (es) 2 and 2 Tw 2 + 0 T(t) = 0 (4) “To show that the constant @ on the right hand side of &- (Ez) is a negative guantity, multiply €%. (E;) by Ule) and integrate wert. x from ot fd: A ty ef ue 43 dx =o y fue }* dz (és) soeaeconycnnen-positive always (Es) shows that a will have the same sign at the integral on the Left side= ee [v1 SEP ax (€) Integrate (&) by parts to get T= ut). dU@ — ue) Ava _ £ * fave de (€) Since eee the second term on the rehes- of (Ev) will be ero. Also, ag auc) - & uth) ) of x=f. Imattiplteation of (Ex) by u(2) gives ud) ae hy e - « fury}? this shows that r Un = 0 --- (Ea) Multiply (Eo) by Un > (Ee) by Um and subtract the resulting equations, on one from the other to get Un tm _ ty, er 4 (Wo - OF) Un Un 20 (eu) ne on with respect te x from 0 to f t get. aster integration by parts, the desired orthogonality relation: i Umi) Unie) dx =o, OA oy (2) 514Set wp tix coordinatis %) amd %, at shoum. 1 wi (mvt )= (Ay ct SE + By tim SEG os wot + Date ot) “ Maltart) = (Arcot Oy By tin WEt)(dos t+ Dm ot) ‘f + 7 a 7 ujot)=0 + Azo 4 4 i (Met) = Ur (ot) = 8 Ae oh za AE 3 (Lt) = AGE, AL G,t) = tensile force Same in bith cuns xy ax. ME og wohs ie AE, o ALEs © a & fe > Be Uz (Rt) = Blain Bh os OZ | NEC 2Gat) u( Sp SEB ME SE og Oh 4, BEV cs ists Dan ct 2 ALEC, & o 2 (9,,t) =0 > Sx, (Fee) = B Ox. a i ee 1 Frepamey ppatin oy fam 8) gc Ole 4 AEC gh os oye a ALELS co ce (10° 0a (1) meen) = 15.3117 kg m From Table 8.1, the value of a for # = 0.1531 (using linear interpolation between values of 8 = 0.1 and f = 1.0) is: ox, = 0.6099 (0.1531) + 0.2503 = 0.3437 amt BE _ 0.3437 207 (10°) (9.81) “=H HF VE 7 V Taube 1770.7958 rad/sec (b) Torsional vibration: In this case, we use the result of Example 8.6. where J = polar moment of inertia of the shaft: 515Jegd= = (0.08)* = 2.4544 (1 += 76500/0.81 ke/m? ;é=in Toa = (2.4544 (1078)) 78500 ae (1) = 1.9140 (104) kg—m? ~ 2200) 9140 (107°). _ 1.9140 (10-5) Since fis close to zero, we have from. poh 8.6, 425 VB = VV = AAV BEAD 0108 i ‘onsidler and oe Gest) = (a cst SF 4 B sim BENG cs cot D tin @(@,t)=0 > A=0 # i ek Ga 3@ o£, ty - 2 28 (4+) > av8.n cs ah = ast B ain Sh > tam Wh 2 267 ze ork ig mec” wh het ' a Frequency epyaliom : tamd = hae = GE and §* SG 3h voots of this egpalion ane given by aq, =(24) n= 2% ad % omty= $F in 0 (Cn Gof Ont + Dy fin Ont) ---- @) wat (0) = SF sin ®* (¢,) =o > G=0 ---- &) wet 6(%,0) = = sin Se (Go, Da) = 2% * ones os a[x, tee = 85 amd hence tte « a a me multiply €%.(Es) by sin oe and integrate from o to Za? od, jes) -2 WX de c Ce.) nn BnX dx (Es) we ER) 2 Oye de Bde (IPD gy at ° f + Be @, te, Da= Tet ot (3) 516o(x,t) = Z (42) sin 2% sin wyt ©) who o(x,t) = (A ot BE +B sem S¥)(C es wt + D Hin ot) e(e,t)=0 > A= e(hty=0p mm eteo 5 Oh Low Gs AE 4 yz BEE 2 wm [Ensues L INS Boundary conditions : » = ve At x0, gz BE (ot) = Key OG.) + Cy Bot) + H SEO) At x=, 2 e Ga 22 (Ltya- ty, ot) ~ 42 22 LE) - er) B= (A cot BE Bain BECO es wt + DArit) 8(0t) =0 * Ano Wigty-o > Ben 5 ooh @-4) Wye (Malm LG we tay Vee (zt) = (Act SE 4 Bam BE)(C cet +D amt) ---- (1) ak x=0; ve % ¥8 _ ax 20 ot! ox wo @) ak x= fr -428 = gx 28 ---- (Er) Eps-(81) amd (Er) give Gsya+ (ZS)8 =o ----(&) (E)and (Es) gine (aot ot the 628 Nay (peat 680 etl) poe Sitting th ADninawt of te cotypice DT of A and BO) in (Eq) ame (Ex) eppak 6 jero, we get tha yrgpumey egpation 2 qo ere Gut os Sh + S209 gh) (20% ok - S7e n a ve. Tmo" Anh (G4) SEE cp Bh SF S17(ee o mdtion: ct Ye , He ---- ©) Ox* ett Let sfiady stoke vibration be 0(x,t) = X(). os wt ---- (ED (Er) ama (Ex) give x0 “18, ie x at solution is X= A ot SE + B tm SF ¢ @(x=0,t) =0 2 X(x=0) 20 > AzO A free end, 7 20 (x28, t) = ez 38 Lit) = My, cot cot Bas 2 cs Bt cs ot = My, cot oot B= Mey © coh Gru “ ¢ e(xt) = Mee poe Gh gen GE cos wt aso ¢ ‘ (as) fr solution of problem 8.21, aE Jz ‘ = x10 f nO t JE = Fosse’ 5030-5861 rad/sec © See potificn ocempied of the instant the shogt is sSpped. Then te botal fins ane e(zo)=o0, 3e (0) =9 ---- () Angular displacement et oe a (x,t) = (Aca SE + B kim 22) (CG ct Wt + D tim st) --- (ED) (As the shogt ot aupptifid at xz0 amd fee at x= f, @ (et) =o , 20(9,t) =0 ----&) &3-(€2) omd (Es) give Azo pe uubes & ak OE neta ar 6, (ot), = fim (, 8 Ot + Dy Aim Ont) ----&) @ (x,t) we)so ---(&) av @)=0o --- (&) Atul, freed > FW (feo. (ey, PWeyee --- (6) a the deflection (normal) function is given by W(x) = Cy coBx+ C, sin Bet Cy cothBet Cy sinh Ax (6) $rom which MM (ars plc, tpn t Cy ote Cy sinkoxt Cy, ohpx] (Ee) E> (1) amd (ES) give C+ C30 (&) Eys- (Ex) oma (Ee) york PCat Cayo (s) Use of (E7) amd (Eg) in (Es) heads to W(x)= Cy (eo Bx cath px) + c, (0px - Hh px) Os) Use of &s- (Es), Ey) ond (9) yields Cy (es Bh + cosh Gh) + 6 (4 pl + wh AL) =0 (Ee) Cy (4m eh - 42k ph) — c (cos pl + eth ply a0 (En) The $reguency epuation can be obtained by setting the coefficient matrix im (Eq) and (E,) & zero os cot pl + cath ph An ph 4 tek ph -e &:) den pl — Aimk ph ~ot pl — coh bh Upon simplification, Ge. (Ei2) yields the frepuency eguation ct pl. ahph = 4 (En) First four roots of (3) ore given by Pla 0875104, Pals 469400, rf = 7.954757, pla 10995541. 520Boundary conditions are: . 3 at xo; ert =o -- (6), ert -#, i = de 2) atxel ertS saw (ey, ErLW. os --- (Es) = a Ey. (8-105) gives wl” a wt wi SMe up aes = EO tg a wl J ° we (E At x=L, &.(€) gives ° Ww; --- (&), --- (&) &,- (Es) gives er wy" = «Ww; --- (Es). Erw" seu; --- (€3) mattiglying (Er) by Wy > (Er) by Wes and sublracting one from the otfer, we get er (Ww ws —W.” wy) = «(Wy Me - we Wy) = 0 ---(En) This shows thet the rhs: of (Es) i zero at x= £. Atxso, &. (61) gives » (Ed gives G (Ed gives o (EW, Wj"= 2 Ea) : 2 : Wi = = ey ul == (Ea), EE WF = - Ky Wi (Eu) Multiplying (En) by Wy. Em) by wi, and subtracting one $rom the otter, we get 2 (w" Wy wi wz) = — ey (mi wi- wif wf) =0 --- (E15) This shows that the r-hs. of &. (Es) is zero at x=0. (3) w(0,t)= EE (0,t) = w(ht) = Ee 16) zo; tzo W(x) = C, (coh 6X4 cath BX) + C, (cof BX coth Bx) + Cy (Fim Bx + tinh BX) + Cy (Ain BX— tinh BX) W(x) =, YC es Bx + coth Bx) + C2 BCs ax— coth Ox) is +03 B* (Aim BX + inh Bx) + C, BC tin Bx- tonh BX) we)=0 = ¢,=0 aPW (0) = 0 = G50 w(L) = 0 = Cy(4im pha sink BL) cy (tim ph sink PL) = o--€) fWU)= 0% Ca(e Aim BR + wink BL) — Cy (Him BR+ tinh BL) = 0 -- ED 521Setting the dultiminant of the Cotfficient meliix of Crand Gy im (E,) amt (Ez) te geno, we get the fugpimcy eppation = (sin AR + inh ph)? 4 (Aim Bh- tink BLY” = 0 or Aim BL tick BL = 0 Since simh BLO, the YUppiney eppalion becomes Aim ph = 0 aa fE oe Pyk=nw 5 n= vu [ez gone baer = ow = vw _ 3 oO: wot) = FF (ot) = Ee (Lt) = EY (Lt)=0 5 tze w(x) = Ci(cos xt coth Bx) + Cz (cot Bx — cath Bx) + Ca (Aim Px + Aik BX) + Cy (tin Bx— Ainh Bx) oY = cp (— Bx + coh BX) + Ce B® (— AX CoA AX) Cs BH Ain Bx + tinh Be) + CBC Hm PX- Aik Bx» BW) 2c pi Him Bx + Henk Bx) + Ce BCH px — Arh Bx) : +C; B? (cos ox + thax) +c, 6° (— os Bx — cath Bx) We)s0 > ¢,=0 LH (0) =0 2 C,=0 1 py aoe CC nek + tinh Bh) ~ Cy tin Bh + Henk BL) =o dxt AM (ty noe Cas eds eth at)— caCerek + cath pl) = © Sething the diftrminant of, corypicent® of Cz amd Cy im Eps Ceend (G2) te geno, te Yuppemcy eppetion cam he obtained: = (— Him Bh + wink BRY(CoS BL + cath BL) + (sim ph + sink pl) (- ot 6h + oth ph) =0 or tam Bf - tanh Bh =0 For @ simply supported beam, the first three natural frequencies 0 =(bLY (E/palty® = 1 (FF att) * (GLY (er/pabey® = on* (€/pa Ht p> (Prt) (Ex/paltyt = ox (EI faq It) * 522For steel, & = 2-07 x10"! N/m™> p= 7880 *9/m3 , Lz bom. Setting oy = isco Hz = 9424-8 rad fee = m* fGorsel)e 4 we get 1, (#80) ACL) 2 9424-8 2107 x10! (4 ye 7970 (4) or FZ = 00347! (&) i + setting 3, < 5000 Hz = 3416-0 rad/ec = ort ffcoraw') 5 } we get 7980 A (4) Fz 010047617 jew (&) Let the beam have a rectangular section + Azwd, , ae? E28 Yj: Let Z= 0.005 to satisfy megualities (E;) ond (Ex). Then gt= 0-06 or d= 0: 2447 ™ Taking weaim (w tam have amy vale), we get Azurd= 0-02449 mt and ore b2eyo xt mt. From the Adufion of problem 931, we pire for Ain phe G=% Hence W(x) = Cy tin BX = Cy Ain 2 General pee vibration sotSion i w(at) =F Ain DP (Ay cot Oat + By Ain Ont) wet Wh eam vibrolis in te pout mode, wet) = tin T™ (Ay cot it + By Hm 9%) Bending momert in th beam M(x,t) = EL EY (xt) =- te sin BE (A, cot 2it +B, Am it) 5 ex w(z,t) op empty ybraton 2 the maximum Lending monet a | Max | = arery For the given data 10 [Minox] = an (20-5 x0! (CS 7) ) = 20-2328 N-™ 523WOE) = C, Cot Px Cy HePt Cy coh PX + Cy tinh BX 2 (x)= =, PT eS Bx - Cy A? Ain Bx + Cy AP cath Ax + C, 6 4ink BX x IW (x) = Cp? Ain Bx ~ CoP? CAR + Ca" Ainh fe GB” cath fx ew erizeyzos cincs (6) Er BM (0) =k we) > Eh (-C2t4) + & (C463) =0 7 ‘i cy (EI p’) + Cs 2 £1) + CAC ETB) <0 --- (2) er EW (L) 20 » ax* Cp Cain ph) + Cy(coth pt co BL) + C, (4ink BR )=0 --- sD EL PECL) = +f wl) > CaCerp? cot ph - ts sin pl) + C3 (Erp? sin plr erp sink pt = fr cot pl-tcoth phy 4 cy (Ex 8? cosh ph— ky sink pl) =O Selling tha ddttrminant of the cotfpieiendt of Cy tx amd G > Es) & Eq) te pero, we get te puppency eppalton : Er 2 1 ttt ' exp? eee erates eee ~ sin ph \ Gokph-ca pt) ak ph \cezp cs fl | (erp fain ple anhpl} | we Ain pl) | — 4 feos al oth p£}) Because of Aymmibiy, contiden only faly of lean to the fagt of M. Boundary condilins ane: wst)=0, et E%(0,t)=0 ont Bi Aymmiiy, BE ay ak xe be eu l,m sw =% ere eG ae bed W(x) = Cy Com Bx + oth Bx) + C2 CoS px-coth Bx) + Ca(sin Bx+ sinh Bx) + C4 (Ain BR- tink Bx) w(0) =0 » ¢,=0 PW (ey so C=? dz W(a) = Cy (Ain Bet aiah px) + Cy (in pam Aenk Bx) 5246 = B Cs (cot Bxt coh pe) +6C, (cof Bx — cork BX) Wx) = Cs (-co8 Bat coh px)- PIC, (cos Bx cot PX) a EE eS w(t) =0> 63(c8 O84 cash PL 4c, (ct OX — cosh at) 5° er Pu(t)--Pat wa) 2 ~~" ers? [eco Aca BB) = (es OL + cosh BLY] = -he late 3A 4 ink BLY + C, (sin BL — sinh AL) J---(6,) te, ce Ln ee cot BL = 0 Ri(- oo BA 4d im BL) + he (coth BE y a tinh Bh) 20 usher 2 R= C3+Cy > Re= %3-S, ye ne zex p By setting the cotgficcmt matrix +t Ry amd Ba eppok to sino, we obtain the co BE (cath BL +d wink BL) 4 cath BL (ccs Bh + a ain BL) =0 * — rftemk BL + tam BLY 22 For Conventence , set up tin a ma cotidinatis x, amd x2 ot shown. jt —-—t 4 Wi(Ki) = C) cob BX) + Cy Aim BX, +Cy Cath Bx, + Cy sinh Bx, BL (x) = =e, B Him ny tC BBM CAB Meh Bash CP cok BH Wl@)=0 > G+Cs 50 5 y= — Cy AB e@)=0 > C+ Cgs0 5 C2 % wm) = C3 (oth Bx, - oS 6x1) + 4 (tinh Bx) ~ 4m B%) ee (SS) woes 64 [Gahan Bm) (sen teh Yat px ot 2)] ap cath ---- &) W, (ea) = C/ coh BX2 + Cp Aim BX2 + cf coth Bx, + Cf Henk PXe 525We (x)= -< B Aim BX2 +1 B CoS BXa+C; B Hoh Pxr te, BHA w,(e)=0 > Ch =- 3 ds (0) =0 >» CL = - a) : y (sr pt= eh ty wi(L)=o> 3 =~ A pl — ook pl = 6, [Cembaxi— x _ (Ain Ph tink BLY (oth Bx,- oo BX, wala) = C4 [Cenk axa — ein x2) (See ae (es px aes] A (aot =- BE (net) sives sin BL— tink ph C4 [(coth Bt cos pl)- (Sareea )(Hink phx sin ph] +& [coh ph ct ph) — (nha set ph Se LEE Vata my] = FH Get) = - “= (e128) gives Cy [ee Bh inp) (EFA ET) (cat pls ct pl) ] +6; [Geek + nin Bh) - as ses ) (oth ps cot 8) J] 3 Since the detinminant of the cotpfictemts ob Cy ond aa + Es) and (64) 4 iderfEcably zero, we set the cot at ti oy cy om ch mm (Es) amd (Eq) pero. This Leads te the fugpemcy eppalions cos Bk wih ph = 1 ant tam ph = tank pl («3s) General free vibration solution of a simply suppdtid beam is wats = din ST% (Ay cot Ont + Buin Ont) wet “ at to, 38 (x0) = 0 amd et EF (x0) = §, ue EB, Hin zo A Bee ned and = et nme Br Z A(AY He TE = & ----@)Mudbplying (Er) by Ain BE ond inkignating from o tit, we 7 t -2t_ in SEE alt $ Ane aan J § tin BE de 2 BE (1- ot wn) 4h M °F oe L3.5,--- . 7 ‘ ad 2 Ghdion ty tye th weer Let weds (t-F)) ; ay a a Ne ex (GR) a= Ge eee p= f eA {way }* de = oe fe (Gy & = shet oe x tte G9) _ i120 er, o Lp Ah) ~ FAG At ana pe)” @) ate a milion for @ wiggfim Lean er 2a = = $Gty- ga OE ----(€) bet oes y= EE wa(z) TCE) where UCxd= ni ncimal mode saltigying te Leumdany conditions amd the egualion ex fH 2 ot ph 5 ONE 42,00. ---- (2) &y-(E.) becomes for the assumed solution, ere a T(t) = F(x t)— pA = Wye) + a ---- &) which , in view of (E,)» becomes z, ah Wyle) Tat) = Ao Fest) — Emo a Soe) mattiplying Ey. (Eq) by Wel? amd inttpetteg from o & 2, we gt dos aoe sol t = Ap RL) ---- &) RCE) = i F(t) Wnl2) de ---- &) Note that th aitkegenality of ndtmal moder, nomely, 527£ ° x = Wa(®) W(x) de = g omer S fe fy 4 men 4 uted in deriving (E5)- the Adlulion 4 Gy: (Es) cam be webbon ax Tat) = be CA nt + Be fin Ont + © Tas Since) ano, @-2) de where Ay ond By ome constant? en dibttimined ---- €7) from initial conditions. That the tata atom cam be a 2 , . Ba ant arab) =D [be A Ont + Be tre + ne @) for o simply auppielid beam, Wy(x) = Ain ATX L For the given kL » &) be k= & am Hence 7) becomas Seley a og (t-2) ae]weo ----&) Hin AOR ain oot wot (By Th(E) = 2h sf? os er «rt L be @ wfnit hone x [ex y= “E Vga = fundamental freguimey of the b Thus the fdtead ot : ws.t)= 2h ge ne - RP Tg CE) “ : wher net nh (nt- ‘gy Derivation of Ey.(&s): . Tg shear deformation is zero, m= EI ae + (8-131) => av aor * oe tSA GE +t . an m va pt oF em av pp Oe % 2) > am vege FE, Sm Bape Se rw - atu "OR aa ae F798 ee it gos aw . __oe (et “ erie teh ve ~ PE eye - F =0 (4 Derivation oy (60): (Ei) becomes, for $-=0» 528sz tw J ots ot two, (2) fA axt * at® — &® dxtatt anaes % wats c Fin coh 09, » Ey. (6.2) becomes “(Ey ot A (ata? <0 ie. wo = a ary . at nt at a(arye re se CEy (+ tee) Derivation of (Er): 4 (s2) Tf volary inertia is neglected, m= ex 36 +) = #AG(S- BE) (ex) & (8-131) > -M4 $s pa BE (3) fp: (8-132) => * -v =0 (=) ee (G4) ond (E-2), (E3) amt (Ee a. cam be written ov g = pa Ue ~#ac (28-22) +f apa te adel oat, fF | fA or . “ 3e> Go tang ~ #ag 3 oa aml er ae = 4A6($- 3 )=0 2, - 26 vu iy E-6 o EL a ($F ) -ag 2 3é + AG TE €-«) Substitition of ie 5) inde (6.6) gives ex tw , ex af svAer ater =$+prtteo €7) ax* * KAG Bat GAG Bratt erty. pases fer de 15 (61) 20, (7) becom Tg fo. (7) becomes 28 xe beat Derivation of (Es): With — a3(x,t) = C sin = ch yt, E-1) gives 2 ot nt nt a. = Mt ge PF) Multiply cy. (8-83) by w(x) omd imbignalz from 0 & f+ A atw a ch 2 £ wey SY dx = ef [wer]* de This shows that the sign of c3* will be same as that of the 529Lest hand oe term. tntegrating the Left hand side expresrin by pot, ve 2H (0. volt - - tod soo +f" [ee co] ax) = common frumdary ee the first fin fines i (ED will be zero, and (G,) will be positive. Hence 09" is positive. Simply " gupported end : Wee) = aw Fixed end: W(x)= LS F ds dw gy reeend: HW ogy « Equation of motion: ow & B oe Ww ; 1 Sy tea Se Fo sinwt For steady state response, we assume the particular solution as, -w(x,t) = W(x) sin wt Substitution of Eq. (2) into (1) gives aw a 7 Fo at pac EL eee where c’ a ‘The complete solution of Eq, (3) can be written as Fy W(x) =; cos Bx + Cp sin Bx +Cy cosh Bx +O, sinh fx — — p where fat ‘The boundary conditions for a simply supported beam are W(e=0) = 0 am (x=0) =0 Worn) =0 aw qrot)=0 (10) Equations (7) and (5) give: Cy + C3 ~ Fo =0 11) pAc oy) 530Equations (8) and (5) yield: 0, # +0; =0 or Cy =Cy (12) Eqg. (11) and (12) provide: Fo =e (13) nn Ke Eqs. (0) and (5) give: Fy é+cosh BE cya pe rcyaan pen Re, [eet ee 1] (4) Eqs. (10) and (5) yield: =, sin BE +C, sinh Pe= ; (0s 8€ ~ cosn 86) (18) Solution of Eqs. (14) and (18) gives: Fo Fo Be = yeaa ae TOP aoa as) --—"__a- Fo tan BE 7 = a anbe OI a on) ‘Thus the complete came becomes a i z (cos x + cosh 62} + tan £4 i: tanh 26 sok 6x—2]sin ut wat) = F(t) = mew sin ot L on ie (21) = 104.72 rad/oec. 2 a L ama F(t) =me o? sin wt = (0.5) (104.72*) sin 104.72 t = Fp sin wt (1) where Fo = 5483.1392N ; w= 104.72 rad/sec Steady state response of the beam ean be expressed as: w(xst) = 5S Wale) ant) ) where the normal modes, W,(x), are given by (see Fig. 8.15): W,(x) = sinh A, x —sin By x +04 [cosh 8, x — co0 A x) (3) 531sinh 6, ¢ —sin By € fi cos By, € — cosh By & © ‘The generalized force, Q,(t), can be expressed as: . and a, = ‘ Qt) = f thet) Wale) dx = Fo Wa (E) sin wt 6) ° The steady state values of the generalized coordinates, qa(t), are given by Eq. (8.117): ‘ a) = J Q4(r) sin on (9) dr FWA) 2 ~ ona finer Goo ar (6) where b= f W(x) dx=¢ (7) ° The integral of Eq. (6) can be evaluated as: ‘ Jame fing Soy r= snes fa * ta a sein uy t f > sin 2a, rdr—cos uy tf > (1 —cos 2 4 7) dr 3 ° sin ut — t cos uh t aa (8) Thus q,(t) can be expressed as é Fo Wal) (se tral eeu arm i 18.2771 w,(£) = ——____ sin w, t —t cos uy ¢) (9) oe The steady state response of Eq, (2) can be expressed as é « Walz) ‘w(x,t) = 18.2771 Wy (x) fein wy t—t cos wy 4 m (10) al mot te Steady state displacement of the beam F(t)=woe ow can be expressed as wat) = Ss Wale) aa(t) ® tet) ey f}-—— mm —_ where the normal modes, W,(x), are given by (see Fig. 8.15) 532W,(z) = Cy [ia Ae x —sinh Py x — 04 (cos By x — cosh By 3] sin 8, ¢ +sinh f, ¢ an reece and the generalized coordinates, aa(t), are given by @aa(t) at? tub al) = see Ql) ‘ where Q,(t) = f f(x,t) Wa(x) dx = F(t) Wa(4) 0 ‘The steady state solution of Eq. (5) is given by ‘ a= Spay {Mle sin, (Oar ‘ where b= [ W(x) dx =¢ t 7 t J Qa(7) sin wy (b — 7) dr = 100 W, (4) fe“ 1? sin uy (t — 7) dr ° 0 == 10 W(Qeet t ° p19 gin ug (b 2) ( Fn Xazeo, An Bb =0 Ame ME (MEN), Bye BE (we teteeee) fy poomne be amd the Prrerpording diuplacement solution is Ham (% 9st) = in BEE sin MEE (A cot Guat + Ber nn) General solution ix w(eyt)= 2B w,, (at) f ot, = ow (+t) ™ 2S tn TEE ain PTY (A, Ot Opgt + BL, fm Sant) General Solution (8) wleyt) = SS = sin PT sin BEE (AL, 028 ant + Brun Si” emt) mat ne (8) Tf wrlege) = 4, (xx) - 3} oszsa, ord BE (3,0) = tH (% 4) } ceye 1 (@) &- (ED gives = z Amn sin PEE sin PTZ = wy (x,y) (&) EB Gay Brn sin PTE sin any = % (x4) (&) mat net These are double Fourier sine series expansions 9 that 4 mmx Ayn = SE Pie Ls wu; (%) sin TS tin 252 dx dy b Say fe sin TE sin EE de fin TZ sin DEH dy (69) ab ‘° wo ase joe =-—_4 * . , wm £ f U5 Gy) sin PEE sin DE de dy no Jao = 0 for given date (E) 539Using the relation Jsin at sin pt dee af apt sin (weet jinop ? =+P %-(Es) can be simplified as An. = Ae fpf sin DE “Ih pesos ODES a (ort)Ty 4 m" one =] ab Sar = 0 for m>1 ond/or n>t () For m=4 and n=1, &. (Es) can be simplified as 4M po b Au= ae f Sin TX ay f sin? TS dy = wy &) w(my,t) = wy sin TE sin os wt with w= ferme (ae #)}" (from the solution of panne 8-52) General sduskion + © w(x,4t)= zz, Ain DE pin Hn TEE (Ayn A Sra + Brg A Grant) TF w(x, ¥,0) = CEES BE (Ye) t(xy) y' of xsa, of yeh EEL Bey Hin PEE tin OTF an (x,y) b met net z = 4. By tin EX tim SEE = (2,4) there ou doubl Fourier sine over eapomtions of Wy (x,¥) % (%F)- woe LL pce) tom BEE =o & Feen dodew Bron = A din OTE ate dy = Onn £ (en de dy = SE [aweeefham oy using the ylation Siete = § [ea ) fm 540Ey. (€,) fecomes a= 4% 2 [him COTE Ain (MH) TX) | eo eee - ee maa met J 2 [sin CO-DTE gp HT \ IE = —t 5 ) } ° wa nee =0 m#i amd n #2. B= 4u, iv 2 amy 12 (Lf Hoh TE dx [ax dy . 4% (e+ =ee2) at a Bh = a neeeeeeL ee Ban (2E 2 s wy) 2 = 4% (¢) (4) = ab Oy ( 2) On warty = ain ME an OTE in yt nm Fundamental natural freguency of transverse vibration is 855 oven a wos + B) for rectangular membrane of sides... «@) ol ay and by with --@) @) For ors cm (2) os) (©) For a,=2bi, areas a,b) a* = 24? r So bsafes azz a wiser (a+ H)= (5) oo (Ey) @) From solution of problem 8-50, M. Sundamental natural Frequency of a circular membrane of radius R is given by Wy F ue =o fh where WR= 2404 = first zero of Bessel function of the first kind. Since Raa, R2 O/T and _ 2.404 7 was (HE) =o (HH) 6) 541F (t)-dx eet) v+dv ( ™M M+dm de Kuda pads Tr wnt) ate () Tf Load due t the car moves with w constant velocity v, in the x-direction, F(,t)= Fle- Vet) e) Equilibrium eguations ore WHav) - v= Fe(est) de + wurde =_ pads a av 2, or ge Fe(mt) + tur = pa BE (Ez) ond (med) — me (vt dv) dx + F(x, t) dx 42 20 or = om : oe Vv =e Gs) ing (E3). (Ex) can be rewritten as a 2, Be Blot) + kw = -pate G) a a (s) Ey (E,) and (65) lead to a (er te = Foust) + eu = pate &) For o uniform beam, (E,) Simplifies to, in view of (E1)» A + exo + pat + eu = F (z-v,t) (1) (b) Solution: Defining y= 2z- v,t (€s) F- (67) can be expressed as or 2 yt, et oe + pay, Set ee = Rs) ©) Let Ff = cmcentrated toad. then the governing equation ak all points of the beam, except at y=o0, & dtur 2 dt er ty tray at kur so (€.) Solution of (Ei) can be expressed af 542wiy)= eX (E1) Substitution of (€)) into (E~) gives ex wt + pavr + % 20 (En) whose roots can be expressed as M22 t (@+ib) , 4,4 = + (@-ib) (7) with 2 evita, belied, co : \ ETE En) = (Hiy% Va “* and d= Gz) it } Thus the solution of (Ej) becomes = Oy “ad “ay yy wits Ae + Ae + Are? + Aye (Es) where A; (i= 12.3.4) are constants which can be determined §Srom the following conditions: aS ake } deflection & bending moment are gro ok yo zero of Ysa BE ae ak yoo } spe zero under He food er oe -er 4S] =P] shear force has 493 |y 20% ° a discontinuity hey er ae eit under the load Ww) = ss Ee (L-F Se (atl xt—2f 3) dw, _ co vac + 4x? 6h x") ‘dx ~ Quer Bee ga Gttewtouby wees [A(ERY ae = aes Gia) [Oren eal =_o L* 720 & L ) d= ga S) (way des ly [tet tate = pAb o 362880 e* 77 543N _ (cEA") (362890 et") _ ggg ez > 720 EF, PAR ce ) = pARe w= 22-4499 [EF Patt This can be compored with the exact solution (Fig- 815) = & 2 Ex er Wxoct = 4730041) lear = 22-3733 mai W(x) = Co (4- cs 25%) aw. Ws co a sin 2M atw oo() wees fl Gey ae oar oF) ep = ane! wi /y? L . = pA 5 (wey ax = a ce f (14s BF tes OF) = seh pal/s N _ went er Nos 4m Er 2 @= 22-7930 Compare this with exact = (4: 780081" = 22-3733 [£2 alt From strength of materials, 7a /hength the static deflection curve is given by ~/—_— £ ——4 = Wy x* w(x) = Sx (L-x) (2x32) = Ts : (sx? — 2x4 -3t*x*) ee oe (15 lt —2 x? 6 f? x) dw 2 Se (5 fx-4x*- f*) dat ae 2 295 N= er J? ne f ‘(ey am 320 EL 544‘ p= fa ff (wey de = hso90 xe ® Se PAL? ° e* 1? This can be compared, with the exact velne eract = @-926602)" | a = ie.dige We)= Canes); oc xed oe Gxt) tered ty (Fer Cott) 5 os xe kh " gig (Gxt) 5 Le xed £ Trax o% beam Je [we]* 4x f t ha (gata rth aextyder fo (Ol «] % = hot {ene I 4608 EI" - ee te atht 96 L 2 atta ue hot | sete allt sfx] + [se - at, 2 - wee so ff ie], = ser = Ke £( ASS a wed fran Of mast = Lm nag lene stmt Wee am y 6 = me = 13-6 xi C# ei B (ta) err 2 mol Tron ttah = 5x0? Bees L” ingnss TEE = tr’ 545Vox = g fier (ie ye Soe (st (iot4 rahe de + f (ewe et ae “aa [CF e Pee (peat fs ey] ed Trax thal = Vmax ger 2 2590-7 EI BBAET (sue S pal’ + 126 Go mE) Aspat siren) coe some er ane My= pals mass of beam LP(5 Me (86 Let we= 6 (\- $= 6 (1+ F-2B) a = ew 2642) ae 4 co" Toa = fone Duo T ae = oes Prop Ry = sae [z+ te ak ant xy! + sp ], potas cdt arom Van = £ ft eno (SS) + = 4 Gt Trax = Verax gives sh tw ie : 1 x0 * «& iu age ose et ) - Vax = SEP (BMY de + ge Bote] ad ty [Beco] 546“4 e*r* , ke dW izetyJt= ke .2 _2f * Cae y]"= & ct amd tex [ Cae HY ae ot 2% = Se From solution blem 9.57) a= ( lstion of probleng.57) Vag * et ecthh mcd if 40EL 128 err? 72 etr* Tmex = wt pa ct 2 2 s3.c2 g? ble wx = OPN [my] dx = cop (Ge) from problem f J a (Giez 8.57 Vax = Tmax gives 2 er * ' h, oe ae page tt Tey + 69284 aE) - eR) Hea Trax = zy! paw} ax 2 wend gf (La ws sect = APE a Ete me (be ET FZ each non = ESM = gerce m (3 Ee if Trae = Vmax qed wt= 4#ercint 4 = 519-52 EL [ apace fg palt « = 22-7930 [EE PA Lt Ulx)= ¢ Ain SH (x), EAC) au _ mx ———— a dx oF uw Aon Vane *£ ftengo (22) dz . a ° 547“a reat 2) (5 = cof EE. de ae Ey [fl ee if 7 = EAgc (ay Tae = Fhe ce + = = (1+4) We tone the diylickion eutwe satiipying the a (04) = w(as4) = w(x,0) 2 u(x,b)=0 oF w(x,4) = OXY (x-@)(¥- b) BT = cy (=a) (9-b) + G xy (¥-b) BF = cx (x0) (4-6) + C24 (x2) (EY + (EY = te (ay eet yO deta (eal (gob ctxt yt Gat Pht yts Rada B) + PP ab) se yt ey ay ev) +P Cebel) + xyt C20) + xx Coast) + xy (406) panty? sot Co) 4 ty Cry g(a bt) 4 cy Cobar) + PY C20) 4x? (ral) + SY (40b)+2 7? G20) ] 548ob {L1GEy+G wiley = (aes) aye 3 yt Wop = ot [xt gt ead grate abd y ro xe wabxty + 2ab sy? 4rab x y- b £ wr de dy = cf a! V/oo = 2 (3b?) (b+) 45 Vaae= = ora Toon = EEE 900 Vmax = Tmax gives u,= 4-472! % Exact Vole of y= ae rho pret eZ] For a shaft under torsion, the shear stress (r) induced at a radius r from the center of the cross section is given by Mi(x) r T () where M;(x) = torque at section x. The potential energy of the shaft is given by the strain energy: 1 1 velisiz gigqruc Using Eq, (8.61): Max) = os & Eq. (2) can be expressed as ‘ 1 36 Vi f Gijz| & The kinetic energy of the shaft can be written as ‘ 2 1 a6 = 1 jpps|S| & z{? (2 By assuming a harmonic variation of O(x,t) as O(a, t) = Ofx) cos w t and equating Vizax t0 Tmax» We obtain 549 () (3) (4) 6) (8)pos (2) olay = a e fos dx 0 For the shaft shown in Fig. 8.36, = 80 (10°) N/m? ; pg =76.5kN/m? m a 32 Let O(x) be assumed to vary linearly on either side of the dise for simplicity: 3 0 %- P( a6 cad e 2 ) ay ax grave ax 7 2Y . i at ao , B-w aRne sive 551P(adUrake Hy) ap (Beak) =0 7 PCa 4” 16, 2B) ap (ati +al) = len 2 A 5_ pots” ‘e va(hrt eB) aa (gent LEE )=0 o(mett- EE) + (ert. HE) ae selfing the detvminamt of the corticients of Cc, and cy Bb yrwo gus (GPP prot ide Oh a 2272”) = (peek batter ere) =e ie) gt — ua (Lz)o* + wor (Fa) = 2 2 r +. w= 9.9697 a? Wo2-1302 Foe m fh 7F First mode Third mode “ &s Rite [PO , G8, = 10-1059 Exact solution ws + (3, = 31416 , ys G2es2 fF _, wy= vanes | P + jor : pit , se A 3 7 @) Veas = du 'U(x)= > vane = # ea) ae | ush= * eit 2 ie “flea a4 = EAS fy umiftom beam at i 7k e _ 2 2 se ot Trax = ae = ohpact t for smigdim beam Tmax = Vox ue w= 26 E es 8G, = 4°73205 | =— a pF 5527 ' (6) Venax = EA (" fdu.)* 1 Ut hae FI (oe ' a ' =H PLES, reer] ie Tron = pot 8, hae ! te [ave = east Ts sitet dhesaal ] Egs-(En) ond (En) of Example #12 give 2 ay 2% _ ot te %w 0 ond aq, 7 7 3a =? 1) whi = FATch4e 4 ct ere x = Ales fee rzcice] (€-2) ond Ys sak [Fee bere toes] (e-3) eps. (8-1) t (e 2) give a(Sh-4 boreal) +c2( SR -tat pal) =0 Lh a ($ep-gateaty + (St 4 8'tAt) Frequency eqpetion is — @-#) (-@ 4 (¢-4) where = oe N= 248596, 32-1307 * Oy= 4.57669 aE » Wye 5+ 67280 oe " " Tr x 2K Vora Ae Th + ce te IE pe du x : — Be Retpeeem) Popo %, (BY [[iea gen aey & L(t gact E «| + oes r) 4 Vinex = Using He relations feo? EX dan E+ ae 553x -A an Ie fae It dee 2% XL pin EH 2h zr am fin Te ain in TE. tim UTS gy = “Zo [an TE 4 - ms a LAS T.zr2k _ tt om ie Tone AEE [E(u F) wk bec (Lan E-Ltt)] = EAT? = xe aK [¢ (43 TRE) FE) cer(h sat han] vesaler(th- Sain) 4 cb (Hh) 4 cee (San B- Lan zy] _ 2 L : Sao De ber dm F)+a(Rae ks eat] = sae [pei(o so4shy + er(1-2405 2) J = aet- (at) +o (hse Ey ean = [ea (2h) +e( 1.2405 £) J BR " x =f ea wh Le tin T) oe (Evin F- Kain OE) J = pale, (05287 2) + c,(0-1378 £) ] a eaLce (thy +e (t wen B-L te #)] = PAL 62633332) + ¢, (0.1978k) J 5542X _ pt BY 2% _ gt 2Y ive BX _ wt 2 =o amd - 20 9 C2 ae, 2a 8G “ (4E 040225 — pA@*L 1.0576) +e (= o- 31012 — pA h 01378) = 0 Q ( AR 9. s1012 — pach 01380) +e( ar go — ghorh para) = Freqpenty eppalion ix (or4oes ear pace eer - (SE a 31012 — pAw*L 0-130)” so 30 — paarh 13733) bee 4 25+ 7-76 92 = e. “9 as-toro o* (Fa + 17 (=) wt = (25:7090 + 18-7010) -. 2 Pe Oye 18719 » OF Ue@)= cao TE 4g ain UE, ext 37% Vmax = £ ff eae UY de niffien (5 (EF (fe tre rcp ct TE + cece ot EE cot OE Gr) ax 2 AQT? 2 SEAT 3EAoT™ = t+ t)ecy 2eAeT 4.)+6¢ ea rs #)+ 7 ee ed)e + 7 mite * zh x\r2 2 re Tax = Sf" meu de = MO £ G3) (ot wet G +h tin” a 20,62 Ain TE hia Kin iE) a is tet (t-S)+ 4 atmo ae + Ge, 20tmet oe aca ete (086085) + cr She (#90165) + c1C2 fe (us) Yo ch moh (0868) + cd wat (0:23974) + Cen a (220264) a =t Efe (173370) + Ce Eft (15) 555aX. ¢ she 15) + G Fhe (u-¢0330 2K = cy S92 (5) Ey ( ») ay 24 in + Camel (0- 20264) Cy weg mph (0-20246) + Co moh (0-47742) 2 2 . 2x 2 av . 2%? BY =0 ve But teo ont HSB -o 9 (ee (73370 — @ mh 0-2973¢) +6,(Ehe 15- wmf 0-20264) = 0 . 2 ai( Efe (5 - ohm, h 020246) + co Ehe 1.60330 - Gm 0.47749) =o Freguency egpakion it (ee 1-7337- a9*m,h O- 29736) (E42 1-6033- mk 0. 47742) - (= 1s — & mh o- 20264" = or gt _ 36. 364 o* (EA) 4 17704292 ( ° w= (e388 + 24: 718) Bhs. EAo| 7 4 y= 24062 | EA >, = 58-5299 | EAe 5 vm, ft . m, For © atring, - i phaw at (hte 9 pan? £ fh Wd Te fp whee Here W(z)= Cx (L-*) + Ce x*(f-2* “ = Charen t2cek x -6 hr + eax f 2 gf Cc, +E +02 TE oe = feat fi 9 7 ftw ed Lad Lorca dk ct maz amd Vaz» We gb t= & whee x Tite eet ee 4c. = PF 7 os 6 2 gs ’ 7 od ve £Cet Lea cd Bee ccs LY 7 a(9*) _ 2(8*? 20 yell ey. (Eu) and (En) of Example 213. ac aco 556X Pre, Sh ac, #77, BY x gt Rr lhe Ge], Re fla eee Te] X _ yt - eh? _ postgs pe pate?) _ Bee oF as 2(45- te )=e ax _ gate roti? 2p? pore) 3-0-0 2 (GE EEE) wea (ae fo) = 0 By tle tx dct of th calf ficient mabitix of Cama cy Gyro, we gek the puypincy eppalion at d ar wi (we) 2 Ge ie Gos- As) whe y= ght, 7 Ajo 19722, Age (02+ 4144 2 Ops 3-142 [Po woiz ft * 40 op Ve = uzA + Wok =O Results of Ex8_72 Seats ee anes R aaa ree oneal 1. beta = 0,01 3.173097¢+000 >>programl2 6.299059e+000 Roots of nonlinear equation 3, beta = 1.0 Data: >>programl2 n= 2 Roots of nonlinear equation xs = 5,000000e-001 xinc = _1,000000e-003 Data: nint = 5000 n= 2 iter = 10000 xs. = 5,000000e-001 eps = 1.000000e-006 xinc = _1.000000e-003 nint = 5000 iter = 10000 Roots eps = 1.000000e-006 3.144773e+000 6.284776e+000 Roots 2. beta = 0.1 8. 603336e-001 >>programl2 3.425618e+000 Roots of nonlinear equation Data: n 2 xs = 5.000000e-001 xine = _1.000000e-003 nint = 5000 iter = 10000 eps = 1.000000e-006 5574, beta = 10.0 >>programl2 Roots of nonlinear equation Data: n= 2 xs = 5.000000e-002 xinc = _1.000000e-003 nint = 5000 iter = 10000 eps = 1,000000e-006 Roots 1,428870e+000 7,228110e+000 5. beta = 100.0 >>programl2 Roots of nonlinear equation Data: n= 2 xs = 5.000000e-001 xine = _1,000000e-003 nint = 5000 iter = 10000 eps = 1.0000000-006 Roots 1,585245e+000 2.644501e+001 Results of Ex8_73 >>programl2 Roots of nonlinear equation Data: ao= 5 xs = 2,000000e+000 xine = _1,000000e-003 nint = 50000 iter = 100000 eps = 1.000000e-006 Roots 4.730041e+000 7,853205e+000 1,099561e+001 1.41371 7e+001 1.727876e+001 w(ti2,t) Sold line: one term Dotted line: two terms on 0.08 0.06} 0.04 0.02] 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08} a4 0 0.01 O02 0.03 004 0.05 006 0.07 008 009 0.1 t 558a eeem 50. (4-1) #0.1/s00; (G*n/ (pi"2)') * ( ein (pitx/1) *cos (pivert (4) /1) wats) = ( a9h/(pit2) ) (pareve (4)/1) = sin (3*pitx/1) *co8 (3*pi end plot (tut); bold on; plot (t) v2, 1:9); slabel 'e'); ‘label (1w(2/2,t)*) title (‘solid line: one term Dotted line: two terms!) ; Results of Ex8_75 1. beta = 0.01 3. beta = 1.0 Please input N: Please input N: 5 5 Please input XS and XINC: Please input XS and XINC: 1.0 0.01 1.0 0.01 ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION DATA: Dari N=5 N xs =1 xs = XINC = 0.01 XINC = 0.01 NINT = 5000 NINT = 5000 ITER = 10000 ITER = 10000 EPS = 1e-006 EPS = 1e-006 ROOTS: RooTs: 3.14477252 3.42561846 6.28477645 6.43729818 9.42583887 9.52933441 12.56716634 12.64528722 15. 70859986 15.77128487 2. beta = 0.1 4. beta = 10.0 Please input Please input N: 5 5 Please input XS and XINC: Please input XS and XINC: 1.0 0.01 1.0 0.01 ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION DATA: DATA: Nes N=5 XS = 1 XS =1 XINC = 0.01 XINC = 0.01 NINT = 5000 NINT = 5000 ITER = 10000 ITER = 10000 EPS = 1e-006 EPS = 1e-006 ROOTS: ROOTS: 3.17309718 1.42887002 6.29905936 7,22810977 9.43537598 10.20026259 12.57432316 13,21418568 15.71432680 16.25936123 5595. beta = 100.0 Please input N: 5 Please input XS and XINC: 1.0 0.01 ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION DATA: nas xS=1 XINC = 0,01 NINT = 5000 ITER = 10000 EPS = 1e-006 ROOTS: 1.55524515 3578466751 4512916593 51.36179625, 54.47903674 Results of Ex8_76 Please input N: 5 Please input XS and XINC: 1.0 0.01 ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION DATA: N=5 XS = 1 XINC = 0.01 NINT = 5000 ITER = 10000 EPS = le-006 ROOTS: 4.73004075 785320462 10.99560784 14,13716549 17.27875966 © PROGRAM 12.F C MAIN PROGRAM FOR CALLING THE SUBROUTINE NONEQN ¢ Cannannes eee © FOLLOWING 3 LINES CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA ‘DIMENSION X(5) DATA N,XS,XINC,NINT, ITER, EPS 2 /S,1.0,0.01, 5000, 1000, 0.000001/ ¢ END OF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA PRINT 10,N,X8,XINC, NINT, ITER, EPS 10 FORMAT (///28H ROOTS OF’ NONLINEAR EQUATION, //,6H DATA:,/, 2 2H'N,4x,2H'=,14,/,3H XS,3%,2H =,E15.6,/,8H XINC =,E15.6,/, 3° GH NINT’ =,T4,//8H ITER’ =,34,/,9H EPS | =,E15.6) 560CALL NONEQN (N,X,XS,XINC,NINT, ITER, EPS) PRINT 20, (X(I), T21,6) 20 © FORMAT (//,7H ROOTS:,/, (E15.6)) STOP ‘SUBROUTINE NONEQN (N,X,XS,XINC, NINT, ITER, BPS) DATA NP, II,CC,DELX /1,0,0.0,0.0/ DIMENSION X(N) AsF (XS) IF (A) 13,22,13, aa IF (XS) 13,12,13 1200‘ TistTea X(TT)=0.0 XS=XS+xINC AeF (XS) 1300 BARR ‘AsF (XS) IF (CC .LT. Xs) Cc=xs IF (NP .GT. NENT) GO To 18 XS=KS+XINC Np=NP+T IP (A/AA) 14,16,13 14 -ESeXS-XINC XINCN=XINC/S..0 Tel. 15 DELX=P (1S) #XINCM/ (F(XS+XINCN) -F (XS)) XS=XS-DELX ITERI=I IF (ABS(DELX) .LB. BPS) Go TO 16 IF (CC «LT. XS) CCaxS IeIs1, IF (I-TTBR) 15,15,16 as TfelTe1 X(T) =xS XS=CCHXINC IF (II-N) 17,18,18 17 AaP(xS) XS=XS+XINC IF (A -BQ. 0.0) AsF(XS) Go To i3 18 CONTINUE RETURN END ce c ¢ FUNCTION FIY) ¢ THIS FUNCTION TS PROBLEM-DEPENDENT ce co FUNCTION F(Y) P= ¥* TAN(Y) - 0.01 RETURN END ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION DATA: N 5 XS =~ 0,100000E+01 INC = 0,1000008-01 Mint =5000 ITER =1000 EPS = 0.1000008-05 561rs: (0.324477E+02, 0.628478E+01 0.9425848+01. 0.125672E+02 0.257086z+02 FONCTION F(¥) ‘THIS FUNCTION IS PROBLEM-DEPENDENT ganaag FUNCTION F(Y) FY * TAN(Y) - 0.2 RETURN END ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION 5 0.100000z+02 = _0,1000008-02 5000 21000 BPS = 0.1000008-05 Roors: 0.3173108+01 0.629906E+01 019435388401 0.1257438+02 0.1571438+02 FONCTION F(Y) THIS FONCTION IS PROBLEM-DEPENDENT FONCTION F(¥) P= ¥* TAN(Y) - 1.0 RETURN =D ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION pam woos XS = 0,1000008+02 XINC = 0,100000B-01 NINT =5000 ITER =1000 BPS = 0.2000008-05 ROOTS: 0,342562E+01 0.643730E+01 0.952933E+01 01126453E+02 0.157713E+02 Cannes ¢ © FUNCTION F(Y) ¢ THIS FUNCTION IS PROBLEN-DEPENDENT 562FUNCTION F(x) P= ¥* TAN(Y) - 10.0 RETURN =D ROOTS OF NONLINEAR EQUATION DATA: No 5 XS = (0.1000008+01 XINC = _0.1000005-01 NINT =5000 ITER =1000 EPS 0.1000008-05 Roots: 1428878+01 ‘722a11B+01 {1020038402 1321428402 11625948402 © FUNCTION F(¥) ¢ THIS FUNCTION IS PROBLEM-DEPENDENT ¢ ce FUNCTION F(¥) F = ¥* TAN(Y) - 100.0 RETURN END ROOTS OP NONLINEAR EQUATION pars Noe 5 xs 0.1000008+01 xINc 0.1000008-01 NINT =5000 ITER =1000 EPS 0.100000E-05 Roots: 0.155525E+01 0.357847E+02 0.607154E+02, 0.638345E+02, 0.6695435+02, Freguency eguation for a fixed- fixed beam is (from Fig. 8-15)z cos pl ch BL -4=0 The main program, the function F(Y) and the output are given below. 563c © PRUGK Ad . © BAIN PRUGRAM FOk CALLING THE SUBROUTINE HONEUN ¢ Ce: C FULLUWING LIES CONTAIN PROBLEN-DEPENDENT DATA DIMENSION X(5) DATA U,H1NT, LTER,EPS/5,50,100,0.000001/ 2 ALNC2O65 C END UF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA WRITE (12,10) N,XS,XINC,NINT, LTER EPS 10 FORMAT (//,281 ROOTS UF HONLINEAK EQUATION,//,6H DATA,/, @ AMM, 4K, 2H 5,145/43H XS, 3X,2H =,E15.6,/,8H XINC =,E15.6,/, 3° BH NINT =,14,/,BH ITER =,14,/,9H EPS E15.) CALL HONEQM (i¥/X,XS,XINC, MINT, ITER EPS) WRITE (12,20) (X11) ,11=1,8) 20° FORMAT (//,7H ROUTS?,/, (E15.6)) sTUP Eno ¢ c FUNCTIOa FOX) € THIS FUNCTION 13 PRUBLEM-OEPENDENT c FUNCEIOW FO) FsCUS(Y)#CUSH(Y)*1.9 RETURI env ROOTS UF NONLINEAR EQUATION oaTa: N 5 xs 0, 200000E+01 XINC v.50D000E+00 NANT 50 LTER = 100 EPS = 0. 100000E=u5 ROUTS: 0.473004E401 0,785320E+uL 9, 10995 0E +02 0.441372E¢02 .172788E1U2 From Example 8.7, the nth mode shape is given by Wa = Cin {e Ax = coth yx) - (co Pal ~ cath py 2 (orarnseteh Ain yl = Atnck Bk where p,f = 3-926602 , 7-068583, 10-210176 , [3-351768 for n= 1,2,3,4, the program and vesults are given below, 564annana DIMENSION XC3),H(4,9) m4 wey Mp=10 cn = NUMBER OF KNDE SHAPES TU BE CUMPUTED cia = AUMBER OF STATIONS 1H THE BEAN AT WHICH VALUE OF DEFLECTION c IS ReyUIRED a) NUABGR UF SEGMENTS 1H THE BEAM C WOW,M) = MATRIX CONTAINING THE NODE SHAPES IN ROWS DATA K/3.9260U2, 1.068583, 10,210176,13,351768/ ¥5X( 1) #REAL(J)/REAL (MD) WisXUI) 20 WC, J)S(COSCY) “COSH(¥) )=€ (COS (YY) “COSH (TY) )/(SINC(YY)=S1NHCYY)))# 2 (SINC)-SINN(E)) 30 © CONTINUE WRITE (86,30) FORMAT (//,2X,4311 MODE SHAPES OF FLXED-SIMPLY SUPPURTED BEAM,/) vO 40 1=1,N 40 WRITE (86,50) 1,(W(1,0),Jet.m) 0 FORMAT (/,2X,6H MODES, 14,4E15,6,/,(12X,4615.6)) sTuP ew MODE SHAPES OF FIXED: 30 PLY SUPPORTED BEAN MODES 1 -U,133996E400 -0,455738E400 -0.848519E+00 -0.120675E+01 TO.L41486EFOL -0,150550E+01 -0,136498E+01 -0,103456E+01 7U,557241£400 MODE: 2 -0,382233E+00 =0,107449E+01 =0,149510E401 -0,131923E+01 70,570351E+00 0,422676E+00 0,119881E+01 —0,139349E+01 0.9171 75E+00 MODE: 3. =0,690370E#00 -0.147476E+U1 0,130049E+01 70.120557E901 70,112212E+01 — 0.204393E+00 sT14192ES01 -0,111633E400 -0,126025E+01 MODES 4 -U,100204E401 -0,141423E+U1 —0.927429E=01 —0.1392018+01 UsS399TTEVOO -O.114941E4U1 -0,107568E+0! —0.642578E+00 0.137500E+01 SS 565b WL Equation of motion is x a &. (9-77): ™e 4 L ., er SE + a Oe = Set) (e) Representation of load: Lead is $(x) which ‘s zero everywhere except over o fength 24x of x= x_, where it is egual to (R/eax). The foad F(z) can be expanded inte Fourier sine series os f= = f, sin a a () net where pe ox Ketan he TL oye dee ef Bem oe pax 7 Not an +7 @sin BE de io if et mEX de yen ge ae u 2Fo nT Xp = EP gin i) 1 1 Taras) (Ye) At Axo, (Ey) becomes gp _ 2B sin me («,) . & a f(s 2% in RE Xe one e, §® 7 = sin TS sin OE &s) Since Fy is moving aleng the bridge with constant velocity v, at tme t, fe will be ot a distance x,=¥t from heft support. Hence the Load distribution of Ey. (Es) tan be rewritten af = 2fe 6. mvt ome | i amvt .. anx Buty = 2 fsin EOE sin TE + sin BERL sin th en f | 7 (&) Setting a= Ts (E) con be expressed as $ (x,t) = oF TE sin ot + sin 28 sin autre $F Ex) 566Eguation of motion, (E;); becomes ot = _ nix ex og +fA a = $(x%t)= z F, in 27> sin nest (Ep) where 2h we bb 0 TF One bite We can find the solution of &%. (Eg) by superposing the solutions of the individual harmonic components, Thus, we need to find, for the nt harmonic, the Solution of the following eyuation : 4, * A es ex a + PA ee = F, sin — sin not (&) The solution (particular integral) of Ey. (Ey) can be taken as w(zt) 2 wy sin ia sin neat (Ew) Substitution of (E.) inte (Es) gives 4 y= enema onan (En) Er omy fy— Cag: Where @,= nent [EE (e) Pal Adding the homegeneous solution te the particular integral of Fy. (Ew), the general sokition can be expressed of tr(x,t) = = sin SE {Ac oF Ot + Br sin cat } a=4 g + uy sin TF ain nest €s) The initial conditions are given by w(x0)=0 5 BY (x,0) =0 (um) 2 These initial conditions are satisfied if Ac=0 for thi, Brz0o for ok t#n = o Bar om (2) F, £4 w(xty= EF (wmy" fi (SP) sin an {sin nut- 22 sin otf 1s) 567Since = 17, where , if the fundamental Frequency of the bridge» &%. (Eis) becomes F 14 nx fen nat - 2 sin aye 2 ex 14 fo" - ayy” zg rho . Thus the total response of the bridge can be ei das w(xt)= (uty=2 2 sin Be : ° ex mt a) at ut - (tn ot 4 sin BE Peay {sin rot -(S) sin yt ei sn 7) {rm wb —-(2) ain oat Pr | En) 568