Kha hc CHINH PHC PHNG TRNH V T Thy NG VIT HNG

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Cu 1: Gii phng trnh 5 9 x + 5 x + 4 +
iu kin 4 x 9 .
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi

2 2 10
x = x + 25
3
3
Li gii.

( x ) .

2 2
( x 5x ) = 0
3
x2 5x
x2 5x
2

+
( x2 5x ) = 0
15 x + 5 9 x x + 10 + 5 x + 4 3

15 x 5 9 x + x + 10 5 x + 4

1
1
2

x ( x 5)
+
= 0 (1)
15 x + 5 9 x x + 10 + 5 x + 4 3
1
1
1
1
1 1 2
R rng
+
=
+
< 2. = < .
6 3 3
15 x + 5 9 x x + 10 + 5 x + 4 6 + 9 x + 5 9 x 6 + x + 4 + 5 x + 4
Do (1) x ( x 5) = 0 x {0;5} . Kt lun phng trnh c hai nghim.

Cu 2: Gii phng trnh x 4 + 2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 = 4 x 2 + 5 x + 3

Li gii.

1
K: x
.
2

Khi ta c: PT 2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 x 2 + x 4 ( 2 x + 1) = 0
2

x2 2x 1

2x + 2x + 3 + ( x + 2)
2

+ x 2 2 x 1 ( x + 1) = 0
2

x = 1 2

1
2
x2 2 x 1
+ ( x + 1) = 0 x 2 2 x 1 g ( x ) = 0
2
g ( x ) = 0
2x + 2x + 3 + x + 2

Gii g ( x ) = 0 ta c

2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 x ( x R ) g ( x ) > 0 x R

Do PT g ( x ) = 0 v nghim
Vy nghim ca PT l x = 1 2

Cu 3: Gii phng trnh

K: 0 x 1 .
Khi PT

x 2 + 3x
1 x
=
2
x +1
2x
Li gii.

x 2 + 3x
1 x
3x 1
1 x 2x
1 =
1 2
=
2
x +1
2x
x +1
2x

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3x 1
2
=
x +1
2x

Vy x =

1
( 3 x 1) 2
+
x +1
1 x + 2x
2x

1 3x

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=0 x=1
3
1 x + 2x

1
l nghim ca PT cho.
3

Cu 4: Gii phng trnh

x2 +

3
= 4 x 2 15 x + 11 ( x ) .
x
Li gii.

iu kin x 2 .
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
x x 2 = 4 x 3 15 x 2 + 11x 3 x

x 2 1 = 4 x3 15 x 2 + 10 x 3

x = 3

= ( x 3) ( 4 x 3 x + 1)
x

= 4 x 2 3 x + 1 (1)
x 2 +1
x 2 + 1
x
x

x
x 2 + 1 1 = x, x 2
Ch rng

4 x 2 3x + 1 .
x 2 +1
( 2 x 1)2 0, x 4 x 2 3 x + 1 x, x

x ( x 3)

x
< 4 x 2 3 x + 1 (1) v nghim.
x 2 +1
Kt lun phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht x = 3 .
Du ng thc khng xy ra nn

Cu 5: Gii phng trnh 2 x 3 3 x 2 2 x + 1 + ( x + 1) 2 x 1 = 0.

Li gii:
K: x

1
2

(*)

Khi (1) ( x + 1)

2 x 1 1 + 2 x3 3x 2 x + 2 = 0
( x + 1) .

2x 1 1
+ ( x 1) ( 2 x 2 x 2 ) = 0
2x 1 + 1

2 ( x 1)( x + 1)
1 + 2x 1

+ ( x 1) ( 2 x 2 x 2 ) = 0

2 ( x + 1)

( x 1)
+ 2 x2 x 2 = 0
1 + 2x 1

(2)

Xt x 2 ( 2 x 1) = ( x 1) 0 x 2 2 x 1 0 x 2 x 1 0
2

2 ( x + 1)
1 + 2x 1

+ 2 x2 x 2

Du " = " xy ra x = 1, x =
Do

2 ( x + 1)

1 + 2x 1
/s: x = 1

2 ( x + 1)
+ 2 x 2 x 2 = 2 x 2 x = x ( 2 x 1) 0.
1+ x

1
iu ny khng th ng thi xy ra nn du " = " khng xy ra.
2

+ 2 x 2 x 2 > 0 nn (2) x = 1 tha mn (*)

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Cu 6: Gii phng trnh x3 + 5 x + 2 x 2 + 3 = 1 + 3 x 2 + 8.

Li gii:
K: x

(*)

Khi (1) x 3 + 5 x 1 + 2 x 2 + 3 3 x 2 + 8 = 0
x2 + 8

x 2 + 8.

) (

x2 + 8 3 + 2
x2 + 8 9
x +8 +3
2

( x 1)( x + 1)

x +8

3+ x +8
2

x2 + 3 4

+ 2.

x 2 + 3 2 x 2 8 + 4 + x3 + 5 x 1 = 0
x +3+2
2

+ x3 x 2 + 5 x 5 = 0

2 ( x 1)( x + 1)
2+ x +3
2

+ ( x 1) ( x 2 + 5 ) = 0

( x + 1) x 2 + 8

2 ( x + 1)
( x 1)
+
+ x2 + 5 = 0
3 + x2 + 8

2 + x2 + 3

T (1) x3 + 5 x = 1 + 3 x 2 + 8 2 x 2 + 3 > 1 + 2
x ( x + 5)
2

(2)

x2 + 8 x2 + 3 > 0

( x + 1)
>0 x>0

x2 + 8

3+ x +8
2

2 ( x + 1)
2+ x +3
2

+ x 2 + 5 > 0.

Do (2) x = 1 tha mn (1)

Cu 7: Gii phng trnh 3 x 2 + 3 x 11 = ( x 1) 7 x + 9 + 2 ( x 2 ) 6 x + 4

( x ) .

Li gii.
2
iu kin x .
3
Phng trnh cho tng ng vi
x 2 + 2 x 3 ( x 1) 7 x + 9 + 2 ( x 2 4 ) 2 ( x 2 ) 6 x + 4 + x = 0

( x 1) x + 3 7 x + 9 + 2 ( x 2 ) x + 2 6 x + 4 + x = 0
x ( x 1)

2x ( x 2)

+x=0
x + 3 + 7 x + 9 x + 2 + 6x + 4
x = 0

2
2

2 ( x 2)
( x 1)
x + 3 + 7 x + 9 + x + 2 + 6 x + 4 + 1 = 0
R rng

( x 1)

x + 3 + 7x + 9

2 ( x 2)

(1)

2
+ 1 > 0, x nn ta c nghim duy nht x = 0 .
3
x + 2 + 6x + 4

Cu 8. Gii phng trnh x 2 + 8 x + 13 = 2 x + 3 x 2 + 3x + 3 trn tp s thc.

Li gii:
iu kin: x 3 . Phng trnh cho tng ng vi: x 2 + 8 x + 13 2 x + 3 + x 2 + 3x + 3 = 0
x 2 + 7 x + 10 + 2 x + 3
x2 + 5x + 6 + 2 x + 3
( x + 2 )( x + 3) +

) (

x + 3 1 +

) (

x + 3 1 +

2 x + 3 ( x + 2)
x + 3 +1

x 2 + 3x + 3 x 3 = 0

x 2 + 3x + 3 + x + 1 = 0

x 2 + 3 x + 3 ( x + 1)

x 2 + 3x + 3 x 1

=0

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Kha hc CHINH PHC PHNG TRNH V T Thy NG VIT HNG

( x + 2 )( x + 3) +

2 x + 3 ( x + 2)
x + 3 +1

2 x+3
( x + 2) x + 3 +
+
x
+
+
3
1

x+2

x + 3x + 3 x 1

1
=0
x 2 + 3x + 3 x 1
2

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=0

( )

2 x+3
1
+
> 0; x 3 nn ( ) x + 2 = 0 x = 2 .
x + 3 +1
x 2 + 3x + 3 x 1
Vy phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht l x = 2 .

D thy x + 3 +

Cu 9. Gii phng trnh 5 x + 3 = ( x + 1) 2 x 2 + 3 x 2 + 3 3 x 2 + 5

( x ) .

Li gii:

Phng trnh cho tng ng vi: 5 x + 3 ( x + 1) 2 x 2 + 3 x 2 3 3 x 2 + 5 = 0 .

x3 + x 2 + 5 x + 3 2 ( x + 1) x 2 + 3 3 3x 2 + 5 = 0 .
( x + 1) x 2 + 3

( x + 1)

) (

x 2 + 3 2 + x + 1 3 3x 2 + 5 + x 1 = 0 .

x 2 + 3 ( x 2 1)
x2 + 3 + 2

( x + 1)
( x + 1)

3x 2 5

+ ( x + 1) 3 x + 5 +
3

2
2
( x + 1) x + 3
x2 + x + 4
( x 1)
+
2
x2 + 3 + 2
x + 1) + ( x + 1) 3 3 x 2 + 5 +

( x + 1)

x2 + 3

x2 + 3 + 2

x2 + x + 4

( x + 1) + ( x + 1) 3 3x 2 + 5 +

( ) x 1 = 0 x = 1

3x + 5
2

3x 2 + 5

3x + 5
2

+ x 1 = 0 .

+ 1 = 0

( )

+ 1 > 0 nn phng trnh

Vy phng trnh cho c nghim duy nht k trn.

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