B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

VIN DI TRUYN NNG NGHIP

BO CO TNG HP
KT QU KHO NGHIM NH GI RI RO NG
BIN I GEN (EVENT TC1507) I VI A DNG
SINH HC V MI TRNG SINH THI VIT NAM

n v ng k: Cng ty TNHH Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam

n v kho nghim: Vin Di truyn Nng nghip

H ni, thng 5 nm 2012

Science with Service
Delivering Success

B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

VIN DI TRUYN NNG NGHIP

BO CO TNG HP
KT QU KHO NGHIM NH GI RI RO NG
BIN I GEN (EVENT TC1507) I VI A DNG
SINH HC V MI TRNG SINH THI VIT NAM
(Theo Ngh nh s 69/2010/N-CP
ngy 21 thng 6 nm 2010 ca Chnh ph)

H ni, thng 5 nm 2012

MC LC

THNG TIN CHUNG ........................................................................................... 1

1.1 n v ng k kho nghim ........................................................................... 1
1.2 n v thc hin kho nghim ......................................................................... 1
1.3 Tn ging cy trng bin i gen kho nghim ............................................... 2
1.4 Cc vn bn php l lin quan.......................................................................... 2
1.5 Cc vn bn km theo bo co ......................................................................... 3

TNG QUAN V NG BIN I GEN EVENT TC1507 ................................ 4

2.1 Thng tin chung v ng event TC1507 ............................................................ 4
2.2 Thng tin v sinh vt cho gen .......................................................................... 5
2.3 Thng tin v sinh vt nhn ............................................................................... 6
2.4 Phng php chuyn np gen to dng ng Event TC1507 ............................ 7
2.4.1 Kch thc, trnh t, chc nng ca on gene a vo ............................. 8
2.4.2 Phng php xc nh, pht hin gen, c trng ca gen ........................... 9
2.5 c tnh v hin trng s dng ng event TC1507 ........................................ 11
2.5.1 Protein CRY1F khng cn trng, su hi .................................................. 11
2.5.2 Protein PAT khng glufosinate-ammonium trong nh du chn lc ...... 15
2.5.3 Thng tin lin quan n biu hin tnh trng ca gen chuyn np vo ng
chuyn gen TC1507 ................................................................................... 15
2.5.4 Thng tin khc bit ca dng ng chuyn gene TC1507 so vi cy b m
..16
2.5.5 Phng php pht hin cy ng chuyn gene TC1507 ............................. 17
2.5.6 Thng tin v vic thng mi ho (phng thch v s dng) ng chuyn
gene TC1507 trn th gii. ........................................................................ 17
2.5.7 M t nguy c, kh nng xy ra nguy c xc nh ri ro c th xy ra
khi phng thch sinh vt chuyn gene ....................................................... 19

Xc NH VN CN KHO NGHIM TI VIT NAM ......................... 27

3.1 Thng tin v sn xut v s dng cy ng ..................................................... 27
3.2 Tnh hnh s dng cy trng BG ti ng Nam . .................................... 28
3.3 C s khoa hc nghin cu tnh an ton i vi a dng sinh hc v mi
trng trong trng ng TC1507 trn th gii................................................ 29
3.3.1 Nguy c tri gen ngoi mi trng ........................................................... 29
3.3.2 Nguy c tr thnh c di, dich hi ............................................................ 30
3.3.3 Nguy c nh hng ti sinh vt khng ch ch ....................................... 30

3.4

Tiu ch nh gi trong kho nghim ng rung ti Vit Nam i vi ng

bin i gen event TC1507 ........................................................................... 34

MC TIU, NI DUNG, VT LIU, PHNG PHP KN ............................ 36

4.1 Mc tiu v ni dung kho nghim ................................................................ 36
4.1.1 Mc tiu ..................................................................................................... 36
4.1.2 Ni dung kho nghim .............................................................................. 37
4.2 Vt liu v phng php nghin cu trong KNHC ........................................ 38
4.2.1 Ging Ng ng k KNHC ....................................................................... 38
4.2.2 Thi gian, a im KNHC ....................................................................... 38
4.2.3 Phng php KNHC (p dng cho c hai v) ........................................... 39
4.2.4 Ghi nhn thng tin, phn tch v x l s liu........................................... 49
4.3 Vt liu, phng php KNDR ........................................................................ 51
4.3.1 Ging ng k KNDR ............................................................................... 51
4.3.2 Thi gian v a im KNDR.................................................................... 52
4.3.3 Phng php KNDR (p dng chung cho c 4 a im) ......................... 53
4.3.4 Phng php phn tch v x l s liu .................................................... 60
4.3.5 Phng php thc hin chung cho tt c cc ni dung trong KNDR ....... 60

KT QU KHO NGHIM NG CHUYN GEN EVENT TC1507 I VI

A DNG SINH HC V MI TRNG SINH THI VIT NAM ............. 62
5.1 Kt qu KNHC ng event TC1507 (2 v ln tip) ......................................... 62
5.1.1 Kt qu kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F (giai on V4) ............. 62
5.1.2 Kt qu a dng qun th NTOs trn rung KNHC .................................. 63
5.1.3 Thnh phn cc loi ng vt chn khp (cn trng v nhn) .................. 66
5.1.4 Kt qu nh gi s a dng ca sinh vt t ............................................ 77
5.1.5 nh gi s xut hin v gy hi bnh hi ng chnh trong KNHC ......... 93
5.1.6 Kt qu nh gi mc gy hi ca su hi ng khng ch ch ........... 98
5.1.7 Kt lun s b kt qu KNHC (2 v ln tip) ......................................... 100
5.2 Kt qu KNDR ng BG event TC1507 ..................................................... 101
5.2.1 Kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F v protein CP4 EPSPS ........... 101
5.2.2 Kt qu nh gi tnh n nh v tnh thch ng ca ng event TC1507 ti
cc vng sinh thi Vit Nam. .................................................................. 103
5.2.3 Kt qu nh gi a dng qun th cn trng khng ch ch trn rung
KNDR ng chuyn gene TC1507 ti cc vng sinh thi Vit Nam ........ 116
5.2.4 Kt lun s b kt qu KNDR ................................................................. 173

ii

D LIU KH HU CHNH TI CC A IM V BIN PHP QUN L

KHO NGHIM ............................................................................................... 175
6.1 D liu thi tit kh hu trong thi gian kho nghim ................................. 175
6.1.1 D liu thi tit kh hu trong thi gian KNHC(ti Vn Giang)............. 175
6.1.2 D liu thi tit kh hu trong thi gian KNDR (ti 4 a im) ............ 177
6.2 Qun l kho nghim (nh minh ha trong Ph lc 3) ................................ 180
6.2.1 Qun l kho nghim trong KNHC ......................................................... 180
6.3 Qun l ri ro trong KNDR .......................................................................... 182
6.3.1 Vt liu ht ging chuyn gene s dng trong kho nghim .................. 182
6.3.2 Qun l cch ly ........................................................................................ 182
6.3.3 Thu hoch v qun l ng rung sau thu hoch .................................... 183
6.3.4 Qun l v x l i vi cc trng hp pht tn ngu nhin ................ 183
6.3.5 Qun l, ghi chp h s t liu ................................................................ 184
6.3.6 Tiu hy sn phm v vt liu di truyn bin i gen ............................. 185

KT LUN V NGH ................................................................................ 193

7.1 Kt lun ........................................................................................................ 193
7.2 ngh ......................................................................................................... 195

iii

MC LC BNG
Bng 2-1: Cc yu t di truyn c trong plasmid PHP8999 ....................................... 11
Bng 2-2: So snh hiu qu ca ng TC1507 v ng khng chuyn gen ................... 14
Bng 2-3: Mc biu hin protein Cry1F o c trong cc m ng TC1507 ...... 16
Bng 2-4: Danh sch cc nc cho php trng v/hoc s dng ng TC1507 ......... 18
Bng 3-1: Nghin cu phng TN, nh li, ng rung nhm tm hiu nh hng ca
protein Cry1F i vi NTOs ........................................................................ 33
Bng 4-1: Thi gian tin hnh KNHC ........................................................................ 38
Bng 4-2:Thi gian iu tra thnh phn qun th NTO ti rung KNHC .................. 42
Bng 4-3: Thi gian thu mu Collembola ti rung KNHC ....................................... 46
Bng 4-4: Tn ging v cc cng thc trong KNDR .................................................. 51
Bng 4-5: Thi gian gieo v thu hoch ti mi a im KNDR ................................ 52
Bng 4-6: Ch tiu nh gi c tnh nng sinh hc ................................................... 54
Bng 4-7: Thang im nh gi mc gy hi ca mt s loi su hi chnh ......... 56
Bng 4-8: Cc loi ng vt chn khp c theo di trong nghin cu NTOs ........ 58
Bng 4-9: Cc t thu mu cn trng cc GST ca cy ng ti 4 KNDR ............ 59
Bng 4-10: Cc t thu mu Collembola cc GST ca ng ti 4 im KNDR .... 60
Bng 4-1: Thi gian gieo v thu hoch ....................................................................... 61
Bng 5-1: Tng s c th, s loi chn khp bt gp trn cc ging ng trong KNHC
...................................................................................................................... 64
Bng 5-2: Ch s u th v ch s a dng loi chn khp trn cc ging ng trong
KNHC ........................................................................................................... 65
Bng 5-3: S loi chn khp ghi nhn c qua iu tra trc tip trn ng KNHC .. 61
Bng 5-4: Tn sut bt gp cc loi chn khp qua iu tra trc tip trn ng KNHC
...................................................................................................................... 62
Bng 5-5: S loi chn khp vo by dnh vng trn cc ging ng KNHC ............. 66
Bng 5-6: Thnh phn loi chn khp vo by dnh vng trn cc ging ng KNHC
...................................................................................................................... 67
Bng 5-7: Tn sut bt gp cc loi chn khp qua iu tra trc tip v by dnh vng
trn rung ng trong KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011) .............................. 71
Bng 5-8: Mt b ra Nht Bn trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC .. 74
Bng 5-9: Mt b xt m xanh trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC ........... 75
Bng 5-10: Mt nhn ln trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC ................... 76
Bng 5-11: Mt B cng cnh ngn trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC .. 76
Bng 5-12: Thnh phn loi b ui bt (Collembola) trong t trng ng KNHC .. 79

iv

Bng 5-13: So snh mt s ch s nh lng ca b ui bt trong t trng ng

KNHC ........................................................................................................... 81
Bng 5-14: a dng thnh phn loi v phn b ca b ui bt (Collembola) trong
cc l th nghim thu bng phng php pitfall trap trong KNHC .............. 84
Bng 5-15: So snh s lng loi, s c th ca b ui bt (Collembola) trn cc
ging ng kho nghim theo tng t thu mu trong KNHC ...................... 87
Bng 5-16: Gi tr ch s a dng H v ch s ng u (J) ca b ui bt
(Collembola) trn cc ging ng KNHC ...................................................... 89
Bng 5-17: Cc loi b ui bt (Collembola) ph bin (%) trong t trng ng
KNHC ........................................................................................................... 91
Bng 5-18: Cc loi b ui bt (Collembola) u th (%) trong t ng KNHC....... 92
Bng 5-19: Mc nhim bnh m l ln ca cc ging ng KNHC ..................... 93
Bng 5-20: Mc nhim bnh m l nh trn ca cc ging ng KNHC ............. 94
Bng 5-21: Mc nhim bnh r st ca cc ging ng KNHC .............................. 95
Bng 5-22: Mc b bnh kh vn ca cc ging ng KNHC ................................ 96
Bng 5-23: Mc nhim bnh m nu ca cc ging ng KNHC ....................... 97
Bng 5-24: Cp nhim trung bnh ca rp mui ng trn cc ging ng KNHC ....... 98
Bng 5-25: Cp nhim trung bnh ca nhn trn cc ging ng KNHC ............... 99
Bng 5-26: Cp nhim trung bnh ca su cn l ng trn cc ging ng KNHC ... 100
Bng 5-27: T l mc v sc sng cy con ca cc ging ng KNDR .................... 106
Bng 5-28: Mt s c im hnh thi ca cc ging ng KNDR ............................ 107
Bng 5-29: Trng thi cy v t l gy ca cc ging ng KNDR ...................... 108
Bng 5-30: Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut cc ging ng KNDR ..... 109
Bng 5-31: Mc nhim bnh m l ln ca cc ging ng ti 4 im KN ....... 111
Bng 5-32: Mc nhim bnh Kh vn trn cc ging ng ti 4 im KN .......... 112
Bng 5-33: Mc b hi bi mt s loi su trn cc ging ng ti 4 im KN... 115
Bng 5-34: Mc b hi bi su xm, rp mui ng ca cc ging ng ti 4 im
KN .............................................................................................................. 116
Bng 5-35: S lng loi chn khp phn theo b ghi nhn c trn rung ng
KNDR ti 4 a im ................................................................................. 118
Bng 5-36: Thnh phn cc loi chn khp bt gp trn rung ng KNDR ti 4 a
im ............................................................................................................ 120
Bng 5-37: Thnh phn, mc hin din cc loi chn khp iu tra bng iu tra
trc tip trn cc ging ng KNDR ti 4 a im(v H Thu, 2011) .... 128
Bng 5-38: Thnh phn, mc hin din loi chn khp iu tra bng by dnh
vng trn cc ging ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H - Thu, 2011).......... 136

Bng 5-39: Thnh phn, mc hin din cc loi chn khp trong iu tra trc tip
v by dnh vng trn cc ging ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H - Thu,
2011) ........................................................................................................... 143
Bng 5-40: Ch s a dng v ch s u th cc loi chn khp bt gp trn cc ging
ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H -Thu, 2011) ........................................... 150
Bng 5-41: Ch s a dng loi su hi bt gp trn cc ging ng KNDR ti 4 a
im ........................................................................................................... 152
Bng 5-42: Ch s a dng cc loi b ra bt mi trn ng KNDR ti 4 a im 153
Bng 5-43: Thnh phn loi v phn b Collembola trong t ng KNDR ti 4 a
im ............................................................................................................ 160
Bng 5-44: S lng loi, s c th Collembola trn cc ging ng KNDR theo tng
t thu mu ti 4 a im .......................................................................... 170
Bng 5-45: So snh mt s ch s nh lng Collembola trong t trng ng
KNDR ti 4 a im (v H Thu, 2011) ................................................ 171
Bng 5-46: Gi tr ch s a dng H v ch s ng u J theo tng t iu tra trn
t trng ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H Thu, 2011) .......................... 172
Bng 5-47: Tn cc loi Collembola ph bin v u th trong t trng ng KNDR
ti 4 a im (v H Thu, 2011) .............................................................. 175
Bng 5-48: Cc loi Collembola ph bin, u th trong t ng KNDR ti 4 a im
.................................................................................................................... 173
Bng 6-1: Nhit , m v cng nh sng trung bnh trong cc thng KNHC
ng ti Vn Giang (2010 2011) ............................................................... 175
Bng 6-2: Nhit trung bnh trong cc thng trong KNDR ti 4 a im (oC) .... 177
Bng 6-3: m trung bnh trong cc thng kho nghim ti 4 a im (%) ........ 177
Bng 6-4: Cy trng v trc trn nn t KNDR ................................................... 179
Bng 6-5: Phng php tiu hy vt liu trong khu vc KNDR ti 4 a im KN 186
Bng 6-6: Lch trnh cc on thuc c quan qun l tham gia kim tra gim st .. 191

vi

MC LC HNH
Hnh 2-1: S cc yu t di truyn on DNA thng Pmei PHP8999A c chuyn
np trong qui trnh to dng ng Event TC1507. ......................................... 10
Hnh 2-2: Plasmid PHP8999 ....................................................................................... 10
Hnh 2-3: M hnh hot ng ca protein Cry gy c i vi cn trng.................. 13
Hnh 2-4: Tnh hnh s dng ng TC1507 trn th gii ............................................. 19
Hnh 3-1: Din tch trng ng ti cc khu vc trng ng chnh ca Vit Nam .......... 27
Hnh 4-1: S b tr KNHC v 1 ............................................................................. 40
Hnh 4-2:S b tr KNHC v 2 .............................................................................. 40
Hnh 4-3: QuickStix Kit dng pht hin nhanh protein Cry1F ............................... 41
Hnh 4-4: im ly mu trong nh gi bng mt thng ......................................... 43
Hnh 4-5: Ch s bnh hi trn l ................................................................................ 49
Hnh 4-6: S KNDR ............................................................................................... 53
Hnh 4-7: Cc dng c kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F v CP4 EPSPS ...... 53
Hnh 4-8: By dnh vng t trong rung ng ............................................................ 59
Hnh 5-1: Kt qu kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F trn cc ging ng ........ 62
Hnh 5-2: Trung bnh tng s loi bt gp trong mt k iu tra trn ng KNHC ..... 64
Hnh 5-3: Trung bnh s loi chn khp bt gp trong mt k iu tra trn ng
KNHC. .......................................................................................................... 64
Hnh 5-4: Gi tr ca ch s u th Simpson's D trn cc ging ng KNHC ............. 66
Hnh 5-5: Ch s a dng Shannon H' ca cc ging ng KNHC .............................. 66
Hnh 5-6: Kim tra protein Cry1F trn cc ging ng trong KNDR ........................ 102
Hnh 6-1: m, Nhit v Cng nh sng trung bnh trong cc thng kho
nghim ng ti Vn Giang .......................................................................... 176
Hnh 6-2: Nhit trung bnh ti 4 a im KNDR ............................................... 178
Hnh 6-3: m trung bnh trong cc thng tai 4 a im KNDR ......................... 178

vii

Ch vit tt s dng trong bo co

BG

Bin i gen

CNSH

Cng ngh Sinh hc

/C

i chng

iu tra

GCT

Ging cy trng

GST

Giai on sinh trng

HTX

Hp tc x

KN

Kho nghim

KNDR

Kho nghim din rng

KNHC

Kho nghim hn ch

KT

Kim tra

N/C

Nghin cu

NTO

Sinh vt khng ch ch

SX

Sn xut

TG

Thi gian

TT

Trung tm

VST

Vng sinh thi

viii

THNG TIN CHUNG

1.1 n v ng k kho nghim

Cng ty TNHH Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam
i din: ng Nguyn c Mn, Tng Gim c
Ngi v a ch lin lc: Phm Ch Ha, ph trch CNSH
a ch: Lu 11, cao c Center Plaza, 17 L Dun, Qun 1, TP. H Ch Minh.
in thoi: (+84-8) 3 8251610 Ext. 8005
Fax: (+84-8) 3 8251620
Email: hoa.phamchi@pioneer.com
Website: www.pioneer.com

1.2 n v thc hin kho nghim

Vin Di truyn Nng nghip, vin Khoa hc Nng nghip Vit Nam
i din: PGS.TS. L Huy Hm, vin Trng
a ch: ng Phm Vn ng, T Lim, H Ni, Vit Nam
in thoi: (+84-4) 8386734;
Fax: (+84-4) 7543196
E-mail: LHHAM@agi.ac.vn
Website: http://www.agi.gov.vn
Ph trch chnh: TS. Phm Th Lin -Vin Di truyn Nng nghip
Cc n v tham gia kho nghim:
Vin Bo v Thc vt
Vin Sinh Thi v Ti nguyn Sinh vt
Trm thc nghim Vn Giang, huyn Vn Giang, tnh Hng Yn (vin
Di truyn Nng nghip)
Tri SX Ging cy trng V Di - TT Ging cy trng Vnh Phc.
HTX Phong Thnh, huyn Thanh Chng, tnh Ngh An
Vin Khoa hc K thut Nng lm nghip Ty Nguyn
TT Nghin cu thc nghim Hng Lc (vin Khoa hc Nng nghip
Min Nam).
Cc thnh vin tham gia kho nghim: danh sch cn b tham gia kho nghim
c lit k ti Ph lc 2.

1.3 Tn ging cy trng bin i gen kho nghim

-

Tn thng thng (cy ch): Ng, bp, b

Tn khoa hc: Zea mays L. (Maize)
+ H: Gramineae
+ Chi: Zea
+ Loi: mays (2n=20)
Tn s kin: Event TC1507 (ng mang gen cry1F, khng cn trng b Cnh
vy)
Tn ging nn (/C): ging ng lai 30Y87
Tn ging /C tham kho: Stack TC1507xNK603 (ng mang gen cry1F khng
cn trng b cnh vy v gen cp4 epsps khng thuc tr c glyphosate)

1.4 Cc vn bn php l lin quan

Kho nghim ng chuyn gen Event TC1507 (ng mang gen cry1F khng cn
trng cnh vy) ti Vit Nam c trin khai trn c s m bo tun th cht ch cc
quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam c lit k di y:
-

Thng t 69/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 27/10/2009 v Quy nh kho nghim

nh gi ri ro i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng ca ging c y trng
bin i gen.
Thng t 72/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 17/11/2009 v vic Ban hnh danh
mc loi cy trng bin i gen c php kho nghim nh gi ri ro i vi
a dng sinh hc v mi trng cho mc ch lm ging cy trng Vit Nam.
Quyt nh 3392/Q/BNN-KHCN ngy 25/11/2009 v vic Thnh lp Hi
ng An ton Sinh hc ngnh NN&PTNT.
Quyt nh 252/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 29 thng 1 nm 2010 v vic Ch nh
t chc kho nghim nh gi ri ro i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng
ca ging cy trng bin i gen.
Ngh nh s 69/2010/N-CP ngy 21/6/2010 v an ton sinh hc i vi sinh
vt bin i gen, mu vt di truyn v sn phm ca sinh vt bin i gen.
Quyt nh s 1449/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 31/05/2010 ca B NN&PTNT v
vic cp php kho nghim hn ch nh gi ri ro i vi a dng sinh hc v
mi trng ca cy ng bin i gene cho Cng ty Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam.
Vin Di truyn Nng nghip l c quan kho nghim. Thuyt minh cng

k hoch kho nghim ng chuyn gene trong din hp

NN&PTNT ph duyt.
-

Quyt nh s 907/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 05 thng 5 nm 2011

a B
c
NN&PTNT v vic cng nhn kt qu kho nghim hn ch v cp php kho
nghim din rng nh gi ri ro i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng ca
ging ng chuyn gen Event TC1507 - mang gen Cry1F khng cn trng cnh
vy, cho cng ty TNHH Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam; Vin Di truyn l n v
kho nghim. Thuyt minh cng k hoch kho nghim ng bin i gen
trn din rng (4 vng sinh thi) c B NN&PTNT ph duyt.

1.5 Cc vn bn km theo bo co
- Ph lc 1: cc vn bn ph lc lin quan n cp php KNHC; vn chuyn v
lu tr ht ging; thc hin v gim st kho nghim; x l v tiu hy n g BG
gene TC1507 trong 2 v kho nghim hn ch ti Vn Giang.
- Ph lc 2: cc vn bn ph lc lin quan n cp php KNDR; vn chuyn v
lu tr ht ging; thc hin v gim st kho nghim; x l v tiu hy ng chuyn
gene TC1507 trong kho nghim din rng ti 4 a im kho nghim l Vnh Phc,
Ngh An, k Lk v ng Nai.
.- Ph lc 3: cc hnh nh ghi nhn tp hun, thc t ng rung trong KNHC v
KNDR ti cc im kho nghim.

TNG QUAN V NG BIN I GEN EVENT TC1507

2.1 Thng tin chung v ng event TC1507

Tn s kin

Event TC1507

n v ng k

C.ty TNHH Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam

a ch: Lu 11, cao c Center Plaza, 17 L Dun,
Qun 1, TP. H Ch Minh.
in thoi: (+84-8) 3 8251610 Ext. 8005
Fax: (+84-8) 3 8251620

Sinh vt cho

Vi khun Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ssp. Aizawai dng

PS811 mang gen cry1F khng cn trng b Cnh vy
Vi khun Streptomyces viridochromogenes mang gen
ch th pat khng thuc tr c nhm glufosinateammonium

Sinh vt nhn

Ng, bp, b (Maize/Corn)

Vt liu b m

Cc dng ng lai c nghin cu v SX bi C.ty

Pioneer Hi-Bred

Ging nn

Ng lai 30Y87

Ngun gc xut s

Mxic, Trung-Nam M

Miu t ging

Khng cn trng b cnh vy (Lipedoptera)

P.P chuyn np gen

Sng bn gen (microprojectile bombardment)

2.2 Thng tin v sinh vt cho gen

Ng chuyn gen e vent 1507 ng
t hp p rotein Cry1F v phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase (PAT) c to ra bng phng php chuyn on DNA thng c
mang gen cry1F (c ngun gc t Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ssp. aizawai), gen pat
(c ngun gc t Streptomyces viridochromogenes) cng cc thnh phn iu khin
gen cn thit khc vo cc t bo phi (embryos) ng t nhin Hi-II.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) thuc nhm Bacillus cereus (Bc), l vi khun gram
dng, sinh bo t v l chng vi khun c tm thy hu ht cc loi t. Bt l
chng vi khun c th t to protein kt tinh (parasporal crystals) trong qu trnh hnh
thnh bo t v chnh kh nng t to crystal ny th hin s khc bit ca vi khun
Bt so vi B. cerus. Cc protein crystals thuc loi delta-endotoxins (Cry toxins) c
tng hp bi nhm gen cry ca vi khun v thng c tnh cht gy c vi mt s
loi cn trng nht nh ( Ibrahim v cs, 2010). c tnh tr su ca Bt c bit
n t kh lu v thuc tr su sinh hc Bt ln u tin c thng mi ha v s
dng t nm 1938. Hin nay, ngi ta tm thy v phn loi trn 300 Cry protein
khc nhau c c
tnh vi ch yu trn mt s nhm cn trng b cnh vy
(Lepidoptera), b cnh cng (Coleoptera), b hai cnh (Diptera) v mt s t trong
(Cry6) c th gy c i vi tuyn trng (Sanahuja v cs, 2011). Ng BG event
TC1507 c chuyn np duy nht mt bn gen tng hp protein Cry1F. Gen cry1F
c ngun gc t vi khun Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ssp. aizawai dng PS811. Tnh di
truyn cng nh mc th hin ca gen cry1F tng hp protein Cry1F trn ng
event TC1507 c chng minh l lun n nh qua cc th h. Vic tng hp protein
Cry1F gip ng event TC1507 c th khng mt s loi cn trng thuc b cnh vy
(Lepidoptera) v d C. partellus v H. armigera v khng ph thuc yu t ma v.
Streptomyces viridochromogenes l chng vi khun khng gy bnh, thng
c tm thy trong t (Eckes v cs., 1989). Streptomyces viridochromogenes mang
gen ch th pat m ha ng
t hp phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT) l
enzyme c ch qu trnh chuyn ha tng hp Glutamine t Glutamate dn n ngn
chn qu trnh gii c ammonia d tha v do nh hng ti qu trnh quang hp
thc vt. Tng hp protein PAT gip ng event TC1507 khng thuc tr c nhm
glufosinate-ammonium (Glufosinate). Trong s kin TC1507, pat c s dng lm
gene ch th, ch c dng trong qu trnh chn to event TC1507 v gip c th
chn chnh xc cc cy ng con c mang gene chuyn. Protein PAT c S kim
tra Sc khe Thc vt v ng vt (APHIS) nh gi l an ton v khng tc ng

ln sinh vt khng ch ch gm c sinh vt c ch. on DNA m ha tng hp

protein PAT c chng minh l khng c hi v protein PAT c cu trc khng

tng ng vi cc protein gy c hi hay d ng c cng b (OECD, 1999).
Ngoi ra, sn phm thuc dit c glufosinate Vit Nam ch c mt s t cc sn
phm thng mi l Basta (Bayer Vietnam Ltd.), Fasfix (Cng ty CP BVTV Si
Gn), v Proof (Cng ty TNHH Alfa (SaiGon). Do hiu qu di t c thp nn hu nh
ngng bn trn th trng (theo Bayer Vietnam Ltd.). Nh vy, pat ch c s
dng lm gene ch th, protein PAT c APHIS nh gi an ton sinh hc, v
thuc dit c glufosinate khng ph bin Vit Nam.
Ngoi ra, trong gi ng i chng tham kho, stack TC1507 x NK603, dng ng
bin i gen NK603 tng hp protein CP4 EPSPS c to ra bng cch chn on
DNA thng c cha hai on gen (2 copies) mang thng tin di truyn tng hp 5 enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (gen cp4 epsps) c ngun gc t vi khun
Agrobacterium sp. dng CP4 cng cc thnh phn iu khin gen cn thit khc.
2.3 Thng tin v sinh vt nhn
- Tn khoa hc: Zea mays L.
- Tn thng thng: Ng, bp, b (Maize/Corn)
- H: Gramineae
- Chi: Zea
- Loi: mays (2n=20)
Ngun gc: Ng (Zea mays L.) thuc chi Zea, l loi cy lng thc ph bin, c
thun canh ti khu vc Trung-Nam M, sau lan ta ra khp chu M v cc phn
cn li ca th gii. Ng thuc b Maydae, h ph Panicoideae thuc h ha tho
(Gramineae) trong bao gm mt s loi hoang di khc, gi chung l ng hoang.
B Maydae cn bao gm mt s chi l: Zea v Tripsacum phn b ch yu ti vng
Western Hemisphere, v cc chi Coix, Polytoca, Chionachne, Schlerachne, v
Trilobachne chu (CFIA, 1994). Ng hoang hin ch c tm thy trong t nhin
M-xi-c v Gua-te-ma-la.
Ging nn: Ng lai 30Y87 c th
i gian sinh trng pht trin trung bnh 115-120
ngy; c s l trung bnh, bn l rng, kh nng quang hp rt tt. Chiu cao ng bp
trung bnh, bp d b, l bi bao kn c kh nng hn ch mi mt v thi mc trn
ng rung. c bit ng 30Y87 c kh nng chu hn rt tt, sch bnh, cho nng
sut cao v n nh (8-12 tn/hecta).

2.4 Phng php chuyn np gen to dng ng Event TC1507

Ng event TC1507 c to ra bng phng php bn gene (Biolistics PDS1000He) vo cc t bo phi ng Hi-II. Mt on DNA thng (6235 bp) k hiu
PHI8999A (Hnh 2-1) mang cc gen cry1F, pat v kanr cng cc thnh phn iu
khin gen cn thit khc c ct ra t vector PHI8999 (Hnh 2-2) bng vic s dng
enzyme PmeI. Cc gen ny cha thng tin tng hp delta -endotoxin ca vi khun
Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai PS811; phosphinothricin acetyltrasnferase t nm
Streptomyces viridochromogenes v khng khng sinh kanamycin. Protein Cry1F
trong ng chuyn gen TC1507 l protein nhn to, c cu trc ngn hn so vi protein
trong vi khun Bt t nhin. Protein ny c kh nng dit su c thn chu u
(Ostrinia nubilalis), su c thn chu (Ostrinia furnacalis), su xm (Spodoptera
litura) v gim ng k s gy hi ca cc loi su ny vi s hot ng ca gen
cry1F trong ng BG. S hot ng ca gen cry1F trong ng chuyn gen TC1507
c iu khin bi promoter polyubiqutine c tn l ubiZM1v c ngun gc t
chnh cy ng (Hnh 2-1). Ng TC1507 c chng minh l ch mang duy nht mt
on m (copy number) gen cry1F, c di truyn v lun th hin n nh qua cc
th h.
ng event TC1507, gen pat, c ngun gc t S. viridochromogenes, m ha
tng hp phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase (PAT) v c iu khin bi CaMV
35S promoter. Vic chuyn gen pat thc vt gip cy c th tng hp protein PAT
gv do c kh
nng
khng thu
c tr c nhm glufosinate -ammonium
(Glufosinate). Trong s kin TC 1507, pat c s dng nh l gene ch th, gip
trong qu trnh chn lc chn c chnh xc cc cy ng con c mang gene
chuyn np. Protein PAT c biu hin l vi nng thp 40.8 pg/g tng lng
protein gip cy ng con chuyn gene chu thuc dit c cha glufosinate.
Cc kt qu kim tra trong phng th nghim u khng nh trn ng chuyn
gen TC1507 ch cha duy nht mt on AND c mang gen cry1F v gen pat nhng
khng mang gen khng kanamycin. Ngoi ra. khng c bt c Plasmid hay on
DNA no khc c dng trong s kin chuyn gene TC1507 ny.
Sau khi chuyn np, cc t bo phi c chuyn vo mi trng nui cy c
cha thuc dit c nhm glufosinate-ammonium nh cht chn lc, cho php cc t
bo phi mang gen chuyn c th sng s t v tng trng trong mi trng ny. Nh
mong i, phn ln cc t bo ca cy c (khng mang gen chuyn) c loi b
trong qu trnh nui cy trong mi trng chn lc ny. Cc t bo phi sng st v

to cc m so khe, chu glufosinate-ammonium, sau c ti to thnh cc cy

trong nh knh. Cc bc tip theo nh kim tra chuyn su hn bng phn tch phn
t (PCR, Northern blot, Sounthern blot vv..), cc bc chn lc ngoi iu kin ng
rung cng nh vic kim tra, anh gi kh nng khng cn trng ch ch v d su
c ng Chu u (Ostrinia nubulalis). Ng event TC1507 cui cng c la chn
to ra mang tnh khng mt s loi cn trng b Cnh vy (Lepidoptera).
2.4.1 Kch thc, trnh t, chc nng ca on gene a vo
2.4.1.1 Gen cry1F
Gene cry1F c ct ngn v ti u cho biu hin trong thc vt di s iu
khin ca promoter khin tng hp protein ubiquitin v terminator ORF25PolyA
(Bng 2-1). Protein Cry1F trong ging ng TC1507 khng li cn trng cnh vy gy
hi bao gm c su c ng Chu (Ostrinia furnacalis). C ch hot ng ca cc
tinh th protein Cry1F l gy cht u trng ca nhng loi cn trng mn cm vi loi
protein nay, do lm tn thng m v lm mt kh nng n ca u trng. Trong qu
trnh tiu ha trong rut u trng, protein ny ha tan v trong vitr ng hp qu
trnh thy gii protein bi cc protease c trong rut ca cn trng s to ra phn c
c tnh. Phn ny s tip xc c hiu vi cc th quan ca ng rut v dn n
ph hy cn bng thm thu ca cc t bo trong rut gia ca cn trng, cui cng
lm cht u trng (Ibrahim v cs., 2010).
dng t nhin, Cry1F c to ra lng ln di dng tin c t di 1174
axt amin. Sau qu trnh thy phn v ha tan trong ng rut ca u trng cn trng
mn cm, phn c t c hot tnh c chiu di 600 axt amin nm u Nit (Nterminal) ca protein tin c t c to ra. Mc d vic ct chnh xc cha c
bit, da trn m phng trn my vi tnh v d liu trong phng th nghim, phn c
hot tnh c c d on nm t axt amin 28 n 612. Do , to c tnh
khng cn trng, on ct ngn t gene cry1F ch bao gm on m ha phn mang
hot tnh c t c chuyn np vo ng.
2.4.1.2 Gen pat
Gene pat c ti u cho biu hin trong thc vt chu s kim sot ca 35S
promoter v teminator (Bng 2-1). Chc nng ca protein PAT trong ng TC1507 l
cht nh du chn lc v cho php chu cc thuc dit c cha glufosinateammonium. Sn phm ny c ng k s dng cho ng chu glufosinate. Gene pat

c ngun gc t vi khun t Streptomyces viridochromogenes chng T494. N m

ha cho mt on polypeptide di 183 axt amin, v protein PAT hon chnh trng
thi t nhin c bit l hai cu phn protein ging nhau nng khong 43 kDa
(Wehrmann et al., 1996).
Hot tnh ca protein PAT

c m t chi tit (OECD, 1999). Lphosphinothricin hay glufosinate (L-PPT) l thnh phn hot tnh trong thuc dit c
cha glufosinate-ammonium. N gn v bt hot enzym tng hp glutamine trong
thc vt dn n ngn chn qu trnh gii c ammonia d tha, cui cng lm cy
cht. Hot tnh ca protein PAT (phosphinothricin-N-acetyltransferase) c c
trng bi xc tc s chuyn ha L-PPT thnh N-acetyl-L-PPT. Dng khng c hot
tnh ny s khng gn vi enzym tng hp glutamin (De Block v cng s, 1988). Do
biu hin ca PAT trong ng TC1507 dn n s chuyn ha glufosinate hin din
trong mi trng chn lc thnh dng khng c hot tnh, cho php s kh c
ammonia trong cy (EPA, 1995 & 1997).
2.4.2 Phng php xc nh, pht hin gen, c trng ca gen
S hin din ca cc gen c chuyn np vo ng TC1507 c nghin cu
qua nhiu th h bo m tnh n nh di truyn. Biu hin kiu hnh v cc phn
tch phn t cho thy rng ng TC1507 mang gene cry1F c tha hng n nh
qua t nht 6 th h theo m hnh di truyn ca Mendel. Nng sut nng nghip ca
ng TC1507 c khng nh ging vi ng khng chuyn gen ngoi tr cc thay i
mong mun trong vic khng cn trng. Kt qu l ng TC1507 biu hin prot ein
Cry1F cho php khng mt s cn trng cnh vy c hi.
Cc quan st kiu hnh ch ra rng cc chuyn gene ny c di truyn nh cc
gene tri theo m hnh phn ly ca Mendel. Phng php phn tch c lin quan n
vic xt cht ch th glufosinate-ammonium mi th h ghi nhn v loi b cc
phn ly v ngha (cc cy k hng cha bn sao ca gene chuyn). D liu ca s phn
ly cc th h tip theo c ly t cc cy thu nhn t th h F1 da trn c im
chu thuc dit c v khng li su c ng Chu u. Tt c cc cy c xc nh
chu glufosinate-ammonium cng cho thy khng li s xm nhim ca su c ng
Chu u.
Dng phng php PCR,
s hin din ca c hai gen cry1F v gene nh du
chn lc pat trong dng ng TC1507 hai c th lai r ing bit ly t th h T1S1
khng nh s n nh ca cc gene ny trong b gene ca ng (CRL-EU, 2005; Lee

v cs., 2004). Cc th nghim lai phn t Southern blot cng cho kt qu tng t trn
cc th h T1S1 v BC4F1 cng c kt lun rng vic di truyn ny l n nh qua
nhiu th h.

Hnh 2-1: S cc yu t di truyn on DNA thng Pmei PHP8999A c

chuyn np trong qui trnh to dng ng Event TC1507.

Pst I (101)
Hind III (59)
Pme I (21)

UBIZM 1(2)

nptII
EcoR I (1488)

Pme I (6256)
Hind III (6119)

Pst I (2087)
BamH I (2101)

PHP8999
9504 bp

Pst I (6117)

Cry1F (Trunc)

BamH I (6095)

Pst I (3031)

EcoR I (6073)

BamH I (3929)
Pst I (3945)
Hind III (3949)

CAMV35S (Term)
Pst I (5861)
BamH I (5605)

PAT

BamH I (5290)

EcoR I (4690)
EcoR I (4744)

ORF25PolyA

CAMV35S (Prom)

Hnh 2-2: Plasmid PHP8999

10

Bng 2-1: Cc yu t di truyn c trong plasmid PHP8999

Yu t di truyn

Kch c
(kb)

Chc nng

ubiZM 1(2)

1.98

Promoter iu khin tng hp protein ubiquitin (thm

vng intron v vng 5' khng m ha ca gene
ubiquitin ng) t Zea mays (Christensen v cs, 1992)

cry1F (ct ngn)

1.82

Gen cry1F ct ngn ly t Bacillus thuringiensis

var. aizawai ( ti u cho biu hin trong thc vt)

ORF25PolyA

0.72

Terminator t Agrobacterium tumefaciens pTi15955

CaMV 35S
promoter

0.55

35S promoter t virus khm bng ci (Odell v cs,

1985)

pat

0.55

Gene khng glufosinate ( ti u cho biu hin trong

thc vt), da vo gene m ha phosphinothricin
acetyltransferase ly t S. viridochromogenes
(Wohlleben v cs., 1988; Eckes v cs., 1989)

CaMV 35S
terminator

0.20

35S terminator t virus khm bng ci (Pietrzak v cs,

1986)

2.5 c tnh v hin trng s dng ng event TC1507

2.5.1 Protein CRY1F khng cn trng, su hi
Gen cry1F c ngun gc t vi khun Bacilus thuringiensis (Bt) var. aizawai. Bt
thuc nhm vi khun gram dng, l vi sinh vt mang bo t c bit n nhiu
nht v gi tr s dng nh thuc tr dch hi sinh hc. Vic tng hp protein Bt cy
trng chuyn gen gip cy trng c tnh chng cn trng (Ibrahim v cs., 2010; Prieto
Samsonov v cs, 1997). Protein Cry1F l lo
i -endotoxin v l loi protein c tnh
khng cn trng cao nh
t trong nhm Bt. Hot tnh ca -endotoxin trong protein
Cry1F tng hp trong ng event 1507 l u tin chng c th dnh vo nhng v tr
nht nh trn m rut gia (midgut) ca nhng loi cn trng mn cm vi loi
protein ny (de Maagd v cs., 2003; Schnepf v cs., 1998). Tip n, chng c ch
qu trnh trao i ion ca m rut dn n t lit, thm ch gy cht hon ton gy ra
bi nhim khun (Bravo v cs., 2007). Protein Cry1F ch c tnh c duy nht i vi

11

su non mt s loi thuc b cnh vy (Lepidoptera). -endotoxin trong protein Bt

khng th bm dnh trong b mt t bo nim mc rut ca ng vt c v. Do vy,
loi protein nay hon ton khng gy c i vi con ngi cng nh cc loi vt
nui (Siegel, 2001).
Hot tnh sinh hc ca protein CRY1F c kim tra trn mt lot cc loi cn
trng gy hi trn ng. Cc kho nghim c thit lp bng cch cho cn trng n
thc n nhn to c x l vi dch cha protein CRY1F sn xut bi vi khun.
Cc c tnh sin h ha ca protein CRY1F to bi cy trng bin i gen cry1F v
protein CRY1F tng hp t vi khun (B.t) c khng nh l khng c s khc bit
(Evans, 1998). Cc loi cn trng s dng trong kho nghim bao gm su c ng
Chu u (Ostrinia nubilalis), su n l (Spodoptera frugiperda), su n tri
(Helicoverpa zea), su xm (Agrotis ipsilon), su c thn (Elasmopalpus
lignosellus), su c ma ( Diatraea saccharalis), su c ng ty nam ( Diatraea
grandiosella), su c r ng pha ty ( Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), rp l ng
(Rhopalosiphum maidis), v b nhy l ng (Dalbulus maidis) (Evans, 1998; Herman
v Korjagin, 1999). Kt qu th hin su c thn ng Chu u, su n, su c tri,
v su xm mn cm vi c protein CRY1F c tng hp t cy trng chuyn gen
v t vi khun (Evans, 1998). mt nghin cu khc, vic s dng protein CRY1F t
vi khun dit c su c thn, su c ng ty nam, v su c ma, nhng n
khng gy c i vi su c r ng pha ty, rp l ng v v b nhy l ng
(Herman and Korjagin, 1999).
Ngoi ra, hiu qu ca ng event TC1507 chng li hng lot cc cn trng gy
hi cng c kim tra v so snh vi cc i chng l ng th ng thng trong cc
iu kin ng rung Vit Nam (Bng 2-2). Tm li, cc kt qu nghin cu u cho
thy ng chuyn gen mang event TC1507 tt hn ging ng thng thng (khng
bin i gen) trong vic khng li mt s loi cn trng b cnh vy.

12

Hnh 2-3: M hnh hot ng ca protein Cry gy c i vi cn trng

(Ibrahim v cs., 2010)

13

Bng 2-2: So snh hiu qu ca ng TC1507 v ng khng chuyn gen

Ng
TC 1507
/C

ECB tn
thng l
(1-9)a

ECB tn
thng (inch
ng c)

ECB tn
thng tri
(1-9)a

FAW
tn thng
(1-9)a

CEW
tn thng
(1-9)a

SWCB
tn thng
(ins ng c)

BCW tn
thng
(% cut-3 ngy)

SCB tn
thng
(% )b

9
2

0.4
9

7.8
4.3

8
2

6
4

0.4
6.4

32
100

4
90

Ghi ch:
a: im tn thng c ghi nhn bng quan st theo thang im 1 - 9 (1: nhy hon ton; 9: khng hon ton)
b: S khc bit bnh phng t nht (0.05%) = 9.6
ECB = Su c thn ng Chu u
FAW = Su n
CEW = Su c tri
SWCB = Su c thn ng Ty Nam
BCW = Su xm
SCB = Su c ma

14

2.5.2 Protein PAT khng glufosinate-ammonium trong nh du chn lc

Gen pat s dng trong qu trnh chuyn np gen trong vic to dng ng event
TC1507 c ngun gc t nhin t vi khun Streptomyces viridochromogenes (Eckes
v cs., 1989). S. viridochromogenes sn xut ra L-phosphinothricyl-L-alanyl-alanine
(L-PPT) c tnh cht khng thuc tr c khng chn lc. Qua nhi u thp k, gen pat
c s dng chuyn np vo nhiu loi cy trng bin i gen nhm mc ich to
tnh khng PPT cng nh dng tng hp ca n, glufosinate-ammonium. Ng chuyn
gen tng hp protein PAT bt u c thng mi v trng ti M t nm 199 6.
Hon ton khng ghi nhn bt k tc dng ph no i vi sc khe con ngi trong
vic s dng gen pat trn cy trng chuyn gen nh canola v mt s ging ng
(Hrouet v cs., 2005; OECD, 1999a; OECD, 2002a).
S biu hin ca protein PAT trong ng TC1507 cho php cy chu thuc dit
c c glufosinate-ammonium. Glufosinate-ammonium c ch enzym tng hp
glutamine dn n tch t ammonia v lm cht t bo cy. Enzym PAT c tnh kh
c glufosinate hay phophinothricin bng acetyl ha n thnh cht khng c hot tnh.
Cc th nghim trn rung cho thy ng event TC1507 chu thuc dit c cha
glufosinate-ammonium cc mc cao v khng c hin tng gy c cho cy.
Dng ng TC1507 c th c s dng nh sn phm chu glufosinate -ammonium,
khi cc sn phm thuc dit c nh vy c ng k cho s dng trn ng chu
glufosinate.
nhiu nghin cu, trong tt cc mu i chng hm lng protein CRY1F v
PAT u di ngng c th pht hin . Nhng nghin cu ny cng cho thy hm
lng protein CRY1F tm thy cc mc c th o c trong tt c cc mu m
ca ng event TC1507 c kim tra. Thm vo , s biu hin ca protein PAT ch
c ghi nhn cc mc c th o c trong cc mu m l ng event TC1507
trong tt c cc mu kim tra. iu ny khng nh protein PAT ch c biu hin
trong dng ng TC1507 cho php cy chng chu glufosinate-ammonium.
2.5.3 Thng tin lin quan n biu hin tnh trng ca gen chuyn np vo ng
chuyn gen TC1507
Ng TC1507 cho kt qu biu hin protein Cry1F cho php khng li mt s cn
trng cnh vy nht nh v protein PAT cho php s dng ha cht dit c
glufosinate-ammonium nh cht nh du chn lc. Cc kt qu ca nghin cu biu
hin protein trong dng ng lai Bt Cry1F TC1507 c tm tt trong Bng 2-3. Cc
mc biu hin ca protein Cry1F di ngng pht hin trong tt cc mu i

15

chng. Nghin cu ny cho thy biu hin ca protein Cry1F c tm thy cc

mc c th o m c trong tt c cc mu m ca ng TC1507 c kim tra.
S biu hin ca protein PAT c tm thy trong cc mu m l cc mc
c th pht hin n khong 54 ng/mg tng lng protein. Cc mc ny cho sc
chu ng thuc dit c cha glufosinate-ammonium trong ton b cy. Trong cc m
khc, mc ca protein PAT nm di ngng pht hin (20 ng/mg).

Bng 2-3: Mc biu hin protein Cry1F o c trong cc m ng TC1507

M
L
Phn hoa
Ru bp
Thn
Ton b cy
Ht
Ton b cy ho

Cry1F trung bnh

(pg/g protein tng)
110.9
135.5
50.3
550
1063.8
89.8
714.3

lch chun
27.2
13.5
16.5
104
361.7
23.3
95.5

Khong nh/ln nht

56.6 - 148.9
113.4 - 168.2
26.8 - 79.8
355.9 - 737.4
803.2 - 1572.7
71.2 - 114.8
622.2 - 845.3

2.5.4 Thng tin khc bit ca dng ng chuyn gene TC1507 so vi cy b m

Trong thi gian kho nghim trn rung qua cc ma v cc a im khc
nhau trn th gii, rt nhiu d liu nng nghip (ny mm, mc tng trng, cc n
v nhit tch t ln nh v nhy hoa, s ng rp ca thn, chiu cao ca cy, chiu di
ca tri, mc phn b cui cng, thi gian ho ca l, bnh xut hin tnh c, cn
trng ph hoi, m v mt ca ht) c thu thp v khng nh s tng t
v kiu hnh ca ng TC1507 so vi ng thng thng khng chuyn gene.
- Khng c thay i khc bit trong vic to phn hoa, to ht, kh nng sng st
hoc kh nng ny mm ca ht ging so vi ng khng chuyn gene quan st
c trong cc kho nghim ng TC1507.
- Kh nng pht tn: Cc ng lai c thun ha ti mc cc ht ging khng
th c pht tn m khng c s can thip ca con ngi. Cc dng ng TC1507
cho thy khng c s khc bit trong pht tn so vi ng khng chuyn gene.

16

- Kh nng sng st: Ng c trng thun ha n mc n khng th tn ti

bn ngoi mi trng nng nghip c qun l. Vic khng th ng ng ngn chn
ht ging ng sng st t mt ma v ny n ma v k tip. Khi c trng, s
biu hin ca protein CRY1F trong ng TC1507 gip khng mt s cn trng cnh
vy c hi v biu hin ca PAT gip chu thuc dit c cha glufosinate-ammonium
dng trong nh du chn lc. Cc c tnh sng st ca ng TC1507 trong mi
trng vn tng ng vi cc ng khng chuyn gene. S khng c li cn trng
cnh vy nht nh khng cho php s tn ti ca ng bn ngoi mi trng
nng nghip v cc cht dit c ph rng glufosinate-ammonium khng cn c s
dng Vit Nam.
2.5.5 Phng php pht hin cy ng chuyn gene TC1507
Ngoi ng rung, ng event TC1507 cha gene pat cho php khngil
glufosinate-ammonium nn c
vi
phun cc i
lo thuc tr c gc glufosinateammonium l cch n gin xc nh cy c phi l TC1507 hay khng. Mt cch
khc pht hin TC1507 l dng kit th nhanh (que nhng, QuickStix Kit cho
Cry1F - AS 016 cung cp bi Envirologix) c hiu cho protein CRY1F. Bng cch
nhng mt bn ca que th vo dch chit l s cho kt qu xut hin (cc) vch mu.
S hin din ca hai vch ch ra s hin din ca protein CRY1F trong khi s hin
din ca mt vch n ch ra s vng mt ca protein CRY1F.
Trong iu kin phng th nghim, cc phng php nh PCR, real time RTPCR cho php pht hin chnh xc s hin din ca c hai gen cry1F v gene nh
du chn lc pat trong dng ng TC1507 (CRL-EU, 2005; Lee v cs., 2004). Cc th
nghim lai phn t Southern blot cho php cng c kt lun s hin din cng nh
tnh di truyn ca cc gen ny l n nh qua nhiu th h (IBC No. PION-19-1111).
2.5.6 Thng tin v vic thng mi ho (phng thch v s dng) ng chuyn
gene TC1507 trn th gii.
Ng lai mang gen cry1F khng cn trng b cnh vy, m nhn dng OECD
DAS-157-1 c thng mi ha u tin ti M vo nm 2001 (event TC1507,
Herculex I). Hin trng ng k s dng ng event TC1507 trn th gii dng
nh thc n chn nui, thc phm v trng trt trn th gii c th hin trong Bng
2-4. Ng event TC1507 c chp thun trng ti c-hen-ti-na, Bra-xin, Ca-na-a,
C-lm-bi-a, Nht, v M. T khi c thng mi ha M nm 2001, din tch

17

trng ging ng chuyn gen ny trn th gii tng ln n 5.9 triu hecta vo nm
2007, dn u l M, tip n l Ca-na-a v c-hen-ti-na. T nm 2003, ng event
TC1507 cng c chp thun cho nhp khu s dng trc tip lm thc phm,
thc n chn nui hay ch bin Phi -lp-pin, v c trng t nm 2008. Cc
nc khc cho php nhp khu ng TC1507 l Nht Bn, i Loan, c/ Niu- zi-ln,
Trung Quc, cc nc Chu u, Hn Quc, M-xi-c, v Nam Phi.
Bng 2-4: Danh sch cc nc cho php trng v/hoc s dng ng TC1507
Quc gia
Argentina
Australia/NZ
Brazil
Canada
China
Colombia
Honduras
El Salvador
European Union
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Philippines
South Africa
United State
Uruguay

Trng trt

Chng nhn an ton

Mi trng

Thc n/thc phm

2005

2005

2008
2002

2008
2002

2005
2003
2008
2002
2004
2006
2009
2009
2006
2002
2004
2003
2003
2002
2001
2011

2007
2009

2005

2002

2001

2001
2011

18

Hnh 2-4: Tnh hnh s dng ng TC1507 trn th gii

2.5.7 M t nguy c, kh nng xy ra nguy c xc nh ri ro c th xy ra
khi phng thch sinh vt chuyn gene
Event TC1507 mang on ADN cha gen cry1F l gen ch ch m ha cho
protein Cry1F khng cn trng cnh phn v gen ch th pat m ha cho protein PAT
cho tnh trng chu thuc dit c cha glufosinate. V pat l gen ch th, n ch c
dng trong qu trnh chn lc to event TC1507 v trong chn lc hay th nghim
chn chnh xc cc cy ng con chuyn gen TC1507. Protein PAT ch pht hin c
biu hin l vi nng thp 40.8 pg/g tng lng protein gip cy ng con
chuyn gen chu thuc dit c cha glufosinate. Protein PAT c S kim tra Sc
khe Thc vt v ng vt (APHIS) nh gi l an ton v khng tc ng
ln sinh
vt khng ch ch gm c sinh vt c ch. s kin ng chuyn gen TC1507, gen
cry1F l gen ch ch m ha cho protein Cry1F khng cn trng b cnh vy . Nh
vy, vic nh gi ri ro ca ng chuyn gen TC1507 ch lin quan n gen ch ch
cry1F.
2.5.7.1 Kh nng sng st ngoi mi trng ca ng TC1507 v tn ti trong mi
trng t ca protein Cry1F
Ng khng phi l loi thc vt tn ti dai dng. Ht ging ng ch c th tn ti
trong nhng iu kin kh hu nht nh. Nhng cy t mc d b cht do lnh, kh

19

hoc d dng kim sot bng cc phng php nng hc thng thng nh canh tc
t v s dng thuc dit c chn lc (Niebur, 1993). Ng khng c kh nng duy tr
sinh sn nu khng c s canh tc ca con ngi v khng phi l i tng xm hi
mi trng sng t nhin (OECD, 2003).
Ht ging ng l c ch tn ti duy nht ngoi mi trng. Ng l cy tr
ng
hng nm c thun ha lu i, khng c kh nng t pht tn ht ging m
khng c s can thip ca con ngi. Cc im kho nghim ng bin i gen lun
c thc hin trn vng t c kim sot. Ht ging ng khng c c ch ng ng,
chng c th ny mm ngay sau khi thu hoch khi c iu kin thch hp. Do ht
ca ng bin i gen sau kho nghim c ngh s t v chn; thn s c cy
chn lp v khu vc kho nghim c theo di cho ng mc t nhin t nht 2 ln,
sau hy v chn lp, nu c.
Vic a vo vt liu di truyn, cc cu trc, c tnh mi l khng cn trng
cnh vy v chu thuc dit c cha glufosinate khng lm ng TC1507 tr thnh c
di. Khng c cc c tnh ca c di c m t bi Baker c lin quan n khng
hoc nhy cm vi cn trng, v khng c l do cho rng protein Cry1F chng cn
trng ch ch ca ng TC1507 s lm ng thnh c di.
APHIS kt lun: Ngoi c tnh khng mt s cn trng cnh vy v chu thuc
dit c cha glufosinate, ng TC1507 c c im nng hc tng t nh ng lai
truyn thng, v khng th hin nhng c im c th lm tng tnh c di. Canh tc
ng TC1507 khng dn n tng tnh c di ca cc ng trng khc.
V vy, c th kt lun rng nguy c tim n ca ng TC1507 tr thnh c
di v xm ln mi trng t nhin so vi ging ng nn khng chuyn gen l
khng c.
Trn ng TC1507, protein Cry1F c tng hp vi hm lng thp v c gi
li trong cy. Do , c ch gy c hoc cc ng tip xc nhn chung khng lin
quan n protein Cry1F. Theo Halliday (1998) bng cch xc nh hm lng tch ly
protein Cry1F trong t trng ng m phng theo iu kin phng th nghim, tc
phn hy ca protein Cry1F din ra nhanh, thi gian tn ti ngoi mi trng ngn.
Kt qu ca nghin cu ny ch ra rng hot tnh sinh hc ca protein Cry1F trong t
suy gim hn 20 ln sau 28 ngy. Cc c tnh thi gian bn phn hy (DT 50 ) ca
Cry1F l 3,13 ngy (Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA ca USDA/APHIS, 2001; Shan v
cs., 2008).
Mt th nghim trong 3 nm nh gi mc tch t trong t ca protein Cry1F
c tin hnh bng cch trng ng chuyn gen TC1507 trn ba rung, cy ng c

20

chn ngay trong khu t canh tc hoc khng canh tc sau ma v mi nm. Cc mu
t c thu thp t cc rung th nghim, hm lng protein Cry1F trong mi mu
c xc nh bng cch s dng phng php hp th min dch lin kt enzyme
(ELISA). Kt qu khng tm thy protein Cry1F trong bt k cc mu t thu c t
cc rung ng CT1507. Kim tra khu t canh tc khng thy c hot ng sinh hc
nh hng bt li i vi u trng su c chi cy thuc l (Heliothis virescens).
Cc kt qu ny ch ra rng mc tch ly protein Cry1F trong t sau trng
ng chuyn gen TC1507 trong ba nm lin tc l khng ng k (Shan v cs.,
2008).
2.5.7.2 Kh nng tng tc vi cc cy trng cng loi khc trong h sinh thi
Ng (Zea mays ssp mays) thuc v ging Zea, trong bao gm mt s lo i
hoang d khc, gi chung l ng hoang. Chng c h c tm thy trong t nhin
M-xi-c v Gua-te-ma-la nn vic th nghim Vit Nam khng c mi e da
ca vic th phn cho vi cc loi hoang d.
Gen lan truyn t ng TC1507 sang cc ging ng khc c th xy ra thng qua
pht tn phn hoa trong canh tc ma v. Ng ch yu th phn nh gi. Cy tung
phn trong vng 10-13 ngy, phn rng ch tn ti c trong thi gian ngn, 98% ht
phn b ri xung trong vng bn knh 25-50 m (EEA, 2002).
Do vic p dng cc bin php cch li khng gian (hang ro bo v), v cch
li thi gian (lch thi gian tung phn) c th m bo nguy c lan truyn gen t
TC1507 sang cc loi h hng hoang di tng thch sinh sn hay sang cy ng
khc l khng ng k.
2.5.7.3 Kh nng nh hng i vi gia cm v thy sn
Vi gia cm: Mt bn tm tt cc gi tr c tnh cp tnh i tng chim ct
con cho thy nng gy c (LC 50 ) l trn 100.000 mg ng ht cha Cry1F/kg khu
phn n (nng cao nht c th nghim). iu ny tng ng vi 10% hoc
100.000 ppm protein Cry1F trong khu phn n t ng (Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA
ca USDA/APHIS, 2001).
Vi thu sn: Khng c bng chng cho thy s mn cm ca cc loi thu sn
nguy cp no vi protein Cry1F. Kh nng tip xc vi Cry1F qua phn hoa hoc cc
b phn cy ng cha Cry1F l thp. Cc nghin cu c tnh i vi ng vt sng

21

di nc khng xng sng cho thy Cry1F an ton i vi c hay ng vt khng

xng sng. Mc hiu qu (EC 50 ) o c trong 48 gi trong nghin cu c tnh
cp tnh cho ch n ung ca Daphnia magna l trn 100 mg phn hoa Cry1F/lt.
Mc ny cao hn nhiu ln so vi nng c tnh l 1,25 g ca phn hoa
Cry1F/lt bay vo ao nc (Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA ca USDA/APHIS, 2001).
2.5.7.4 Kh nng nh hng ti cn trng ch ch
Hot tnh sinh hc ca protein Cry1F c kim tra trn mt lot cc cn trng
gy hi trn ng. Th nghim c tin hnh bng cch cho cn trng n thc n nhn
to c x l vi dch cha protein Cry1F c ngun gc t vi khun Bt. Cc c
tnh sinh ha c a protein Cry1F n
s xut bi thc vt v protein Cry1F y
l t vi
khun Bt c khng nh bi Evans (1998). Cc i tng cn trng th nghim l
su c ng Chu u (Ostrinia nubilalis), su n l (Spodoptera frugiperda), su c
tri (Helicoverpa zea), su xm (Agrotis ipsilon), su c
thn ( Elasmopalpus
lignosellus), su c ma ( Diatraea saccharalis), su c ng Ty Nam (Diatraea
grandiosella), su c r ng pha Ty (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera), rp ng
(Rhopalosiphum maidis), v b nhy l ng (Dalbulus maidis) (Evans, 1998; Herman
v Korjagin, 1999). Kt qu cho thy s u c ng Chu u, su n ( Mythimna
separate), su c tri ( Helicoverpa zea), v su xm (Agrotis ipsilon) mn cm vi
c protein Cry1F thc vt v Cry1F vi khun (Evans, 1998). mt nghin cu khc
s dng protein Cry1F tng hp t vi khun, s lng nh su c thn, su c ng
Ty Nam, v su c ma mn cm vi loi protein nay, nhng n khng gy c i
vi su c r ng pha Ty, rp ng v v b nhy l ng (Herman and Korjagin,
1999). Kt qu kho nghim Phi-lip-pin cho thy TC1507 khng su c thn ng
chu (Ostrinia furnacalis), su xm (Spodoptera litura), su n (Mythimna
separate), su c tri ( Heliothis armigera). Tm i,
l cc kt qu cho thy ng
TC1507 th hin tt hn cc ging ng thng khng BG trong vic chng li
cc cn trng cnh vy.
2.5.7.5 Kh nng tc ng ln cn trng khng ch ch v cn trng c ch
Cn trng c ch: Cc kt qu ch ra rng vi protein Cry1F tng hp t vi
khun Bt, nng gy c 50% (LC 50 ) cp tnh l trn 320 g Cry1F/g khu phn n
i vi k sinh b Cnh mng (Nasonia vitripennis), v LC50 cp tnh > 480 g
Cry1F/g khu phn n i vi thin ch green lacewing (Chrysopa carnea) v b ra
cnh cng (Hippodamia convergens). Nhng nng ny cao hn nhiu so vi c

22

tnh gii hn trn l 32 g Cry1F phn hoa/g khu phn n xut pht t ng TC1507,
chng t cho thy t c nguy c gy c i vi k sinh, thin ch trong canh tc ng
TC1507 (Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA ca USDA/APHIS, 2001).
Cn trng khng ch ch: Nm 2005, Jeffrey v cng s tin hnh mt th
nghim trn bm Yamato-shijimi (c mu xanh nht), tn khoa hc Pseudozizeeria
maha (Kollar) nhm nh gi tc ng ca phn ng cha protein Cry1F ca ng
TC1507 c trng ti Nht Bn cho thy: mc tip xc d kin vi phn hoa
cha Cry1F ca loi bm ny l di mc gy c. Tng t vi hu ht loi nhy
cm khc u khng pht hin thy nguy c khng ng k cho cc loi bm quan
tm khc ca Nht Bn khi phn hoa cha Cry1F vt ra ngoi rung ng hoc mp
rung.
Vi ong mt v ng vt chn t: Mt n yu cu ca Dow-Mycogen
min iu ha ng chuyn np gen cry1F c ghi chi tit phn tch nh hng ny
trong mt ph lc CBI, v n yu cu tm tt nu ra c tnh cp tnh trong ch
n ung i vi ong mt, LD 50 > 640 ng Cry1F/u trng (Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA
ca USDA/APHIS, 2001).
Mt nghin cu quan st ng rung 3 nm cho ng mang gen cry1F, s kin
DAS-1571 v cc tc ng ln ng vt chn khp khng ch ch (Higgins v
cs, 2009) c thc hin ti bn a im trn cc vng trng ng ca M t nm
2004 n nm 2006. Ti mi a im, cc cp rung (0,8 hecta/rung) ng lai thng
mi chuyn np gen cry1F v i chng khng chuyn gen c trng. Phng
php ly mu c s dng theo di sinh vt khng ch ch bao gm quan st
bng mt thng, th dnh, by pitfall, v by litterbag. Phn tch mc a dng ca
ng vt chn t cho thy khng c khc bit ng k gia rung ng Bt vi ng
/C. Cc phn tch thnh phn loi, s lng c th tng loi cng cho thy khng c
s khc bit ng k v mc phong ph loi gia rung ng Bt vi ng /C. Kt
qu ca nhng nghin cu ny cng vi kt qu t nhng th nghim trong phng th
nghim trc ng h cho gi thuyt ng chuyn gen Cry1F khng gy ra nhng
nh hng tiu cc i vi ng vt chn t khng ch ch trn cc rung
canh tc loi ng ny.
Cc sinh vt t khng ch ch: Mt nghin cu trong vng 28 ngy nhm
nh gi nhng nh hng lu di ca protein Cry1F ngun gc t vi khun i vi
b ui bt Collembola (Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA ca USDA/APHIS, 2001). Th
nghim c tin hnh vi ba cp cht th nghim Cry1F (0,63; 3,1 v 12,5 mg /
kg ca khu phn n). Kt qu th nghim cho thy < 10% cht c l th nghim v
/C. T l sinh sn ca b ui bt khng b nh hng ng k no sau khi tip xc

23

vi cht th nghim. Khng ghi nhn b cht hay suy gim s con chu ca b ui
bt sau chng tip xc vi Cry1F trong vng 28 ngy. Kt qu ca nghin cu ny ch
ra b ui bt khng b nh hng do tip xc lu di vi Cry1F cc cp cao hn
hn so vi thc t trn rung ng. Da trn tnh ton trng hp xu nht, tip xc
sau thu hoch d on l 0,350 mg protein Cry1F/kg ca ton b vt liu cy ho
hoc 0,063 mg protein Cry1F/kg t kh.
Th nghim c tnh cp tnh ca protein Cry1F tng hp bi vi khun ln giun
t cng c tin hnh. Nng gy c LC 50 l > 2,5 mg Cry1F/kg t kh. Nng
ny cng cao hn ng k so vi tnh ton trng hp xu nht cho tip xc ca
trng t vi Cry1F sau thu hoch (Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA ca USDA/APHIS,
2001).
2.5.7.6 Kh nng tc ng ln ng vt c v
Cc nghin cu c tnh c tin hnh xc nh c tnh ca protein Cry1F
chng minh protein ny c c tnh rt thp i vi ng vt c v. Trong mt nghin
cu c tnh cp tnh ng ming chut, cc c tnh cp tnh liu c gy cht
50% (LD50) a vo bao t l > 5.050 mg/kg Cry1F vi khun. Liu lng ny cao
gp 12.190 ln so vi c tnh 95% ch n ung ca ngi c cha protein Cry1F
do tiu th cc loi thc phm c ngun gc t ng BG.
Trong mt nghin cu iu kin phng th nghim chng minh protein Cry1F v
PAT nhanh chng v hon ton b phn hy trong iu kin m phng d dy c s
hin din ca pepsin. iu ny cho thy nguy c gy ra cc tc ng bt li n sc
khe con ngi v ng vt c v d tip xc lu di hu nh khng tn ti. Mt tm
kim c s d liu c lin quan ch ra rng chui axt amin ca protein Cry1F v PAT
khng c tng ng ng k no vi trnh t trong cc c t hoc protein gy d
ng bit. Nh vy, Cry1F v PAT rt kh c th gy nn mt phn ng d ng
(Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA ca USDA/APHIS, 2001; Meyer, 1999).
Nghin cu nh gi hiu qu dinh dng i vi nhng con chut SpragueDawley n thc n SX t ng TC1507 v chut /C cho n thc n SX t ng khng
bin i gen trong khong 90 ngy. Khng c s khc bit ng k v mt c tnh
quan st c trong hiu sut dinh dng, cc du hiu lm sng v hot ng thn
kinh, nhn khoa, bnh hc lm sng (huyt hc, ha hc lm sng, ng mu, v nc
tiu), trng lng c quan, v bnh l bt k gia hai nhm iu tr. Cc kt qu ny
chng minh ht ng TC1507 l an ton v tng ng v dinh dng nh ht ng
khng bin i gen (MacKenzie v cs., 2007).

24

Trong mt th nghim cho khc, 20 con b Holstein cho con b c chia

thnh 2 nhm vi 2 ch n ung v cho n ch n c cha thc n chua ton
b cy ng cng vi ht ng TC1507 hoc ng /C khng BG. Lng cht kh,
mc sn xut sa hng ngy, cht bo, protein, lactose, cht rn khng bo, v
tng s cht rn trong sa khng khc bit gia 2 nhm b th nghim. Nhn chung,
nhm n thc n t ng TC1507 v nhm /C khng khc bit v cc ch s tnh
trng sc khe. Tm li, khng c s khc bit trong sn xut sa, thnh phn sa,
hay sc khe b c xc nh thng qua cc phn tch l ha hc trong mu, v phn
tch huyt hc gia b sa cho n khu phn n ch bin t ng TC1507 v b sa
cho n ch n ung /C (Faust v cs., 2007).

Tm li: t cc d liu th nghim c sn lin quan ti protein Cry1F cng vi

lch s s dng an ton ca cc sn phm Bt ngun gc vi khun Bacillus
thuringiensis chi aizawai khng nh s an ton ca protein kim sot cn trng
Cry1F biu hin trong thc vt v an ton ca vt liu di truyn cn thit cho sn xut
ca protein ny trong tt c cc nguyn liu th. Protein Cry1F ch c i vi mt s
loi cn trng ch ch c th thuc b cnh vy (Lepidoptera). Protein Cry1F c
nh gi l an ton i vi mi trng v a dng sinh hc.
Protein ch th PAT gip chu thuc dit c nhm glufosinate ng chuyn gen
TC1507, khng gy tc hi hoc tc ng tiu cc ng k n sinh vt khng ch
ch, bao gm c sinh vt c li, da trn d liu cung cp trong n v phn tch ca
S kim tra Sc khe Thc vt v ng vt (APHIS) cho dng ng chuyn gen c
min iu ho trc th hin PAT. Cc ADN m ha tng hp protein PAT khng
c hi v PAT khng tng ng vi cc protein c bit l cht c hi hay gy d
ng (OECD, 1999).
APHIS quyt nh p dng tnh trng min iu ha theo i u 7 CFR phn
340.6 i vi ng event TC1507 v con chu ca n cng nh vic canh tc tip theo
ca chng Hoa K v vng lnh th thuc Hoa K. Cng khng cn c nhng hn
ch quy nh trong vic ng k thuc tr su ca RPA cho canh tc ca loi ng ny.
APHIS nh gi thng tin t cc ti liu khoa hc cng nh cc d liu c trng ca
ng event TC1507 v con chu bt. Sau qu trnh phn tch mt cch cn trng,
APHIS a ra cc kt lun sau (EA ca USDA/APHIS, 2001):
- Dng ng TC1507 th hin cc c tnh khng gy bnh cho thc vt. Mc d
ADN t cc tc nhn gy c c s dng trong chn to ging, loi cy ny khng
b nhim c bi cc vi sinh vt (Bt), cc cy ny cng khng l nguy c kch thch
gy bnh thc vt khc.

25

- Ng event TC1507 khng c kh nng tr thnh c di. Ng khng phi l c

di, v khng c l do tin rng cc gen c a vo c th bin ng thnh dch
hi, c di.
- Pht tn gen do lai to gia ng event TC1507 vi ng hoang di M v vng
lnh th ca n l rt kh xy ra. Nguy c pht tn gen t dng ng TC1507 vo cc
loi hoang d khng c kh nng lm tng nguy c tr thnh c di ca bt k con
chu, cng khng tc ng bt li n a dng di truyn ca bt k thc vt c lin
quan, tng t nh chuyn gen trong chn to ging ng lai truyn thng.
- Ng event TC1507 tng ng ng k trong thnh phn ca ton b cy v
trong thnh phn ht, cht lng v c im khc nh i vi ng khng chuyn gen
v khng c tc ng xu i vi hng nng sn th hoc ch bin.
- Ng event TC1507 khng c tc ng xu ng k n sinh vt khng ch ch,
bao gm c nhng sinh vt c li cho nng nghip, v n khng nh hng n cc
loi b e da hoc nguy c tuyt chng.
Cc phn tch trn y cho thy kt qu nh gi ri r o v s an ton ca ng
TC1507 i vi mi trng v a dng sinh hc c tin hnh nhiu nc, trn
nhiu vng sinh thi khc nhau v u cho thy s an ton i vi mi trng v a
dng sinh hc.

26

XC NH VN CN KHO NGHIM TI VIT NAM

3.1 Thng tin v sn xut v s dng cy ng

Ti Vit Nam ng c trng ph bin ti cc vng chnh bao gm cc khu
vc: Trung du v min ni pha Bc; Ty nguyn; Bc trung b v khu vc Duyn hi
min Trung; ng Nam b; ng bng sng Hng; ng bng sng Cu Long. Din
tch trng v t l trng ng ca mi vng c th hin trong Hnh 2-1. Nhng nm
gn y, din tch trng ng lai tng rt n tng. n ht nm 2010, din tch trng
ng trn c nc ln n 1,1 triu ha, nng sut bnh qun 41 t/hecta. Tng sn lng
t 4,6 triu tn trong din tch trng ng lai chim hn 90% tng din tch trng
ng c nc (ngun thng k b NN&PTNT,2010; Tng cc Thng k, 2010).
Nng sut bnh qun ng ca Vit Nam hin thp hn nng sut ng trung bnh
ca th gii (51.6 t/hecta), Trung Quc (55,5 t/hecta) v thua rt xa so vi nc M
(96,5 t/hecta). Thc t l hng nm Vit Nam vn phi nhp khu hn 1 triu tn ng
lm thc n chn gia sc (theo Vinanet s ngy 08/2/2012). Hin nay, nhu cu ng s
dng lm thc n cho chn nui l rt ln. S liu ca tng cc Thng k, gi tr nhp
khu ng 12 thng nm 2011 l 327 triu USD, khin cho gi thc n chn nui trong
nc lun cao hn khu vc t 10-20%. Ga tr nhp khu thc n gia sc v nguyn
liu (u tng, ng ) trong nm 2011 t ti 2.37 t USD. Nh vy nhu cu v
ng, c bit l trong lnh v c ch bin lm thc n chn nui Vit Nam hin nay
rt v cng ln.

Hnh 3-1: Din tch trng ng ti cc khu vc trng ng chnh ca Vit Nam
(1,000 ha, 2010-b NN&PTNT)

27

3.2 Tnh hnh s dng cy trng BG ti ng Nam .

Phillipines l quc gia nm trong khu vc ng Nam , mt trong 25 quc gia
mnh dn a cy trng cng ngh sinh hc vo ng dng t nm 2003. Cho ti
2011, din tch trng cy bin i gen Phillipines l 644 nghn hc ta, t ng 19%
so vi 2010. Thnh tu ng k nht chnh l trng nhng ging ng chuyn gen
khng su c thn v khng thuc tr c. Chnh ph Phillipines ph duyt kho
nghim hn ch ng bin i gen t nm 1999 trn 600m2 v khng nh c tnh
khng ca loi ng ny i vi su c thn ng chu , nng su t vt tri hn
ging thng ti 60% v cao hn 41% soiv cc ging ng lai. n nm 2001,
Chnh ph Phillipines ph duyt kho nghim trn din rng v hiu qu sinh hc
ca ng bin i gen ti nhng vng trng ng chnh t nc ny. T nm 2003,
nng dn Phillipines chnh thc c php trng thng mi mt s ging cy
trng p dng cng ngh sinh hc trong ch yu l ng chuyn gen. Theo Tin s
Reynaldo V.Ebora: kinh nghim trng ng chuyn gen Phillipines chnh l vic ch
trng vo nh gi ri ro i vi mi trng v vn hu thng mi. Cc nghin
cu tp trung vo mt s i tng chnh:
+ S lng loi chn khp (Athropods)
+ Cn trng cnh vy (Lepidoptera)
+ B xt n tht
+ B ra
Cc i tng ny xut hin c trn ng thng , ng lai v ng chuyn gen ti
tt c cc vng trng ng ca Philippines. Kt qu thu c kh kh quan khi ng
chuyn gen khng nh hng tiu cc i vi h sinh thi, khng lm thay i thnh
phn cc loi chn khp, b ra, b xt trn ng v cc khu vc ln cn . Dch su
hi khng tip tc pht sinh do trng ng Bt, khng c tc ng r n cc loi chim
v cc loi su hi khng ch ch trn mt t, gim s xi mn t, khng c tc
ng n mu m ca t. Hiu qu ca ng chuyn gen n SX nng nghip
Phillipines l: nhng trang tri trng ng bin i gen cho nng sut tng 37%, dn
n tng li nhun khong 10.132 peso (4,5 triu ng)/hecta; gim khong 60% chi
ph thuc tr su; tng thu nhp khong 1.34 peso/kg sn phm.
Bn cnh Phillipines, mt nc khc trong khu vc ng Nam l Myanmar
cng chnh thc cp php trng thng mi cy trng bin i gen t 2006-2007
vi cy trng chnh l bng bin i gen Bt. Tnh ti 2011, din tch trng Bng bin
i gen ti Myanmar t khong 238 nghn hc ta, chim ti 79% tng din tch trng
bng ca nc ny, v tng 3% so vi nm 2010.

28

3.3 C s khoa hc nghin cu tnh an ton i vi a dng sinh hc v mi

trng trong trng ng TC1507 trn th gii
Cy trng chuyn gen hin v ang c nghin cu nhiu nc trn th
gii. Mt s nc vi trnh Khoa hc Cng ngh hin i to thnh cng nhiu
ging cy trng chuyn gen trn cc i tng nh: Bng, u tng, Ng vv. Cc
loi ging cy trng ny c a vo s dng nhiu nc nc pht trin (M,
Nht Bn, Ca na a) v mt s nc ang pht trin (c hen ti na, Braxin, Me xi
c, Nam Phi, Philippine...).
Nm 2009 (Steven E. Naranjo), sn lng t cy trng s dng cng ngh sinh
hc trong u tng chim 51% sn lng ton cu, Bn g chim 32% v Ng
chim 17%. Cho ti nm 2011 c th gii c 29 nc trng 160 triu hecta cy
trng bin i gen (10% tng din tch t trng trn ton th gii), tng 8% (30 triu
ha) so vi nm 2010 (ISAAA Brief 43, 2011). Hn phn na s quc gia ny l cc
nc ang pht trin, hn 16.7 triu nng dn trn th gii trng cy p dng cng
ngh sinh hc v gn 90% s ny sng ti cc quc gia ang pht trin. Tnh t nm
1996 n 2010, cy trng bin i gen em li li ch kinh t cho nng dn s
dng (trng) cy trng chuyn gen trn th gii c tnh t 78.4 t la M, ch yu
nh tng sn lng v gim chi ph sn xut. Gp phn gim s dng ti 443 nghn
tn thuc tr su v gip gim s dng t nng nghip ti 91 triu hc ta trn ton
th gii. Mc d, li ch ca cng ngh mi ny em li tim nng ln lao cho nn
nng nghip (to ra nhiu lng thc hn, s dng t din tch t, gim cc chi ph
v ha cht tr su) nhng vn v tnh an ton cho con ngi v mi trng, cng
nh a dng si nh hc vn lun l vn cn cn trng (Michelle Marvier, 2002).
Hin nay, vic ng dng cng ngh mi ang ngy cng tr nn ph bin v quan
trng i vi ton cu.
3.3.1 Nguy c tri gen ngoi mi trng
Ng t nhin c sinh sn trn c s th phn v ny mm t ht. Ng
TC1507 cng c c ch sinh sn tng t nh ng t nhin.
Kch c ht phn ng ln (ng knh trung bnh 0.1 mm), l mt trong nhng
loi ht phn c kch c ln nht c th c th phn nh gi ht phn, do ngoi
t nhin phn ng ch c kh nng th phn trong khong cch kh hn ch (2-3 m k
t u ru ng). Cc kim tra ngoi thc t cho thy s lng ht phn gim mnh t
2.3x107 ht/m2 trong vong bn knh 1 m gim cn 7.1x10 3 ht/m2 (Raynor et al.,

29

1972). Ng cng l loi cy th phn cng loi v t l th phn ph thuc nhiu vo

cc yu t nh gi, m , nhit . Ch c 2 loi ng hoang c th cho php th phn
khc loi l Tripsacum sp. and Euchlanea sp., tuy nhin cc loi ng ny ch c M xi-c, Brasil v Bc M (OECD, 2003). Trn thc t, ng c thun ha phc v
canh tc t hng nghn nm nay, s ny mm ca ht ng rt d b nh hng bi cn
trng, m, nhit cng nh yu cu tnh ng nht t cao. Chnh bi tnh thun ha
cao nh vy, ngoi t nhin ng khng th tn ti nu thiu bn tay canh tc ca con
ngi (CFIA, 1994).
3.3.2 Nguy c tr thnh c di, dich hi
Ngoi tr mt s t nc nh M-xi-c, Brasil v Bc M, cc vng a l khc u

khng tn ti bt c loi c di, ng hoang no c h hng gn vi cc ging ng hin

ang c canh tc (OECD, 2003). Do vy, mi lo ngi vic lan truyn cc gen
chuyn np cry1F, PAT ra cc loi c di ngoi t nhin c th hon ton loi b. Ng
cng c thun ha ti mc ht ng khng th t tch ra t li nu thiu yu t
con ngi. Ng TC1507 ngoi ng rung c th d dng pht hin bng cch phun
thuc tr c gc glufosinate-ammonium, v sau c th c loi b bng tay hay
bin php c gii.
3.3.3 Nguy c nh hng ti sinh vt khng ch ch
Nguy c ng TC1507 nh hng trc tip hay gin tip ti NTOs v h sinh thi
c nh gi v ghi nhn bi y ban An ton Thc phm chu u (EFSA, 2005;
EFSA, 2010). Chi tit cc th nghim kim tra tin hnh trong iu kin phng th
nghim, nh li cng nh ngoi ng rung c lit k ti Bng 3-1.
-

Cc loi th phn: ht phn ng c th bm dnh hoc l thc n ca mt s

loi th phn nh ong mt. cc th nghim s dng protein Cry1F lm thc n
(Bng 3-1) cho thy protein ny khng nh hng i v i nhng hay c i
vi ong mt. Cc th nghim ca Malone and Burgess (2009) s dng protein
Cry1F cng nh ht phn ng chuyn gen cry1F dung lm thc n cho ong mt
vi liu lng t thp n cao cng a ra kt lun: khng c ging ng mang
gen cry1F thng mi no thi im th nghim nh hng c i vi ong
mt. Kt qu t 25 nghin cu c lp trong vic kim tra nh hng trc tip
nh hng ca Cry1F i vi ong mt c tng hp trong bo co ca (Duan
v cs., 2008) cng cho thy khng c bt c nh hng tiu cc no t protein
Cry1F i vi t l sng st ca u trng cng nh ong trng thnh. Kt lun
t y ban An ton Thc Phm chu u (EFSA GMO Panel) a ra l: khng

30

c bt c bng chng no c th dn ti nghi ng ng TC1507 nh hng tiu

cc ti qun th cc loi cn trng th phn, mi kt qu u khng c s khc
bit gia ng TC1507 v cc ging ng truyn thng.
-

K sinh v thin ch: l do l bi c ti hng ngn loi chn khp NTOs lun
xut hin trn ng rung trng ng ti chu u, mt s loi trong s l
thin ch v chng c th tip xc trc tip/gin tip vi protein Cry1F trn
ng ng TC1507. Cc loi k sinh cng c th tip xuc trc tip vi protein
Cry1F t phn hoa, dich nha cy hoc gin tip qua cc sinh v t ch ca
chng. Cc nghin u
c u khng a n bt c chng c no v ng
TC1507 nh hng tiu cc i vi qun th cc loi k sinh, thin ch (EPA,
2005). Higging v cs. (2009) tin hnh th nghim ko di trong 3 nm trn
ng TC1507 ti 4 vng trng ng ca M, v tin hnh theo di s lng ng
k cc loi chn khp khng ch ch bao gm c cc loi k sinh, thin ch
v cn trng hi c. Tin hnh m s cy cng nh theo di bin ng s
lng qun th tng loi chn khp bng cch s dng by dnh (sticky trap),
by hp (litterbag), by chp (pitfall trap). Kt qu l khng c s khc bit
thnh phn loi cng nh s lng tng loi chn khp kho st gia khu trng
ng TC1507 v rung trng ng i chng.

Cc loi chn khp NTOs trn mt t: trn ng Ty Ban Nha c 4 loi rp

mui hi ng ph bin gm Rhopalosiphum padi, Sitobion avenae,
Metopolophium dhodum, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Kt qu iu tra cho thy
mt chung ca cc loi rp mui trn ging ng Bt (Compa CB) cao hn so
vi trn ging ng khng chuyn gen (Dracma). Trong , mt loi rp
mui Sitobion avenae cao hn ng k (Eizaguirre et al., 2006; Pons et al.,
2005). Mt nghin cu khc c iu kin phng th nghim v ngoi ng
rung cng ch ra rng ging ng Bt c nh hng tch cc i vi s gia tng
mt qun th ca rp mui Rhopalosiphum padi (Lumbierres et al., 2004).
Mt qun th rp mui R. padi trung bnh l 2,67 v 1,92 con/3 cy tng
ng trn ng Bt v ng i chng, khng c s khc bit mc ngha thng
k (Wold et al., 2001). Nghin cu ca Rauschen v cs. (2004) li ghi nhn
khng c s khc bit mt qun th rp hi l ng (Zyginidia scutellaris)
trn ng Bt v ng khng bin i gen.

Vi sinh vt t: protein cung cp ngun nit v cc bon chnh cho cc vi sinh

vt t. Hu ht cc loi protein u b phn gii nhanh chng bi cc VSV c

31

cha men protease (Jan et al., 2009), v khng h c bt c bng chng no

cho thy protein Cry1F trong ng TC1507 c nhng khc bit vi cc protein
trong t nhin (Icoz v Stotzky, 2008). Thm ch nu c protein Cry1F thot ra
t r hay phn gii t cc b phn thn, l ng TC1507, th chng cng s b
phn gii bi cc vi sinh vt t sau thi gian mt n v tun. Protein cry
c hp th v gi li trn b mt cc thnh phn khong hu c, ht st hay
trong cc hp cht mn, nhng c ch ny ch c th lm chm qu trnh ch
khng hon ton ngn n
c s phn gii Cry1F ca cc VSV ( Crecchio v
Stotzky, 1998, 2001; Pagel-Wieder v cs., 2007; Madliger v cs., 2011). Rt
nhiu cc nghin cu u cho thy qu trnh phn gii protein Cry1F trong t
din ra nhanh chng v ph bin. Nghin cu ca Shan v cs., 2008 cho thy
sau 3 nm khng cn pht hin Cry1F protein trong t canh tc ng TC1507
( nhy: 4.5ng/gr t kh). y ban An ton Thc Phm chu u kt lun
khng c bt k nguy hi cng nh khng c nh hng trc tip no t protein
Cry1F i vi mi trng t (EFSA, 2011).
-

Cc loi chn p
kh NTOs trong t : cc i tng nh b ui bt
(springtails) hoc mt s loi ve (mites) c ng gp v cng quan trong trong
qu trnh phn gii v ti to cc tn d thc vt. Do cc loi ny c th s
dng nh cc loi ch th v cht lng v thnh phn t. Protein Cry1F s b
phn hy ng k sau mt kh ong thi gian ngn v khng th tch t trong
t, cc sinh vt t ch c th tip xc vi hm lng protein Cry1F tng i
thp trong cc khu rung sau khi thu hoch ng TC1507. Nhn chung, cc
nghin cu u cho thy khng c bt c nh hng tiu cc no t protein
Cry1F i vi cc loi nu trn (Icoz and Stotzky, 2008).

32

Bng 3-1: Nghin cu phng TN, nh li, ngoi ng rung nhm tm hiu nh hng ca protein Cry1F i vi NTOs
Nhm
B ui bt
Su non bm
B ladybird trng
thnh (Bt mi)
Su non lacewing
(Bt mi)
Ong bp cy (k sinh)
Su non ong mt (Th
phn)
Rp nc

Loi

Loi TN

Vt liu

Loi thuc nhm chn khp (Arthropods)

Folsomia candida
Phng TN
Protein Cry1F
Danaus plexippus
Phng TN
Protein Cry1F
Hippodamia
Phng TN
Protein Cry1F
convergens

EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007

EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007
EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007

Chrysoperla carnea

EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007

Phng TN

Protein Cry1F

Phng TN
Protein Cry1F
Phng TN
Protein Cry1F
ng rung
Ht phn cha Cry1F
Daphnia magna
ng rung
Ht phn cha Cry1F
Loi khng thuc nhm chn khp
Giun t trng thnh Eisenia fetida
Phng TN
Protein Cry1F
Chim ct non
Colinus virginianus
ng rung
Ht phn cha Cry1F
Chut
Phng TN
Protein Cry1F

Nasonia vitripennis
Apis mellifera

G broiler
C Rainbow trout

Ngun

Onchorhynchus
mykiss

EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007

EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007
EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007
EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007
EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007
EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007

ng rung

Ht phn cha Cry1F

EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007

ng rung

Ht phn cha Cry1F

EPA, 2005; OECD, 2007

33

3.4 Tiu ch nh gi trong kho nghim ng rung ti Vit Nam i vi ng

bin i gen event TC1507
Vit Nam, B NN&PTNT tr trng n vic nghin cu chuyn gen Bt
vo ng; chuyn gen H 5 N 1 vo Bo tm nhm lm thc n cho gia sc, gia cm;
chuyn gen chng su xanh vo cy Bng vv... Kt qu l kh quan trong tng lai
gn. Hin ti, Vit Nam v ang tip tc nghin cu nhm to ra ging cy trng
chuyn gen nh la c hm lng vitamin A cao; ng khng thuc tr c, khng su;
u tng khng su, chu hn; xoan tng cht lng g; u khng vi rt gy bnh
m vng; bng khng su, chu hn vv... Mc d li ch ca cng ngh chuyn gen
em li tim nng ln lao cho nn nng nghip (to ra nhiu lng thc hn, gim
din tch t s dng, gim cc chi ph v thuc ha cht tr su vv) nhng vn
v tnh an ton cho con ngi v mi trng, cng nh a dng sinh hc vn c n
c thn trng xem xt. Trong iu kin Vit nam, vic ng dng cy trng chuyn
gen vo thc t sn xut cng gp phi nhng vng mc cn gii quyt nh: chng
ta i sau cc nc khc mt thi gian di; thiu kinh nghim trong nghin cu chuyn
su v qun l iu hnh; u t thp. khc phc nhng hn ch ny, cn tip thu
mt cch c chn lc cc thnh tu khoa hc, cng ngh ca th gii v nhanh chng
ng dng vo Vit Nam. Mt trong nhng ng dng l chnh ph, b nghnh c
lin quan cn sm cho php canh tc c ch n lc mt s ging cy trng BG nh
ng Bt, bng Bt khng su, ng khng thuc tr c ti Vit Nam. Cc yu cu v qui
trnh kho nghim, cc ch tiu nh gi, theo di cn c xy dng, chn la mt
cch khoa hc, trn c s tham kho t cc nc c lch s trng nhng ging cy
trng BG ny, tnh tng ng v iu kin sinh thi, trnh v tp qun canh tc
vvnhm rt ngn thi gian, chi ph kho nghim nhng vn m bo tnh chnh xc,
an ton i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng Vit Nam.
Trong trng hp yu cu kho nghim ng Bt, M v Philippines l 2 nc
c la chn tham kho xy dng k hoch, qui trnh kho nghim cng nh cc
tiu ch nh gi bi c hai nc ny u c thi gian di thng mi ha v cho
php trng loi ng ny vi din tch ln. M l nc c bit pht trin vi mt nn
khoa hc cng ngh tin tin; cht lng cuc sng, cc tiu ch an ton sc khe,
mi trng lun c ch trng; cc nghin cu khoa hc chuyn su c tin hnh
thng xuyn nhm p ng cc i hi, gii quyt cc vn pht sinh trong cuc
sng. Qui trnh kho nghim ca h c hu ht cc nc v ang ng dng cy
trng BG trn th gii tham kho, hc hi. Philippines cng l mt nc c lch
s 10 nm canh tc ng Bt v h th u c thnh qu ng k t ng dng ny.
Philippines li l nc cng trong khu vc ng Nam , cc iu kin a l, sinh

34

thi, mi trng cng nh tp qun canh tc ca ngi nng dn kh tng ng vi

Vit Nam chng ta. c hai nc ny u i hi phi tin hnh KNHC v KNDR
vi nhng qui trnh c th nhm nh gi, hn ch ri ro v m bo ATSH, a dng
qun th sinh vt trong khu h sinh thi.
Tham kho qui trnh kho nghim t hai nc ni trn l M v Philippines ,
trong khun kh kho nghim ng rung nhm nh gi ri ro ng BG event
TC1507 i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng sinh thi Vit Nam, hn ch lp li
cc nh gi m kt qu c cng b r r rng trong khi cc ch tiu/ i tng
theo di l khng hay rt t ph thuc bi yu t i u kin sinh thi vng. V d cc
ch tiu o hm lng protein Cry1F trong ht (ch yu ph thuc yu t ging); th
c tnh cp tnh (acute toxicity), c tnh lu di (chronic toxicity) ca protein
Cry1F; hay y/c kim tra tc phn hy, d lng Cry1F trong t cng nh nh
hng ca loi protein ny i vi h VSV t l khng cn thit v cc l lun khoa
hc cng nh kt qu cng b (mc 3.3.3) l r rng v hon ton tin y.
c Bng
vic tun th cht ch cc qu i nh ti Ngh nh s 69/2010/N-CP nm 2010 ca
Chnh ph; di s hng dn v gim st ca y ban ATSH ngnh, ni dung v cc
ch tiu theo di c la chn cho mi KNHC v KNDR cng nh phng php
nghin cu, theo di trong kho nghim ng rung i vi ng event TC1507 c
trnh by chi tit ti mc 4 ca bo co ny.

35

MC TIU, NI DUNG, VT LIU V P.P KHO NGHIM

4.1 Mc tiu v ni dung kho nghim

4.1.1

Mc tiu

Cy trng chuyn gen l sn phm ca nn k thut sinh hc hin i (k thut

DNA ti t hp). Bng k thut ny con ngi c th to ra cc ging cy trng c
tnh trng mong mun m bng k thut to ging truyn thng rt kh hoc khng
th to nn nhng ging cy trng c c tnh tng t. Tin b ca cng ngh mi,
hin i to ra nhng trin vng mi i vi nng nghip v an ninh lng thc.
Song, y cng c xem l vn hin gy tranh ci trn phm vi ton cu . iu
quan trng l khng phi s dng n cc loi ha cht bo v thc vt v nng sut
cy trng tng ng k. Bn cnh , nhng nghin cu v nh hng ca cy trng
chuyn gen n mi trng v a dng sinh hc cng lun c quan tm nghin cu
nhiu hn (Dale P. v cs., 2002; Harwood J. v cs., 2005; Rosel R. v cs., 2007;
Honemamm L. v cs., 2008; Frouz J. v cs., 2008; Powell R. v cs., 2009; Priestley
AL. v cs., 2009; Bai Y. v cs., 2010). Vit Nam, hiu bit v cy trng chuyn gen
cn kh mi m. Nhng Vit nam l nc m nn nng nghip chim 35 - 40% GDP
v c ti 75% dn s lm nng nghip. Hn na, gi lng thc, thc phm ngy
cng tng cao, nng sut cy trng dn b hn ch do nhiu nguyn nhn nh bin i
kh hu, mt cn bng sinh thi, dch bnh bng pht lin tc, s dng thuc tr su
trn lan vv... V vy, vi c p dng CNSH v s d ng ging cy trng BG, thc
phm chuyn gen l vic ht sc quan trng v ng phi quan tm. V mt chin
lc pht trin K HCN ca t nc, Vit Nam khng th khng tip cn vi cng
ngh sinh hc phn t v k thut chuyn gen nhng i hi phi tun th cht ch
theo ng quy trnh m nh nc Vit Nam ban hnh.
khng nh c hay khng c tc ng ca cy trng chuyn gen n cht
lng mi trng t, a dng sinh hc v mi trng Vit Nam, bc u chnh ph
Vit Nam cho php tin hnh trng kho nghim cy BG m ban u l cy Ng.
Xut pht t nhng yu cu thc t trn, c php ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin
Nng thn Vin Di truyn Nng nghip kt hp vi C.ty TNHH Pioneer - Hi Bred
Vit Nam tin hnh kho nghim: Tc ng ca ng chuyn gen event TC1507 i
vi a ng sinh hc v mi trng sinh thi Vit Nam qua 2 v lin tip (KNHC)
sau kho nghim ti 4 vng sinh thi i din 4 vng trng ng chnh ti Vit Nam
(KNDR)

36

Mc ch: Thu thp s liu t thc t ngoi t nhin ng rung nhm tm hiu,
chng minh c hay khng c nh hng ca canh tc ng TC1507 (mang gen cry1F
khng cn trng cnh vy) i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng trong iu kin
sinh thi Vit Nam.

4.1.2

Ni dung kho nghim

4.1.2.1 Ni dung nghin cu trong KNHC

nh gi mc nh hng ti s a dng qun th NTOs trn thc t ng
rung canh tc ng TC1507 v /C
iu tra thnh phn cc loi chn khp (cn trng v nhn)
iu tra mt cc loi chn khp ph bin
nh gi mc a dng ca sinh vt t
nh gi mc xut hin v gy hi ca mt s bnh, su hi ng NT Os)
trn rung canh tc ng TC1507 v /C
4.1.2.2 Ni dung nghin cu trong KNDR
Trn c s cc kt qu nghin cu, thc t canh tc v s dng sn phm ng Bt,
v kt qu kho nghim hn ch (KNHC) ng chuyn gen event TC1507 hai v lin
tip ti Vn Giang, Hng Yn cho thy: trong iu kin mi trng Vit Nam cn
thit mt ln na nh gi trn din rng (ti cc vng sinh thi trng ng chnh ca
Vit Nam) lm r thm nh hng/tc ng nu c ca vic trng ng event
TC1507 i vi:
+ Cc loi bnh v su hi chnh khng ch ch
+ Cc loi k sinh v thin ch
+ Cc loi sinh vt t v trong lp t mt
+ nh gi hiu qu sinh hc ca ng TC1507 trong iu kin p lc su t
nhin ca Vit Nam.
KNDR c tin hnh theo 3 ni dung chnh l:
(1) Kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F
(2) nh gi tnhn nh v tnh th ch ng ca ng event TC1507 so vi i
chng ti mi vng sinh thi Vit Nam.
+ nh gi cc c tnh nng sinh hc v mc mn cm vi cc loi bnh
hi ch yu ca ng event TC1507 so vi ging i chng.

37

+ nh gi hiu qu khng su hi ch ch (Lepidoptera) ca ng TC1507

iu kin p lc su t nhin v tp qun canh tc a phng ti tng vng sinh thi
Vit Nam
(3) nh gi mc nh hng/tc ng i ca vic trng kho nghim ng
event TC1507 vi a dng qun th NTOs trong iu kin vng sinh thi Vit
Nam
+ a dng thnh phn loi ca qun th cn trng NTOs thuc nhm n thc
vt (nhm chch ht)
+ a dng thnh phn loi v s phn b ca qun th cn trng NTOs nhm
bt mi n tht
+ a dng thnh phn loi v s phn b ca qun th cn trng thuc nhm
th phn.
+ a dng thnh phn loi ca b ui bt (Collembola).
4.2 Vt liu v phng php nghin cu trong KNHC
4.2.1 Ging Ng ng k KNHC
- Ging 30Y87H - ng event TC1507 (mang gen cry1F khng cn trng cnh vy)
- Ging 30B80 - i chng, khng chuyn gen
- Ging 30Y87 - ging nn i chng, khng chuyn gen
4.2.2 Thi gian, a im KNHC
4.2.2.1 Thi gian KNHC ng event TC1507
Bng 4-1: Thi gian tin hnh KNHC
Thi gian

Ngy gieo

Ngy trng

V 1
V 2

31/7/2010
27/10/2010
(gieo trong bu)

3/11/2010

38

Ngy thu hoch

31/10/2010
24/3/2011

4.2.2.2 a im KNHC ng event TC1507

Kho nghim hn ch c tin hnh trong hai v lin tip cng mt a
im ti Trm thc nghim Vn Giang, huyn Vn Giang, tnh Hng Yn.
4.2.3 Phng php KNHC (p dng cho c hai v)
4.2.3.1 S b tr th nghim
t qun a
- Din tch mi cng thc l 127,4m2 (9,1m x 14m); canh tc theo p
phng.
- Th nghim c b tr theo khi ngu nhin hon ton (RCBD) vi ba (03) ln nhc
li, mi ln nhc li gm ba (03) cng thc (Hnh 4-2; 4-3). Mi cng thc th
nghim c trng 13 hng di 14m, khong cch hng l 0,7 m, khong cch cy l
0,25m. Cc cng thc kho nghim c thit k nh sau:
CT1: 30B80, ng /C, khng phng tr su, lm c bng tay.
CT2: 30Y87, ng nn /C, khng phng tr su, lm c bng tay.
CT3: 30Y87H, ng chuyn gen, khng phng tr su, lm c bng tay.

39

Hnh 4-1: S b tr KNHC v 1

Hnh 4-2:S b tr KNHC v 2

40

4.2.3.2 Phng php kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F

S dng mu l ng thu ti rung kho nghim theo cc cng thc kho nghim. Cc
dng c v ha cht dng trong th nghim c m t trong Hnh 4-1.

Hnh 4-3: QuickStix Kit dng pht hin nhanh protein Cry1F
Ghi ch:
1. Dung dch m QuickStix EB2; 2. L nh git
3. Eppendorf 1,5ml;
4. Chy nha
5. Que th nhanh;
6. Hp ng que th nhanh
Cch thc thu mu v phng thc tin hnh
Ti thi im ta tha, xc nh s hin din ca protein Cry1F ti cc kho
nghim tng ng nhm xc nh tnh chnh xc trong b tr th nghim cng nh tnh
ng nht ca ht ging bng vic s dng QuickStix Kit cho cry1F. Thu mu l
t 4 cy ngu nhin ti hai hng pha tr ong ca mi l th nghim (xem Hnh 4-2; 43), nghin nh trong ng eppendorf cha dung dch tch chit DNA. S dng que th
nhanh i vi gen cry1F xc nh s hin din ca protein Cry1F. Giai on trc
thu hoch, nu cy c biu hin b hi bi su c thn v su c bp xut hin cc
cng thc th nghim trng ng CT1507, nhng cy ny s c kim tra li bng que
th ca QuickStix Kit cho Cry1F.

41

4.2.3.3 Phng php nh gi a dng qun th NTOs

Tin hnh iu tra bng mt thng v by dnh vng t giai on V8-V10,
trc khi th phn (VT), thi im th phn (R1, khong 50% tung phn), v sau th
phn (R2 v R3 hoc khong 2-3 tun sau 100% tung phn). Cc im ly mu c
gn th, nh s, cm ct c hay ruy-bng d nhn bit cho cc ln ly mu sau.
Bng 4-2:Thi gian iu tra thnh phn qun th NTO ti rung KNHC
t iu tra
1
2
3
4
5
6

Thi gian iu tra

V 1
V 2
1/9/2010
22/12/2010
16/9/2010
30/1/2011
28/9/2010
22/2/2011
5/10/2010
4/3/2011
12/10/2010
15/3/2011
22/10/2010
20/3/2011

GST
Cy c 8 l (V8)
Vt
R1
R2
R3
R6

Ghi ch: t iu tra th 6 ch iu tra su cn gi (su cn l ng)

*/Giai on tng trng ca ng
(Ngun: How a Corn Plant Develops. Special Report No.48. Iowa State Univ. Cooperative
Extension Service. Ames, IA. Jan. 1997.)

V2 - Giai on khi nhn thy c cung l ca l th 2.

V4 - Giai on khi nhn thy c cung l ca l th 4.
V6 - Giai on khi nhn thy c cung l ca l th 6.
V8 - Giai on khi nhn thy c cung l ca l th 8.
V9 - Giai on khi nhn thy c cung l ca l th 9.
VT - Giai on khi hon ton c th nhn thy cc nhnh cui cng ca c ng.
R1 "Silking" - Giai on khi nhn thy c ru ng (phun ru).
R2 "Blister" - Giai on khi ht c mu trng bn ngoi v c dng phng ln.
Giai on ny c th xy ra 10-14 ngy sau khi phun ru.
R4 "Dough" - Giai on khi cc vt cht trong ht to ra dng sp. Giai on
ny c th xy ra sm nht l 24 ngy sau khi th phn.
R6 "Trng thnh" - Giai on khi thu hoch. y c coi l s trng thnh
sinh l.

42

a) Phng php iu tra bng mt thng

iu tra bng mt thng c tin hnh theo phng php ca Vin Bo v
thc vt (theo tiu chun ngnh). C th, trn mi th nghim chn cc cy gia .
Cc cy iu tra phi nm gn trung tm kho nghim tr nh cc tc ng ra
ngoi (Hnh 4-2; 4-3). im ly mu c xc nh v ghi vo trong s theo di kho
nghim. Cy iu tra c chn ngu nhin ln u, ghi s treo bin iu tra cc
ln tip theo cho n khi kt thc kho nghim. Nm cy ng iu tra s c coi l
mt mu i din. Ti mt im quan st, 3 mu i din c ly sao cho cc cy
khng lin tip trn 1 hng s c la chn. C th b qua 2-3 cy gia trnh
ng n cc cy gn trong qu trnh nh gi. Vic quan st mi cy c thc
hin nh sau: trc tin, bng mt quan st ton b cy trong mu i din ghi
nhn s lng nhng cn trng trng thnh (d bay); sau , tng cy s c quan
st cn thn trn c hai mt ca l, vng b l, thn cy, bp ng v c ng (khi c).
Trnh t quan st tng t s c thc hin trn cc cy trong mu i din. Vic
quan st ny s c lp li ti 3 im quan st cho mi th nghim. S lng c th
tng pha pht trin ca mi loi ch yu (hay n v phn loi chnh c quan
tm) c ghi li cho tng cy iu tra. Cc loi chn khp khc c lin quan cng
c quan st v ghi li. Trng hp khi s lng c th ca loi c kch thc c th
nh (nh rp mui, nhn nh) qu nhiu, mt ca chng c th c c tnh hoc
phn cp theo thang cp quy nh chung. Loi k sinh v trng b k sinh cng s
c ghi li. Mu vt cn trng cc loi chn khp c a v phng th nghim
gim nh tn khoa hc. Ch tiu theo di: thnh phn loi v tn xut bt gp.
im quan st, ly mu

Khu vc ly
mu

L th nghim

Cc cy c quan st, ly mu

Hnh 4-4: im ly mu trong nh gi bng mt thng

43

b) Phng php iu tra bng by dnh vng

iu tra bng by dnh vng theo phng php ca C.ty Pioneer Hi-Bred
International. C th, 3 by dnh (Pherocon AM No Bait traps, Trece Inc., Salinas,
USA) c t gn trung tm ca mi th nghim ( Hnh 4-2; 4-3). By dnh vng
c g b vo khong 7 ngy sau t . Thi gian t by ty thuc vo tng a
im, c xc nh v ghi vo trong s theo di kho nghim. Thi gian t by
dnh vng cho mi ln ly mu l ging nhau cho tt c cc cng thc.
Mi by dnh vng s c gn vi mt ct cm trong t v t gia cc hng
(nh Ph lc 3). Cc ct cao (khong 1,5 - 2 m so vi mt t) c th iu
chnh chiu cao by. Cc by c t cao n tn l trong giai on V, v cao ngang
bp khi cy c bp. By dnh vng khi thu t rung th nghim c b vo ti zipper
v dn nhn r rng nhn dng. Cc ct s vn ti ch trong thi gian theo di
th nghim v c g b sau ngy cui cng thu by dnh vng. Cc by dnh vng
thu t rung th nghim v c th gi trong t lnh nh gi sau. m v ghi li tt
c cc loi chn khp cn quan tm da trn tnh a dng ca khu h chn khp khu
vc th nghim. C th tin hnh theo di b sung bng mt v by dnh vng khi c
s pht sinh r ca cc loi cn trng bt mi ph bin. im ly mu b sung c
ghi vo s theo di kho nghim.
4.2.3.4 Phng php theo di mt cc loi chn khp ph bin
iu tra bng mt thng v by dnh vng. Vic iu tra s c tin hnh vo
giai on gia (khong V8-V10), trc khi th phn (khong VT), trong qu trnh th
phn (R1, khong 50% tung phn) v sau th phn (R2 v R3 hoc khong 2-3 tun
sau khi 100% tung phn). Cc im ly mu s c gn th v nh s, cm ct c
hay ruy-bng d nhn bit cc ngy tip theo ly mu. Ch tiu theo di: mt
cc loi c iu tra cn quan tm, t l nhim v ch s nhim i vi rp mui.
-

Loi c kch thc ln: m s lng c th bt gp trn cy iu tra.

Loi c kch thc nh, mt dy c (rp mui ng): nh gi theo cp
nhim:
Cp 0: khng c
Cp 1: rp mui phn b tng c th ri rc, cha hnh thnh qun t
Cp 2: rp mui bt u hnh thnh mt s qun t nh
Cp 3: rp mui c qun t nh, bt u hnh thnh mt s qun t ln
Cp 4: rp mui c nhiu qun t ln
Cp 5: rp mui c nhiu qun t ln lin kt lin li thnh vng ln

44

4.2.3.5 Phng php nh gi a dng ca qun th b ui bt (Collembola)

Phi nhim ca b ui bt (Collembola) vi protein Bt l kt qu ca vic n
cc ph phm cy trng nh r cy, thn l cy, cc ht phn ri xung t trong qu
trnh th phn (Saxena v cs., 1999; Saxena v cs., 2000). Do , cc loi b ui
bt Collembola n cc phn thc vt trn mt t c thu thp bng phng php t
by cc (Pitfall trap)
4.2.3.5.1 Thu mu b ui bt bng phng php by cc (Pitfall trap).
M t by cc: By cc gm 3 b phn: nn che ma, cc ng dung dch v
ng tr c nh (nh Ph lc 3). Nn che ma: Lm t tm mica trong sut c tc
dng che ma cho by. Nn c ng knh 12 cm, cao 16-17 cm, c c nh vo
nn t bng 2 thanh tre 2 bn, cao hn ming cc khong 2 cm, trm ra bn ngoi
cc. Cc ng dung dch: bng nha trong, cng, ng knh 8 cm, cao 10 cm. Cc
cha 50 ml dung dch gm Ethylene glycol + 95% Ethanol + nc theo t l 2:2:1.
Cc c t lt vo bn trong mt ng tr (ming cc thp hn ming ng tr
khong 3-4 cm), ng ny c c nh vo t. ng tr c nh lm t nha cng,
rng, gm mt ng nha, n knh 7,6 cm, di 8 cm ng
l su 4 cm vo mt mng
xng di 8-9 cm, to thnh 1 ng tr di 12-13 cm.
Thao tc t by : Trc tin chn ng tr xung t sao cho ming ng bng
vi mt t (l v tr chn t by cc). Sau cho cc ng 50 ml dung dch bo
qun vo trong ng tr. Cui cng c nh nn che cch pha trn ming cc 2 cm
bng 2 thanh tre cm vo t.
V tr t by: Tng cng c 3 by pitfall mi l c thit lp gn trung tm
ca tng l (mt by cho mi im ly mu) cc giai on sinh trng pht trin
khc nhau ca cy ng: cy c l th 10-15 (V10-V15); cy c l th 18 n tr c
(V18-VT); cy ng bp la non (R1); Bp vi cc ht phng ln, nh ht nhn (R2);
Bp vi cc ht c sa non n ht c bt, nh ht phng, t mu trng n vng
(R3-R4). Sau 5 ngy t s tin hnh thu by (ch thu dung dch ng trong cc ca
by) v dn 3 cc ca 1 l TN vo 1 cc (y c tnh l mt mu nh lng khi
phn tch v x l mu sau ny). Dung dch ca 1 cc duy nht ny c cho vo hp
nha hoc ti ni lng dy, nt kn cng vi nhn ghi y a im, k hiu l TN,
ngy t, s ln nhc li v c chuyn v phng TN vo thi gian nhanh nht c
th. Cc cc sau khi trt ht dung dich, c lm sch v bo qun s dng cho ln
sau. Nn che v ng tr c nh trong t, s dng cho c 5 ln t mu. Nh vy,

45

khi t by cc, s lng by t l: 4 cng thc x 3 ln nhc x 3 by cc = 36 by

cc. S lng by cc thu c l: 4 cng thc x 3 ln nhc x 1 by cc = 12 by cc
Ti phng th nghim: l mu c vo phu lc s dng t giy lc 15
lu li mu ng vt trn t giy lc. Phn dung dch cha mu s qua phu lc
xung cc gn pha di phu. Sau khi lc xong, mu ng vt lu li trn giy lc s
c tch ring cc nhm ng vt, tnh m s lng c th ca ring tng loi vi
cc dng c chuyn dng, loi c xc nh tn khoa hc bng cc ti liu chuyn
mn.
Bng 4-3: Thi gian thu mu Collembola ti rung KNHC
t thu
mu
t 1
t 2
t 3
t 4
t 5

phng php
thc hin
By cc
Ly mu t
By cc
Ly mu t
By cc
Ly mu t
By cc
Ly mu t
By cc
Ly mu t

Thi gian
V 1
V 2
5/9/2010 24/12/2010
10/9/2010 29/12/2010
20/9/2010
10/2/2011
25/9/2010
15/2/2011
2/10/2010
19/2/2011
6/10/2010
24/2/2011
11/10/2010
28/2/2011
15/10/2010
3/3/2011
22/10/2010
7/3/2011
26/10/2010
12/2/2011

GPT
Cy c l th 10-15 (V10V15)
Cy c l th 18 tr c
(V18-VT)
Cy ng bp la non (R1)
Bp vi cc ht phng ln,
nh ht nhn (R2)
Bp c ht sa - ht c bt,
nh ht phng, t mu trng
n vng (R3-R4)

4.2.3.5.2 Thu mu b ui bt bng phng php thu mu t (soil core).

Cc loi b ui bt Collembola n r thc vt c thu thp bng phng php
thu mu t (soil core). Theo Ghilarov (1975), s lng chn khp b trong t t t
vi nghn n vi chc nghn c th trn mt mt vung. V vy, vi mt s lng
mu t, khi lng nh ca mu t vn c th t c kt qu vi chnh xc y
v thc a ty thuc mc ch nghin cu v sinh cnh c th trong mt t
iu tra, ch cn thu t 4-10 mu, c khi lng 125cm 3 l . Trong nghin cu ny
chng ti thu mu t nh lng Collembola.
Ti mi l th nghim: ly 2 mu t lp b mt 0 - 10 cm (kch thc
5x5x10cm trn b mt lung, cch gc cy khong 2-4cm) bng dng c chuyn dng

46

(nh Ph lc 3) v thu nhc li 3 ln cho mt t thu mu. Nh vy, mi ln ly mu

s thu tng s mu l: 2 mu t x 3 cng thc x 3 ln lp = 18 mu. Mu t c
cho vo ti nilon km theo nhn (ghi thng tin v a im, ngy thu, k hiu ng,
ln nhc th my,) v buc cht, chuyn v phng th nghim.
Ti phng th nghim: Collembola v cc ng v t khng xng ng
s khc
c tch ra khi t bng phu Tullgren trong thi gian 7 ngy /m nhit
phng th nghim. Phng php ny cho php thu thp c s lng c th ln hn
nhiu khi thu bng tay v cng cho php tp hp thng tin v mt nhi u hn
(Palacios-Vargas, 1992). Phu Tullgren c cu to bng ba carton cng cun thnh
ci phu vi ng knh 20cm, cao 15cm -18cm. y phu c gn mt ng
nghim c ng knh 1,0cm, di 4cm bn trong ng dung dch nh hnh cn 90 o.
Mu t mang t thc a v, c chuyn vo mt ci ry lc (ng knh ry 18cm,
thnh ry ng
b st, cao 5cm, y ry l li ni ln vi kch thc l li
1,5mmx1,5mm). t ry ny bn trong phu carton v t trn mt gi st c nh.
Sau 7 ngy thu cc ng nghim trong ng vt t chui su qua t, ri vo ng
nghim bn di v c nh hnh bng cn 90o.
X l mu vt, bo qun v nh loi: cc ng nghim c mu vt (Collembola)
thu c nh phu Tullgren s c ln lt ra a petri tnh m s lng cc
nhm, cc dng loi di knh lp hai mt (Olympus SZ40) . xc nh n loi,
tin hnh lm tiu bn c nh, soi di knh hin vi vi phng i ln (n 4000
ln) (Olympus CH2). nh loi vi cc ti liu chuyn mn. Cc mu b nhy khng
lm tiu bn, s c cho vo trong ng nghim cha dung dch bo qun cn 90 o.
Cc ng nghim u c gn nhn ghi y ngy thu, im thu, cng thc,Ton
b tiu bn nh loi v cc mu vt c bo qun ti phng Sinh thi Mi trng
t, Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn Sinh vt, Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam.
Danh sch loi Collembola c sp xp theo h thng cy chng loi pht sinh da
theo h thng phn loi ca Moen v Ellis, 1984. Cc loi trong mt ging c sp
xp theo vn a, b, c. nh tn loi theo ti liu ca Nguyn Tr Tin, 1995; Jan Stach
(1965), Yoshii Ryozo (1982-1983); Hermann Gisin (1960); Loui Deharveng et Anne
Bedos (1995).
4.2.3.5.3 Thu mu b ui bt bng phng php ng ht (suction sample)
y l phng php nh
m thu b sung thm v thnh phn loi b ui bt
Collembola c khu vc nghin cu m khng thu c bi cc phng php trn.
Cc mu vt Collembola sau khi c ht vo trong ng ht s c phn tch nh

47

tn loi phng th nghim b sung danh sch thnh p hn loi cng thc th
nghim.
4.2.3.6 nh gi mc gy hi ca su, bnh hi ng chnh
4.2.3.6.1 nh gi mc gy hi ca su hi ng NTOs
p dng chung cho cc CT: chn 1 i tng chch ht (rp mui, b xt, nhn
...) v 1 i tng ming nhai (su c bp, su cn l, su rm, su xm, su
khoang, b cnh cng n l 4 vt,...) nh gi mc gy hi trn ng rung.
Vic xc nh loi c th s c chuyn gia cn trng thc hin trc thi im
nh gi 1 tun. nh gi 4 ln: giai on gia (V8 -V10), sau th phn (R2 v R3
hoc khong 2-3 tun sau khi 100% tung phn), v trc khi thu hoc h. Nm cy s
c nh gi l mt mu i din. Ti mt im ly mu nht nh, 3 mu i din
sao cho cc cy khng lin tip trn 1 hng s c la chn. C th b qua 2-3 cy
gia trnh ng n cc cy gn trong qu trnh nh gi. Cc im ly mu s
c gn th v nh s, cm ct c hay ruy-bng d nhn bit cc ngy tip
theo ly mu. nh gi theo thang im t 1-9 (Guthrie v cs, 1960).
4.2.3.6.2 nh gi mc xut hin, gy hi ca bnh hi ng chnh.
Nhng bnh hi ng ph bin cn quan tm nh gi:
- Bnh m l ln (Helminthoprium turcicum)
- Bnh m l nh (Helminthoprium maydis)
- Bnh r st (Puccinia maydis)
- Bnh m nu (Physoderma maydis)
- Bnh kh vn (Rhizoctonia solani)
Cc loi bnh trn c nh gi vo giai on 80 - 85 ngy sau gieo, t l bnh
v mc nhim bnh c nh gi theo thang im t 1-9 (phng php ca Lugod
v cs.,2008).
Lu mu: Nm cy s c nh gi l mt mu i din. Ti mt im ly mu
nht nh, 3 mu i din sao cho cc cy khng lin tip trn 1 hng s c la
chn (Hnh 4-4). C th b qua 2 -3 cy gia trnh ng n cc cy gn
trong qu trnh nh gi. Cc mu bnh c xc nh trn c s iu tra thc a ti
rung kho nghim v ghi nhn t l bnh, ch s bnh. Ch s bnh hi trn l, thn
c nh gi theo CIMMYT vi thang cp t 1-9:
Cp 0: khng c vt bnh

48

Cp 1: vt bnh chim 1- 10% din tch b phn b hi

Cp 3: vt bnh chim 11-25% din tch b phn b hi
Cp 5: vt bnh chim 26-50% din tch b phn b hi
Cp 7: vt bnh chim 51-75% din tch b phn b hi
Cp 9: vt bnh chim trn 75% din tch b phn b hi

Hnh 4-5: Ch s bnh hi trn l. (A) Cp 0; (B) Cp 9; (C) Cp 1; (D) Cp7.

T l bnh tnh theo cng thc:
Cy b bnh
T l bnh (%) = -------------------------- x 100
Tng s cy iu tra
Cc vt liu phc v cho vic nghin cu bao gm: h thng lc mu t (ry lc,
phu lc,v.v.); dng c tch mu, phn tch mu v lm tiu bn nh a petri, lam
knh, lamen v cc ha ch
t thng dng trong nghin cu ng vt t; knh lp
Olympus SZ40; knh hin vi Olympus CH2; ngoi ra, mt s loi dng c khc nh l
ng mu, ti nilon, hp ly mu t, bt, s ghi chp, cng c s dng phc
v cho vic nghin cu.
4.2.4 Ghi nhn thng tin, phn tch v x l s liu
4.2.4.1 Ghi nhn thng tin, d liu
Cn b tham gia chu trch nhim duy tr v gi cn thn S ghi ch kho
nghim. S c ghi y , chnh xc bng bt ch. Tt c hot ng bao gm cc
nh gi, ngy gi t by, ngy gi quan st, cc lu chung khi quan st, cc kt

49

lun ca th nghim, c ghi chp li. Thng tin, d liu c ghi theo mu ph
lc 6.1, 6.3, 6.4 (xem A.5.) ca thng t 69/ 2009/TT-BNNPTNT v Quy nh kho
nghim nh gi ri ro i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng ca ging cy trng
bin i gen.

4.2.4.2 Phn tch v x l s liu

Thng k v tnh ton theo ti liu ca Gorny M. v L. Grum (1993), kt hp
s dng phn mm Primer 5; phn mm Excel 2003, phn tch phng sai (ANOVA)
vi tin cy 95%; s dng test Kolmogorov-Smirnov (Richard L. Boyce, 2005)
kim nh gi tr ca ch s a dng H. Cc ch s phn tch:
- S lng loi: c tnh bng tng s loi c mt trong im th nghim tt
c cc ln thu mu.
- Mt c th trung bnh: s lng c th trung bnh c tt c cc cc ca
im th nghim (vi phng php by cc) hay s lng c th trung bnh c tt c
cc ln thu mu ca im th nghim (con/m2) (vi phng php thu mu t).
- Ch s a dng Shannon-Weaver (H): c s dng tnh s a dng loi
hay s lng loi trong qun x v tnh ng u v s phong ph c th ca cc loi
trong qun x. Ch s c tnh theo cng thc:
s

H ' =
i 1

ni ni
ln
N N

Trong :

s: s lng loi
ni: s lng c th ca loi i
N: tng s lng c th trong ton b mu
Gi tr ca H dao ng trong khong 0 - . Ch s a dng ca qun x ph
thuc vo hai yu t l s lng loi v tnh ng u v s phong ph ca cc loi
trong qun x. Mt khu vc c s lng loi hoc s c th nhiu cha hn ni c
tnh a dng cao. Ch s a dng, mt kha cnh no cho bit tnh a dng ca
qun x v l mt ch tiu c th nh gi c tnh a dng v khu h ng vt ca
mt khu vc.
- Ch s ng u (J) hay ch s Pielou: c tnh theo cng thc:
J '=

H'
ln(S )

Trong : S: tng s loi; H: Ch s a dng Shannon-Weaver

Gi tr ca J dao ng trong khong t 0 n 1; Gi tr ca J ln nht khi tt
c cc loi trong qun x c s lng c th bng nhau hay ni cch khc phong
ph ca cc loi trong qun x nh nhau.

50

- Loi u th: l nhng loi c gi tr ch s u th bng hoc ln h n 5%

(Maria Sterzynska, 1990). Ch s u th c tnh theo cng thc:
D=

na
x100
n

Trong :

n a : s lng c th ca loi a
n: tng s c th ca ton b mu theo sinh cnh hay a im.
- Loi ph bin: l nhng loi c gi tr ch s thng gp t 50% -100% . Ch
s thng gp c tnh theo cng thc:
C=

Trong :

Na
x100
N

Na: s lng mu thu c cha loi a

N: tng s lng mu ca sinh cnh nghin cu

Tng s 60 mu by cc v 72 mu t c thu thp v phn tch. Mu vt

hin c bo qun ti phng Sinh thi Mi trng t, Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn
sinh vt, Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit Nam, 18 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H
Ni.

4.3 Vt liu, phng php KNDR

4.3.1 Ging ng k KNDR
Trn c s cc kt lun thu c t KNHC v quy n h cng nhn c y trng
BG ca Vit Nam (ng k v cng nhn theo Event). Cc ging c la chn cho
KNDR c th hin trong Bng 4-4.
Bng 4-4: Tn ging v cc cng thc trong KNDR
CT

Ghi ch*

K hiu trong K hiu

bo co
ging

G1

30Y87H

G2

30Y87HR

G3

30Y87

Ging chuyn gene mang event TC1507 khng cn

trng cnh vy (Lepidoptera)
Ging chuyn gene mang stack TC1507xNK603
khng cn trng cnh vy (Lepidoptera) v khng
thuc tr c glyphosate; i chng
Ging nn khng chuyn gene; i chng

* Ngun: B phn sn xut v vn m ging ca Tp on Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl.

51

4.3.2 Thi gian v a im KNDR

4.3.2.1 Thi gian KNDR ng event TC1507
Bng 4-5 Thi gian gieo v thu hoch ti mi a im KNDR
TT

a im kho nghim

1
2

Tri SX GCT Vnh Phc

HTX Phong Thnh - Thanh Chng,
Ngh An
Nng trng Thng nht, KrongPak,
k Lk
TT NC Thc nghim Hng Lc ng Nai.

3
4

TG gieo ht

TG thu hoch

07/5/2011
13/5/2011

17-18/5/2011
21-22/5/2011

17/5/2011

26-27/5/2011

20/5/2011

30-31/5/2011

4.3.2.2 a im KNDR ng event TC1507

+ Tri SX ging cy trng V Di, Khu 1, th trn Vnh Tng, Vnh Phc (din
tch: 1ha )
+ X Phong Thnh, huyn Thanh Chng, tnh Ngh An (din tch: 1ha )
+ Nng trng c ph Thng Li, huyn Krng Pak, k Lk (din tch :1,2ha)
+ Trung tm Nghin cu Thc nghim Nng nghip Hng Lc, x Hng Thnh,
huyn Trng Bom, tnh ng Nai (din tch: 1ha )
L do chn im kho nghim:
Theo thng k hin trng SX ng ca Vit Nam (s liu thng k b
NN&PTNT, 2010), cc vng trng ng chnh trn c nc hin nay l (1) khu vc
Trung du v min ni pha Bc (Sn La, H Giang, tng DT: 460 nghn hecta); (2)
khu vc Ty Nguyn (k Lk, Gia Lai, tng DT: 236.6 nghn hecta ); (3) khu vc
Bc Trung b (Thanh Ha, Ngh An ; tng DT: 213.6 nghn hecta ); (4) khu vc
ng bng sng Hng (Vnh Phc, H Ni , tng DT: 97.6 nghn hecta); v (5)
ng Nam B (cc tnh ng Nai, B Ra- Vng Tu, tng DT: 81.3 nghn hecta).
Nh vy, ngoi tr khu vc Trung du v min ni pha Bc, mi a im kho
nghim din rng c la chn tng ng i din cho mi vng trng ng trng
im ca Vit Nam hin nay.

52

4.3.3 Phng php KNDR (p dng chung cho c 4 a im)

4.3.3.1 S b tr KNDR
Mi cng thc th nghim nh gi nh hng n mi trng v a dng sinh
hc c trin khai trn din tch 2.025m2 (45m x 45m) v canh tc theo hn g dn
ca Cc Trng trt - B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn.

Hnh 4-6. S KNDR (p dng chung c 4 vng sinh thi Vit Nam)
4.3.3.2 Phng php kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F v CP4 EPSPS
Xc nh s hin din (nu c) ca cc protein ch th ti cc kho nghim
tng ng nhm xc nh tnh chnh xc trong b tr th nghim ng rung cng nh
tnh ng nht ca ht ging bng vic s dng QuickStix Kit cho Cry1F v
QuickStix Kit cho Roundup Ready (ch th s hin din ca gen cp4 epsps khng
thuc tr c glyphosate). Cch thc thu mu v phng thc tin hnh tng t nh
trnh by mc 4.2.3.2 trong KNHC.

Hnh 4-7. Cc dng c kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F v CP4 EPSPS

53

Ghi ch:
1. Dung dch m QuickStix EB2
2. L nh git
3. ng eppendorf 1,5ml
4. Chy nha

5. Que th nhanh protein Cry1F

6. Hp ng que th nhanh protein Cry1F
7. Hp ng que th nhanh Roundup Ready
8. Que th nhanh Roundup Ready (ch th gen khng
thuc tr c glyphosate)

4.3.3.3 Phng php nh gi tnh n nh v tnh thch ng ca ng event

TC1507 ti cc vng sinh thi Vit Nam
Thc hin thng qua vic nh gi cc c tnh nng sinh hc v mc mn cm
/khng vi cc loi su bnh ch yu ca cc ging kho nghim
4.3.3.3.1 Tnh n nh
Thu thp s liu (v d nh o chiu cao cy, chiu cao bp,), ghi nhn gi tr o
lng ghi li t cy khe, i din trong mi c la chn mt cch khch quan.
Tt c cc CT th nghim c nh gi c tnh nng hc trong cng mt ngy.
Bng 4-6: Ch tiu nh gi c tnh nng sinh hc
T.T

Ch tiu nh gi

G nh gi Gi tr ghi nhn

S cy mc/t l mc V2-V4

S cy thc t mc trong mi hay t l %

cy mc trong mi

Sc sng cy con

V2-V4

Thi gian phun ru

c tnh sc sng TB ca cy trong mi

theo thang i
m 1 -9 (1:cy ng
n, l nh,
mng; 9:cy cao, l to, khe)
Ghi nhn ngy khong 50% cy phun ru

Thi gian tung phn

5
6

Chiu cao cy
Chiu cao ng bp

Trng thi cy

TG 50%
phun ru
TG 50% tung Ghi nhn ngy khong 50% cy tung phn
phn
R4
Chiu cao cy t mt t n nh c
R4
Chiu cao tnh t mt t n mt ng ca
bp chnh
R5
nh gi sc khe ca cy theo th ang im
1-9 (1:khng c m thy mu xanh; 5: 50%

54

T.T

Ch tiu nh gi

G nh gi Gi tr ghi nhn

T l gy

R6

9
10

T l bt gc
S cy thu hoch

R6
R6

11

Nng sut thc thu

R6

m l cn xanh; 9: rt xanh, khong 90% m

l cn xanh
% cy trong mi b gy bn di bp
chnh
% cy nghing khong 30 0 so vi mt t
Ghi nhn s cy th c t c n li trong cc
(khng tnh cy non)
Thu bp ca 2 hng gia mi

*/ Cng thc tnh nng sut thc thu (tn/ ha):

NS (tan / ha )
P1:
A0 :
S0:
P2:
P3:

P1 (kg ) P2 100 A 0 (%)

10000(m 2 )
=

2
S 0 (m ) P3 100 15(%)

Trng lng bp ti thu hoch ca mi

m ht khi thu hoch.
Din tch thu hoch (chiu di hng rng hng s hng).
Trng lng ht ca mu
Trng lng bp ti ca mu

4.3.3.3.2 Mc mn cm /khng vi cc loi su bnh chnh

+ Tnh mn/khng bnh m l ln ( Helminthosporium turcicum): phng php
anh gi c thc hin tng t KNHC
+ Tnh mn/khng su hi ng trn ng rung: nh gi mc gy hi trn
ng rung do ly nhim t nhin ca cc loi:
+ Su khoang (Spodoptera litura),
+ Su c thn Chu (Ostrinia furnacalis),
+ Su xm (Agrotis ipsilon),
+ Su c thn mnh hng (Sesamia inferens).
+ Rp mui ng (Rhopalosiphum maidis)
Vic xc nh loi c th cn kho st, nh gi do cc chuyn gia cn trng c
h
quyt nh, trn c s thc t tnh hnh su hi ti a im kho nghim , ty theo
mc gy hi t nhin nhiu hay t ca su hi trc thi im nh gi 1 tun.
Su khoang (Spodoptera litura): Mc gy hi ca su khoang c nh
gi trn 100 cy, ti 5 im ngu nhin mi kho nghim (Hnh 4-4) giai on

55

V4 - V6. T l hi do su khoang gy ra c nh gi theo thang im ca Guthrie

v cs., (1960).
Bng 4-7: Thang im nh gi mc gy hi ca mt s loi su hi chnh
Thang
im*
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

M t
Khng c biu hin b gy hi
S lng t vt cn vi kch thc bng u kim
S lng t vt cn l trn nh trn mt vi l
S vt cn l trn nh ph bin trn mt vi l
Mt s l vi cc vt cn trn nh v mt s vt cn di
Mt s l vi vt cn di khong 1,3-2,5 cm
Mt s l vi vt cn di hn 2.5cm
Vt cn di, xut hin trn 1/2 s l
Vt cn di, xut hin trn 2/3 s l
Hu ht cc l c cc vt cn ko di

*/ Thang im nh gi: theo thang im t 1-9 (Guthrie v cs, 1960).

Su c thn ng (Ostrinia furnacalis) v su c thn mnh hng (Sesamia

inferens): T l gy hi ca su c thn c nh gi bng cch m s cy c biu
hin b hi in hnh do su c thn ng gy ra trn 100 cy ti 5 im ngu nhin
mi kho nghim ti thi im V10-V15. Thang im nh gi s gy hi ca su
c thn trn l ng c th hin trong Bng 4-7. Ngoi ra, mc gy hi ca su
c thn ng cn c nh gi qua cc thng s sau ti thi im thu hoch:
L c: vt c v s l c gy ra bi su c thn trn thn ng, pha trn v
tr ng bp trn 100 cy ti 5 im ngu nhin trong mi kho nghim ti thi
im thu hoch.
S lng v chiu di ng c trn thn gy ra bi su c thn ng: S
liu v s cc ng c c nh gi tnh t lng thn th 3 pha trn v tr ng
bp cao nht ti gc ca thn ng c ghi nhn t 100 cy ngu nhin ti 5 im trn
mi kho nghim ti thi im thu hoch. Vic o m c tin hnh da trn tng
chiu di ca cc rnh c vi chiu di ti thiu l 0.5cm bao gm cc l c xuyn
ngang qua thn, loi tr cc l c nhn thy nhng ch pha bn ngoi thn ng.
Su xm (Agrotis ipsilon): Mc tn thng do su xm gy ra c nh
gi vo giai on V2-V5. S lng cy b ct trong mi th nghim s c ghi
nhn.

56

4.3.3.4 Phng php nh gi a dng qun th NTOs trong KNDR ng event

TC1507 ti cc VST ca Vit nam
a) a dng qun th cn trng : c nh gi bng phng php quan st kt
hp by dnh vng bao gm:
+ S a dng v thnh phn loi ca qun th cn trng thuc nhm n thc
vt (su hi nhm chch ht),
+ S a dng v thnh phn loi v s phn b ca qun th cn trng thuc
nhm bt mi n tht,
+ S a dng v thnh phn loi v s phn b ca qun th cn trng thuc
nhm th phn.
+ nh gi a dng v thnh phn loi ca B ui bt Collembola.
b) Mt ng vt chn t/t iu tra: iu tra (m) nh k trong sut ma
v, tp trung xung quanh giai on tung phn. Trng tm chnh l thu mu nh gi
cc loi ch th trn rung thuc cc nhm: ng vt n tht, k sinh, ng vt t, v
ng vt n thc vt (Bng 4-8). D liu phi c thu nhn ti thi gian tng t
trong ngy cho mi giai on quan st vi mi phng php theo di.

57

Bng 4-8: Cc loi ng vt chn khp c theo di trong nghin cu NTO.

Ch tiu nh gi
trong KNHC

Ch tiu c nh gi
trn th gii

Ni dung nh gi trong
KNDR

B ui bt
(Collembola)
B ra (Coleoptera;
Coccinellidae)
Rp (Hemiptera;
Aphidae)
N/A

B ui bt (Collembola)1

ng vt chn khp n thnh

phn trong t
Qun th cn trng thuc nhm
bt mi n tht
Qun th cn trng thuc nhm
n thc vt (nhm chch ht)
Qun th cn trng thuc nhm
th phn

B ra cnh cng
(Coleoptera; Coccinellidae)
N/A
Ong mt (Hymenoptera;
Apidae)2

1: Shanahan v cs., 2000; EA c a USDA/APHIS, 2001, nh gi ti M

2: Higgins v cs, 2009, nh gi thc hin trong 3 nm ti M.

4.3.3.4.1 Phng php iu tra thu thp s liu

a) Phng php p dng cho quan st v t by
Cc cng thc th nghim c b tr ngu nhin trong cc th nghim. Cc
ny c nh du tham kho trong sut qua trnh thu thp d liu. Vic thu thp
d liu trong cc th nghim tin hnh cc im gn trung tm ca khu vc thu
mu bng cch loi b 10 m vng bn ngoi nhm gim thiu hiu ng ra. im thu
mu c th c nh trong sut v. Cc im quan st c chn ngu nhin v c
ghi nhn trong s theo di kho nghim.
-

S liu v c im nng sinh hc v hiu qu sinh hc: c thu thp ti 3

im, c th:

+ Mi im ly mu tin hnh nh gi trn 10 cy ngu nhin,

+ Mi th nghim nh gi vi 4 im ly mu. Do vy, s cy iu tra/cng
thc th nghim l: 4 im x 10 cy = 40 cy.
-

S liu iu tra a dng thnh phn loi cn trng: c thu thp ti 3 im,
c th: mi im ly mu tin hnh nh gi quan st trn 15 cy ngu nhin;
t 3 by dnh; ly 5 mu t
*/ Phng php by dnh

58

S dng by dnh vng (Pherocon AM No Bait traps, Trece Inc., Salinas, CA,
USA). Vic iu tra c tin hnh cc giai on sm (khong V4-V6), giai on
gia (khong V8-V10), trc khi th phn ( VT), trong qu trnh thphn (R1,
khong 50% tung phn), v sau th phn (R2 - R3 hoc 2-3 tun sau khi 100% cy
tung phn). Cc im ly mu u c gn th v nh s, cm ct c hay ruy-bng
d nhn bit cho ly mu tip theo. Phng php t by tng t nh KNHC.
Thi gian theo di ti Bng 4-9.

Hnh 4-8: By dnh vng t trong rung ng

Bng 4-9: Cc t thu mu cn trng cc GST ca cy ng ti 4 KNDR
(thng 6 - 8, 2011)
t thu
1
2
3
4
5

V. Phc
17/5
5/6
17/6
8/7
18/7

N. An . Lc
25/5
7/6
20/6
5/7
21/7

10/6
24/6
13/7
20/7
28/7

. Nai

GST

18/6
30/6
18/7
30/7
10/7

V4-V6
V8-V10
VT
R1
R3

Mu b sung cho quan st bng mt v by dnh c th c tin hnh trong thi

im ph bin cn trng sn mi. im ly mu b sung s c ghi vo s ghi ch
kho nghim.
b) Thu mu Collembola
Mu t thu nhm nh lng Collembola c thc hin theo ti liu hng
dn ca Ghilarov, 1975. Ti mi th nghim, ly 5 mu t lp b mt 0 10cm,

59

kch thc 5x5x10cm trn b mt l ung, cch gc cy khong 2-4 cm bng dng c
chuyn dng. Vic thu mu c nhc li 3 ln ti cc khong thi gian (bng 4-10).
Ti mi t, tng s mu s thu l: 5 mu t x 3 cng thc x 4 im/cng thc = 60
mu/ 1 im kho nghim. Mu t c cho vo ti ni lng c km nhn (ghi u
thng tin v a im, ngy th u, k hiu ging ng, vv ), buc c ht v chuyn v
phng th nghim.
Bng 4-10: Cc t thu mu Collembola cc GST ca ng ti 4 im KNDR
(thng 6 - 8, 2011)
t thu

V. Phc N. An . Lc

. Nai GST

8/ 6

12/ 6

17/ 6

17/ 6 Giai on trc th phn

2
3

3/ 7
18/ 7

4/ 7
22/ 7

15/ 7
29/ 7

26/ 7 Trong qu trnh th phn.

12/8 Sau th phn 2-3 tun

c) Ti phng th nghim: Phng php thc hin trong phng th nghim c

tin hnh hon ton tng t nh cc phng php trnh by trong KNHC
4.3.4 Phng php phn tch v x l s liu
- X l s liu cc ch tiu nng sinh hc: So snh s liu trung bnh ca cc ging,
trong cng mt im v trong c 4 im bng chng trnh IRRISTAR 5.0.
- X l s liu cc ch tiu qun th sinh vt khng ch ch : Phng php x l
ging nh phng php x l trong kho nghim hn ch
4.3.5

Phng php thc hin chung cho tt c cc ni dung trong KNDR

4.3.5.1 Phng php gieo trng, chm sc

Gieo trng: m bo m t y trc khi gieo trng. Gieo ht bng tay, theo
hng (hng cch hng 0,70 m; cy cch cy 0,25 m), mi hc gieo 2 ht, m bo
ng u v su lp t, khong cch v mt . S ht ging s dng cho kho
nghim s c gieo trng ht, nu tha s c tiu hy hoc bo qun theo ng
quy nh an ton sinh hc theo thng t 69/2009/TT-BNNPTNT.

60

Bng 4-11: Thi gian gieo v thu hoch

a im kho nghim
Tri SX GCT Vnh Phc
HTX Phong Thnh, Thanh Chng,
Ngh An
Nng trng Thng nht, KrongPak,
k Lk
TT NC Thc nghim Hng Lc,
ng Nai.

TG gieo ht

TG thu hoch

07/5/2011
13/5/2011

17-18/5/2011
21-22/5/2011

17/5/2011

26-27/5/2011

20/5/2011

30-31/5/2011

- Kim sot mt , ta tha: Khi 50% s cy trong mi kho nghim t giai on

V2-V4 (khong 12-15 ngy sau trng). Cc th nghim s c ta tha m bo
ng mt v khong cch th nghim bng cch nh b nhng cy yu. Vic thu
gom nhng cy nh v tiu hy c thc hin theo ng hng dn trong thng
t 69/2009/TT-BNNPTNT. Vic kim sot s lng cy trong cc kho nghim l 1
cy/hc (c cy chuyn gen v cy khng chuyn gen) v m bo tnh ng u s
cy/hng trong mi th nghim.
- Chm sc, bn phn, ti nc, ghi d liu nhit , m ti cc im kho
nghim: Cc d liu v thi tit c thu thp trc tip ngay ti rung kho nghim
bng my o nhit , m t ti rung hoc c thu thp t cc trm kh tng
thy vn ca tng vng c d liu i din ti mi a im kho nghim. Lng
ma hng ngy v nhit khng kh hng ngy ti thiu /ti a ( C) s c ghi
li vo lc 8 gi v 14h mi ngy trong sut thi gian kho nghim (t ngy trng n
ngy thu mu cui cng).
- Vnh ai bo v: c thit lp bng cch trng 7 hng ng ging 30Y87 xung
quanh rung kho nghim.

61

KT QU KHO NGHIM NG CHUYN GEN EVENT TC1507 I

VI A DNG SINH HC V MI TRNG SINH THI VIT NAM

5.1 Kt qu KNHC ng event TC1507 (2 v ln tip)

5.1.1 Kt qu kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F (giai on V4)
Kt qu kim tra s c mt ca protein Cry1F trn cc ging ng kh o nghim
c th hin Hnh 5-1. Ng chuyn gen 30Y87H cho kt qu dng tnh vi
protein Cry1F (xut hin 2 vch trn que th nhanh). Hai ging /C khng chuyn
gen l 30Y87, 30B80 v que i chng (ch th vi dch m QuickStix EB2) cho kt
qu m tnh vi protein Cry1F (xut hin 1 vch trn que th nhanh). Kt qu thu
c cng hon ton ging nhau 3 ln lp li, cho c hai v kho nghim. iu
th hin vic b tr th nghim rung KNHC ch ng chuyn gen hon ton chnh xc
v ht ging th nghim l ng nht.

Hnh 5-1: Kt qu kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F trn cc ging ng.
(A) V 1 v (B) V 2

62

 Ghi ch
I, II, III:
30Y87H:
30Y87:
30B80:
Buffer:
5.1.2

Ln nhc li
ng chuyn gen khng su
ng khng chuyn gen
ng khng chuyn gen
mu i chng vi dung dch m

Kt qu a dng qun th NTOs trn rung KNHC

Cng thc tnh a dng loi ca Odum (1971), Colwell (2000) cho php tnh cc
ch tiu lin quan n tnh a dng loi ca tp hp chn khp trong rung ng kho
nghim. Trung bnh tng s c th chn khp bt gp trong mt k iu tra ( phong
ph) trn cc ging ng kho nghim, v trng kho nghim khng ging nhau v
khng ph thuc vo yu t mang gen cry1F.
V 1: ch tiu ny t cao nht ging ng nn khng chuyn gen 30Y87
(191,33 c th). Ging ng 30Y87H (chuyn gen) c trung bnh tng s c th chn
khp bt gp trong mt k iu tra t thp nht trong cc ging ng kho nghim
(49,47 c th).
V 2: tng s c th cao nht ging ng chuyn gen 30Y87H (354,13 c th),
thp nht ging ng 30B80 ( 269,20 c th).
So snh s loi bt gp trong mt k iu tra trong 2 v trng cho thy:
V1: ging ng khng chuyn gen 30Y87 c gi tr cao nht v s loi bt gp
(20,2 loi), tr s ny thp nht ging 30Y87H (18,7 loi). v 2: s loi bt gp
cao nht ging 30Y87H (13,53 loi), tr s ny thp nht ging 30Y87 (12,87
loi). Tuy nhin s chnh lch ny khng ng k. Nh vy, nhng s khc nhau v
s loi bt gp trung bnh trong mt k iu tra gia ging ng chuyn gen vi cc
ging ng khng chuyn gen trong c 2 v l khng ng k (Bng 5-1, Hnh 5-2; 53). Kt qu, s loi chn khp bt gp trong mt k iu tra cc ging ng chuyn
gen cry1F thp hn ging ng nn khng chuyn gen l hon ton hp l, v trn
ging ng mang gen cry1F khng thun li cho s pht trin ca mt s loi su hi,
c bit cc loi su hi ch ch (Pilcher et al., 2005). Mt khc, khi gim ng k
mt qun th ca su hi ch ch trn cy chuyn gen (s thiu vng su hi/mt
su hi thp) s dn n gim qun th ca cc loi thin ch chuyn tnh ca cc
su hi ch ch v khng hp dn cc loi thin ch a thc n c tr, sinh s ng
trn cc ging ng chuyn gen. C hai l do ny to nn tnh hung s loi chn
khp bt gp trong mt k iu tra trn ging ng chuyn gen c th thp hn so vi
ging ng nn.

63

Bng 5-1:Tng s c th v s loi chn khp bt gp trn cc ging ng trong

KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011)

Ging

Tng s c th bt gp/k iu
tra (c th)
V 1
V 2
269,20 28,88
305,80 38,05
354,13 6,96

19,9 2,48
20,2 1,69
18,7 1,81

13,30 0,24
12,87 0,57
13,53 0,44

15.00

S
loi trung bnh/k iu tra

30B80 159,73 31,61

30Y87 191,33 38,18
30Y87H 149,47 23,36

S loi bt gp/k iu tra (loi)

V 1
V 2

13.00
11.00
9.00

Tng s loi

7.00
5.00
3.00
1.00
30B80

30Y87

30Y87H

Ging ng th nghim

T
ng s c th bt gp/k iu tra

Hnh 5-2: Trung bnh tng s loi bt gp trong mt k iu tra trn ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 -2011). V 1 (hnh tri), v 2 (hnh phi).

400
350
300
250
Tng s c th

200
150
100
50
0
30B80

30Y87
Ging ng th nghim

30Y87H

Hnh 5-3: Trung bnh s loi chn khp bt gp trong mt k iu tra trn ng
KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010-2011). V 1 (hnh tri), v 2 (hnh phi).

64

S a dng ca qun th sinh vt khng ch ch (NTO) cn c th hin bng

ch s u th v ch s a dng. Kt qu ny th hin Bng 5-2 v Hnh 5-4. Cc
gi tr ca ch s u th Simpson's D u thp v bin ng t 0,1392 ging ng
30Y87 n 0,1576 ging ng 30Y87H (v 1); 0,3233 ging ng 30Y87H n
0,2729 ging 30B80 (v 2). iu ny chng t trong sinh qun cc ging ng th
nghim, khng c loi chn khp no pht trin vi s lng tri hn, chim u th
hn gy mt cn bng sinh thi. Tuy nhin, gi tr ca ch s u th Simpson's D
trn ging ng chuyn gen c xu hng cao hn (tng ng) so vi trn ging ng
nn khng chuyn gen (Hnh 5-4). S khc nhau v gi tr ch s u th Simpson's D
ca cc ging ng th nghim l khng ng k. Trn ging ng chuyn gen 30Y87H
c ch s u th Simpson's D cao hn, ng thi c ch s a dng Shannon H' thp
hn so vi trn ging ng nn khng chuyn gen 30Y87 v 30B80 (trong c 2 v
trng kho nghim). Nh vy, c c gi tr ca ch s u th Simpson's D hon ton
lgc, tng ng ph hp vi gi tr ca ch s a dng Shannon H'.
Khi xt v ch s a dng Shannon H' (mt ch tiu quan trng nht ca a dng
sinh hc cp loi) cho thy cc gi tr ca ch s a dng Shannon H' u t kh
cao v t > 4 (v 1) ; > 3 (v 2). X l thng k gi tr trung bnh ca ch s a dng
Shannon H ca cc ging ng kho nghim cho thy gi tr ch s a dng Shannon
H' ca cc ging ng u nm trong khong t 4,6258 n 4,7238 (v 1) v 3,0016
n 3,2517 (v 2). S khc bit v ch s a dng Shannon H' gia cc ging ng th
nghim trong cng 1 v l khng c ngha. Do iu kin thi tit 2 v trng ng c
khc nhau dn n ch s H cng khc nhau, nhng s khc nhau v ch s a dng
H cc ging ng kho nghim trong 2 v khng ln.
Bng 5-2: Ch s u th v ch s a dng loi chn khp trn cc ging ng
trong KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011)

Ging
CT1
CT2
CT3

Ch s u th Simpson's D
V 1
V 2
0,1458 ,0125
0,1392 0,0108
0,1576 0,0157
CV(%)
LSD. 05

Ghi ch: CT1: 30B80

Ch s a dng Shannon H'

V 1
V 2

0,2729 0,0191 4,6812 0,0758

0,3219 0,0069 4,7238 0,0445
0,3233 0,1161 4,6258 0,0573
3.99
0.35
CT2: 30Y87

65

3,2517 a 0,0717
3,0016 b 0,0258
3,0321 b 0,0554
3.53
0.31

CT3: 30Y87H

Hnh 5-4: Gi tr ca ch s u th Simpson's D trn cc ging ng KNHC (Vn

Giang, 2010-2011). V 1 (hnh tri), v 2 (hnh phi).

Shannon H'
4.80

3.40
H'

H'

4.70

3.20

4.60

3.00

4.50

Sh

Sh

2.80

4.40

Shannon H'

Shannon H'

2.60
d

4.30

2.40

Ch

Ch

4.20

2.20

4.10

2.00

4.00

30B80
30B80

30Y87
30Y87H
Ging ng th nghim

30Y87

30Y87H

Ging ng th nghim

Hnh 5-5: Ch s a dng Shannon H' ca cc ging ng KNHC (Vn Giang,

2010-2011). V 1 (hnh tri), v 2 (hnh phi).
5.1.3 Thnh phn cc loi ng vt chn khp (cn trng v nhn)
5.1.3.1 Thnh phn cc loi chn khp ghi nhn bng iu tra trc tip
Qua iu tra, bt gp c tng s 42 loi chn khp (v 1) v 34 loi (v 2)
trn cc ging ng kho nghim . Cc loi chn khp bt gp thuc 28 h (v 1); 27
h (v 2), trong 11 b ca lp cn trng v lp hnh nhn. Trong , c hng tp trung
nhiu nht b Cnh u: 9 loi (v 1); 7 loi (v 2) thuc 4 h. Cc b Cnh cng,

66

b Nhn ln c s loi bt gp c tng ng l 8 v 7 loi (v 1); 5 v 7 loi (v

2). Cc b khc cn li c s loi bt gp c t hn, mi b mi ch ghi nhn c
t 1 n 4 loi (Bng 5-3).
S lng loi chn khp bt gp c trn cc ging ng nn khng chuyn gen
v ging ng chuyn gen tng t nhau: ging ng nn 30B80 c 29 loi (v 1) v 28
loi (v 2), ging 30Y87 c 29 loi (v 1) v 30 loi (v 2), ging ng chuyn gen
30Y87H c 32 loi (v 1) v 30 loi (v 2).
Nh vy, s lng loi chn khp bt gp c trn cc ging ng nn khng
chuyn gen v ging ng chuyn gen tng t nhau. Tng s loi chn khp bt gp
c trong v 1 nhiu hn so vi v 2, nhng c loi v 1 nhiu, v 2 t hn (cc
loi trong b Cnh cng) v ngc li (cc loi trong b Nhn ). So snh tng s
loi trong 11 b cc ging ng kho nghim trong 2 v khng thay i.
Tn sut bt gp cc loi chn khp trn cc ging ng kho nghim khng
ging nhau. V 1: hu ht cc loi chn khp (khong 28/42 loi) bt gp mc rt t
n t. C 5 loi bt gp mc nhiu l rp mui ng (Rhopalosiphum maidis), rp
mui bng (Aphis gossypii), b xt m xanh (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis), b ra Nht
Bn (Propylea japonica) v nhn ln (Clubiona sp.). C 5-6 loi bt gp mc
trung bnh l y
r xanh l m (Empoasca flavescens), ry ngc , ry lng trng
(Sogatella furcifera), ry nu (Nilaparvata lugens), di c l (Liriomyza sp.), nhn
bng nhn (Argyrodes sp.). Ring loi su c thn ng (Ostrinia furnacalis) bt gp
mc nhiu trn cc ging ng nn khng chuyn gen 30B80, 30Y87 v mc t
trn ging chuyn gen 30Y87H (Bng 5-4). V 2: kt qu tng t nh v 1.
Trong cc loi chn khp ghi nhn trn rung ng kho nghim ch c 15 loi
l su hi cy ng (nhng loi c du sao (*) trong Bng 5-4); 19 loi l thin ch
ca su hi ng; s loi cn li khc l nhng loi trung tnh hoc tr ng ngu nhin.
Nh vy thnh phn su hi trn tt c cc ging ng kho nghim u ngho nn.
Loi su hi rt ph bin trn cy ng (nh su xm Agrotis ipsilon Hufn.) cha bt
gp trong rung kho nghim). Kt qu cc loi chn khp ghi nhn gia cc cng
thc v gia 2 thi v trng kho nghim l tng i bng nhau. Nguyn nhn c
th do cy ng c kho nghim trn din tch nh v b cch ly bi nhiu loi cy
trng khc cy ng.

67

Bng 5-3: S loi chn khp ghi nhn c qua iu tra trc tip trn ng KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
Tng s
TT

Loi

Ging ng kho nghim

30B80
30Y87
30Y87H

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

Cnh thng (Orthoptera)

Cnh da (Dermapter)

Cnh u (Homoptera)

Cnh na cng (Hemiptera)

Cnh t (Thysanoptera)

Cnh cng (Coleoptera)

Cnh vy (Lepidoptera)

Hai cnh (Diptera )

Cnh mng (Hymenoptera)

10

Nhn nh (Acarina)

11

Nhn ln bt mi (Araneae)

42

34

28

27

29

28

29

30

32

30

Tng s

61

Bng 5-4: Tn sut bt gp cc loi chn khp qua iu tra trc tip trn cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011)

TT

Mc xut hin trn cc ging Ng

30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
V 1
V 2
V 1
V 2
V 1
V 2

Loi

1
2

Su hi ch ch
Su c thn ng (Ostrinia furnacalis Guen)*
Su n l ng Mythimna separata (Walk.)*

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Su hi khng ch ch
Chu chu voi (Chondracris rosea rosea)*
Chu chu la Oxya sp.*
B phn trng (unidentified)*
B tr (unidentified)*
Ry in quang (Recilia dorsalis Mots.)
Rp mui ng (Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch)*
Rp mui bng (Aphis gossypii Glover)*
Su xanh (Helicoverpa armigera Hunb.)*
Su cun l ng (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)*

+++
-

++

+++
-

++

++

0
+
0
+++
+++
0
+

0
0
+++
+++
+++
0
0
0

+++
0
+++
-

+++
0

+
0
0
+++
+++
0
0

0
+++
+++
0
+++
0
0
0

0
0
+++
+++
-

0
0
+++
+++
0
+++
0
0
0
0

+
0
+++
0
0

+++
0

+
0
+++
-

0
-

Cc loi thin ch

1
2
3
4
5

B ui km (Anisolabis annulipes Lucas)

B phn trng (Bemisia tabaci Genn.)
B ra Nht Bn (Propylea japonica Thunb.)
B ra 6 chm (Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabr.)
B ra (Micraspis discolor Fabr.)

62

TT

Loi

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

B ra nu nh (Scymnus hoffmanni Weise)

B xt mt to (Geocoris sp.)
B xt bt mi (Orius sp.)
B xt 2 chm trng (Eysarcoris ventralis Westw)*
B xt m xanh (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter)
Cnh cng 4 chm trng (Monolepta signata Oliv.)*
Cnh cng cnh ngn (Paederus fuscipes Curtis)
ui km sp7.2 (unidentified)
Mt ht ng (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.)*
Nhn son (Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.)*
Nhn ln (Clubiona sp.)
Nhn bng nhn (Argyrodes sp.)*
Nhn trng 8 chm en (Coleosoma octomaculatum)
Nhn si (Pardosa sp.)
Nhn linh miu (Oxyopes sp.)
Nhn trng 4 chm (unidentified)
Nhn (lng) bng en (unidentified)
Ong (Apanteles sp.)
Ong k sinh Mymaridae
Ong Aphelinidea
Ong phidiidea
Su gai (unidentified)

Mc xut hin trn cc ging Ng

30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
V 1
V 2
V 1
V 2
V 1
V 2
0
0
0
0
0
0
+++
0
+++
0
0
+++
+
0
+++
0
0
+++
+++
+++
0
+++
+++
0
0
0
+++
0
++
+++
++
0
++
+++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
+++
++
0
++
+++
++
++
++
+++
++
++
++
+
++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
+
0
++
0
0
++
0
++
++
0
+
0
0
++
0
+
0
0
++
0
0
0
-

63

TT

Loi

28
29
30
31

Rui k sinh su c thn Tachinidae

Rui c l (Liriomyza sp.)
Rui n rp (Ischiodon scutellaris Fabr.)
Trathala sp.

1
2
3
4
5
6

Loi trung tnh v cha r ngha

Ry xanh l m (Empoasca flavescens Fabr.)
Ry lng trng (Sogatella furcifera Horv.)
Ry nu nh (Laodelphax striatellus Fall.)
Ry ngc (unidentified)
Ry nu (Nilaparvata lugens Stal)
Rui (Sepedon sp.)

Mc xut hin trn cc ging Ng

30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
V 1
V 2
V 1
V 2
V 1
V 2
0
0
0
0
++
0
++
+++
0
0
0
0
0
++
+
++
0
++
+
+
0
++
0
++
0
+
0
+
0
++
++
++
++
+
++
++
0
0
0
32

Tng s loi

29

Mc xut hin: - : rt t vi tn sut bt gp di 5%

+: t vi tn sut bt gp t 5% n 25%
+ +: trung bnh vi tn sut bt gp t 26 % n 50%
+ + +: nhiu vi tn sut bt gp >50%

64

28

32

30

5.1.3.2 Thnh phn loi chn khp ghi nhn bng by dnh vng
Song song vi vic iu tra trc tip, tin hnh t by dnh vng (ngy t
by dnh vng trng vi ngy iu tra ca cc t), kt qu iu tra c ghi trong
bng 4-5. bt gp c 40 loi chn khp (v 1) v 26 loi (v 2), thuc 28 h
ca 8 b cn trng, nhn ln (v 1) v 26 h ca 9 b (v 2). V 1: b Cnh mng c
s loi vo by dnh vng nhiu nht (11 loi), v 2 b Cnh u vo by dnh vng
nhiu nht (7 loi). Tip theo l b cnh u (v 1: 9 loi) v b cnh mng (v 2: 6
loi). Cc b cn li khc c s loi vo by dnh vng bin ng t 1 n 6 loi
(v 1); 5 loi (v 2) .
S loi chn khp vo by dnh vng treo cc ging ng kho nghim khng
ging nhau, trn hai ging ng nn (30B80, 30Y87) c s loi chn khp nhiu hn
trn ging ng chuyn gen (30Y87H). Tuy vy, s khc bit ny khng ln v bin
ng t 32 loi trn ging ng chuyn gen 30Y87H, n 33-34 loi trn ging ng
nn 30Y87, 30B80 (v 1). v 2, t 19 loi trn ging 30B80 n 22-24 loi trn
ging 30Y80H v 30Y80.
Nhng loi c kch thc ln (chu chu voi, chu chu la,...) khng thu nhn
c trn by dnh vng. Mt s loi va quan st thy trn cy ng khi iu tra trc
tip va vo by dnh vng (ry lng trng Sogatella furcifera, rp mui ng
Rhopalosiphum maidis, b ra Nht Bn Propylea japonica, cnh ng
c ngn
Paederus fuscipes,...). Tuy nhin, c nhiu loi c kch thc nh kh nhn thy bng
mt thng khi iu tra trc tip (ong k sinh thuc h Aphenlinidae, Eucyrticidae,
Eulophidae, Mymaridae, Scelionidae). Hu nh khng thy c th trng thnh ca
cc loi thuc b cnh vy vo by dnh vng (Bng 5-5).

65

Bng 5-5: S loi chn khp vo by dnh vng trn cc ging ng KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
Tng s
TT

Loi
V 1
V 2

H
V 1

V 2

S loi trn by dnh vng

30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
V 1 V 2 V 1 V 2 V 1 V 2

1
2

Cnh da Dermapter
Cnh u Homoptera

1
9

1
7

1
4

1
7

0
5

1
8

1
5

1
7

Cnh na cng Hemiptera

Cnh t Thysanoptera

5
6

Coleoptera-Cnh cng
Cnh mng Hymenoptera

5
11

4
6

2
9

2
5

4
9

3
6

4
8

4
6

5
7

3
5

7
8

Cnh vy Lepidoptera
Hai cnh Diptera

0
4

1
1

0
3

1
1

0
4

2
0

0
4

2
1

0
3

2
0

Nhn ln bt mi Araneae

40

26

28

20

34

19

33

24

29

22

Tng s

66

Bng 5-6: Thnh phn loi chn khp vo by dnh vng trn cc ging ng KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011)

TT

30B80
V 1
V 2

Loi

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Cc loi su hi
B phn trng Bemisia tabaci Genn. *
B tr (unidentified) *
Ry nu nh Laodelphax striatellus (Fall.)*
Ry lng trng Sogata furcifera Horv*
Ry in quang Recilia dorsalis (Mots.) *
Ry xanh ui en Nephotettix nigropictus (Stal)
Rp mui ng Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch *
Su n l ng Mythimna separata (Walk.) *

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Cc loi thin ch
Cnh cng ngn Paederus fuscipes Curtis
B ui km Anisolabis annulipes (Lucas)
B phn (unidentified)
B ra 6 chm Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabr.)
B ra nht bn Propylea japonica (Thunb.)
B ra nu nh Scymnus hoffmanni Weise
B ra Micraspis discolor (Fabr.)
B tr (unidentified) *
B xt bt mi Orius sp.
B xt mt to Geocoris sp.
B xt m xanh Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter

X
X

0
0
0
0

30Y87H
V 1
V 2
0

X
X

0
0
0
0

0
0

X
X

0
X

67

30Y87
V 1
V 2

X
X

0
X

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

TT
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
1

30B80
V 1
V 2

Loi
Nhn li Araneus sp.
Nhn ln hm to (unidentified)
Nhn bng en (unidentified)
Nhn 4 chm (unidentified)
Nhn si Pardosa sp.
Nhn linh miu Oxyopes sp.
Ong Apanteles sp.
Ong Trathala sp.
Ong kn n lng (Trathala)
Ong kn trng Apanteles sp.
Ong Braconidae (unidentified)
Ong k sinh rp mui Lysiphlebia sp.
Ong Aphenlinidae (unidentified)
Ong Eucyrticidae (unidentified)
Ong Eulophidae (unidentified)
Ong Mymaridae 1 (unidentified)
Ong Mymaridae 2 (unidentified)
Ong ks1 (unidentified)
Rui Agromizidae (unidentified)
Rui c l Liriomyza sp.
Rui k sinh su c thn Tachinidae
Loi trung tnh
Ry nu Nilaparvata lugens Stal

30Y87H
V 1
V 2
X
0

0
0
0

0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

X
X

X
X

0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
X

0
0
0
0

0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

X
X
X

68

30Y87
V 1
V 2

TT
2
3

Loi
Ry ngc (unidentified)
Ry xanh l m Empoasca flavescens (Fabr.)

Rui nu Sepedon sp.

30B80
V 1
V 2

Tng s
Ghi ch: X: hin din,
O: khng

hin din,

*: l nhng loi su hi ng

69

30Y87
V 1
V 2

30Y87H
V 1
V 2

34

19

33

24

29

22

5.1.3.3 Thnh phn loi chn khp bt gp bng 2 phng php (iu tra trc tip
v by dnh vng)
Bng c hai phng php iu tra trc tip v by dnh mu vng ghi nhn
trn rung ng kho nghim c 57 loi chn khp. Chng thuc 36 h ca 11 b c n
trng v nhn. Trong , b cnh mng c s loi pht hin c nhiu nht (11 loi),
sau l cc b cnh u vi 10 loi v b nhn ln 9 loi, b cnh cng 8 loi.
Nhng b cn li khc c s loi ghi nhn c t hn, bin ng t 1 n 5 loi
(Bng 5-7).
S lng loi ghi nhn c bng c hai phng php trn ln lt cc ging
30B80, 30Y87 v 30Y87H gn tng t nhau l 56, 47 v 44 loi (v 1); 28, 30 v 30
(v 2) trn ging ng chuyn gen 30Y87H c s loi ghi nhn c t hn 2 g ing
nn (v 1) nhng li nhiu hn v bng 2 ging nn v th 2. Tuy nhin s kh c
nhau ny khng nhiu ( Bng 5-7). Trong cc loi chn khp ghi nhn c trn
rung ng kho nghim, c 15 loi su hi cy ng (nhng loi c du sao (*) trong
bng 4-7), 32 loi l thin ch v 7 loi trung tnh hoc tr ng ngu nhin (v 1).
V 2, c 6 loi su hi cy ng, 16 loi l thin ch v 4 loi trung tnh hoc tr ng
ngu nhin.
Nh vy, s loi ghi nhn c bng c 2 phng php (iu tra trc tip v by
dnh vng) trn cc ging ng kho nghim trong cng mt v tng ng nhau.
Nhng s liu ny v 2 thp hn v 1, do iu kin thi tit kh hu v 2 (rt m
ghi trong phn ph lc) bt thun cho mt s loi cn trng hot ng

70

Bng 5-7: Tn sut bt gp cc loi chn khp qua iu tra trc tip v by dnh vng trn rung ng trong KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011)

TT
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

30B80
V 1 V 2

Loi
Cc loi su hi ch ch
Su c thn ng Ostrinia furnacalis Guen.*
Su n l ng Mythimna separata (Walk.)*
Su xanh Helicoverpa armigera (Hunb.)
Su cun l ng Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Gueen.*
Cc loi su hi khng ch ch
Chu chu voi Chondracris rosea rosea (De Geer)
Ry lng trng Sogatella furcifera (Horv.)
Ry nu nh Laodelphax striatellus (Fall.)
Rp mui ng Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch*
Rp mui bng Aphis gossypii Glover*
B phn trng Bemisia tabaci Genn.*
B xt hai chm trng Eysarcoris ventralis Westw. *
B tr (unidentified) *
Cnh cng 4 chm trng Monolepta signata Oliv.
Su gai (unidentified)
Mt ht ng Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.*
Nhn son Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.*
Rui c l Liriomyza sp.
Cc loi thin ch

71

30Y87
V 1 V 2

30Y87H
V 1
V 2

0
0

++
0
0

0
0
-

++
0
0

0
0
0
0

++
0
0

++
+
+++
++
++
+
+
0
0
+
+
+

0
+++
++
++
0
+++
0
0
0
0
0

0
++
+
+++
++
++
+
+
0
0
+
+
+

0
0
+++
++
+
0
+++
0
0
0
0
0

0
++
+
+++
++
++
+
+
+
+
+
+

0
0
+++
+
+
0
+++
0
0
0
0
0

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

30B80
V 1 V 2
+
0
0
+++
++
+++
0
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
++
++
0
++
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
++
+
+
0
+
++

Loi
B ui km Anisolabis annulipes (Lucas)
ui km sp7.2 (unidentified)
B xt m xanh Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter
B xt mt to Geocoris sp.
B xt bt mi Orius sp.
Cnh cng cnh ngn Paederus fuscipes Curtis
B ra Nht Bn Propylea japonica (Thunb.)
B ra 6 chm Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabr.)
B ra Micraspis discolor (Fabr.)
B ra nu nh Scymnus hoffmanni Weise
Rui k sinh su c thn Tachinidae
Rui n rp Ischiodon scutellaris Fabr.
Ong (Trathala)
Ong kn trng Apanteles sp.
Ong Braconidae (unidentified)
Ong k sinh rp mui Lysiphlebia sp.
Ong Aphenlinidae (unidentified)
Ong Eucyrticidae (unidentified)
Ong Eulophidae (unidentified)
Ong Mymaridae 1 (unidentified)
Ong Mymaridae 2 (unidentified)
Ong Scelionidae (unidentified)
Ong ks1 (unidentified)

72

30Y87
V 1 V 2
+
0
+++
++
+++
0
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
++
++
0
++
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
++
+
+
0
+
++

30Y87H
V 1
V 2
+
0
0
+++
++
+++
0
+++
+++
+++
+++
+++
++
++
0
++
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
+
++
+
+
0
0
+
++

TT
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Loi
Nhn li Araneus sp.
Nhn ln Clubiona sp.
Nhn bng nhn Argyrodes sp.
Nhn trng 8 chm en Coleosoma octomaculatum
(Boes. Et Strand)
Nhn si Pardosa sp.
Nhn linh miu Oxyopes sp.
Nhn trng 4 chm (unidentified)
Nhn (lng) bng en (unidentified)
Nhn ln hm to (unidentified)
Loi trung tnh v cha r ngha
Ry xanh l m Empoasca flavescens (Fabr.)
Ry xanh ui en Nephotettix nigropictus (Stal)
Ry in quang Recilia dorsalis (Mots.)
Ry ngc (unidentified)
Ry nu Nilaparvata lugens Stal
Rui Agromizidae (unidentified)
Rui nu Sepedon sp.
Tng

30B80
V 1 V 2
+
+++
+++
++
+
+
+
0
0
0

++
+
+

0
0

++
+
+

0
0

++
+
0
+
+
+
+
56

+
0
0
+
0
28

++
0
+
+
+
+
+
47

0
0
0
30

++
0
+
+
+
+
+
44

+
0
0
0
30

+: t vi tn sut bt gp t 5% n 25%
+ +: trung bnh vi tn sut bt gp t 26 % n 50%

73

30Y87H
V 1
V 2
+
0
+++
+++
++
-

+
++
+
+

Mc xut hin: - : rt t vi tn sut bt gp di 5%

+ + +: nhiu vi tn sut bt gp >50%

30Y87
V 1 V 2
+
0
+++
+++
+
++
+

5.1.3.4 Mt cc loi chn khp ph bin

Bng phng php iu tra trc tip ghi nhn c 18 loi thin ch (v 1 ),
11 loi (v 2) ca su hi trong tng s 29 loi chn khp (v 1), 20 loi (v 2) (Bng
5-3). Trong , cc loi thinch
ph bin bao gm b ra Nht Bn (Propylea
japonica (Thunb.)), b xt m xanh (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter), nhn ln
(Clubiona sp), B cnh cng cnh ngn (Paederus fuscipes)
a) B ra Nht Bn (Propylea japonica)
B ra Nht Bn l loi thin ch ph bin trn cc ging ng kho nghim.
V 1: bt gp trong tt c cc k iu tra, trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim. Tuy
nhin, mt b ra Nht Bn trn 3 ging ng kho nghim t khng cao, bin
ng t 0,02 con/cy ging ng 30Y87 n 0,92 con/cy ging ng 30B80. Mt
ca loi ny c xu hng gia tng theo thi gian sinh trng pht trin ca cy
ng. Mt qun th ca n t cao nht trn cc ging ng quan st c vo ngy
12/10/2010 (giai on R 3 ) v bin ng t 0,73 con/cy ging ng khng chuyn
gen 30Y87 n 0.88 con/cy ging ng chuyn gen 30Y87H.
V 2: Ging 30B80, ch bt gp ln iu tra th nht. Ging 30Y87 bt gp
ln iu tra th 1,2 v 5. Ging chuyn gen 30Y87H bt gp ln iu tra th nht v
th 2. Nh vy, mt ca b ra Nht Bn trn cc ging ng kho nghim trong
cng 1 v tng t nhau, v 1 nhiu hn v 2 (Bng 5-8).
Bng 5-8: Mt b ra Nht Bn trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011)
t iu
tra
1
2
3
4
5

30B80

30Y87

30Y87H

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

0,05 0,03
0,37 0,14
0,18 0,09
0,20 0,06
0,92 0,44

0,050,00
0,00
0
0
0,00

0,02 0,02
0,13 0,04
0,18 0,09
0,03 0,03
0,73 0,36

0,020,02
0,020,02
0
0
0,020,02

0,05 0,02
0,13 0,03
0,17 0,07
0,18 0,08
0,88 0,26

0,020,02
0,020,02
0
0
0,00

74

b) B xt m xanh Cyrtorhinus lividipennis

B xt m xanh l mt trong s t cc loi thin ch c coi l ph bin trn
rung ng kho nghim, nhng khng phi u bt gp trong tt c cc k iu tra.
K iu tra u tin (giai on V8, v 1), k iu tra th 3, 4 v 5 (v 2) khng bt
gp b xt m xanh trong tt c cc im iu tra. Ti nhng im iu tra bt gp b
xt m xanh vi mt khng cao. Mt ca b xt m xanh trn cc ging ng
kho nghim trong cng 1 v tng t nhau, v 2 t hn v 1 (Bng 5-9).
Bng 5-9: Mt b xt m xanh trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 -2011)
t
iu tra

V 1

V 2

V 1

1
2
3
4
5

0
0,02 0,02
0,28 0,12
0
0,27 0,06

0,03 0,03
0,53 0,29
0
0
0

0
0
0,15 0,09
0
0,23 0.07

30B80

30Y87

30Y87H
V 2

V 1

V 2

0,02 0,02
0
0
0,52 0,26
0
0,58 0,35
0
0,13 0,06
0
0
0,10 0,04
0
0
0,25 0,09
0

c) Nhn ln (Clubiona sp.)

Nhn ln (Clubiona sp.) l loi nhn ln bt mi ph bin, bt gp trong hu ht
cc k iu tra trn 3 cc ging ng kho nghim. Tuy vy, mt ca nhn ln
Clubiona sp. trn ng kho nghim khng cao.
V 1: Mt ca nhn ln (Clubiona sp.) c xu hng gim theo thi gian sinh
trng pht trin ca cy ng, Mt k iu tra th 1 (giai on V 8 ) t cao nht
v bin ng trong khong 0,27 - 0,43 con/cy. n k iu tra cui cng (giai on
R 3 ), mt ca loi ny gim r rng v ch bin ng trong khong 0,02 - 0,13
con/cy.
V 2: ging 30B80, mt nhn ln t t 0,33 0,58 con/cy. Ging 30Y87,
mt t t 0,22 0,73 con/cy. Ging 30Y87H, mt t 0,15 0,70 con/cy.
Trn c 3 ging, mt nhn ln tng gim trong cc ln iu tra khng theo quy
lut.
Nh vy, mt nhn ln trn cc ging ng kho nghim khc nhau, tng t
nhau cc ln iu tra. v 2, mt nhn ln cao hn so vi v 1 (Bng 5-10).

75

Bng 5-10: Mt nhn ln trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC

(Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
t
iu tra

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

1
2
3
4
5

0,27 0,04
0
0,03 0,02
0,08 0,08
0,08 0,04

0,47 0,24
0,45 0,29
0,55 0,35
0,58 0,39
0,33 0,17

0,32 0,15
0,07 0,04
0,12 0,06
0,05 0,05
0,03 0,02

0,73 0,37
0,40 0,21
0,45 0,35
0,22 0,07
0,30 0,15

0,43 0,16
0,30 0,00
0,08 0,03
0,17 0,12
0,13 0,13

0,70 0,08
0,15 0,15
0,33 0,23
0,17 0,14
0,18 0,16

30B80

30Y87

30Y87H

d) B cnh cng cnh ngn (Paederus fuscipes )

B cnh cng cnh ngn (Paederus fuscipes) l loi thin ch xut hin trn cc
ging ng kho nghim vi mt cao nht trong cc loi bt mi. Mt ca n t
kh cao trn cc ging ng kho nghim.
V 1: mt bin ng t 0,07 n 2,92 con/cy trn ging ng 30B80; t 0
1,92 con/cy (30Y80) v t 0,10 n 2,43 con/cy trn ging ng chuyn gen
30Y87H.
V 2: mt b cnh cng ngn t t 1,13 1,97 con/cy (30B80); t 0,8 2,03 con/cy (30Y80) v 0,77 2,25 con/cy.
Vy, trong cng mt v trng, mt b cnh cng cnh ngn trn cc ging
ng kho nghim gn tng t nhau. 2 v trng khc nhau mt chng khc nhau,
cui v 1 mt tng cao hn u v v tng tng i n nh trong v 2 (Bng 511).
Bng 5-11: Mt B cng cnh ngn trn cc ging ng (con/cy) trong KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
t
iu tra

V 1

1
2
3
4
5

0,07 0,07
0,50 0,31
0,18 0,07
0,43 0,19
2,92 0,63

30B80

30Y87
V 2

V 1

1,30 0,38 0,08 0,04

1,13 0,38
0
1,97 0,16 0,28 0,18
1,95 0,19 0,42 0,30
1,70 0,03 1,92 1,09

76

30Y87H
V 2

V 1

V 2

1,85 0,53
0,80 0,23
2,03 0,64
1,75 0,31
1,92 0,13

0,35 0,03
0,10 0,03
0,20 0,05
0,25 0,18
2,43 0,10

1,28 0,15
0,77 0,19
1,82 0,19
2,08 0,16
2,25 0,08

5.1.4 Kt qu nh gi s a dng ca sinh vt t

5.1.4.1 nh gi a dng sinh vt t bng phng php thu mu t
thc hin 3 t thc a thu mu nh lng b ui bt (Collembola). Kt
qu phn tch v thnh phn loi, phn b ca b ui bt (Collembola) c trnh
by Bng 5-12. Trn t trng ng chuyn gen v t trng ng khng chuyn gen
(i chng) ghi nhn c 34 loi thuc 19 ging ca 10 h. Gn 1/2 s loi tp
trung h Entomobryidae (18/35 loi, chi
m 51,43% tng s loi). Ging
Lepidocyrtus c nhiu loi nht (10/35 loi, chim 28,57% tng s loi). Cc ging
cn li ch c t 1 3 loi
Trong thnh phn loi b ui bt Collembola c nhiu loi thuc nhm sng
trong t (Acherontiella sabina, Mesaphorura krasbaueri, Proisotoma submuscicola,
Megalothorax minimus, Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 , Deuterosminthurus sp. 2 , , m
t
vi loi sng bn di lp thm, trn mt t: mt s loi thuc h Entomobryidae
(Entomobrya lanuginosa, Lepidocyrtus (L.) concolourus, L. (Ascocyrtus) sp. 4 , ). C
t loi s ng trong v bn trn lp thm nh Brachystomella parvula, Homidia
glassa, Cyphoderus javanus, .
Trong s 34 loi b ui bt Collembola nu trn, c 20 loi c mt c l trng
ng i chng v l trng ng chuyn gen, trong c 6 loi l p
g ph bin, bao
gm: Isotomurus punctiferus, Entomobrya lanuginosa, Cyphoderus javanus,
Sminthurides bothrium, Isotomurus prasinus, Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 4 . Ch gp t
trng ng i chng c 6 loi: Xenylla humicola, Ceratophysella denticulata,
Entomobrya muscorum, Homidia subcingula, Willowsia mesothoraxa, Lepidocyrtus
(Asc.) dahlii, Megalothorax minimus. Trong s 6 loi ny, 4 loi Xenylla humicola,
Ceratophysella denticulata, Homidia subcingula, Megalothorax minimus l tng i
ph bin t trng mu, t vn quanh nh. Cn Entomobrya muscorum,
Willowsia mesothoraxa t gp t sn xut nng nghip, hn na s lng ca
chng rt t (Entomobrya muscorum v Willowsia mesothoraxa mi loi ch c 1 c
th), v vy y ch l trng hp ngu nhin bt gp. Vi t trng ng chuyn gen,
cng c 8 loi khng gp t trng ng i chng nh: Acherontiellina sabina,
Friesea sublimis, Proisotoma submuscicola, Lepidocyrtus (L.) simsim, Lepidocyrtus
(L.) sp.5, Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) transiens, Dicranocentrus indicus, Salina sp. 14 y
cng l nhng loi kh ph bin trong cc sinh cnh t nng nghip, trng c, vn
quanh nh (Nguyn Th Thu Anh v cs., 2000; 2008; 2009; 2010; Nguyn Tr Tin v

77

cs., 2009). Chng khng bt gp t trng ng i chng hay t trng ng chuyn

gen ch c th do s lng mu hoc thi gian nghin cu cn t, khng phi do ging
cy trng gy nn.
So snh thnh phn loi b ui bt (Collembola )gia t trng ng i chng
v t trng ng chuyn gen khng thy c s sai khc ngoi phn phn tch nu trn
v cc loi b ui bt (Collembola) phn b n l, ch c 1 trong 2 nn t kho
nghim.
5.1.4.2 Mt s ch s nh lng ca b ui bt Collembola t trng KNHC ng
chuyn gen (thu bng phng php ly mu t)
Phn tch so snh gi tr mt s ch s nh lng ca Collembola c trnh by
Bng 4-13. Kt qu phn tch cho thy: Mt loi b ui bt gia 2 nn t trng
ng i chng v ng chuyn gen khng c s sai khc. iu ny cng ging vi kt
qu nghin cu ca cc tc gi Mohammad A. Al-Deeb (2003). t trng ng chuyn
gen ch hn km 1 loi so vi t trng ng i chng.
- Gi tr ca ch s mt , ch s a dng H v ch s ng u J t trng
ng chuyn gen lc tng, lc gim so vi t trng ng i chng. Vi ging ng
chuyn gen 30Y87H c gi tr mt trung bnh (nghn con/m 2) cao hn cht t so
vi ng i chng cng ging 30Y87, nhng gi tr ch s a dng H v ch s ng
u J li thp hn. Tuy nhin, qua kt qu tnh thng k, s tng gim ca cc ch s
ny gia ng i chng v ng chuyn gen, gia v 1 v v 2 l khng ng k.
- S lng loi Collembola gia 2 nn t trng ng i chng v ng bin i
gen khng c s sai khc. Kt qu ny ging vi kt qu nghin cu ca tc gi
Mohammad A. Al-Deeb (2003).
So snh thng k cc ch s nh lng b ui bt Collembola gia 2 nn t,
trong Bng 4-13 cho thy khng c s sai khc c ngha v phong ph
(F 4,07 =0,11; P>0,05) v a dng loi b ui bt Collembola gia t trng ng
chuyn gen v t trng ng khng chuyn gen (D 0,34 =0,08; p>0,05) Trm thc
nghim Vn Giang, Hng Yn.

78

Bng 5-12: Thnh phn loi b ui bt (Collembola) trong t trng ng KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010 2011)

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Loi
Hypogastruridae
Ceratophysella denticulata (Bagnall, 1941)
Xenylla humicola (Fabricius, 1780)
Onychiuridae
Mesaphorura krausbaueri (Borner, 1901)
Neanuridae
Brachystomella parvula (Schaffer, 1896)
Friesea sublimis (Tullberg, 1871)
Pseudachorutes subcrasus (Tullberg, 1871)
Isotomidae
Isotomurus prasinus (Reuter, 1891)
Isotomurus punctiferus (Yosii, 1963)
Folsomina onychiurina (Denis, 1931)
Proisotoma submuscicola (Nguyen,1995)
Entomobryidae
Dicranocentrus indicus (Bonet, 1930)
Entomobrya lanuginosa (Nicolet, 1841)
Entomobrya muscorum (Nicolet, 1841)
Entomobrya sp. 2
Homidia glassa (Nguyen, 2001)
Homidia socia (Denis, 1929)

30B80
V 1
V 2

30Y87
V 1
V 2

5-dt

2
23

2
1- dt

0
187

dt

1
16

13

23

140

4-dt
4
0

75

0
16-dt
2

52-dt

60

25

0
0

2
2

15-dt
1
0
0

38

0
0

91-dt
59-dt
0
0

22
1
0
8
2
1

0
7
0
1
14
0

0
23
0
1
7
4

0
3
0
0
26
0

47
0
6
22
2
1-dt

0
3
0
0
29
0

79

30Y87H
V 1
V 2

0
0

TT
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

Loi
Homidia subcingula (Denis, 1948)
Lepidocyrtus (L.) sp. 5
Lepidocyrtus (Cyn.) sp. 1
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis (Yosii, 1959)
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) transiens (Yosii, 1982)
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) sp. 7
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) cf. aseanus (Yosii, 1982)
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) concolourus (Nguyen, 2001)
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) dahlii (Schaffer, 1898)
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 4
Willowsia mesothoraxa (Nguyen, 2001)
Cyphoderidae
Cyphoderus javanus (Borner, 1906)
Paronellidae
Salina sp. 14
Megalothorax minimus (Willem, 1900)
Sminthurides aquaticus (Bourlet, 1842)
Sminthurides bothrium (Nguyen, 2001)
Bourletiellidae
Deuterosminthurus pallipes (Bourlet, 1843)
Deuterosminthurus sp. 1

30B80
V 1
V 2
0
0
4
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5-dt
0
0
0
4
1
0

30Y87
V 1
V 2
1-dt
0
0
1
10
1
5
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
12-dt
1
1
0
17
0
0

30Y87H
V 1
V 2
0
0
4
2
0
1
1
0
4
2
0
0
1
0
4-dt
0
0
0
27
0
0

23-dt

68-dt

52-dt

Ch thch: dt - loi thu c bng phng php ng ht

80

0
4
8
106

0
0
0
0

1-dt
4
4
39

0
0
0
0

1-dt
0
7
69

0
0
0
0

5
1-dt

0
0

1
0

0
0

8
5-dt

0
0

Bng 5-13: So snh mt s ch s nh lng ca b ui bt (Collembola) trong t trng ng KNHC

(Vn Giang, 2010 2011)
30B80

30Y87

30Y87H

Ch s

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

S loi

22

17

22

16

23

16

9,132,61

11,472,89

8,242,84

15,255,33

10,962,80

10,192,22

Ch s D H

2,025

1,97

2,297

1,91

2,026

2,00

Ch s J

0,655

0,69

0,743

0,69

0,646

0,72

Mt (nghn con/m2)

Ch thch: D: a dng; : ng u

81

5.1.4.3 nh gi s a dng sinh vt t bng phng php by cc (pitfall trap)

Thnh phn loi v phn b ca b ui bt Collembola trong cc l th nghim
trng ng kho nghim (thu bng phng php pitfall trap)
ghi nhn c 34 loi b ui bt Collembola thuc 16 ging, 9 h phn b
trong khu vc trng ng kho nghim Vn Giang, Hng Yn (Bng 5-14). Trong s
, 27 loi xc nh tn khoa hc, 7 loi cn dng sp. (ch mi xc nh n chi).
S loi tp trung h Entomobryidae (14 loi, chim 41,18% tng s loi). 8 h cn
li ch c t 1 n 4 loi. Ging Lepidocyrtus c s loi nhiu nht (10 loi, chim
71,43% s loi ca h v chim 41,18% tng s loi). 15 ging cn li c t 1-4 loi.
Phn ln cc loi b ui bt Collembola trong danh sch (Bng 5-14) thuc
nhm sng lp thm v di lp thm - trn mt t nh: Xenylla humicola
(Hypogastruridae), Brachystomella parvula; Friesea sublimis (Neanuridae); mt s
loi thuc ging Lepidocyrtus: Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis, L. (Acr.) transiens, L.
(Asc.) concolourus, L. (Asc.) sp. 4 ,
(Entomobryidae); Cyphoderus javanus
(Cyphoderidae); mt s loi thuc ging Salina: Salina celebensis, Salina okinawana,
Salina pictura, Salina sp. 14 ; mt s loi Symphypleonid: Sminthurides bothrium,
Deuterosminthurus pallipes, Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 , Deuterosminthurus sp. 2 ,.
Trong s 34 loi b ui bt Collembola, c ti 25 loi (chim 73,53% tng s
loi) c mt c l th nghim trng ng i chng v ng chuyn gen. Ch c 8 loi
l c mt trong cc l th nghim trng hoc ng chuyn gen hoc ng i chng
(khng chuyn gen), c th: ch c mt l trng ng khng chuyn gen Friesea
sublimis (1 c th ng 30Y87), Cryptopygus thermophilus (3 c th, trong 2 c
th ng 30Y87 v 1 c th ng 30B80), Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) cf. aseanus (5 c th,
trong 2 c th ng 30Y87 v 3 c th ng 30B80), Willowsia mesothoraxa (1
c th ng 30B80)), Salina pictura (3 c th, trong 1 c th ng 30Y87 v 2 c
th ng 30B80); ch c mt l trng ng chuyn gen, gm 3 loi: Lepidocyrtys
(L.) sp. 5 (1 c th ng 30Y87H). Trong 8 loi B ui bt Collembola nu trn,
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) cf. aseanus, Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) dahlii, Salina pictura thng
sng trong lp thm v gp nhng sinh cnh m. Chng gp kh ph bin trong cc
dng sinh cnh khc nhau nhng a phng khc nhau ca Vit Nam ( VQG
Xun Sn, Ph Th; khu BTTN Thng Tin, Kim Bi, Ha Bnh; t canh tc Gia
Lm, H Ni; khu vc pha Bc cc tnh Na R, Sn La,; Cryptopygus thermophilus
l loi sng trong cc tng nng su ca t y cng l loi phn b kh rng
Vit Nam, c mt hu khp cc loi hnh sinh cnh, t sinh cnh rng t nhin, sinh
cnh trng c cy bi, t th, n sinh cnh t trng mu (Nguyn Th Thu Anh
v cs., 2000; 2005; 2008; 2009; 2010; Nguyn Tr Tin v cs., 2008; 2009). Nh vy,

82

8 loi nu trn khng phi l nhng loi him, hay c bit v mt sinh thi m chng
ch l nhng loi ngu nhin thu c vi s lng rt t (t 1 n 3 c th) khu vc
trng kho nghim ng chuyn gen. i u ny cho thy thnh phn loi b ui bt
Collembola cc l th nghim trng cc ging ng i chng (khng chuyn gen) v
chuyn gen khng c s khc bit nhau.

83

Bng 5-14: a dng thnh phn loi v phn b ca b ui bt (Collembola) trong cc l th nghim thu bng
phng php pitfall trap trong KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
TT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Loi
Hypogastruridae
Xenylla humicola (Fabricius, 1780)
Neanuridae
Brachystomella parvula (Schaffer, 1896)
Friesea sublimis MacNamara, 1921
Pseudachorutella asigilata (Borner, 1901)
Isotomidae
Cryptopygus thermophilus (Axelson, 1900)
Isotomurus prasinus (Reuter, 1891)
Isotomurus punctiferus Yosii, 1963
Entomobryidae
Entomobrya lanuginosa (Nicolet, 1841)
Entomobrya sp. 2
Homidia glassa Nguyen, 2001
Lepidocyrtus (L.) lanuginosus (Gmelin, 1788)
Lepidocyrtus (L. ) simsim Yosii, 1982
Lepidocyrtus (L.) sp. 5
Lepidocyrtus (Cyn.) sp. 1
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis Yosii, 1959
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) transiens Yosii, 1982

84

30B80
V 1
V 2

30Y87
V 1
V 2

30Y87H
V 1
V 2

831

174

576

489

1828

172

2344
0
44

126
0
10

2198
1
44

1322
0
23

2881
0
27

558
0
10

1
2554
775

266
629

2
1653
613

0
235
203

0
2379
511

0
221
371

961
10
263
14
12
0
1614
6
98

16
2
64
1
0
0
63
0
0

922
7
254
17
3
0
6561
2
97

40
7
76
0
3
0
80
0
1

1101
3
280
19
2
1
2475
8
96

31
1
76
0
2
0
87
2
2

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34

Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) cf. aseanus Yosii, 1982

Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) concolourus Nguyen, 2001
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) dahlii Schaffer, 1898
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 4
Willowsia mesothorax Nguyen, 2001
Cyphoderidae
Cyphoderus javanus Borner, 1906
Paronellidae
Salina celebensis (Schaffer, 1898)
Salina okinawana Yosii, 1983
Salina pictura Nguyen, 2001
Salina sp. 14
Sminthurididae
Sminthurides aquaticus (Bourlet, 1842)
Sminthurides bothrium Nguyen, 2001
Sphaeridia pumilis (Krausbauer, 1898)
Sphaeridia zaheri Yosii, 1966
Bourletiellidae
Deuterosminthurus pallipes (Bourlet, 1843)
Deuterosminthurus sp. 1
Deuterosminthurus sp. 2
Sminthuridae
Sphyrotheca macrochaeta Nguyen, 1995

3
47

85

393
1

1
1
0
7
0

209

2
51
399
0

0
0
1
4
0

0
56
438
0

0
0
0
11
0

148

203

1
10
2
45

0
0
0
0

1
0
1
78

0
0
0
0

18
8
0
50

0
0
0
0

0
1411
1
1

579
571
0
0

0
1589
0
0

315
371
0
0

0
1440
4
1

451
541
0
0

12
34
24

1
1
0

3
43
16

0
0
0

28
58
0

0
1
0

39

19

So snh gi tr ca mt s ch s nh lng ca B ui bt (Collembola) cc

ging ng trng kho nghim (thu bng phng php pitfall trap)
Phn tch mt s ch s nh lng ca b ui bt (Collembola) nh: s lng
loi, s lng c th; ch s a dng Shannon- Weaver (H); ch s ng u Pielou
(J) (Bng 5-15, Bng 5-16) cho thy:
Kt qu v 1: S lng loi thu c ca cc l kho nghim dao ng t 16
loi n 30 loi ty tng ln thu mu. l trng ng i chng, s loi dao ng
quanh 14 loi ln thu th 4 ( 30Y87H) v th 5 ( 30Y87). cc l trng ng
khng chuyn gen, s loi dao ng t 14 loi ( 30Y87, ln thu mu th 5) n 24
loi ( 30B80, ln thu th hai) (Bng 5-15). S khc bit v s lng loi th hin
ngay mt l trng ng th nghim (vi cc ln thu mu hoc gia cc l trng ng
cng l ng chuyn gen hay cng l ng i chng khng chuyn gen). iu ny c
ngha s khc bit v s lng loi b ui bt (Collembola) gia cc cng thc trng
kho nghim hn ch ng chuyn gen khng ph thuc vo ging ng trng m c th
ph thuc vo cc yu t ngoi sinh khc nh thi tit, c im c tr hoc c im
dinh dng, c im di c ca bn thn ng vt sng khu vc nghin cu.
Kt qu v 2: Tt c cc loi thu c trong kho nghim v 2 l nhng loi
u thu c trong kho nghim v 1. Phn ln cc loi (Collembola) thu c
trong danh sch (Bng 5-15) thuc nhm sng lp thm v di lp thm - trn
mt t nh: Xenylla humicola (Hypogastruridae), Brachystomella parvula;
Pseudachorutella assigilata (Neanuridae); mt s loi thuc ging Lepidocyrtus:
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis, L. (Acr.) transiens, L. (Asc.) concolourus, L. (Asc.)
sp. 4 , (Entomobryidae); Cyphoderus javanus (Cyphoderidae); mt s loi thuc
Symphypleona:
Sminthurides
bothrium,
Deuterosminthurus
pallipes,
Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 ,
Trong s 21 loi Collembola, c ti 15 loi (chim 71,43% tng s loi) c mt
c l kho nghim trng ng i chng v ng bin i gen. Ch c 6 loi l c mt
trong cc l kho nghim trng hoc ng bin i gen hoc ng i chng (khng
bin i gen), c th: ch c mt l trng ng khng bin i gen, gm 5 loi
Lepidocyrtus (L.) cintus, Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) concolourus, Deuterosminthurus
pallipes (30B80), Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) dahlii (30Y87), Cyphoderus javanus (30B80;
30Y87); ch c mt l trng ng bin i gen, gm 1 loi: Lepidocyrtys (Acr.)
heterolepis. Mc d, 6 loi nu trn ch c mt trong cc l th nghim trng hoc ng
bin i gen hoc ng i chng (khng bin i gen) nhng y khng phi l
nhng loi c trng cho l kho nghim trng ng bin i gen hay ng khng bin
i gen. Trong kho nghim v 1, nhng loi ny u c mt c l trng ng bin

86

i gen v ng khng bin i gen. V vy, vic khng thu c trong l trng ng
bin i gen hay l i chng khng bin i gen ch l ngu nhin khng thu c
loi; hn na y l nhng loi c th gp nhiu nhng sinh cnh m, t nng
nghip. Chng gp kh ph bin trong cc dng sinh cnh khc nhau nhng a
phng khc nhau ca Vit Nam ( VQG Xun Sn, Ph Th; khu BTTN Thng
Tin, Kim Bi, Ha Bnh; t canh tc Gia Lm, H Ni; khu vc pha Bc cc tnh
Na R, Sn La,; (Nguyn Th Thu Anh v cs., 2000; 20 08; 2009; 2010; Nguyn Tr
Tin v cs., 2008; 2009).
Nh vy, v thnh phn loi v phn b ca Collembola t trng ng bin i
gen v ng khng bin i gen k hu vc trng KNHC ng bin i gen ca Trm
thc nghim Vn Giang, Hng Yn khng c g khc bit.
Bng 5-15: So snh s lng loi, s c th ca b ui bt (Collembola) trn cc
ging ng kho nghim theo tng t thu mu trong KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
t thu
mu
1
2
3
4
5
Chung
(c 5 ln)

Ng /C
Ch s

30B80
V 1
V 2

30Y87
V 1
V 2

S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th

17
2464
24
1957
20
1766
17
4465
15
1108
30
11760

18
2702
22
2072
15
6793
16
2695
14
1038
27
15300

13
624
12
566
11
675
8
317
11
355
16
2537

87

11
1247
10
359
12
653
12
348
12
565
16
3172

Ng BG
30Y87H
V 1
V 2
18
2904
23
1958
15
3198
14
4227
15
1630
26
13917

15
322
10
657
11
867
12
395
11
274
17
2515

S lng c th ( phong ph):

V 1: Tnh chung sau 5 ln thu mu (by cc) ca cc l trng kho nghim ng

chuyn gen Vn Giang, Hng Yn (Bng 5-15): s lng b ui bt (Collembola)
t gi tr cao nht l trng ng khng chuyn gen (15300 c th, trung bnh 1020
c th/ cc), thp hn l trng ng chuyn gen ( 13917 c th, trung bnh t 893928 c th/ cc) v thp nht cng l trng ng khng chuyn gen (11760 c th,
trung bnh t 784 c th/cc). Kt qu ny ch ng t phong ph ca b ui bt
(Collembola) cc l th nghim trng ng chuyn gen c dao ng kh ln.
V 2: s lng Collembola l trng ng khng bin i gen t gi tr t thp
nht (2515 c th) n gi tr cao nht (3172 c th); s lng c th Collembola l
trng ng bin i gen thu c (2537 c th) thp hn so vi ng khng bin i gen
cng ging v cao hn khng ng k so vi ng khng bin i gen khc ging.
Nhn chung, gi tr v s lng c th Collembola l trng ng bin i gen nm
trong khong gi tr ca ging ng i chng khng bin i gen v xu th tng gim
gi tr s lng c th t cc l trng ng i chng sang l trng ng bin i gen,
cc ln thu mu cng nh chung c 5 ln thu mu, khng lm cho cc l trng ng i
chng khc bit vi l trng ng bin i gen v s lng c th ca Collembola
cc ging ng kho nghim (F 3,88 =0,37; P>0,05). iu ny chng t s bin ng s
lng c th ng bin i gen so vi ng i chng khng bt ngun t nguyn
nhn do ng bin i gen gy ra hay ni cch khc l k hng phi nh hng do
protein Cry1F gy ra. Kt lun ny cng ging vi cc nghin cu ca cc tc gi AlDeeb v cs., 2003; Candolfi v cs., 2004; Ahmad v cs., 2005; Bitzer v cs., 2005,
l protein Cry1F khng nh hng n mc phong ph ca ng vt chn khp b
(Collembola) t.
- Ch s a dng H v ch s ng u J: Kt qu phn tch s thay i gi tr
ch s a dng Shannon-Weaver (H) v ch s ng u J trnh by Bng 5-16 cho
thy: sau 5 ln thu mu, gi tr ca ch s a dng H v ch s ng u (J) gia cc
l trng ng chuyn gen vi l trng ng khng chuyn gen tng ng nhau, khng
thy c s khc bit, c th nh sau:
V 1:
+ Gi tr H: l i chng 1,89 2,22, cn l trng ng chuyn gen 2,17
+ Gi tr J ca ng i chng thp hn cht t so vi J ca ng chuyn gen.
V 2:
+ Gi tr H: l i chng 1,81- 1,88, l trng ng chuyn gen 1,99

88

+ Gi tr J: xu hng tng gim gi tr ca J gia ng i chng khng chuyn

gen v ng chuyn gen tng t nh vi gi tr ca ch s a dng H.
Phn tch chi tit s thay i cc gi tr ca ch s a dng, ch s ng u trong
tng ln thu mu (Bng 5-16) cng cho kt qu tng t. l: cc gi tr H hay J
ca ng chuyn gen 30Y87H cao hn so vi ng i chng 30Y87 v 30B80, nhng
cc gi tr ch s ny vn nm trong khong dao ng ca ng i chng.
Bng 5-16: Gi tr ch s a dng H v ch s ng u (J) ca b ui bt
(Collembola) trn cc ging ng KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010 -2011)
t thu
mu
1
2
3
4
5
Chung
(c 5 ln)

Ng /C
Ch s
H
J
H
J
H
J
H
J
H
J
H
J

30B80
V 1
V 2

30Y87
V 1
V 2

Ng BG
30Y87H
V 1
V 2

2,00
0,71
1,94
0,61
1,87
0,62
1,75
0,62
1,98
0,73
2,22
0,65

2,00
0,69
1,88
0,61
0,77
0,28
1,70
0,61
1,92
0,73
1,89
0,57

1,86
0,64
2,02
0,65
1,67
0,62
1,64
0,62
1,78
0,66
2,17
0,66

1,77
0,65
1,58
0,69
1,61
0,67
1,55
0,62
1,82
0,76
1,88
0,66

1,05
0,44
1,86
0,81
1,67
0,67
1,57
0,75
1,87
0,75
1,81
0,65

1,34
0,52
1,67
0,67
1,86
0,77
1,57
0,75
1,98
0,82
1,99
0,72

5.1.4.4 Kt qu phn tch cc loi b ui bt (Collembola) ph bin v u th

Loi u th l loi c s lng c th ring chim 50 % tn g c th ca l
kho nghim (Maria Sterzynska, 1990). mi sinh cnh c mt tp hp loi u th
c trng v tp hp ny thay i cc sinh cnh khc nhau. S thay i cc loi u
th phn nh s thay i iu kin mi trng sng. Trong iu kin sng ti u,
mang tnh cht t nhin, thng thng cc loi trong qun x c gi tr s lng c th
tng i ng u. Gi tr s lng loi u th khng vt tri hn so vi cc loi
khc. Ngc li, khi iu kin mi trng thay i, tc ng trc tip n tng c th,

89

sinh vt phi t iu chnh thch ng vi iu kin sng mi dn n kt qu mt

vi loi b dit vong, mt vi loi khc pht trin t bin lm thay i tp hp u th
trong qun x. Trn c s thay i y, ngi ta c th phn on qu trnh cng nh
chiu hng ca s thay i iu kin mi trng. Kt qu phn tch cc loi b ui
bt ph bin v u th c ghi trong Bng 5-17 v Bng 5-18. C khu vc trng ng
kho nghim Vn Giang, Hng Yn trong 2 v ghi nhn c 16 loi b ui bt
(Collembola) ph bin v 7 loi b ui bt (Collembola) u th.
V 1: trong s 14 loi b ui bt (Collembola) ph bin c 12 loi ph bin
c 3 cng thc kho nghim vi ph bin t 53,33% n 100% (Bng 5-17). 2 loi
b ui bt cn li ch ph bin 2 cng thc ca ng khng chuyn gen
(Pseudachorutella assigilata v Salina sp. 14 ). Cng trong 14 loi B ui bt
(Collembola) ph bin trn, ng thi c 6 loi l loi u th 3- 4 l th nghim
trng ng kho nghim vi u th t 6,03% ( ging ng 30Y87) n 42,88%
(cng ging ng 30Y87), bao gm: Lepidocyrtus (Cyn.) sp. 1 , Brachystomella
parvula, Sminthurides bothrium, Entomobrya lanuginosa, Isotomurus prasinus,
Xenylla humicola. Nh vy, nhng loi B ui bt (Collembola) ph bin v u th
l trng ng chuyn gen cng l cc loi B ui bt (Collembola) u th v ph
bin cc l trng ng i chng, khng c s sai khc.
V 2: ghi nhn c 12 loi ph bin. Trong s ny c 6 loi Collembola l
u th tt c cc l kho nghim trng ng bin i gen v khng bin i gen
(Bng 5-17), l Brachystomella parvula, Isotomurus prasinus, Isotomurus
punctiferus, Sminthurides aquaticus, Sminthurides bothrium, Xenylla humicola, vv,
Khng c loi no u th ring cho mi l trng th nghim. Nh vy, thnh phn loi
ph bin v u th gia l t trng ng bin i gen v khng bin i gen trong 2
v khng c s khc bit ng k.

90

Bng 5-17: Cc loi b ui bt (Collembola) ph bin (%) trong t trng ng

KNHC (Vn Giang, 2010 2011)
30B80

30Y87

30Y87H

TT Loi

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

100
100
100
0
93.33
93.33
93.33
93.33
86.67
86.67
0
73.33

100
100
100
100
80
80
80
100
100
60
100
0

100
100
100
0
100
100
93.33
93.33
93.33
93.33
0
86.67

100
100
100
100
80
0
100
100
100
0
100
0

100
100
100
0
93.33
86.67
100
100
86.67
93.33
0
93.33

100
100
100
100
80
60
100
100
100
0
100
0

80
86.67

100
80

80
80

100
0

80
93.33

100
60

53.33
0

0
0

53.33
53.33

0
0

0
0

0
0

13
14
15
16

Lepidocyrtus (Cyn.) sp. 1

Brachystomella parvula
Sminthurides aquaticus
Sminthurides bothrium
Entomobrya lanuginosa
Cyphoderus javanus
Xenylla humicola
Homidia glassa
Isotomurus punctiferus
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 4
Lepidocyrtus (Cyn.) sp. 1
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.)
concolourus
Isotomurus prasinus
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.)
transiens
Pseudachorutella asigilata
Salina sp. 14

91

Bng 5-18: Cc loi b ui bt (Collembola) u th (%) trong t ng KNHC

(Vn Giang, 2010 2011)
TT

Loi

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Lepidocyrtus (Cyn.) sp. 1

Brachystomella parvula
Sminthurides aquaticus
Sminthurides bothrium
Entomobrya lanuginosa
Cyphoderus javanus
Xenylla humicola
Homidia glassa
Isotomurus punctiferus
Isotomurus prasinus

30B80
V 1 V 2

30Y87
V 1
V 2

30Y87H
V 1
V 2

13.72
19.93
0
11.99
8.17
0
7.07
0
6.59
21.72

42.88
14.37
0
10.38
6.03
0
0
0
0
10.80

17.78
20.70

5.01
23.02
22.70
0
0
6.92
0
25.01
10.58

41.68
9.93
11.70
0
0
15.42
0
6.40
7.91

10.35
7.91
0
13.14
0
0
17.09

21.99
17.78
21.32
0
0
6.78
0
14.62
8.71

Nh vy, kt qu phn tch sau 2 v trng kho nghim hn ch ng chuyn

gen (30Y87H) ca cng ty Pioneer Trm Thc nghim Vn Giang, Hng Yn, bc
u nh sau: D thu mu bng phng php no ly mu t (soil core) hay by cc
(pitfall trap) cng u cho thy:
- Ng chuyn gen khng nh hng n b ui bt Collembola, c th khng
thy c s sai khc c ngha v thnh phn loi, s lng loi v mc phong ph
ca b ui bt Collembola gia cc ging ng trng kho nghim (ng i chng v
ng chuyn gen).
- Tnh chung cho c cc ln t hu mu nh tnh v nh lng b ui bt
Collembola, s lng c th, gi tr ca cc ch s a dng H v ch s ng u J
ca ng chuyn gen tng ng nhau hay ni cch khc cc ch s ny ng chuyn
gen u nm trong khong dao ng ca cc gi tr ny ng i chng.
- Tp hp b ui bt Collembola u th gia hai l t trng ng chuyn gen
v khng chuyn gen c nhiu im chung v khng c nhiu s sai khc.

92

5.1.5 nh gi s xut hin v gy hi ca cc bnh hi ng chnh trong KNHC

Vo thi im 85 ngy sau gieo tin hnh nh gi mc b nhim cc bnh
chnh ca cc ging ng th nghim. Vo thi im tin hnh nh gi ny, cc ging
ng trong th nghim b cc bnh m l ln (Helminthoprium turcicum), bnh m l
nh (Helminthoprium maydis), bnh g st ( Puccinia maydis), bnh kh vn
(Rhizoctonia solani) v bnh m nu ( Physoderma maydis). T l v ch s bnh
trn cc ging ng kho nghim trong 2 v trng c th nh sau:
5.1.5.1 Bnh m l ln (Helminthoprium turcicum)
Bnh m l ln l mt trong s cc bnh kh ph bin trn cy ng iu kin
sinh thi Vit Nam, song ty tng iu kin sinh cnh c th m t l v ch s bnh
khc nhau. Kt qu theo di t l, ch s bnh m l ln trn cc ging ng kho
nghim hn ch c ghi Bng 5-19.
V 1: C 3 ging ng kho nghim khng b bnh m l ln.
V 2: Bnh m l ln xut hin v gy hi rt nh trn cc ging ng kho
nghim. Bnh c xu hng gy hi mnh hn trn ging ng chuyn gen vi t l hi
ln ti 20% trong k hi ging nn t l hi l 6,67%. Tuy nhin s sai khc ny vn
nm trong gii hn ca phn lp (cng phn lp a), cho nn s sai khc l khng c
ngha.
So snh cc ch s trn v 1 vi v 2, th c s khc bit ln. Tuy nhin, s
khc bit ny do iu kin thi tit gy nn ch khng phi do ging c Protein Bt
gy nn. Cui nm 2010, u nm 2011 c nhiu t rt m ko di, nhit xung
< 150C, m khng kh tng, iu kin ny khng thch hp cho cy ng sinh
trng, pht trin nhng li l iu kin thun li cho nm bnh m l ln pht
trin mnh.
Bng 5-19: Mc nhim bnh m l ln ca cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
T l bnh (%)
Ch s bnh (%)
Tn ging
V 1
V 2
V 1
V 2
30B80
0
3a
0
15a
30Y87
0
6,8a
0
2a
30Y87H
0
20a
0
5,3a

93

5.1.5.2 Bnh m l nh (Helminthoprium maydis)

Bnh m l nh l bnh kh ph bin trn tt c cc khu vc trng ng trong
c Vit Nam. Kt qu theo di bnh m l nh trong kho nghim hn ch c ghi
trong Bng 5-20.
V 1: Bnh pht sinh gy hi kh nng trn tt c cc ging ng kho nghim.
T l cy ng b bnh m l nh quan st c trn cc ging bin ng t 76,7%
ging 30B80, 30Y87 n 88,3% ging 30Y87H. Mc b bnh quan st c
ph bin cp bnh 1 v cp bnh 3. T l cy ng b nhim cp bnh 1 bin ng
trong khong 20,0 - 48,33%; cy ng b nhim cp bnh 3 l ch y u v vi t l
bin ng trong khong 28,33 - 66,67%; cy ng b nhim cp bnh cao nht l cp
bnh 7 vi t l rt thp v ch l 1,67% . Ch s bnh trung bnh ca bnh m l nh
trn cc ging ng th nghim t khng thp, bin ng t 14,81% ging 30B80
n 25, 37% ging 30Y87.
V 2: T l bnh m l nh dao ng t 93,34%-98,3%, ch s bnh dao ng
t 23,33%-40,67% trn c ging nn v ging chuyn gen. Trong 3 ging th nghim
ch c ging 30B80 c ch s bnh l thp nht (23,33%) v sai khc c ngha vi
ging khng chuyn gen 30Y80, nhng khng sai khc so vi ging chuyn gen
30Y87H cn li. Ch s ny gia ging nn (30Y87) v ging chuyn gen (30Y87H)
sai khc nhau l khng nhiu (47,67%v 40,67%) v khng c ngha.
Nh vy, gia cc ging ng chuyn gen v khng chuyn gen khng c s khc
bit v mc b bnh m l nh.
Bng 5-20: Mc nhim bnh m l nh trn ca cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 -2011)
Tn ging
30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
CV (%)
LSD .05

T l bnh (%)
V 1
V 2
76,70 a
93,34a
76,70 a
98,3a
88,30 a
96,6a
17,58
7,95
27,58
15,26

Ch s bnh (%)
V 1
V 2
14,81 a
23,33 a
21,85 ab
47,67b
25,37 b
40,67ab
25,54
31,83
10,86
23,69

Ghi ch: Gi tr trung bnh trong cng mt ct mang ch ci khc nhau th sai
khc c ngha thng k (p < 0.05).

94

5.1.5.3 Bnh g st (Puccinia maydis)

Kt qu theo di bnh g st pht sinh v gy hi trn cc ging ng kho
nghim c ghi trong Bng 5-21.
V 1: t l cy ng b bnh g st t rt cao, t 91,7% ging 30Y87H n
100% ging 30B80. Mc b bnh quan st c tt c cc cp bnh, nhng ch
yu b nhim bnh g st t cp 5 v cp 7. T l cy ng b nhim cp bnh 5 (cp
bnh ph bin hn c) bin ng trong khong 36,67 - 50,0%; s cy ng b nhim
cp bnh cao nht l cp bnh 9 vi t l l 0 - 16,67%. Ch s bnh trung bnh ca
bnh g st trn cc ging ng th nghim t kh cao, bin ng t 49,81% ging
30Y87H n 70,0 % ging 30B80. Nhng s khc bit c ngha thng k ch quan
st thy ging ng chuyn gen (30Y87H) so vi ging ng khng chuyn gen
(30B80). Mc b bnh g st ca cc ging ng chuyn gen (30Y87H) v ging
ng nn tng ng (30Y87) l tng t nhau.
V 2: Bnh g st khng xut hin v gy hi trn tt c cc ging ng kho
nghim.
Nh vy, t l v ch s bnh khng b nh hng bi ging ng chuyn gen hay
khng chuyn gen, s khc bit ny ch do iu kin thi tit gy nn.
Bng 5-21: Mc nhim bnh r st ca cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
Tn ging
30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
CV (%)
LSD .05

T l bnh (%)
V 1
V 2
100 a
0
96,70 ab
0
91,70 b
0
4,20
7,68

Ch s bnh (%)
V 1
V 2
70,00a
0
53,33 ab
0
49,81 b
0
16,36
18,82

Ghi ch: Gi tr trung bnh trong cng mt ct mang ch ci khc nhau th sai
khc c ngha thng k (p < 0.05)

95

5.1.5.4 Bnh kh vn (Rhizoctonia solani)

Bnh kh vn l bnh gy hi nhiu trn cy ng Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, ty
iu kin thi tit c th m mc b bnh khc nhau. Kt qu theo di mc b
bnh kh vn trn cc ging ng kho nghim c ghi trong Bng 5-22.
V 1: T l cy ng b bnh kh vn quan st c trn cc ging kho
nghim t khng cao, bin ng t 36,7% ging 30B80 n 40,0% cc ging
30Y87 v 30Y87H. Mc b bnh quan st c tt c cc cp bnh, nhng ph
bin l cp bnh 1 v cp bnh 3. T l cy ng b nhim cp bnh 1 v cp bnh
3 bin ng trong khong 10,0 - 23,3%; s cy ng b nhim bnh cao nht l cp
bnh 9 vi t l l 1,67 - 6,67%. Ch s bnh trung bnh ca bnh kh vn t mc
thp, bin ng t 8,15% ging 30B80 n 17,78% ging 30Y87. Ch s bnh
trung bnh ca cc ging ng bin i gen v ging ng nn quan st c tng
t nhau.
V 2: Bnh kh vn khng xut hin trn tt c cc ging ng kho nghim.
Qua kt qu theo di cho thy, bnh kh vn gy hi trn ng khng chu nh
hng yu t ging ng chuyn gen hay khng chuyn gen, m ch ph thuc bi
iu kin thi tit, kh hu.
Bng 5-22: Mc b bnh kh vn ca cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010-2011)
Tn ging
30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
CV (%)
LSD .05

T l bnh (%)
V 1
V 2
36,70b
0
40,00 b
0
40,00 b
0
15,82
13,03

Ch s bnh (%)
V 1
V 2
8,15a
0
17,78 a
0
13,33 a
0
44,92
12,40

Ghi ch: Gi tr trung bnh trong cng mt ct mang ch ci khc nhau th sai
khc c ngha thng k (p < 0.05)

96

5.1.5.5 Bnh m nu (Physoderma maydis)

Bnh m nu l mt trong 5 loi bnh hi cy ng ph bin Vit Nam. Kt
qu theo di c ghi trong Bng 5-23.
V 1: T l cy ng b bnh m nu quan st c trn cc ging th nghim
u t rt cao, mc 100%. Mc b bnh quan st c ch yu cp bnh cao
nht l cp bnh 9 vi t l t 78,33% ging 30Y87 n 86,67% ging 30B80 v
ging 30Y87H. Ch s bnh trung bnh quan st c t mc rt cao, t 95,19%
ging 30Y87 n 97,04% ging 30B80 v ging 30Y87H. Mc nhim bnh
m nu ca ging ng bin i gen v ging ng nn khng khc bit mc c
ngha thng k
V 2: t l v ch s bnh trn cc ging ng chuyn gen hay khng chuyn gen
tng ng nhau v dao ng trong khong 41,67% ( 30B80) - 58,67% (30Y87).
Nh vy, qua 2 v kho nghim hn ch ng chuyn gen lin tip ti Trm thc
nghim vn Giang, Hng Yn cho thy ng chuyn gen hay khng chuyn gen khng
nh hng n t l v ch s bnh. Thi v khc nhau nh hng n t l v ch s
cc bnh hi ng chnh. Kt qu ny trng vi kt qu ca mt s tc gi kho nghim
v cy trng bin i gen mt s nc trn th gii (Zwahlen C., Nentwig W.,
Bigler F., Hilbeck A., 2000).
Bng 5-23: Mc nhim bnh m nu ca cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 2011)
Tn ging

T l bnh (%)
V 1
V 2

30B80
30Y87
30Y87H
CV (%)
LSD .05

100 a
100 a
100 a
0,0
0,0

81,67a
100a
88,33a
21,68
38,98

Ch s bnh (%)
V 1
V 2
97,04 a
95,19 a
97,04 a
4,25
7,71

41,67a
58,67a
44,33a
35,01
33,73

Ghi ch: Gi tr trung bnh trong cng mt ct mang ch ci khc nhau th sai
khc c ngha thng k (p < 0.05)

97

5.1.6 Kt qu nh gi mc gy hi ca su hi ng khng ch ch
nh gi mc gy hi ca su hi ng NTOs trn cc ging ng kho
nghim. Chn 2 loi chch ht (rp mui ng Rhopalosiphum maidis, nhn son
Tetranychus cinnabarinus ) v 1 loi ming nhai (su cn l ng Mythimna separata
Walk).
5.1.6.1 Rp mui ng (Rhopalosiphum maidis)
Rp mui ng (Rhopalosiphum maidis) ghi nhn c trong hu ht cc k
iu tra trn tt c cc ging ng kho nghim.
V 1: cp nhim trung bnh rp mui hi ng c xu hng gia tng theo thi
gian sinh trng pht trin ca cy ng. k iu tra u tin (giai on V8) t rt
thp v bin ng trong khong 0,07 - 0,35. Ch tiu ny trong k iu tra cui cng
(giai on R 3 ) t kh cao t 1,08 n 1,6.
V 2: cp nhim trung bnh dao ng t 0,03 0,47 v khng theo quy lut.
Tuy nhin, cp nhim trung bnh rp hi ng c thay i theo tng k iu tra,
nhng cc ging ng khc nhau (chuyn gen hay khng chuyn gen) khng nh
hng n cp nhim rp mui. V trng khc nhau c nh hng n cp nhim
ny, v 2 cp nhim nh hn v 1.
Bng 5-24: Cp nhim trung bnh ca rp mui ng trn cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 -2011)
30B80

30Y87

30Y87H

t iu
tra

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

1
2
3
4
5

0,07 0,07
0,50 0,31
0,18 0,07
0,43 0,19
1,60 0,45

0,03 0,03
0,23 0,09
0,07 0,04
0,07 0,04
0,08 0,08

0,08 0,04
0
0,28 0,18
0,42 0,30
1,08 0,48

0,32 0,02
0,47 0,23
0,08 0,06
0,17 0,03
0,53 0,19

0,35 0,03
0,10 0,03
0,20 0,05
0,25 0,18
1,08 0,11

0,25 0,08
0,37 0,08
0,03 0,02
0,13 0,08
0,43 0,09

5.1.6.2 Nhn son (Tetranychus cinnabarinus)

Nhn son (Tetranychus cinnabarinus) trn ng th nghim bt u ghi nhn
c bng mt thng t k iu tra giai on R 1 . Cp nhim trung bnh ca nhn

98

trn cc ging ng kho nghim t khng cao, bin ng t 0,28 trn ging ng
30Y87 n 2,9 trn ging ng 30B80. Cp nhim trung bnh ca nhn trn cc
ging ng kho nghim cao nht quan st c t t 1,70 trn ging ng 30Y87H
n 2,9 trn ging ng 30B80. Mc nhim nhn son ca ging ng chuyn gen
v ging ng nn tng ng l tng t nhau (v 1, Bng 5-25). V 2 trn tt c 3
ging kho nghim, nhn son khng xut hin. Nh vy, ging ng chuyn gen
hay khng chuyn gen khng nh hng ti mc gy hi ca nhn son.
Bng 5-25: Cp nhim trung bnh ca nhn trn cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang 2010 2011)
t iu tra
3 (R1)
4 (R2)
5 (R3)

30B80
V 1
V 2
0,62 0,09
2,9 0,38
0,42 0,004

0
0
0

30Y87
V 1
V 2
0,58 0,04
1,72 0,39
0,28 0,001

0
0
0

30Y87H
V 1
V 2
0,58 0,0
1,70 0,31
0,32 0,003

0
0
0

5.1.6.3 Su cn l ng (Mythimna separata)

Su cn l ng l loi su hi ng ph bin, nhng pht sinh cc b v thng
c mt kh cao trong v ng ng v v ng xun vng ng bng sng Hng.
Kt qu iu tra su cn l ng trong kho nghim hn ch ng chuyn gen c ghi
trong Bng 5-26.
V 1: trong c 5 k iu tra, ti nhng im iu tra bt gp su cn l ng
thng ch bt gp su non tui nh trn cng thc i chng, khng bt gp su cn
l ng trn ging ng chuyn gen. Do , loi su hi ny h u nh khng gy hi cho
cc ging ng kho nghim. Cp hi trung bnh do su cn l ng gy ra ghi nhn
c trong ln iu tra cui vo ngy 22/10/2010 (giai on R6) t rt thp v ch l
0,02.
V 2: mt ca loi su hi ny t thp, nn cp hi do n gy ra cng rt
thp trong c 5 k iu tra. Cp hi trung bnh do su cn l ng gy ra ghi nhn c
trong ln iu tra cui vo ngy 20/3/2011 (giai on R6) t cao nht cng ch l
1,03 ging ng bin i gen 30Y87H v l 1,68 ging ng nn 30B80.
Kt qu theo di 3 loi su hi ng khng ch ch (rp mui ng
Rhopalosiphum maidis, nhn son Tetranychus cinnabarinus v su cn l ng
Mythimna separata Walk) trn cc ging ng kho nghim (2 ging khng chuyn

99

gen 30B80; 30Y87 v 1 ging chuyn gen 30Y87H) trong 2 thi v lin tip cho thy:
cc ging ng kho nghim khng nh hng n cp hi trung bnh ca 3 loi su
hi khng ch ch chnh. Ch c thi v nh hng ti s xut hin v gy hi ca 3
loi su hi .
Bng 5-26: Cp nhim trung bnh ca su cn l ng trn cc ging ng KNHC
(Vn Giang, 2010 - 2011)
t iu
tra

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

V 1

V 2

1
2
3
4
5

0,02 0,02
0
0
0
0

1,05 0,69
0,02 0,02
0
0,73 0,17
1,68 0,33

0
0
0
0
0

0
0,05 0,03
0
0,32 0,27
1,08 0,17

0
0
0
0
0

0
0,02 0,02
0
0,50 0,15
1,03 0,22

30B80

30Y87

30Y87H

5.1.7 Kt lun s b kt qu KNHC (2 v ln tip)

Kho nghim hn ch c thc hin trong 2 v lin tip ti trm Thc nghim
Vn Giang (2010-2011) do vin Di truyn Nng nghip thc hin nhm nh gi ri
ro ca vic trng ng chuyn gen TC1507. Kt lun s b c tm tt nh sau:
1. Kt qu kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F chng t vic b tr th
nghim rung kho nghim hn ch ng chuyn gen hon ton chnh xc v ht ging
th nghim l ng nht.
2. nh gi ch s a dng qun th NTO cho thy: ch s a dng Shannon H'
cc ging ng kho nghim u t gi tr kh cao. Khng c s khc bit v ch s
a dng Shannon H' gia cc ging ng kho nghim. Mcc phong ph trn cc
ging ng th nghim l tng ng v khng ph thuc vo yu t mang gen cry1F.
Cc gi tr ch s u th Simpson's D u rt thp v khng khc bit.
3. C 2 phng php iu tra trc tip v s dng by dnh vng trong khu kho
nghim thu thp c 56 loi chn khp thuc 36 h thuc 11 b ca lp cn trng
v lp hnh nhn, trong c 15 loi l su hi ng. S lng loi ghi nhn trn
ng chuyn gen v khng chuyn gen khng c s khc bit.

100

4. iu tra trc tip trn rung ng kho nghim pht hin c 19 loi thin
ch ca su hi ni chung v su hi ng ni rin g. Mt ca cc loi thin ch
ny trn ging ng chuyn gen v ging ng khng chuyn gen l tng t nhau.
5. Vic canh tc ng chuyn gen tng hp protein Cryp1F khng nh hng n
qun b ui bt Collembola. C th khng c s sai khc v thnh phn loi, s
lng loi v mc phong ph ca Collembola gia cc ging ng trng kho
nghim (ng i chng v ng bin i gen).
6. Bnh hi ch yu trn ng l cc bnh: m l nh, G st, bnh m nu v
Kh vn. T l bnh v ch s bnh trn cc ging ng chuyn gen v khng chuyn
gen tng t nhau.
7. Trong iu kin kho nghim, thnh phn su hi ng ngho nn v mt rt
thp. Khng c loi su hi no gy tc hi ng k n sinh trng, pht trin ca
cc ging ng th nghim. Tuy nhin, ging ng chuyn gen (30Y87H) th hin tnh
khng su c thn ng r rng hn so vi cc ging ng khng chuyn gen.

5.2 Kt qu KNDR ng BG event TC1507

5.2.1 Kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F v protein CP4 EPSPS
Kt qu Hnh 5-6 ti 4 a im kho nghim l Vnh Phc, Ngh An, k Lk
v ng Nai nhn thy: (1) Ging chuyn gen 30Y87H cho kt qu dng tnh vi
protein Cry1F v m tnh vi protein CP4 EPSPS, biu hin vic xut hin 2 vch
trn que th nhan h gen Cry1F, nhng ch xut hin 1 vch trn que th nhanh gen
chng chu thuc dit c glyphosate. (2) Ging chuyn gen 30Y87HR cho kt qu
dng tnh vi c hai loi protein Cry1F v protein CP4 EPSPS, biu hin vic xut
hin 2 vch trn c hai loi que th. (3) Ging ng nn khng chuyn gen 30Y87 v
kt qu trn que th i chng (ch th vi dung dch m QuickStix EB2) u cho
kt qu m tnh vi c hai loi protein Cry1F v protein CP4 EPSPS, biu hin vic
xut hin 1 vch trn c hai loi que th nhanh. Kt qu thu c hon ton tng t
nhau vi tt c cc mu th v c 4 a im kho nghim. Nh vy, vic b tr cc
cng thc kho nghim l chnh xc v cc ging tham gia kho nghim cng chnh l
nhng ging c cp php kho nghim trn din rng.

101

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

Hnh 5-6: Kim tra s hin din ca protein Cry1F trn cc ging ng trong
KNDR. (A) Vnh Phc, (B) Ngh An, (C) k Lk, (D) ng Nai
Ghi ch:

87: ging nn khng chuyn gene 30Y87

H: ging chuyn gene 30Y87H mang event TC1507 cho tnh trng khng
su cnh vy (Lepidoptera)
HR: ging chuyn gene 30Y87HR, ging i chng tham kho mang
stack TC1507xNK603 cho tnh
ng trkhng su
cnh y
v
(Lepidoptera) v chu thuc tr c glyphosate
Que th mu xanh tm: kim tra s c mt ca protein Cry1F

102

Que th mu : kim tra s c mt ca protein CP4EPSPS (chu thuc

tr c glyphosate)
Buffer: mu i chng vi dung dch m
5.2.2 Kt qu nh gi tnh n nh v tnh thch ng ca ng event TC1507 ti
cc vng sinh thi Vit Nam.
5.2.2.1 Kt qu nh gi tnh n nh ca ng event TC1507
chng minh c hay khng ng chuyn gen event TC1507 nguy c tr thnh
c di, dch hi thng qua vic nh gi cc c tnh hnh thi, sinh trng, pht trin
v mc mn cm vi cc loi bnh hi ch yu ca ng chuyn gene event TC1507
so vi i chng khng chuyn gene. Kt qu c th hin trong Bng 5-27 n
Bng 5-30.
S liu Bng 5-27 cho thy: t l mc trung bnh ca ca cc ging kho
nghim ti 4 im kho nghim l 91.85%. Vic so snh t l mc ca 3 ging trong
cng mt a im kho nghim cho thy: (1) Ti Vnh Phc, t l mc ca ging i
chng tham kho 30Y87 HR (85.83%) cao hn so vi 30Y87H (80.53%) nhng
tng ng ging nn 30Y87 (81.18) mc tin cy 95%. (2) Ti Ngh An v k
Lk, t l mc ca c 3 ging nh nhau mc sc xut 95% (Ngh An: 92.33 - 95.65
%; k Lk: 96.90 - 97.50%). (3) Ti ng Nai, t l mc ca 2 ging chuyn gen
u cao hn so vi ging nn ( ln lt l 97.70; 96.50 so vi 91.00%). So snh t l
mc ca 3 ging 4 a im cho thy: Ti Vnh Phc t l mc ca 3 ging l thp
nht, ln lt 80.53; 85.83 v 81.18%. T l mc cao nht ghi nhn c ti k Lk,
ln lt 97.50; 97.20 v 97.70%. So snh t l mc ca tng ging ti 4 a im
kho nghim cho kt qu: ging 30Y87H mang gen cry1F c t l mc thp nht ti
Vnh Phc (80.53%) v cao nht ti ng Nai (97.70%); ging 30Y87HR (khng cn
trng cnh vy v khng thuc tr c glyphosate) c t l mc th p nht ti Vnh
Phc (85.83% ) v cao nht ti k Lk (97.50%). nh gi sc sng cy con cng
cho kt qu tng t. Sc sng cy con c c im kho nghim tng tt v ng
u. Duy nht ti Vnh Phc do nh hng ca thi tit dn n sc sng cy con
ging 30Y87 l thp nht. Nh vy, so snh t l mc, sc sng cy con ca 3 ging
cng a im v c 4 a im cho thy khng c s khc bit ng k (mc tin cy
95%).

103

Theo di thi gian phun ru, thi gian tung phn, chiu cao cy v chiu cao
ng bp ca 3 ging kho nghim kt qu c th hin trong Bng 5-28. Thi gian
phun ru trung bnh ca 3 ging kho nghim ti 4 a im l 52.54 ngy. Thi gian
phun ru di nht ghi nhn c ti Vnh Phc, ln lt 53.50; 54.25 v 55.10 ngy
i vi cc ging G1, G2 v G3. Ch tiu ny ti Ngh An, k Lk v ng Nai cho
kt qu tng t nhau (t 51.53 n 52.30 ngy). So snh thi gian phun ru ca 3
ging cng a im kho nghim cng cho kt qu tng t nhau. Thi gian tung
phn trung bnh ca c 3 ging kho nghim ti 4 a im trung bnh l 52.15 ngy.
Cc ging khc nhau trng trong cng mt a im v tnh chung c 4 a im
kho nghim u khng c s khc bit ang k v thi gian tung phn (mc tin cy
95%).
So snh chiu cao cy gia cc ging kho nghim cng cho kt qu tng t.
Trong cng mi im v trong c 4 a im kho nghim, chiu cao cy sp x nhau
(mc sc xut 95%). Cao cy trung bnh t 216.64 cm . Ti Vnh Phc, chiu cao cy
ca 3 ging G1, G2 v G3 ln lt l 224.40; 217.50 v 219.80 (cm). Ti Ngh an,
gi tr ny ln lt 220.50; 221,98 v 219.15 (cm). Ti k Lk l 238.50; 233.80
240.10 (cm). Ti ng Nai l197.30; 189.90 v 197.90 (cm). Chiu cao ng bp
trung bnh ca 3 ging ti 4 im l 113.94 cm. So snh chiu cao ng bp ca 3
ging ti cng 1 a im hay tnh chung cho c 4 a im kho nghim u cho kt
qu khng chnh lch ng k.
Nh vy, thi gian phun ru, thi gian tung phn, chiu cao cy v chiu cao
ng bp ca 3 ging ng kho nghim ti tng a im hay ti c 4 a im kho
nghim l tng ng nhau (p < 0.05).
Theo di trng thi cy, t l gy v t l bt gc ca 3 ging ng kho
nghim. Kt qu c ghi nhn trong Bng 5-29. Trng thi cy trung bnh ca 3
ging 4 im t 8.1 im. So snh trng thi cy hay sc sng cy ca 3 ging
mi a im kho nghim cho gi tr tng t nhau (p < 0.05). Ti cc a im kho
nghim khc nhau, trng thi cy ca cc ging l khc nhau. L gii kt qu ny, do
cc a im khc nhau chu nh hng ca iu kin thi tit khc nhau, chnh lch
nhit ngy m khc nhau. Ti k Lk v Vnh Phc khi thu hoch cy c b l
cn xanh (c 3 ging kho nghim c gi tr ny l 9 im). Ti 2 a im cn li,
Ngh An v ng Nai, tr s ny t t 7 n 8 im.
T l gy ghi nhn ti 3 im kho nghim (Ngh an, k Lk v ng
Nai) l rt thp, ch t 0.28 0.72 (%). Cc ging khc nhau, t l gy khng
khc bit ng k. Tuy nhin, ti Vnh Phc do nh hng ca lc xoy (ghi nhn
ngy 17/7/2011) dn n t l gy tng i cao vi c 3 ging kho nghim. C

104

th, ging G1 l 22.80%; ging G2 l 41.50% v thp nht l ging G3 vi 9.40% cy

b gy . T l bt gc ca cc ging kho nghim l khng ng k v khng sai
khc khi so snh cng mt a im hay gia 4 a im kho nghim.
Nh vy, nh gi v trng thi cy, t l gy v t l bt gc ca cc ging
cho kt qu hon ton tng ng (nu khng chu nh hng ca iu kin thi tit
bt thng, v d ti Vnh Phc).
Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut ca 3 g ing ng kho nghim
c th hin trong Bng 5-30. S cy thu hoch trung bnh ca 3 ging tnh chung
ti 4 im kho nghim l 2620.3 cy. Trong , s liu ln lt ca cc ging G1,
G2, G3 ti Vnh Phc ln lt l 1839.5; 1962.5 v 1843.8 cy. Ti Ngh An l 2273;
2094 v 2023 cy. Ti k Lk l 3336; 3042 v 3494. Ti ng Nai l 3265; 3233
v3060. S cy thu hoch gia 3 ging ti cng mt a im l tng t nhau, nhng
s cy thu hoch ca tng ging gia cc im kho nghim khc nhau c s chnh
lch ng k. Vnh Phc c s cy thu hoch thp nht, tip sau l Ngh An. L do bi
trong thi gian kho nghim, ti 2 im ny b nh hng ca cn bo s 2 (ngy
28/6/2011) v lc xoy (ngy 17/7/2011). k Lk v ng Nai cho s cy thu hoch
cao hn v tng ng nhau mc tin cy 95%.
So snh t l ht/bp ca cc ging cng mt im v gia 4 im kho
nghim cho thy:T l ht/bp trung bnh ca 3 ging tnh chung c 4 im l 77.28.
Ti Vnh Phc v Ngh An, 2 gi ng chuyn gen (G1 v G2) c t l ht/bp cao hn
so vi i chng. Tuy nhin, ti k Lk v ng Nai, t l ny ca 2 ging chuyn
gen l khng cao hn so vi ging nn.
Nng sut thc thu trung bnh ca 3 ging l 7.40 tn /hecta. Trong nng
sut cao nht thu c k Lk G1 (9.91 tn /hecta); G2 (10.50 tn /hecta) v G3
(10.33 t n/hecta). Ti Vnh Phc nng sut ca cc ging G1 , G2, G3 l n lt l
6.14; 6.01 v 5.26 n
t /hecta. Tng t ti Ngh An l 6.73; 5.58 v5.20 tn /hecta.
Nh vy s liu ghi nhn ti 2 im kho nghim pha Bc thp hn so vi 2 im
pha Nam. Li do bi nh hng nhiu ca iu kin thi tit khng thun.
Nh vy, kt qu nh gi v cc c tnh nng sinh hc ca 3 ging tham gia
kho nghim cho thy chng c c im tng ng nhau. Tuy nhin, t i n hng
im c p lc su t nhin ln nng sut thc thu ca cc ging chuyn gen cao hn
hn so vi ging i chng khng chuyn gen.

105

Bng 5-27: T l mc v sc sng cy con ca cc ging ng KNDR

im KN

Vnh Phc (D1)

Ging KN

Ngh An (D2)

k Lk (D3)

ng Nai (D4)
Trung bnh
CV (%)
LSD.05 (D)
LSD.05 (G)
LSD.05 (DxG)

G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

T l mc
(%)
80.53
85.83
81.18
95.65
92.33
92.43
96.90
97.50
97.20
97.70
96.50
91.00
91.85
7.30
5.60
4.80
9.60

Sc sng cy
con (im 1-9)
7.75
7.75
4.00
8.33
8.48
8.30
9.00
9.00
9.00
7.90
7.90
7.60
7.92
9.30
2.09
0.53
1.06

Ghi ch: G1: ging ng 30Y87H (mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy)
G2: ging ng 39Y87HR (Stack mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy v
khng thuc tr c glyphosate)
G3: ging ng 30Y87 - ging ng nn, i chng
*/
Ti Vnh Phc sau khi gieo b ma ln dn n t l mc ca c 3 ging kho
nghim khng cao.

106

Bng 5-28: Mt s c im hnh thi ca cc ging ng KNDR

im KN

Vnh Phc (D1)

Ngh An (D2)

k Lk (D3)

ng Nai (D4)
Trung bnh
CV %
LSD.05 (D)
LSD.05 (G)
LSD.05 (DxG)

Ging KN

G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

T.G phun ru
(ngy sau trng)

T.G tung phn

(ngy sau trng)

Cao cy
(cm)

Chiu cao
ng bp (cm)

53.50
54.25
55.10
51.53
51.48
51.40
52.30
52.20
52.30
51.90
51.80
51.90
52.54
2.00
1.28
0.75
1.51

52.00
52.00
52.75
51.95
51.98
51.73
52.70
52.60
52.50
51.98
51.98
52.10
52.15
1.20
1.44
0.44
0.88

224.40
217.50
219.80
220.50
221.98
219.15
238.50
233.80
240.10
197.30
189.90
197.90
216.64
3.50
14.93
5.44
10.88

120.30
112.70
109.10
121,90
121.58
121.70
121.10
119.00
121.20
104.90
101.90
102.30
113.94
7.00
13.27
6.50
12.99

Ghi ch: G1: ging ng 30Y87H (mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy)
G2: ging ng 39Y87HR (Stack mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy v
khng thuc tr c glyphosate)
G3: ging ng 30Y87 - ging ng nn, i chng

107

Bng 5-29: Trng thi cy v t l gy ca cc ging ng KNDR

im KN

Vnh Phc (D1)

Ngh An (D2)

k Lk (D3)

ng Nai (D4)
Trung bnh
CV%
LSD.05 (D)
LSD.05 (G)
LSD.05 (DxG)

Ging KN
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

Trng thi
cy (im 1-9)
9.00
9.00
9.00
7.50
8.00
7.00
9.00
9.00
9.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
8.10
5.40
1.60
0.51
0.62

T l gy
(%)
22.8
41.5
9.40
0.48
0.54
0.72
0.27
0.25
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.28
6.40

T l bt
gc (%)
0.09
0.12
0.09
0
0
0
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.05

Ghi ch: nh gi trng thi cy theo thang im 1-9 (1:khng c m mu xanh; 5:

50% m l cn xanh; 9: rt xanh, khong 90% m l cn xanh)
G1: ging ng 30Y87H (mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy)
G2: ging ng 39Y87HR (Stack mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy v
khng thuc tr c glyphosate)
G3: ging ng 30Y87 - ging ng nn, i chng.

108

Bng 5-30: Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut cc ging ng KNDR

im KN

Vnh Phc (D1)

Ging KN

Ngh An (D2)**

k Lk (D3)

ng Nai (D4)
Trung bnh
CV%
LSD.05 (D)
LSD.05 (G)
LSD.05 (DxG)

G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

S cy thu
hoch (cy)
1839.50
1962.50
1843.80
2273.00
2093.75
2023.00
3336.00
3043.00
3493.50
3265.00
3233.80
3060.00
2620.30
11.20
241.22
496.74
421.38

T l
ht/bp (%)
76.25
78.00
74.75
80.53
78.73
74.28
74.58
76.15
75.12
77.28
77.35
77.28
76.69
3.30
4.10
1.80
3.61

Nng sut thc

thu (tn/hecta)
6.14
6.01
5.26
6.73
5.85
5.20
9.91
10.50
10.33
7.70
7.80
7.40
7.40
6.30
0.39
0.34
0.67

Ghi ch: G1: ging ng 30Y87H (mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy)
G2: ging ng 39Y87HR (Stack mang gen khng cn trng cnh vy v
khng thuc tr c glyphosate)
G3: ging ng 30Y87 - ging ng nn, i chng
*/
im kho nghim b nh hng bi cn lc xoy ngy 17/7/2011.
**/
im kho nghim b nh hng bi cn bo s 2 ngy 28/6/2011.

5.2.2.2 Kt qu nh gi tnh thch ng ca ng TC1507 so vi i chng ti cc

vng sinh thi Vit Nam.
Kt qu nh gi tnh thch ng (tnh mn cm/tnh khng) ca ng TC1507 v
cc ging i ch ng i vi mt s loi su bnh hi ch yu ti 4 a im kho
nghim c th hin trong cc Bng 5-31 n Bng 5-34.

109

5.2.2.2.1 Bnh m l ln (Helminthosporium turcicum)

m l ln l mt trong s cc bnh kh ph bin trn cy ng trong iu kin
sinh thi Vit Nam, song ty tng iu kin sinh cnh c th m mc gy hi ca
bnh khc nhau. S liu Bng 5-31 th hin mc b bnh m l ln trn cc
ging ng ti 4 im kho nghim. So snh mc b hi bi bnh m l ln
tng im kho nghim cho thy:
im Vnh Phc, bnh hi mc nh, cp hi trung bnh t 1,68 n 2,24
im hay vt bnh ch chim 1 10 % din tch l. M c b nhim bnh trn c 3
ging kho nghim l tng ng nhau (mc sc xut 95%).
im Ngh An, mc b hi bi bnh m l ln trn cc ging ng kho
nghim cng cho kt qu tng t nhau. Cp bnh hi ghi nhn c u mc
trn 2 im v di 3 im.
im k Lk, cp hi ghi nhn c l t 3.00 3.25 c ngha khong t 11
25% din tch l ng b hi. Cc ging ng kho nghim khc nhau, nhng cp hi
nh nhau mc sc xut 95%.
im ng Nai, cp hi ghi nhn c l cao nht trong c 4 im kho
nghim, t 4.25 4.75 im hay khong di 26% din tch l ng b hi. Tuy nhin
khng c s khc bit ng k gia cc ging ng kho nghim v cp nhim
bnh.
Nh vy, so snh gi tr trung bnh cp hi ca cc ging ng ti 4 a im
kho nghim cho thy: ng kho nghim ti Vnh Phc b bnh nh nht, tip n l
Ngh An, k Lk v nng nht l 3 ging ng kho nghim ti ng Nai. Tuy nhin
mc nhim bnh m l ln ca c 3 ging ng nhng a im kho nghim
u ch di cp 5, tc l vt bnh ch chim di 26% din tch l. Ni cch khc,
ti cng a im kho nghim gia cc ging kho nghim khc nhau, ging chuyn
gen v ging khng chuyn gen, khng c s khc bit ng k v mc nhim
bnh m l ln. Tuy nhin, ti cc a im trng ng khc nhau th mc bnh
hi l khc nhau.

110

Bng 5-31: Mc nhim bnh m l ln ca cc ging ng ti 4 im KN

(v H Thu, 2011)
im kho
nghim
Vnh Phc

Ngh An

k Lk

ng Nai

Ging kho
nghim
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

Cp bnh hi
(1-9)*
1.68
1.84
2.24
2.68
2.75
2.39
3,25
3,00
3,25
4.25
4.54
4.75

CV (%)

LSD.05

25.74

0.72

16.64

0.87

15.34

0.69

10.76

0.85

Ghi ch:* cp 0: khng c vt bnh; cp 1: vt bnh chim 1 10% din tch b phn
b hi; cp 3: vt bnh chim 11 25% din tch b phn b hi ; cp 5: vt bnh
chim 26 50% din tch b phn b hi; cp 7: vt bnh chim 51 75% din tch
b phn b hi; cp 9: vt bnh chim trn 75% din tch b phn b hi.
5.2.2.2.2 Bnh kh vn (Rhizoctonia solani)
Kh vn cng l mt trong nhng loi bnh hi ng k trn ng trng Vit
Nam. Tuy nhin, ty iu kin thi tit c th m mc l bnh khc nhau. Kt qu
theo di bnh Kh vn trn 3 ging kho nghim (30Y87H; 30Y87HR v 30Y87)
c th hin ti Bng 5-32. So snh mc hi do bnh kh vn trn 3 ging ng
kho nghim ti mi im v c 4 im kho nghim cho thy trong v H - Thu nm
2011 ti 4 vng trng ng chnh (Vnh Phc, Ngh An, k Lc v ng Nai) mc
hi bi bnh kh vn trn cc ging ng kho nghim u rt nh, t 0 n 0.19
hay hu nh khng pht hin thy vt bnh Kh vn trn l, thn c 3 ging ng
kho nghim.

111

Bng 5-32: Mc nhim bnh Kh vn trn cc ging ng ti 4 im KN

(v H Thu, 2011)
im kho
nghim
Vnh Phc

Ngh An

k Lk

ng Nai

Ging kho
nghim
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

Cp bnh hi
(1-9)*
0.13
0.07
0.00
0.16
0.19
0.12
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.14
0.12
0.17

CV (%)

LSD.05

23.07

0.25

3.10

0.34

4.21

0.27

2.16

0.31

5.2.2.2.3 Mc mn/khng vi mt s loi su hi chnh

+ Su khoang (Spodoptera)*
+ Su c thn chu (Ostrinia furnacalis)*
+ Su xm (Agrotis ipsilon)*
+ Su c thn mnh hng ( Sesamia inferens)*
Trong iu kin p lc su t nhin, su khoang, su c thn chu ,
su xm v su c thn mnh hng l nhng loi s u hi ph bin trn cy ng trng
ti cc vng trng ng chnh ca Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, trong v H Thu nm 2011
p lc su t nhin ti 2 im (Vnh Phc, Ngh An) trong s 4 im kho nghim l
tng i ln, c bit i vi su c thn v su xm. Ti 2 im cn li (k Lk,
ng Nai) hu nh khng ghi nhn c p lc su t nhin. Kt qu ghi nhn mc
hi ca mt s loi su hi t nhin c th hin trong Bng 5-33 v Bng 5-34.
Su khoang: ti Vnh Phc v Ngh An c 3 ging ng kho nghim u b su
khoang gy hi nh, tuy nhin mc b hi do su khoang gia cc ging khng
khc bit ng k. Ti 2 im kho nghim cn l i l k Lk v ng Nai u
khng c s gy hi ca loi su ny trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim.

112

Su c th n chu : Gi
ng ng 30Y87 (G3) l ging khng chuyn gen
khng su. Ti Vnh Phc ging ny b hi ng k bi su c thn chu , im hi
trung bnh ghi nhn c l 6.67, tc l vt thng ko di xut hin trn s l.
Ging 30Y87H (G1) v 30Y87HR (G2) l cc ging ng chuyn gen khng cn trng
cnh vy. Ti Vnh Phc cc ging ny hu nh khng b su c thn ph hi. Ti 3
im kho nghim cn li l Ngh An, k Lk, ng Nai hu nh u khng ghi
nhn s gy hi ca loi su ny trn c 3 ging kho nghim.
Su c thn mnh hng: Ti c 4 a im kho nghim hu nh khng ghi
nhn s xut hin v gy hi ca loi su ny trn ging c 3 ging ng (c ging
chuyn gen v ging khng chuyn gen).
Su xm: thuc h ngi m (Noctuidae), b cnh vy (Lepidoptera). Su xm
l loi su a thc, c th ph hi nhiu loi cy trng khc nhau trn th gii. nc
ta su xm ph hi trn c y ng, c chua, u, bng vi v cc loi h bu b Trn
cy ng, Su tui 1- 3 n l ng non hoc gm xung quanh thn ng. Tui 4 tr i su
ph hi mnh, cn t ngang thn ng non ko xung t. Su tui 6 mi m c th
cn t 3 - 4 cy ng non. Khi cy ng c 7 - 8 l, thn cy cng, su th ng c
vo thn gn st gc n phn non mm gia lm thn cy ng b ho v cht. Rung
ng b su xm gy hi trng mt khong l ch, mt cy gim, thit hi v nng
sut. Su xm thng hi nng trn ng trng trn t ct pha v t tht nh. Kt qu
nh gi mc b hi ca su xm trn 3 ging ng ti 4 im kho nghim c
th hin Bng 5-34. Trong kho nghim din rng, ti V Di (Vnh Phc) s gy
hi ca su xm (Agrotis ipsilon) c theo di nh gi ngy 17/5/2011 khi cy ng
giai on sinh trng V2. Ti thi im nh gi, trn tt c cc cng thc kho
nghim u khng ghi nhn s xut hin gy hi, lm khuyt mt cy con do su
xm gy ra. Ti Ngh An, su xm xut hin v gy h i trn c 3 ging kho nghim
nhng mc khc nhau. Trn 2 ging chuyn gen mt trung bnh 7.50 9.00
con/100 cy. Trn ging i chng khng chuyn gen ghi nhn trung bnh cao hn,
t 12,5 con/100 cy. Ti k Lk v ng Nai mt su xm ghi nhn c l
khng ng k trn c 3 ging tham gia kho nghim, trung bnh t 0 0,03 con/100
cy.
Rp mui ng (Rhopalosiphum maidis) cng ghi nhn c trn tt c cc
ging ng th nghim ti 4 a im v trong hu ht cc k iu tra, nht l vo giai
on cy ng bt u tr c cho n giai on chn sa . Tuy vy, mt qun th
cng nh cp hi ca rp mui ng ghi nhn l rt thp. Cp nhim trung bnh ca rp
mui ng lun nh hn 1 (bin ng t 0,16 n 0,24) v khng c s khc bit v

113

cp nhim trung bnh gia cc ging ng chuyn gen v ging ng khng chuyn gen
(Bng 5-34).
Nh vy, ti cc im trng kho nghim c p lc su t nhin ln th 2 ging
ng chuyn gen th hin c tnh khng su c thn (Vnh Phc). Vi su xm
(ti Ngh An), ging ng chuyn gen cng b hi nhng mc nh hn. p lc
su xm rt ln c th gii thch l v im kho nghim ti Ngh An l bi t ph sa
ven sng, thnh phn c gii t nh. Cy trng v trc cng l cy ng, sau cht
b c khu vc cch ly vi bn knh 200 m. Tuy nhin, khi so snh nng sut gia cc
ging kho nghim ti Ngh An th mc gy hi do su xm khng nh hng n
yu t nng xut.
Tm li, trn c s s liu kho nghim thu c cho thy: cc c tnh nng
sinh hc ca 3 ging tham gia kho nghim l hon ton tng tu nhau. Ti nhng
im c p lc su t nhin ln (v d su c thn), nng sut ca cc ging chuyn
gen cao hn hn so vi ging i chng khng chuyn gen. Ngoi ra, kh nng
mm/khng mt s su bnh hi chnh ca 3 ging khng c s khc bit. Kt lun:
ti cc im trng kho nghim c p lc su t nhin ln th 2 ging ng chuyn gen
th hin c tnh khng c bit l khng su c thn.

114

Bng 5-33: Mc b hi bi mt s loi su trn cc ging ng ti 4 im KN

(v H Thu, 2011)
im kho
nghim

Vnh Phc

Ngh An

k Lk

ng Nai

Ging kho
nghim

Su khoang
(1-9)*

Su c thn
chu (1-9)*

Su c thn mnh
hng (1-9)*

G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

0.03
0.04
0.31
0.44
0.20
1.30
0
0
0
0
0
0

0.12
0.03
6.67
0.10
0.03
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.04

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.11

Ghi ch: Thang im nh gi: thang im t 1-9 (Guthrie v cs, 1960).

im 0: Hon ton khng b gy hi; 1: Khng c biu hin gy hi hay nhng vt
cn vi kch thc bng u kim; 2: S lng t vt cn l trn nh trn mt vi l; 3:
S vt cn l trn nh ph bin trn mt vi l; 4: Mt s l vi cc vt cn trn nh
v mt s vt thng di (hnh ch nht); 5: Mt s l vi vt thng di khong 1,3
n 2,5 cm; 6: Mt s l vi vt thng di hn 2.5cm; 7: Vt thng ko di xut
hin trn 1/2 s l; 8: Vt thng ko di xut hin trn 2/3 s l; 9: Hu ht cc l
c cc vt thng ko di

115

Bng 5-34: Mc b hi bi su xm, rp mui ng ca cc ging ng ti 4

im kho nghim (v H Thu, 2011)
im kho
nghim
Vnh Phc

Ngh An

k Lk

ng Nai

Ging kho
nghim
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05

Su xm*
(con/100 cy)
0
0
0
9.00
7.50
12.5
0
0.01
0.03
0
0
0.03

Cp nhim rp
mui trung bnh
0.23 a 0.01
0.16 a 0.03
0.18 a 0.03
0.08
0.13 a 0.05
0.24 a 0.10
0.22 a 0.07
0.26
0.17 a 0.03
0.19 a 0.01
0.18 a 0.02
0.09
0.21 a 0.02
0.19 a 0.02
0.20 a 0.01
0.07

5.2.3 Kt qu nh gi a dng qun th cn trng khng ch ch trn rung

KNDR ng chuyn gene TC1507 ti cc vng sinh thi Vit Nam
5.2.3.1 Kt qu phn loi theo b, h v loi chn khp ti 4 a im KNDR
Thnh phn loi chn khp (cn trng, nhn) c iu tra trc tip v bng s
dng phng php t by dnh vng trn rung ng th nghim vo 5 giai on sinh
trng pht trin chnh ca cy ng (Giai on V 6 , V 10 , V t , R 1 v R 6 ). S liu Bng
5-35 ghi nhn tng hp s lng b, h v loi chn khp bng c 2 phng php trn
rung ng th nghim din rng ti 4 im kho nghim.

116

Ti V Di (Vnh Phc), pht hin c tng s 86 loi chn khp, thuc 54 h,

13 b ca lp cn trng v lp hnh nhn. Trong , chng tp trung nhiu nht b
nhn ln bt mi (Araneae, 19 loi) v b cnh cng (Coleoptera, 18 loi). Cc b
cnh u (Homoptera), cnh na (Hemiptera) v cnh vy (Lepidoptera) c s loi
pht hin c tng ng l 11, 9 v 8 loi. Cc b khc cn li c s loi pht hin
c t hn, mi b mi ch ghi nhn c t 1 n 4 loi (Bng 5-35).
Ti Phong Thnh (Thanh Chng, Ngh An) tng s loi chn khp pht hin
c l 83 loi thuc 49 h, 11 b ca lp cn trng v lp hnh nhn. Trong , b
cnh cng (Coleoptera) c s loi pht hin c nhiu nht (19 loi). Tip n l
b nhn ln bt mi (Araneae, 14 loi) v b cnh vy (Lepidoptera, 12 loi). Cc b
cnh u (Homoptera), b cnh na (Hemiptera) v b cnh mng (Hymenoptera) c
s loi ghi nhn c tng ng l 11, 9 v 8 loi. Cc b khc cn li c s loi pht
hin c t hn, mi b mi ch ghi nhn c t 1 n 3 loi (Bng 5-35).
Ti Nng trng Thng Nht (k Lk) tng s loi chn khp ghi nhn l 46
loi, thuc 33 h, 11 b ca lp cn trng v lp hnh nhn. Trong , b cnh cng
Coleoptera c s loi c ghi nhn nhiu nht (9 loi). B nhn ln bt mi (Araneae,
8 loi). B cnh vy (Lepidoptera, 6 loi). Cc b cnh u (Homoptera), b cnh na
(Hemiptera) v b cnh mng (Hymenoptera) c s loi pht hin c tng ng l
5, 6 v 6 loi. Cc b khc cn li c s loi pht hin c t hn, mi b mi ch ghi
nhn c t 1 n 3 loi (Bng 5-35).
Ti Hng Lc (ng Nai) pht hin c tng s 66 loi chn khp thuc 43
h, 11 b ca lp cn trng v lp hnh nhn. Trong , b cnh cng (Coleoptera, 18
loi), b nhn ln bt mi (Araneae, 10 loi) b cnh vy (Lepidoptera 8 loi). Cc b
cnh u (Homoptera), b cnh na (Hemiptera) v b cnh mng (Hymenoptera) c
s loi pht hin c tng ng l 7, 8 v 6 loi. Cc b khc cn li c s loi pht
hin c t hn, mi b mi ch ghi nhn c t 1 n 4 loi (Bng 5-35).

117

Bng 5-35: S lng loi chn khp phn theo b ghi nhn c trn rung ng
KNDR ti 4 a im (v H - Thu, 2011)
Tn cc b chn khp
Tn Vit Nam
Cnh thng
Cnh da
Cnh u
Cnh na
Cnh t
Cnh cng
Cnh mch
Cnh vy
Cnh mng
Hai cnh
Nhn ln bt mi
Chun chun
Nhn nh

Tn Khoa hc

Orthoptera
Dermaptera
Homoptera
Hemiptera
Thysanoptera
Coleoptera
Neuroptera
Lepidoptera
Hymeniptera
Diptera
Araneae
Odonata
Acarina
Tng s

Vnh Phc
Loi H
4
1
11
9
1
18
1
8
9
3
19
1
1
86

2
1
4
6
1
8
1
4
9
3
13
1
1
54

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
Loi H Loi H
4
1
11
9
1
19
1
12
8
3
14
0
0
83

2
1
4
4
1
7
1
6
8
3
12
0
0
49

2
1
5
6
1
9
1
3
7
3
8
0
0
46

1
1
2
2
1
5
1
3
6
3
8
0
0
33

ng Nai
Loi H
2
1
7
8
1
18
1
8
6
4
10
0
0
66

Bng 5-36 th hin tn Vit Nam v tn khoa hc cc loi chp khp bt gp

trn rung kho nghim din rng ti 4 a im bng phng php iu tra trc tip v
phng php s dng by dnh vng. Cc loi chn khp iu tra c phn thnh 5
nhm bao gm (1) n hm su hi (c chia thnh 2 nhm nh l su hi ch ch v
su hi khng ch ch; (2) nhm thin ch; (3) nhm cn trng k sinh; (4) nhm cn
trng th phn v (4) nhm cn trng cha r ngha kinh t.
Ti Vnh Phc iu tra ghi nhn 29 loi thuc nhm 1; 31 loi thuc nhm 2; 9
loi thuc nhm 3; 1 loi thuc nhm 4 v 16 loi thuc nhm 5.
Ti Ngh An ghi nhn c 28 loi thuc nhm 1; 28 loi thuc nhm 2; 8 loi
thuc nhm 3; 1 loi thuc nhm 4 v 18 loi thuc nhm 5.
Ti k Lk ghi nhn c 13 loi thuc nhm 1; 18 loi thuc nhm 2; 4 loi
thuc nhm 3; 3 loi thuc nhm 4 v 7 loi thuc nhm 5.
Ti Ngh An ghi nhn c 19 loi thuc nhm 1; 26 loi thuc nhm 2; 4 loi
thuc nhm 3; 1 loi thuc nhm 4 v 10 loi thuc nhm 5.

118

2
1
4
5
1
7
1
3
6
3
10
0
0
43

Nh vy, ti Vnh Phc v Ngh An c a dng thnh phn loi ln nht. Thnh
phn loi ngho nn nht c ghi nhn ti k Lk
.

119

Bng 5-36: Thnh phn cc loi chn khp bt gp trn rung ng KNDR ti 4 a im
(v H Thu, 2011)
TT

Tn Vit Nam

im kho nghim

Tn khoa hc
V. Phc

N. An

. Lk

. Nai

Agrotis ipsilon Hufn

Helicorverpa armigera (Hubner)
Mythimna separata (Walk.)
Ostrinia furnacalis Guen.
Spodoptera litura (Farb.)
Spodoptera sp.
Tng 1.1

0
+
+
+
+
0
4

+
+
+
+
+
+
6

0
+
+
+
+
0
4

0
+
+
+
+
0
4

Chondracris rosea rosea (De Geer)

Hieroglyphus tonkinensis
Pseudoxya diminuta (Walk)
C0fana spectra (Distant)
Empoasca flavescens (Fabr.)
Laodelphals striatellus (Fallen)
Sogatella furcifera (Horv.)
Aphis gossypii Glover
Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch
Cletus sp.
Eysarcoris guttiger (Thunb.)

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
0
+
+
+
0
+
0
+
+
+

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+

+
+
+
0
+
0
+
+
+
0
0

1. Nhm su hi (cn trng n thc vt)

1.1 Su hi ch ch
1
2
3
4
5
6

Su xm
Su xanh
Su cn gi
Su c thn
Su khoang
Su keo
1.2 Su hi khng ch ch

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Chu chu voi

Chu chu ma
Chu chu cnh ngn
Ry trng ln
Ry xanh l m
Ry nu nh
Ry lng trng
Rp mui bng
Rp mui ng
B xt gai vai
B xt 2 chm trng ln

120

TT

Tn Vit Nam

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

B xt xanh
B xt di
B xt en
B tr
Mt c ph
B nhy en
Su gai ng
B l 4 vt
Mt ng u di
Su cun l
Su rm ch
Cun l loi ln
Su rm la
Rui c l
Nhn son
Cu cu xanh ln
Su o
D ch
B ct l

1
2
3

Chun chun kim

D bt mi
B ui km

im kho nghim

Tn khoa hc

Nezara viridula (Linnaeus)

Leptocorisa oratorius (Fabbricius)
Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister)
Thrips sp.
Araecerus fasciculatus (de Geer)
Chaetocnema basalis Baly
Dicladispa armigera (Oliver)
Monolepta signata (Oliver)
Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guen)
Euproctis scintillans (Walk)
Pelopidas conjuncta (Her.-Schaf)
Psalis securis Hubner
Liriomyza sp.
Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisd.
Hypomeces squamosus Fabricius
(unidentified)
Gryllus testaceus Walker
Deporaus marginatus P.
Tng 1.2
Tng nhm 1
2. Nhm thin ch (cn trng s dng su hi lm thc n)
Aciagrion sp.
Oecanthus sp.
Anisolabis annulipes (Lucas)
121

V. Phc
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
25
29
+
+
+

N. An
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
0
+
+
0
0
22
28
0
+
+

. Lk
0
+
0
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
0
0
0
+
+
9
13

. Nai
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
15
19

+
0
+

+
0
+

TT
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Tn Vit Nam
B xt m xanh
B xt bt mi mt li
B xt bt mi1
B xt bt mi 2
B ra 8 chm
B ra 2 mnh
B ra 6 chm
B ra 4 chm
B xt hoa
B ra Nht Bn
B ra
Cnh cng cnh ngn
B 3 khoang
B mt vng
Nhn li1
Nhn li2
Nhn ln bng nhn
Nhn ln1
Nhn ln 2
Nhn trng 8 chm en
Nhn linh miu
Nhn si
Nhn ln 3
Nhn chn di hm to
Nhn nhy

im kho nghim

Tn khoa hc
Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter
Geocoris sp.
Orius sp.
Geocoris sp.
Leis dimidiate
Lemnia biplagiata (Swar.)
Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabr.)
Scymnus frontalis quadrimaculatus Herbst
Eocanthecona furcellata W.
Propylea japonica (Thunb.)
Scymnus hoffmanni Weise
Paederus fuscipes Curtis
Ophionea indica (Thumberg)
Chrysopa sp.
Araneus inustus
Araneus sp.
Argyrodes sp.
Clubiona sp.
Cyclosa sp.
Coleosoma octomaculatum
Oxyopes sp.
Pardosa sp.
Runcinia sp.
Tetragnatha spp.
Salticidae (unidentified)
122

V. Phc
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+

N. An
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

. Lk
0
0
+
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
0

. Nai
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
0
+
+
+
0
+
+

TT
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

Tn Vit Nam
Nhn nu ln
Nhn ln a gic
Nhn ln 4 chm
Nhn bng nhn
Nhn ln bc
Nhn tng s
Nhn Lycosa
Nhn ln
Kin 3 khoang

im kho nghim

Tn khoa hc
(unidentified)
(unidentified)
(unidentified)
Argyrodes sp.
(unidentified)
(unidentified)
Lycosa pseudoannulata
Atypena formosana
Ophionea nigrofassciata
Tng nhm 2

V. Phc
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
31

N. An
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
28

. Lk
0
+
+
0
0
0
+
+
+
18

. Nai
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
26

3. Nhm cn trng k sinh

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Ong1
Ong2
Ong3
Ong k sinh rp mui
Ong4
Ong5
Ong k sinh6
Ong k sinh su non su
c thn
Rui k sinh

Apanteles sp.
Charops bicolor (Szep.)
Aphenlinidae
Aphidiidae
Mymaridae (unidentified)
Scelionidae (unidentified)
KS1 (unidentified)
(unidentified)

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
0
+
+
+
+

0
+
+
0
+
0

+
0
0
0
0
0
+
+

Tachinidae

+
9

+
8

+
4

+
4

Tng nhm 3

4. Nhm cn trng th phn

1

Ong mt

Apis spp.
123

TT

Tn Vit Nam

im kho nghim

Tn khoa hc
V. Phc

2
3

Bm mung
Bm phng en

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Ry xanh l m
Ry xanh ui en
Ry in quang
Ry ngc
Ry nu
B phn trng
B xt 2 i cong mp
B bu vng
B nhy sc cong
Ba na xanh
B vi voi
Cnh cng sp1
Cnh cng di
Rui
B xt Bengal
B xt 2 vai nhn
B xt en
B xt di
Cu cu nu nh
Rui

Catopsilia pomona Fabr.

Papilio polytes Linnaeus
Tng nhm 4
5. Nhm cn trng cha r ngha kinh t
Empoasca flavescens (Fabr.)
Nephotettix nigropictus (Stal)
Recilia dorsalis Motschulsky
Thaia subrufa (Motsch.)
Nilaparvata lugen Stal.
Bemisia tabaci Genn.
Physomerus grossipes
Aulacophora femoralis Weise
Phyllotreta striolata Farb.
Taiwania circumdata Herbst.
(unidentified)
(unidentified)
(unidentified)
Sepedon sp.
Pygomenida bengalensis Westw.
Cletus sp.
Scotinophara lurida (Burmeister)
(unidentified)
(unidentified)
Sepedol sp.
124

0
0
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
0
0
0

N. An
0
0
1
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

. Lk
+
+
3

. Nai
0
0
1

+
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
0

0
0
+
+
+
0
+
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
+
+
+
0
0

TT

Tn Vit Nam

im kho nghim

Tn khoa hc
Tng nhm 5

V. Phc
16

N. An
18

Tng s loi

86

83

Ghi ch: + :bt gp; 0: khng bt gp

125

. Lk
7

. Nai
10

46

66

5.2.3.2 Kt qu iu tra thnh phn cc loi chp khp bng phng php trc tip
trn cc ging ng KNDR.
Thnh phn loi chn khp pht hin c bng phng php iu tra trc tip
trn rung ng kho nghim din rng v H Thu nm 2011 c th hin trong
Bng 5-37. Phn tch s liu cho thy:
Ti Vnh Phc,
- Thnh phn loi: tng s loi chn khp pht hin bng iu tra trc tip c
trn 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H chuyn gen, 30Y87HR chuyn gen tham
kho v 30Y87 i chng) tng t nhau, ln lt l 59, 61 v 53 (loi). Trong
nhm su hi ch ch l 4, 4 v 3 (loi), su hi khng ch ch 23, 23 v 22 (loi).
Nhm thin ch l 25, 25 v 23 (loi), nhm cn trng k sinh l 2, 3 v 3 (loi),
nhm cn trng th phn l 1, 1 v 1 (loi), loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh t l
8, 9 v 4 (loi).
- Mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp): hu ht cc loi bt gp tn sut (-)
<5%, ring su c thn ng trn ging i chng khng chuyn gen (30Y87) tn sut
bt gp (+++)>50%, tn sut bt gp su c thn trn 2 ging ng chuyn gen rt t
(hu nh khng ng k). Tn sut bt gp B xt en, b tr, b xt bt mi1, cnh
cng ngn, nhn li1 v nhn tng s trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim rt cao
(+++)>50%.
Nh vy, ng chuyn gen hay khng chuyn gen trng ti Vnh Phc (p lc su
t nhin ln) khng nh hng n s loi chn khp v mc (tn sut bt gp)
ngoi tr i vi su c thn, ging ng chuyn gen th hin c tnh khng rt
ln.
Ti Ngh An,
- Thnh phn loi: tng s loi chn khp pht hin bng iu tra trc tip c
trn 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H chuyn gen, 30Y87HR chuyn gen tham
kho v 30Y87 i chng) tng t nhau, ln lt l 58, 65 v 59 (loi). Trong
nhm su hi ch ch l 5, 6 v 6 (loi), su hi khng ch ch 23, 24 v 23 (loi).
Nhm thin ch l 23, 26 v 24 (loi), nhm cn trng k sinh l 2, 3 v 1 (loi),
nhm cn trng th phn l 1, 1 v 1 (loi), loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh t l
9, 11 v 10 (loi).
- Mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp): a s cc loi bt gp tn sut (-)
<5%, ring b xt bt mi, nhn linh miu tn sut bt gp trung bnh (++) 26 50%,
tn sut bt gp b ra Nht bn, cnh cng ngn v nhn li 1 trn c 3 ging ng
kho nghim rt cao (+++)>50%.
126

Ti k Lk,
- Thnh phn loi: t ng s loi chn khp pht hin bng iu tra trc tip
c trn 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H chuyn gen, 30Y87HR chuyn gen
tham kho v 30Y87 i chng) tng t nhau, ln lt l 47, 44 v 43 (loi).
Trong nhm su hi ch ch l 3, 3 v 4 (loi), su hi khng ch ch 14, 13 v
13 (loi). Nhm thin ch l 18, 17 v 17 (loi), nhm cn trng k sinh l 4, 3 v 3
(loi), nhm cn trng th phn l 3, 3 v 3 (loi), loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh
t l 5, 5 v 3 (loi). Hu ht thnh phn loi ti im k Lk thp hn so vi 3 im
khc.
- Mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp): a s cc loi bt gp tn sut (-)
<5%, ring 2 loi b ra Nht Bn v nhn li 1 tn sut bt gp trung bnh (++) 26
50% trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim.
Ti ng Nai,
- Thnh phn loi: tng s loi chn khp pht hin bng iu tra trc tip c
trn 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H chuyn gen, 30Y87HR chuyn gen tham
kho v 30Y87 i chng) tng t nhau, ln lt l 57, 55 v 54 (loi). Trong
nhm su hi ch ch l 3, 3 v 4 (loi), su hi khng ch ch 14, 15 v 15 (loi).
Nhm thin ch l 26, 25 v 23 (loi), n hm cn trng k sinh l 4, 4 v 3 (loi),
nhm cn trng th phn l 1, 1 v 1 (loi), loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh t l
9, 7 v 8 (loi).
- Mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp): a s cc loi bt gp tn sut (-)
<5%, ring 2 loi (b ra Nht Bn v nhn li 1) tn sut bt gp trung bnh (++) 26
50% trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim (ging chuyn gen, ging chuyn gen tham
kho v ging i chng).
Qua phn tch s liu cho thy, ging ng chuyn gen hay khng chuyn gen
khng nh hng n thnh phn loi v tn sut bt gp cc loi chn khp trong v
kho nghim din rng ti 4 a im.
Trong 4 a im kho nghim, im k Lk c s loi v tn sut bt gp cc
loi trn c 3 ging ng thp nht. 3 im khc c s loi trn cc g ing tng t
nhau hay mc phong ph v loi tng ng nhau.

127

Bng 5-37: Thnh phn, mc hin din cc loi chn khp iu tra bng iu tra trc tip trn cc ging ng
KNDR ti 4 a im(v H Thu, 2011)
Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
1. Nhm su hi (cn trng n thc vt)
1.1. Su hi ch ch
1
Su xm
2
Su xanh
0
0
0
3
Su cn gi
0
4
Su c thn
+++
5
Su khoang
6
Su keo
0
0
0
Tng nhm 1.1
4
4
3
1.2. Su hi khng ch ch
1
Chu chu voi
2
Chu chu ma
3
Chu chu cnh ngn
4
Ry trng ln
0
5
Ry xanh l m
0
0
0
6
Ry nu nh
0
0
7
Ry lng trng
8
Rp mui bng
9
Rp mui ng
10 B xt gai vai
TT Tn loi

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3

0
5

0
0
0
3

0
0
0
3

0
0
4

0
0
0
3

0
0
0
3

0
0
4

0
0
0
0
0
-

0
0
0
0
-

0
0
0
0
-

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

128

TT Tn loi
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

B xt 2 chm trng ln
B xt xanh
B xt di
B xt en
B tr
Mt c ph
B nhy en
Su gai ng
B l 4 vt
Mt ng u di
Su cun l nh
Su rm ch
Cun l loi ln
Su rm la
Rui c l
Nhn son
Cu cu xanh ln
Su o
D ch
B ct l
Tng nhm 1.2
Tng nhm I

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
+++ +++ +++
+++ +++ +++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
19
19
23
23
22

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
18
17
14
13
13
23
24
23
17
16
17
129

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
15
15
17
18
19

a im kho nghim
Vnh Phc
Ngh An
k Lk
TT Tn loi
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
2. Nhm thin ch (cn trng s dng su hi lm thc n)
1
Chun chun kim
0
0
0
0
0
2
D bt mi
0
0
0
3
B ui km
4
B xt m xanh
+
0
0
0
5
B xt bt mi mt li
0
0
0
0
1
6
B xt bt mi
+++ +++ +++
++
++
++
+
+
+
2
7
B xt bt mi
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
B ra 8 chm
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
B ra 2 mnh
10 B ra 6 chm
0
11 B ra 4 chm
0
0
0
0
0
0
12 B xt hoa
0
0
0
0
0
0
13 B ra Nht Bn
+
+++ +++ +++
++
++
++
14 B ra
0
0
0
15 Cnh cng cnh ngn
+++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
0
0
0
16 B 3 khoang
0
0
0
17 B mt vng
0
0
0
0
1
18 Nhn li
+++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
++
++
++
2
19 Nhn li
0
0
0
0
20 Nhn ln bng nhn
+
+
+
0
0
0
1
21 Nhn ln
0
0
0
130

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
+
0
0
++
0
++
-

0
0
+
0
0
+
0
++
-

0
0
+
0
0
++
0
++
0
-

TT Tn loi
Nhn ln 2
Nhn trng 8 chm en
Nhn linh miu
Nhn si
Nhn ln 3
Nhn chn di hm to
Nhn nhy
Nhn nu ln
Nhn ln a gic
Nhn ln 4 chm
Nhn bng nhn
Nhn ln bc
Nhn tng s
Nhn Lycosa
Nhn ln
Kin 3 khoang
Tng nhm 2
3. Nhm cn trng k sinh
1
Ong1
2
Ong2
3
Ong3
4
Ong k sinh rp mui
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+++ +++ +++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
25
23
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
++
+
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
26
24
18
17
17
0
0
0
0
131

0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0
-

0
0
0
-

0
0
0
-

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
25
23
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

TT Tn loi
5
6
7
8

G1
0
0
-

Vnh Phc
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
-

Ong
Ong5
Ong k sinh6
Ong k sinh su non su
c thn
9
Rui k sinh
0
Tng nhm 3
2
4. Nhm cn trng th phn
1
Ong mt
2
Bm mung
0
3
Bm phng en
0
Tng nhm 4
1
5. Loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh t
1
Ry xanh l m
2
Ry xanh ui en
0
3
Ry in quang
4
Ry ngc
5
Ry nu
6
B phn trng
0
7
B xt 2 i cong mp
0
8
B bu vng
0
9
B nhy sc cong
-

0
3

0
0
1
0
0
0
0

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
-

0
3

0
3

0
0

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
3

+
3

+
3

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
-

0
0
0
0
-

0
0
-

0
0
0
-

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
+
0
0

0
0
0
+
0

0
0
0
0
0

132

TT Tn loi
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Ba na xanh
B vi voi
Cnh cng sp1
Cnh cng di
Rui
B xt Bengal
B xt 2 vai nhn
B xt en
B xt di
Cu cu nu nh
Rui
Tng nhm 4
Tng s loi

G1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
59

Vnh Phc
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
4
61
53

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
11
10
5
5
3
58
65
59
47
44
43

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
7
8
57
55
54

Ghi ch: G1: ging 30Y87H; G2:30Y87HR; G3: 30Y87

Mc xut hin: (0): Khng xut hin; ( -) : Rt t vi tn sut bt gp < 5%;
(+) : t vi tn sut bt gp: 6 25%; (++) : Trung bnh vi tn sut bt gp 26 50%;
(+++): Nhiu vi tn sut bt gp >50%

133

5.2.3.3 Kt qu iu tra thnh phn cc loi chp khp bng by dnh vng trn
cc ging ng KNDR.
Nhng loi chn khp ghi nhn c bng by dnh vng trn rung ng kho
nghim din rng v H-Thu nm 2011 ti 4 im c ghi trong Bng 5-38.
Vnh Phc, v thnh phn loi, tng s loi chn khp pht hin bng by dnh
vng trn 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H chuyn gen, 30Y87HR chuyn gen
tham kho v 30Y87 i chng), ln lt l 38, 43 v 48 loi. Cc loi trong nhm
su hi ch ch khng vo by dnh vng. Cc loi thuc nhm su hi khng ch
ch ln lt l 7, 8 v 10 loi. Tng t thnh phn loi thuc nhm thin ch l 12,
14 v 16 loi; nhm cn trng k sinh l 9, 9 v 9 loi; nhm cn trng th phn ch
ghi nhn c 1 loi trn c 3 ging kho nghim; loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh
t l 9, 12 v 12loi. Mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp), tt c cc loi u bt
gp tn sut rt t (-)/<5%, n t (+)/5-26% trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim.
Ngh An, v thnh phn loi, tng s loi chn khp pht hin bng by dnh
vng trn 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H; 30Y87HR; v 30Y87) ln lt l 45,
43 v 39 loi. Ch ghi nhn 1 loi duy nht (su xanh) trong nhm su hi ch ch
vo by dnh v ng trn 2 ging ng chuyn gen. S u hi khng ch ch ghi nhn
c ln lt l 9, 9 v 8 loi. Nhm thin ch l 13, 13 v 11 loi; nhm cn trng
k sinh l 9, 9 v 9 loi; nhm cn trng th phn cng ch ghi nhn c 1 loi trn
c 3 ging kho nghim. Nhm cn trng cha r ngha kinh t l 12, 10 v 10 loi.
Mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp) cng tng t nh Ngh An, tt c cc loi
u bt gp tn sut rt t (-)/<5%, n t (+)/ 5-26% trn c 3 ging ng kho
nghim.
k Lk, v thnh phn loi, tng s loi chn khp pht hin bng by dnh
vng trn 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H ; 30Y87HR; v 30Y87) ln lt l 32,
34 v 34 loi. Trong , nhm su hi ch ch vo by dnh vng trn 3 ging ng 1,
2 v 3 loi. Nhm su hi khng ch ch ln lt 10, 11 v 11 loi. Nhm thin ch
l 13, 14 v 14 loi; nhm cn trng k sinh l 3, 3 v 3(loi). Nhm cn trng th
phn v nhm cn trng cha r ngha kinh t u ghi nhn c 3 loi trn mi
ging ng kho nghim. V mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp), tt c cc loi
bt gp tn sut rt t (-)/<5%, n t (+)/5-26% trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim.
ng Nai, tng s loi chn khp pht hin bng by dnh vng trn 3 ging
ng kho nghim (30Y87H; 30Y87HR; v 30Y87) ln lt l 43, 42 v 48 loi. Trong
, nhm su hi ch ch vo by dnh vng trn 3 ging ng l 1, 1 v 3 loi. Nhm
su hi khng ch ch ln lt 8, 9 v 10 loi. Nhm thin ch l 21, 21 v 22 loi,
nhm cn trng k sinh l 4, 2 v 4loi. Nhm cn trng th phn v nhm cn trng
134

cha r ngha kinh t ghi nhn ln lt l 1 v 8 loi i vi c 3 ging ng kho

nghim. Mc xut hin (hay tn sut bt gp) cng tng t cc a im kho
nghim khc, cc loi u bt gp tn sut rt t (-)/<5%, n t (+)/5-26% trn c 3
ging ng kho nghim.
Nh vy, s lng loi chn khp pht hin c bng by dnh vng trn 3
ging ng kho nghin l tng ng nhau. Mt s t loi xut hin trn cc ging
ng chuyn gen cao hn, nhng cng c mt s loi trn ging ng i chng cao
hn. Vic so snh s loi chn khp bt gp trn by dnh vng cc im cho thy
im k Lawk c s lng loi thp hn so vi 3 a im cn li. S lng loi vo
by dnh vng trn 3 ging ti 4 a im kho nghim din rng v H - Thu nm
2011 u nhiu hn so vi trn ging ng tng ng trong kho nghim hn ch v
thu v v ng nm 2010 ti Vn Giang (24-33 loi trn ging 30Y87 v 22-29 loi
trn ging 30Y87H)
.

135

Bng 5-38: Thnh phn, mc hin din loi chn khp iu tra bng by dnh vng trn cc ging ng KNDR ti
4 a im (v H - Thu, 2011)
TT

Tn loi

1. Nhm su hi (cn trng n thc vt)

1.1. Su hi ch ch
1
Su xanh
2
Su cn gi
3
Su c thn
4
Su khoang
Tng nhm 1.1
1.2. Su hi khng ch ch
1
Ry trng ln
2
Ry xanh l m
3
Ry lng trng
4
Rp mui bng
5
Rp mui ng
6
B xt 2 chm trng ln
7
B xt xanh
8
B xt di
9
B tr
10
Mt c ph
11
B nhy en
12
Su gai ng

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2 G3

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

+
0
0
0
1

+
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
1

0
0
2

0
3

0
0
0
1

0
0
0
1

0
3

+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
0

+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
0

+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
+

+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
0

+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
+
0

+
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

136

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
13
B l 4 vt
+
+
+
14
Mt ng u di
0
+
+
15
Su cun l nh
0
0
0
16
Su rm ch
0
0
0
17
Cun l loi ln
0
0
+
18
Rui c l
+
+
+
Tng nhm 1.2
7
8
10
Tng nhm 1
7
8
10
2. Nhm thin ch (cn trng s dng su hi lm thc n)
1
Chun chun kim
0
0
0
2
D bt mi
0
+
+
3
B ui km
0
0
0
4
B xt m xanh
+
0
+
5
B xt bt mi mt li
+
+
+
1
6
B xt bt mi
+
+
+
7
B ra 8 chm
0
+
+
8
B ra 2 mnh
0
0
0
9
B ra 6 chm
+
+
+
10
B ra 4 chm
0
0
0
11
B ra Nht Bn
+
+
+
12
B ra
+
+
+
13
Cnh cng cnh ngn
+
+
+
TT

Tn loi

137

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
0
+
9
9
8
9
9
10
10
8
10
11
0
+
0
+
0
+
+
0
+
0
+
+
+

0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+
+
+

0
+
0
+
0
+
+
0
+
0
+
+
+

0
0
0
+
0
+
+
0
0

0
+
0
0
0
+
+
0
0

G3
0
+
+
0
0
8
11
0
0
0
+
0
+
+
0
0

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
8
9
10
9
10 13
0
+
0
0
+
+
0
+
-

0
0
0
+
+
0
-

0
0
0
+
+
0
-

TT

B 3 khoang
B mt vng
Nhn li1
Nhn li2
Nhn ln bng nhn
Nhn ln1
Nhn ln 2
Nhn trng 8 chm en
Nhn linh miu
Nhn si
Nhn ln 3
Nhn chn di hm to
Nhn nhy
Nhn nu ln
Nhn ln a gic
Nhn bng nhn
Nhn Lycosa
Nhn ln
Kin 3 khoang
Tng nhm 2
3. Nhm cn trng k sinh
1
Ong1
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
27
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

G1
+
0
+
0
0

Vnh Phc
G2
+
0
+
0
+

G3
+
0
+
0
0

0
0
0
+
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
12

0
0
+
+
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
14

0
0
+
+
+
+
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
16

Tn loi

138

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
13
13
11
13
14
+

G3
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
14
0

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21 21 22
+

TT
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Tn loi
2

G1
+
+
+
+
+
+

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
9
9
9
3
3

Vnh Phc
G2
+
+
+
+
+
+

G3
+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
9

+
+
9

+
0
0
1

+
0
0

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
+
+
3

+
+
0
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+
0

+
0
0
0
0
0

Ong
Ong3
Ong k sinh rp mui
Ong4
Ong5
Ong k sinh6
Ong k sinh su non su
c
thn
+
9
Rui k sinh
+
Tng nhm III
9
4. Nhm cn trng th phn
1
Ong mt
+
2
Bm mung
0
3
Bm phng en
0
Tng nhm IV
1
5. Nhm loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh t
1
Ry xanh l m
+
2
Ry xanh ui en
+
3
Ry in quang
+
4
Ry ngc
+
5
Ry nu
+
6
B phn trng
+

+
+
+
+
+
+

139

G3
0
0
0
+
0
+
0

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+

0
2

+
+
+
3

+
+
+
3

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
0
0
0

+
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
+
+
0

0
0
+
+
+
0

0
0
+
+
0

TT
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20

Tng nhm V

G1
0
0
+
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
9

Vnh Phc
G2
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
12

G3
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
12

Tng s loi

38

43

48

Tn loi
B xt 2 i cong mp
B bu vng
B nhy sc cong
Ba na xanh
B vi voi
Cnh cng sp1
Cnh cng di
Rui
B xt Bengal
B xt en
B xt di
Cu cu nu nh
Rui

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
+
+
+

G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0

12

10

10

45

43

39

32

34

34

43

42

48

Ghi ch: G1: Ging 30Y87H; G2:30Y87HR; G3: 30Y87

Mc xut hin: (0): Khng xut hin; ( -) : Rt t vi tn sut bt gp < 5%;
(+) : t vi tn sut bt gp: 6 25%;
(++) : Trung bnh vi tn sut bt gp 26 50%;
(+++): Nhiu vi tn sut bt gp >50%

140

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0

5.2.3.4 Kt qu iu tra thnh phn cc loi chp khp bng iu tra trc tip v
by dnh vng trn cc ging ng KNDR
Trn ng rung, mt s loi chn khp va c th quan st trc tip c trn
trn cy ng va vo by dnh vng nh (v d ry lng trng (Sogatella furcifera),
rp mui ng (Rhopalosiphum maidis), b tr (Thrips sp.), b nhy en nh
(Chaetocnema basalis), b l 4 vt (Monolepta signata), b ra Nht Bn (Propylea
japonica), cnh cng ngn (Paederus fuscipes, vv). Tuy nhin, trong thc t c
nhiu loi c kch thc nh kh c th pht hin bng mt thng khi iu tra trc
tip, nhng thu c bng by dnh vng nh (v d cc loi ong k sinh thuc h
Aphenlinidae, Aphidiidae, Mymaridae, Scelionidae). Kt qu iu tra cc loi chn
khp ghi nhn c bng c 2 phng php (quan st trc tip v by dnh vng)
c th hin trong Bng 5-39.
Ti V Di (Vnh Phc) pht hin c tng s 86 loi chn khp . S lng
loi chn khp pht hin c b ng c hai phng php trn ng kho nghim din
rng v H-Thu nm 2011 ti V Di trn mi ging u cao hn so vi trn tng
ging ng trong kho nghim hn ch trong v thu nm 2010 ti Vn Giang (47
loi trn ging 30Y87 v 44 loi trn ging 30Y87H). S lng loi ghi nhn c
bng c hai phng php trn c hai ging ng bin i gen gn nh tng t nhau,
ln lt l 71 v 68 loi. Trong khi , trn ng
gi ng nn khng bin i gen ,
30Y87, s loi chn khp ghi nhn c 78 loi, nhiu hn i cht so vi cc ging
ng chuyn gen . Trn cc ging ng kho nghim d in rng ti Vnh Phc c thnh
phn su hi v thin ch ngho nn hn so vi thnh phn loi su hi v thin ch
trn cy ng cng b min Bc trc y (Nguyn Qu Hng v nnk., 1978;
Phm Vn Lm, 1996; Vin Bo v thc vt 1976). C nhng loi su hi rt ph
bin trn cy ng nh su xm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufn) nhng li khng bt gp trong
th nghim ny. Nguyn nhn c th do kho nghim din rng ln ny c bt u
mun hn i cht (ngy gieo ht 7/5/2011) so vi trng ng thng thng ti y.
Ti Ngh An, tng s cc loi chn khp ghi nhn c trn 3 ging ng kho
nghim (30Y87H-chuyn gen; 30Y87HR-chuyn gen tham kho; v 30Y87-i
chng) ln lt l 75, 76 v 73 loi. Trong , nhm su hi ch ch l 6 loi v
tng t nhau trn c 3 ging. Nhm su hi khng ch ch ln lt l 26, 26 v 25
loi. Nhm thin ch ghi nhn c l 26, 27 v 25 (loi). Cc nhm cn trng k
sinh, nhm cn trng th phn v nhm cn trng cha r ngha kinh t u c s
loi ghi nhn c tng ng nhau trn c 3 ging ng kho nghim v ln lt l
l 9, 1 v 13 loi i vi tng nhm.
141

Ti k Lk, ghi nhn c tng s cc loi chn khp trn 3 ging ng kho
nghim ln lt l 40, 39 v 42 loi. Trong nhm su hi ch ch l 1, 2 v 4 loi
v su hi khng ch ch l 14, 14 v 17 loi. Nhm thin ch ghi nhn c ln
lt l 15, 14 v 15 loi. Nhm cn trng k sinh v nhm cn trng th phn ghi
nhn s lng loi trn c 3 ging kho nghim l nh nhau, ln lt l 4 v 3 loi.
Nhm cn trng cha r ngha kinh t cng tng t nhau trn 3 ging ng kho
nghim, ln lt l 4, 4 v 3 loi. Thnh phn loi chn khp thu c ti k Lk
ngho hn so vi thnh phn cc loi chn khp thu c ti 3 a im cn li (Vnh
Phc, Ngh An v ng Nai).
Ti ng Nai, tng s cc loi chn khp ghi nhn c bng 2 phng php
i vi 3 ging kho nghim l 55, 56 v 54 loi. Trong , su hi ch ch l 3, 2
v 4 loi; su hi khng ch ch 16, 15 v 20 loi. Nhm thin ch ln lt l 23, 26
v 21 loi. Nhm cn trng cha r ngha kinh t l 10, 10 v 7 loi. S loi trn c
3 ging kho nghim l nh nhau i vi c 2 nhm cn li, nhm cn trng k sinh
v nhm cn trng th phn, ln lt l 5v 1 loi.
Nh vy, c th kt lun l thnh phn cc loi chn khp bt gp bng c 2
phng php iu tra trn 3 ging ng kho nghim l khng c s khc bit ng k.
Ni cch khc l gia cc ging ng chuyn gen v ging i chng khng chuyn
gen u khng c s khc bit v thnh phn cc loi chn khp d l iu tra bng
phng php quan st trc tip hay s dung by dnh vng. Cc ging ng chuyn
gen hoc hon ton khng nh hng n thnh phn loi chn khp.

142

Bng 5-39: Thnh phn, mc hin din cc loi chn khp trong iu tra trc tip v by dnh vng trn cc
ging ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H - Thu, 2011)
Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
1. Nhm su hi (cn trng n thc vt)
1.1. Su hi ch ch
1
Su xm
0
0
0
2
Su xanh
3
Su cn gi
0
4
Su c thn
+++
5
Su khoang
0
0
6
Su keo
0
0
0
Tng nhm 1.1
3
3
3
1.2. Su hi khng ch ch
1
Chu chu voi
2
Chu chu ma
3
Chu chu cnh ngn
4
Ry trng ln
5
Ry xanh l m
0
6
Ry nu nh
0
0
7
Ry lng trng
++
+++ +++
8
Rp mui bng
9
Rp mui ng
+
+
+
10
B xt gai vai
TT

Tn loi

143

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3

+
6

+
++
6

0
0
0
0
0
1

0
0
0
0
2

0
0
4

0
0
0
3

0
0
0
0
2

0
0
4

0
0
0
0
-

0
0
0
+
0
+
-

0
0
0
+
0
-

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

+
0
+
0
+
+
0

+
0
0
+
0
+
+
0

+
0
+
0
+
+
0

TT
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Tn loi
B xt 2 chm trng ln
B xt xanh
B xt di
B xt en
B tr
Mt c ph
B nhy en
Su gai ng
B l 4 vt
Mt ng u di
Su cun l nh
Su rm ch
Cun l loi ln
Su rm la
Rui c l
Nhn son
Cu cu xanh ln
Su o
D ch
B ct l
Tng nhm 1.2
Tng nhm I

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
+++ +++ +++
++
++
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
19
23
24
22
29
144

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
+
+
0
0
0
0
+
++
+
+
+
0
0
0
+
+
+++ +++ +++
0
0
0
0
0
+
++
+
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
20
19
13
12
26
26
25
14
14

G3
+
0
0
+
+
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
13
17

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
13
16
16
15
20

a im kho nghim
Vnh Phc
Ngh An
k Lk
TT Tn loi
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
2. Nhm thin ch (cn trng s dng su hi lm thc n)
1
Chun chun kim
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
2
D bt mi
+
0
0
0
3
B ui km
4
B xt m xanh
++
0
0
0
5
B xt bt mi mt li
0
0
0
1
6
B xt bt mi
+++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
++
++
++
2
7
B xt bt mi
0
0
0
0
0
8
B ra 8 chm
0
0
0
9
B ra 2 mnh
0
10
B ra 6 chm
+
11
B ra en nh
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
B xt hoa
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
B ra Nht Bn
+
+
+
+++ +++ +++
++
++
+
14
B ra
0
0
0
15
Cnh cng cnh ngn
+++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
0
0
0
16
B 3 khoang
+
0
0
0
17
B mt vng
0
0
0
0
1
18
Nhn li
+++ +++ +++ +++ +++ +++
0
0
0
2
19
Nhn li
+++
+
++
0
0
0
20
Nhn ln bng nhn
+
+
+
+
+
+
1
21
Nhn ln
0
0
0
145

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
+
0
+
0
+++
+
0
0
0
++
+
+
++
0
0

+
0
0
0
++
+
+
0
+
0
+
++
0
-

+
0
0
0
++
0
0
0
0
++
0
+
++
0
-

TT

Tn loi

Nhn ln
Nhn trng 8 chm en
Nhn linh miu
Nhn si
Nhn ln 3
Nhn chn di hm to
Nhn nhy
Nhn nu ln
Nhn ln a gic
Nhn ln 4 chm
Nhn bng nhn
Nhn ln bc
Nhn tng s
Nhn Lycosa
Nhn ln
Kin 3 khoang
Tng nhm II
3. Nhm cn trng k sinh
1
Ong1
2
Ong2
3
Ong3
4
Ong k sinh rp mui
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
+++ +++ +++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
26
27
-

G1
+
++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
+
-

146

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G2
G3
G1
G2
0
0
0
0
0
++
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
+++ ++
0
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
+
++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
27
25
15
14
+
-

+
-

0
0
0
-

0
0
0
-

G3
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
+
15
0
0
0
-

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
++
++
++
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
26
21
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

TT
5
6
7
8
9

Tn loi
4

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
+
+
+
+++ +++ +++
++
+
+++
9
9
9

Ong
Ong5
Ong k sinh6
Ong KS su non su c thn
Rui k sinh
Tng nhm 3
4. Nhm cn trng th phn
1
Ong mt
2
Bm mung
0
0
3
Bm phng en
0
0
Tng nhm 4
1
1
5. Nhm loi cn trng cha r ngha kinh t
1
Ry xanh l m
++
+
2
Ry xanh ui en
3
Ry in quang
4
Ry ngc
+++ +++
5
Ry nu
6
B phn trng
+++ +++
7
B xt 2 i cong mp
0
0
8
B bu vng
0
0
9
B nhy sc cong
0
10
Ba na xanh
0
0

G1
9

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G2
G3
G1
G2
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
9
9
4
4

G3
+
0
0
4

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
+
+
5
5
5

0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
0
0
1

+
+
3

+
3

+
3

0
0
1

+
0
0
1

0
0
1

++
0
+++
+++
-

+++
0
0

+++
0
0

+++
0
0

+
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
+
0
+
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

147

TT
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Tn loi
B vi voi
Cnh cng sp1
Cnh cng di
Rui
B xt Bengal
B xt 2 vai nhn
B xt en
B xt di
Cu cu nu nh
Rui
Tng nhm V
Tng s loi

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
0
+
+
++
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
10
12

G1
0
0
0
0
0
13

71

75

68

78

Ghi ch: G1: ging 30Y87H; G2:30Y87HR; G3: 30Y87

Mc xut hin: (0): Khng xut hin;
( -) : Rt t vi tn sut bt gp < 5%;
(+) : t vi tn sut bt gp: 6 25%;
(++) : Trung bnh vi tn sut bt gp 26 50%;
(+++): Nhiu vi tn sut bt gp >50%

148

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G2
G3
G1
G2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
13
4
4
76

73

40

39

G3
0
0
0
++
0
0
0
0
0
0
3

ng Nai
G1
G2
G3
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
++
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
7

42

55

56

54

5.2.3.5 Kt qu nh gi s a dng sinh hc cp loi ca tp hp chn khp

trn rung ng KNDR
S dng cng thc ca Odum (1971), Colwell (2000) tnh ton mt s ch
tiu chung v s a dng sinh hc cp loi ca tp hp chn khp trong rung
ng kho nghim, kt qu th hin trong Bng 5-40.
Ti Vnh Phc, tng s c th/ln iu tra trn 3 ging ng (30Y87H-chuyn
gen; 30Y87HR-chuyn gen tham kho v 30Y87-i chng) ln lt l 464.9; 467.9
v 609.3 c th. Tr s ny trn ging ng i chng l ln hn nhiu so vi 2 ging
ng chuyn gen , l do bi ging i chng b su c thn gy hi rt nhiu. Tuy
nhin, tng s loi/ln iu tra trn 3 ging l tng ng nhau, u trong khong t
29.8 30.1 loi. Ch s u th Simpson's D trn cc ging ng kho nghim gn
tng t nhau v rt thp, ch t 0.14 -0.18. Ch s a dng H t t 4.55- 4.85.
Ti Ngh An, tng s c th/ln iu tra trn 3 ging ng ln lt l 407; 394 v
469.5 c th. Khng c s khc bit ng k v tng s loi/ln iu tra trn 3 ging,
t 29.41- 32.47 loi. Ch s u th Simpson's D trn cc ging ng kho nghim gn
tng t nhau v rt thp, t 0.15 -0.17. Ch s a dng H t t 4.96 - 4.13.
Ti k Lk, tng s c th/ln iu tra trn 3 ging ng ln lt l 206.7; 213.2
v 231.2 c th. Tng s loi/ln iu tra trn 3 ging tng ng nhau, t t
19.41- 22.37 loi. Ch s u th Simpson's D trn cc ging ng kho nghim gn
tng t nhau v rt thp, t 0.10 -0.12. Ch s a dng H t t 4.01 - 4.76.
Ti k Lk, tng s c th/ln iu tra trn 3 ging ng chuyn gen, chuyn
gen tham kho v i chng ln lt l 296.6; 313.2 v 331.3 c th. Tng s loi/ln
iu tra trn 3 ging l tng ng nhau v trong khong t 19.22- 21.39 loi. Ch
s u th Simpson's D trn cc ging ng kho nghim gn tng t nhau v rt thp,
t 0.11 -0.13. Ch s a dng H t t 4.51 - 4.76.
Phn tch s liu trn cho thy: trong kho nghi m Vnh Phc, ging ng
chuyn gen 30Y87H c ch s u th Simpson's D thp nht (0,14) v c ch s a
dng Shannon H' cao nht (4,85). Kt qu tng t trong cc kho nghim Ngh
An, k Lk v ng Nai. Cc gi tr ch s u th Simpson's D hon ton lgc,
tng ng ph hp vi gi tr ca ch s a dng Shannon H'. Kt qu ny chng t
trong sinh qun cc ging ng kho nghim khng c loi chn khp no pht trin
vi s lng ni tri hn, chim u th hn c th gy mt cn bng sinh thi. Gi
tr ch s u th Simpson's D ca cc ging ng th nghim khc nhau mc rt nh,
khng c ngha thng k.
149

Bng 5-40: Ch s a dng v ch s u th cc loi chn khp bt gp trn cc

ging ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H -Thu, 2011)
im KN

Vnh Phc

Ngh An

k Lk

ng Nai

Ging
KN

Tng s c
th/ln T

Tng s
loi/ln T

Ch s u th
SimsonD

Ch s a dng
Shannon H

G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3

464,8536,26
467,0524,68
609,3053,44
406,9830,16
393,9619,47
469,5011,67
206.6820,10
213.1719,07
231.2110,27
296.5820,11
313.1719,17
331.2610,28

29,800,76
30,100,69
30,002,32
30,400,98
29,413,46
32,477,35
20,200,96
19,412,66
22,375,35
19,220,91
20,431,67
21,392,35

0,180,03
0,150,02
0,140,04
0,150,01
0,170,01
0,160,01
0,100,02
0,130,01
0,110,03
0,110,03
0,130,02
0,120,04

4,85a0,34
4,81a0,28
4,55a0,34
4,96a0,14
5.13a0,11
5.01a0,13
4,16a0,11
4.13a0,13
4.01a0,15
4,76a0,13
4.51a0,11
4.61a0,14

5.2.3.6 Kt qu nh gi a dng sinh hc cp loi ca mt s nhm su hi

ph bin v loi b ra bt mi trn cc ging ng KNDR.
Kt qu nh gi a dng cp loi ca nhm su hi v nhm b ra bt
mi c th hin ti Bng 5-41 v 5-42. Trong KNDR ti Vnh Phc, trn rung ng
th nghim ghi nhn c 29 loi su hi ng, gm 4 loi su hi ch ch v 2 5
loi su hi khng ch ch . Tng s c th ca nhm cc loi su hi ng bt gp
trong mt k iu tra trn nhng ging ng kho nghim khng ging nhau. Ch tiu
ny t cao nht ging ng nn khng bin i gen (30Y87), trung bnh 233.65 c
th/k iu tra. Cc ging ng bin i gen 30Y87H v 30Y87HR c trung bnh tng
s c th ca nhm cc loi su hi ng bt gp trong mt k iu tra thp hn v gn
tng t nhau, tng ng l 90.20 v 80.60 c th/k iu tra (Bng 5-41). Ti Phong
Thnh (Ngh An), ch tiu trung bnh tng s c th ca nhm cc loi su hi ng bt
gp trong mt k iu tra trn nhng ging ng kho nghim l tng t nhau v it
khc bit hn so vi V Di (Vnh Phc). Tuy nhin, ch tiu ny trn ging ng nn
khng chuyn gen (30Y87) vn c xu hng cao hn so vi cc ging ng chuyn
gen. Gi tr cao nht trong ton b kho nghim v chung cho c 3 ging kho nghim
150

l 215,75 c th/k iu tra. Cc ging ng chuyn gen 30Y87H v 30Y87HR c

trung bnh tng s c th ca nhm cc loi su hi ng bt gp trong mt k iu tra
t tng ng l 163,22 v 184,77 c th/k iu tra (Bng 5-41). Nh vy, ch tiu
tng s c th ca nhm cc loi su hi ng bt gp trong mt k iu tra trong
KNDR Vnh Phc c s khc bit c ngha gia cc ging ng chuyn gen v
ging ng khng chuyn gen. Trong khi , kho nghim Ngh An ch tiu ny
khc bit mc khng c ngha thng k. Ti k Lk v ng Nai, tng s c th
ca nhm su hi ng bt gp trong mt k iu tra trn c 3 ging l tng ng
nhau. Tuy nhin, ti k Lk tr s tng s c th nhm su hi ng l thp nht v
thp hn ng k so vi 3 im kho nghim cn li.
Trn cc ging ng kho nghim bt gp 5 loi b ra hot ng bt mi
trn rung ng, bao gm B ra Nht Bn, B ra 6 chm, B ra hofmani, b ra 8
chm v b ra 2 mnh . Trong s chng B ra Nht Bn c tn sut bt gp v
mt cao hn c trn tt c cc ging ng kho nghim. Trong 4 im kho nghim,
ti Ngh An tn sut bt gp b ra nhiu hn so vi 3 a im kho nghim khc,
ln lt t 42.17, 43.92 v 51.31con trn cc ging chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham
kho v i chng. Tuy nhin, nu ch xt ti tng im th gia cc ging kho
nghim l khng c s khc bit ngha ( tin cy 95%). Ch s a dng Hca
nhm b ra t khng cao. S khc nhau ca ch s H gia cc ging ng kho
nghim khng c ngha thng k. S loi b ra bt gp/k iu tra ti Vnh Phc,
Ngh An v ng Nai tng t nh nhau, ring k Lk ch tiu ny thp nht.Nh
vy, tuy c s sai khc v s c th, s loi b ra/ ln iu tra nhng s sai khc
mc cho php v khng c ngha thng k. Kt lun, ging ng chuyn gen
30Y87H v 30Y87HR khng nh hng n s phn b v tn sut bt gp cc loi
b ra bt mi trn rung ng trong KNDR ti 4 a im.

151

Bng 5-41: Ch s a dng cc loi su hi bt gp trn cc ging ng KNDR ti

4 a im (v H Thu, 2011)
im kho
nghim
Vnh Phc

Ngh An

k Lk

ng Nai

Ging kho
nghim
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05

Tng s c
th/ln iu tra
90.20b12.60
80.60b14.68
233.65a28.13
63.06
163.22a18.50
184.77a21.00
215.75a19.55
67.94
50.10a 13.61
40.70a 14.67
59.61a28.13
13.01
90.29a 12.60
80.60a 14.68
93.65a28.13
23.01

152

Tng s loi/ln
iu tra
6.90a0.69
6.75a0.17
7.15a0.36
1.46
8.23ab0.19
8.00b0.70
9.67a0.34
1.60
3.90a0.69
3.75a0.17
4.15a0.36
1.40
5.95a061
6.05a0.19
6.15a0.38
1.12

Ch s
Shannon H
2.67a0.36
2.72a0.39
1.64b0.36
0.39
2.68a0.08
2.53a0.17
2.63a0.17
0.47
1.69a0.35
1.73a0.33
1.84b0.31
0.35
2.07a0.31
2.12a0.35
1.94a 0.33
0.28

Bng 5-42: Ch s a dng cc loi b ra bt mi trn cc ging ng KNDR ti 4

a im (v H Thu, 2011)
im kho
nghim
Vnh Phc

Ngh An

k Lk

ng Nai

Ging kho
nghim

Tng s c
th/ln iu tra

Tng s loi/ln
iu tra

Ch s
Shannon H

G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05
G1
G2
G3
LSD.05

14.00a1.87
10.95a 1.35
9.85a 0.26
4.39
42.17a7.24
43.92a 3.17
51.30a 7.93
20.68
7.05a 1.89
6.45a 1.75
5.75a 0.96
3.30
12.19a5.14
13.82a 3.94
11.70a 5.91
9.88

2.35a 0,13
2.80a 1.06
2.25a 0.12
0.34
2.62a 0,14
3.07a 0.24
2.65a 0.15
0.58
1.75a 0,14
1.40a 0.82
1.45a 0.22
0.54
2.02a 0,12
2.17a 0.21
2.45a 0.19
0.61

1.19a0.16
1.54a0.04
1,27a 0.10
0.39
0.46a0.28
0.56a0.33
0.52a 0.29
0.15
1.01a0.15
1.14a0.07
1,17a 0.10
0.67
0.87a0.21
0.85a0.35
0.71a 0.25
0.15

5.2.3.7 Thnh phn loi v phn b ca Collembola trong cc l th nghim trng

ng KNDR
Ni n cht lng mi trng t (sc khe ca t) ngi ta thng quan tm
n cc thnh phn sinh hc trong t v c lin quan trc tip n s lng v mc
a dng ca cc ng vt khng xng sng trong t. Cc ng vt khng xng
sng ny c coi nh nhng thnh phn sng ca t v l nhng sinh vt ch th
cho cht lng t (Blair v cs., 1996). Trong s cc ng vt khng xng sng
t, Collembola c ch n nh mt nhm sinh vt ch th v vai tr to ln ca
chng trong cc chu trnh dinh ng
d
v phn hy, ng vai tr quan trng trong
mng li thc n trn cn (Frampton, 1997, Moore v cs., 1988). Phn ln cc ng
vt chn khp b, trong c Collembola thng xut hin lp t mt 0-10cm v
chng chim 90-95% v s lng trong cc mu thu ng vt t.

153

Kt qu phn tch thnh phn loi v phn b ca Collembola trn rung ng

trong KNDR ti 4 a im c trnh by Bng 5-43.
Ti Vnh Phc: t trng 3 ging ng kho nghim (30Y87H; 30Y87HR v
30Y87) ghi nhn c 51 loi Collembola thuc 30 ging, 13 h. Trong s , 41
loi xc nh tn khoa hc, 10 loi cn dng sp. (ch mi xc nh n tn ging).
S loi tp trung nhiu nht 2 h, h Entomobryidae (20 loi, chim 39,22% tng s
loi) v h Isotomidae (10 loi, chim 19,23% tng s loi). y cng l hai h
thng bt gp vi s lng loi ln trong cc sinh cnh (rng, vn quanh nh, trng
c, cy bi) thu c Vit Nam. Trong s11 h cn li ch c t 1 n 5 loi. Trong
s cc h Collembola ghi nhn c, g ing Lepidocyrtus c s loi nhiu nht (12
loi, chim 60 % s loi ca h v chim 23,53% tng s loi). 29 ging cn li c t
1-3 loi/ging.
Phn ln cc loi Collembola ghi nhn c ti Vnh Phc ( Bng 5-43) bao
gm hn hp cc loi (1) sng ch yu t (Tullbergia sp. 1 ; mt s loi thuc h
Isotomidae (Folsomides exiguus, Folsomina onychiurina, Isotomiella minor,
Isotomodes pseudoproductus), Megalothorax minimus); (2) nhm sng di lp
thm - trn mt t : Xenylla humicola (Hypogastruridae), a s l oi thuc h
Entomobryidae (ntomobrya lanuginosa, Entomobrya muscorum,...), h
Bourletiellidae (Deuterosminthurus pallipes, Deuterosminthurus sp.1,...), h
Sminthuridae (Sphyrotheca macrochaeta),vv; (3) nhm sng bn trn lp thm
(cc loi thu
c ging
Lepidocyrtus: Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis, L. (Acr.)
transiens, L. (Asc.) concolourus, L. (Asc.) sp., vv; (4) loi thuc ging Seira (Seira
camgiangensis); Sinella coeca; Rambutsinella honchongensis (Entomobryidae);
Cyphoderus javanus (Cyphoderidae); loi thuc ging Salina (Salina sp. 14 );
Trong tng s 51 loi Collembola, c ti 28 loi (chim 53,85% tng s loi) c
mt cc l th nghim trng 3 ging ng trong KNDR. C i
t 39 loi (chim
75,00% tng s loi) c mt trong l trng ca 2/3 ging ng: hoc ng i chng v
ng chuyn gen, hoc ng i chng v ng chuyn gen tham kho, hoc ng chuyn
gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho. Ch c 12 loi c mt tro ng cc l th nghi
m
trng mt ging ng nht nh, c th: ch c mt l trng ng i chng Folsomides americanus (1 c th), Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis (2 c th); ch c
mt l trng ng chuyn gen, gm 4 loi: Isotomurus f. prasinus (1 c th
),
Rambutsinella honchongensis (1 c th), Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 1 (1 c th), Salina
sp. 14 (3 c th). Ch c mt l trng ng chuyn gen tham kho, gm 6 loi:
Mesaphorura krausbaueri (1 c ),
th
Pseudachorutella assigilata (1 c ),
th
Entomobrya sp. 2 (7 c th
), Pseudosinella octopunctata (1 c th
), Lepidocyrtus
154

(Acr.) segamanus (1 c th), Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) cf. aseanus (1 c th). 12 loi nu

trn ch l cc loi gp ngu nhin hoc nn t ny, hoc nn t kia v s lng
ca chng rt t; hn na chng c th gp kh ph bin trong cc dng sinh cnh
khc nhau (trn t nng nghip: t trng mu, vn quanh nh,...) nhng a
phng khc nhau ca Vit Nam ( H Trung (Thanh Ho), Gia Lm (H Ni), Yn
Thu, Cao Phong (Ho Bnh), ng Mai (Hng Yn), Hip Ho (Bc Giang), VQG
Xun Sn, Ph Th; khu BTT N Thng Tin, Kim Bi, Ha Bnh; khu vc pha Ty
cc tnh t Qung Tr n Qung Nam, (Nguyn Th Thu Anh v cs., 2000, 2008,
2009; Phm c Tin v cs., 2007; Nguyn Tr Tin v cs., 2007, 2009). Nh vy, c
12 loi nu trn khng ph
i l nhng loi hi m, hay c bit v mt sinh thi m
chng ch l nhng loi ngu nhin thu c vi s lng rt t (t 1 n 7 c th)
khu vc KNDR ng chuyn gen. iu ny cho thy thnh phn loi v phn b ca
Collembola t trng cc ging ng i chng, chuyn gen v chuyn gen tham
kho (stack) Tri sn xut ging cy trng V Di, Vnh Phc khng c khc bit.
Ti Ngh An: a im kho nghim ny do thi tit ma nhiu vo thi gian
thu ca t cui (t thu mu th 3), din tch cc ging b ngp v hng, nn s
lng mu thu ca t thu mu th 3 l: 5 mu t x 3 cng thc x 3 im thu= 45
mu. Nh vy, tng s mu thu c trong 3 t thc a im kho nghim din
rng l 165 mu t nh lng. Kt qu ghi nhn c 45 loi Collembola thuc
26 ging, 10 h phn b trong khu vc trng kho nghim din rng ng chuyn gen
HTX Phong Thnh, Thanh Chng, Ngh An (Bng 5-43). Trong s , 33 loi
xc nh tn khoa hc, 12 loi cn dng sp.. S loi tp trung ch yu 2 h, trong
gp nhiu loi nht h Entomobryidae (21 loi, chim 46,67% tng s loi), tip
n l h Isotomidae (7 loi, chim 15,56% tng s loi). 8 h cn li ch c t 1 n
4 loi. Ging Lepidocyrtus c s loi nhiu nht (10 loi, chim 47,62% s loi ca
h v chim 22,22% tng s loi). 25 ging cn li c t 1-4 loi.
Khu h Collembola y bao gm hn hp (1) cc loi sng ch yu t (cc
loi thuc h Isotomidae (Folsomides exiguus, Folsomina onychiurina, Isotomodes
pseudoproductus,..), Megalothorax minimus; (2) cc loi sng thm - t (i din
ca Neanuridae (Brachystomella parvula); a s loi ca h
Entomobryidae
(Entomobrya lanuginosa, Sinella coeca,..) v (3) cc loi ng
s
bn trn p
l thm
(Xenylla humicola, Cphoderus javanus, Homidia glasa, Willow sia sp. 1 ,...), mt s
loi Symphypleonid: Sminthurides bothrium, Deuterosminthurus pallipes,
Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 , Deuterosminthurus sp. 2 , vv.

155

Trong s 45 loi Collembola, c ti 23 loi (chim 51,11% tng s loi) c mt

cc l th nghim trng c 3 ging ng, trong c 4 loi t
b gp ph bin, bao
gm: Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 , Cyphoderus javanus, Sminthurides aquaticus,
Deuterosminthurus pallipes. C 34 loi (chim 75,56% tng s loi) c mt trong t
trng 2/3 ging ng: hoc ng i chng v ng chuyn gen, hoc ng i chng v
ng chuyn gen i chng tham kho, hoc ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen i
chng tham kho. Ch c 11 loi l c mt trong cc l th nghim trng mt ging
ng nht nh, c th: ch c mt l trng ng i chng - Mesaphorura
krausbaueri (2 c th), Isotomiella minor (1 c th), Isotomodes pseudoproductus (1
c th), Rambutsinella honchongensis (1 c th) , Lepidocyrtus (Asc) aseanus (1 c
th), Sinella coeca (1 c th); ch c mt l trng ng chuyn gen, gm 2 lo i:
Xenylla humicola (6 c th), Tullbergia sp. 1 (2 c th); ch c mt l trng ng
chuyn gen i chng tham kho (stack), gm 3 loi: Brachystomella parvula (1 c
th), Pseudosinella immaculata (1 c th), Lepidocyrtus (L.) cyaneus (2 c th). Trong
s 11 loi ch
c mt trong cc l tr
ng th nghim mt ging ng nht nh,
Rambutsinella honchongensis l loi t gp t sn xut nng nghip, hn na s
lng c th thu c ca loi ny rt t (ch duy nht 1 c th). V vy y ch l
trng hp ngu nhin bt gp, cn cc loi cn li l nhng loi kh ph bin trong
cc sinh cnh t nng nghip, trng c cy bi, vn quanh nh,... (Nguyn Th Thu
Anh v cs., 2000; 2008; 2009; 2010; Nguyn Tr Tin v cs., 2008; 2009). Mt khc,
khi so snh kt qu v thnh phn loi thu c cc l trng ng kho nghim cng
ging (30Y87H, 30Y87) trng kho nghim hn ch ti Vn Giang (Hng Yn) v
trng kho nghim din rng ti cc a phng khc nh Vnh Phc, Bun M
Thut, ng Nai th nhng loi ny vn c mt. Nh vy, c 11 loi ny u xut
hin hoc t trng ng chuyn gen hoc t trng ng khng chuyn gen v t
trng ng chuyn gen tham kho (stack). Nu chng vng mt hay c mt nn t
trng ng i chng khng chuyn gen hay t trng ng chuyn gen v t trng ng
chuyn gen i chng tham kho (stack) ch c th l ngu nhin, hoc do s lng
mu hoc thi gian nghin cu cn t ch khng phi do yu t ging cy trng gy
nn.
Ti k Lk, ghi nhn c 31 loi Collembola thuc 21 ging, 10 h phn b
trong khu vc KNDR ng chuyn gen (Bng 5-43). Trong s , 26 loi xc nh
tn khoa hc, 5 loi ch mi xc nh n ging . S loi tp trung ch yu 3 h,
trong h Entomobryidae c s loi nhiu nht ( 11 loi, chim 35,48% tn g s
loi), tip n l h Isotomidae (6 loi, chi
m 19,35% tng s loi) v h
Sminthurididae (5 loi, chim 16,13% tng s loi). 7 h cn li ch c t 1 n 2
loi, chim t l rt nh trong tng s loi thu c. C 3 ging c s loi nhiu nht
156

l ging Homidia, ging Lepidocyrtus v ging Sminthurides (cng c 3 loi, chim

9,68% tng s loi). 18 ging cn li c t 1-2 loi.
Phn ln cc loi Collembola trong danh sch (Bng 5-43) thuc hn hp cc
nhm sng : (1) trong t nh mt s loi thuc h Isotomidae (Folsomina
onychiurina, Isotomiella minor; loi Tullbergia sp. 1 (Onychiuridae); (2) trong lp
thm v di lp thm - trn mt t , nh mt s loi thuc ging Lepidocyrtus:
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) lanuginosus, L. (Asc.) concolourus, L. (Asc.) sp. 4 , Homidia glasa,
Homidia subcingula, Entomobrya lanuginosa(Entomobryidae); Cyphoderus
javanus (Cyphoderidae); (3) loi thuc ging Salina: Salina celebensis; (4) mt s
loi
Symphypleonid:
Sminthurides
bothrium,
Deuterosminthurus
sp. 1 ,
Deuterosminthurus sp. 2 ,.
Trong s 31 loi Collembola, c ti 16 loi ( 51,61% tng s loi) c mt cc
l th nghim trng 3 nhm ng ( ng i chng, ng chuyn gen gen v ng chuyn
gen tham kho ). C ti 20 loi (chim 64,52% tng s loi) c mt trong it nht 2
nhm ng (hoc ng i chng v ng chuyn gen tham kho hoc ng i chng v
ng chuyn gen, hoc ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho). C 11 loi c
mt trong cc l th nghim trng mt nhm ng nht nh, c th: ch c mt l
trng ng i chng - Protaphorura sp. 1 (1 c th), Lepidocyrtus (L.) lanuginosus (1
c th), Salina celebensis (1 c th) , Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 (2 c th); Ch c mt
l trng ng chuyn gen, gm 3 loi: Pseudosinella immaculata (1 c ),
th
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 4 (1 c th), Calvatomina antena (1 c th); Ch c mt l
trng ng chuyn gen tham kho, gm 4 loi: Isotomurus f. prasinus (1 c th),
Isotomurus punctiferus (1 c th
), Entomobrya lanuginosa (1 c th
) v Seira
camgiangensis (1 c th).
Tt c 11 loi Collembola (h Entomobryidae) nu trn u l nhng loi gp
kh ph bin trong cc dng sinh cnh khc nhau, t sinh cnh rng t nhin (VQG
Xun Sn) n sinh cnh t trng mu (Bc Giang, Hi Dng) v nhng a
phng khc nhau ca Vit Nam ( VQG Xun Sn, Ph Th; khu BTTN Thng
Tin, Kim Bi, Ha Bnh; t canh tc Gia Lm, H Ni; khu vc pha Ty cc tnh
t Qung Tr n Qung Nam, Hng Yn vv (Nguyn Th Thu Anh v cs., 2000;
2008; 2009; 2010 Nguyn Tr Tin v cs., 2008; 2009). Nh vy, 11 loi ny u
khng phi l nhng loi him, hay c bit v mt sinh thi m chng ch l nhng
loi ngu nhin thu c vi s lng rt t (t 1 n 5 c th) trong khu vc trng
KNDR ng chuyn gen. iu ny cho thy thnh phn loi Collembola cc l th
nghim trng cc ging ng i chng, ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho
khng c s khc bit nhau.
157

Ti ng Nai, ghi nhn c 43 loi Collembola thuc 24 ging, 11 h phn b

trong khu vc tr ng ng kho nghim Trung tm Nghin cu T hc nghim Nng
nghip, Hng Thnh, Trng Bom, ng Nai (Bng 5-43). Trong s , 33 loi xc
nh tn khoa hc, 10 loi cn dng sp. (ch mi xc nh n ging). Tng t nh
cc a im kho nghim khac, s loi tp trung nhiu nht h Entomobryidae (17
loi, chim 39,53% tng s loi), tip n l h Isotomidae (8 loi, chim 18,60%
tng s loi). 8 h cn li ch c t 1 n 5 loi. Ging Lepidocyrtus c s loi nhiu
nht (10 loi, chim 58,82% s loi ca h Entomobryidae v chim 23,26% tng s
loi); 23 ging cn li c t 1-4 loi.
Xt v c im sinh thi ca cc loi Collembola thu c tro ng khu KNDR
cho thy (Bng 5-43) cc loi Collembola bao gm hn hp cc loi sng ch yu
(1) t: Tullbergia sp. 1 (Onychiuridae), Acherontiella sabina (Hypogastruridae), mt
s loi ca h Isotomidae (Folsomides exiguus, Folsomina onychiurina, Isotomiella
minor), Megalothorax minimus; (2) Cc loi sng di lp thm - trn mt t nh:
Xenylla humicola (Hypogastruridae), a s loi ca h Entomobryidae (ntomobrya
lanuginosa, Entomobrya muscorum,...), h Bourletiellidae (Deuterosminthurus
pallipes, Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 ,...); (3) Cc loi sng bn trn lp thm (cc loi
thuc ging Lepidocyrtus: Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis, L. (Acr.) transiens, L.
c ging Seira ( Seira
(Asc.) concolourus, L. (Asc.) sp. 4 ,; (4) loi thu
camgiangensis), Sinella coeca, Homidia glassa, (Entomobryidae); Cyphoderus
javanus (Cyphoderidae);
Trong tng s 43 loi Collembola thu thp c, c ti 21 loi (48,84% tng s
loi) c mt cc l th nghim trng 3 nhm ng (ng i chng, ng chuyn gen v
ng chuyn gen tham kho). 31 loi (72,09% tng s loi) c mt trong 2 n 3 nhm
ng (hoc ng i chng v ng chuyn gen, hoc ng i chng v ng chuyn gen
tham kho, hoc ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho). Ch c 12 loi l c
mt trong cc l th nghim trng mt ging ng nht nh, c th: ch c mt l
trng ng i chng Protaphorura yodai (2 c th), Lepidocyrtus (L.) sp. 5 (1 c
th), Megalothorax minimus (1 c th), Arrhopalites sp. 1 (1 c th); ch c mt l
trng ng chuyn gen, gm 5 loi: Pseudosinella assigilata (1 c th), Homidia
sauteri f. sinensis (2 c th), Sminthurides parvulus (2 c th), Deuterosminthurus sp. 2
(6 c th), Deuterosminthurus sp. 3 (1 c th). Ch c mt l trng ng chuyn gen
tham kho, gm 3 loi: Acherontiella sabina (1 c th), Isotomodes pseudoproductus
(1 c th), Lepidocyrtus (L.) cyaneus (2 c th). Trong s 12 loi ny, Megalothorax
minimus, Homidia sauteri f. sinensis l nhng loi gp kh ph bin t nng
nghip (t trng mu, vn quanh nh,). 10 loi cn li ch l cc loi gp ngu
nhin hoc nn t ny, hoc nn t kia v s lng ca chng rt t. H n na
158

chng c th gp kh ph bin trong cc dng sinh cnh khc nhau, nhng a

phng khc nhau ca Vit Nam ( H Trung (Thanh Ho), Gia Lm (H Ni), Yn
Thu, Cao Phong (Ho Bnh), ng Mai (Hng Yn), Hip Ho (Bc Giang), VQG
Xun Sn, Ph Th; khu BTTN Thng Tin, Kim Bi, Ha Bnh; khu v c pha Ty
cc tnh t Qung Tr n Qung Nam, (Nguyn Th Thu Anh v cs., 2000, 2008,
2009; Phm c Tin v cs., 2007; Nguyn Tr Tin v cs., 2007, 2009). Nh vy, 12
loi nu trn khng phi l nhng loi him, hay c bit v mt sinh thi m chng
ch l nhng loi ngu nhin thu c vi s lng rt t (t 1 n 6 c th) khu vc
trng kho nghim din rng ng chuyn gen. iu ny cho thy thnh phn loi v
phn b ca Collembola t trng cc ging ng i chng, chuyn gen v chuyn
gen tham kho (stack) Trung tm N ghin cu Thc nghim Nng nghi p Hng
Lc, ng Nai khng c s khc bit.

159

Bng 5-43: Thnh phn loi v phn b ca Collembola trong t trng ng KNDR ti 4 a im
(v H Thu, 2011)
a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1 G2 G3 G1 G2 G3

TT

Thnh phn loi

Hypogastruridae

1
2

Xenylla humicola (Fabricius, 1780)

Acherontiella sabina Bonet, 1945

II
1
2
3
4
5
6

Onychiuridae
Protaphorura yodai (Yosii, 1966)
Protaphorura sp. 1
Mesaphorura krausbaueri Borner, 1901
Protaphorura tamdaona Nguyen, 1995
Mesaphorura krausbaueri Borner, 1901
Tullbergia sp. 1

0
0
0
0
0
+

0
0
0
+
+
0

0
0
0
+
0
+

0
+
0
0
0
+

0
+
0
0
0
0

0
+
+
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
+

0
+
0
0
0
+

0
0
0
0
0
+

0
0
0
0
0
+

+
0
0
0
0
+

III
1
2

Neanuridae
Brachystomella parvula (Schaffer, 1896)
Pseudachorutella assigilata (Borner, 1901)

+
0

+
+

0
0

0
0

+
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
+

0
0

0
0

IV
1
2
3

Isotomidae
Proisotoma tenella (Reuter, 1895)
Proisotoma submuscicola Nguyen, 1995
Cryptopygus thermophilus (Axelson, 1900)

0
+
+

0
+
+

0
+
+

0
0

0
+

0
+

0
+
+

0
+
+

0
+
+

+
0
+

+
0
+

+
0
+

Vnh Phc
G1 G2 G3

160

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1 G2 G3 G1 G2 G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
0
+
+
0
0
+
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
+
+
0
+
0

TT

Thnh phn loi

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Folsomides americanus Denis, 1931

Folsomides exiguus Folsom, 1932
Folsomina onychiurina Denis, 1931
Isotomiella minor (Schaffer, 1896)
Isotomodes pseudoproductus Stach, 1965
Isotomurus palustris (Muller, 1776)
Isotomurus f. prasinus (Reuter, 1891)
Isotomurus punctiferus Yosii, 1963

0
+
+
+
0
+
+
+

0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+

+
+
+
+
+
+
0
+

V
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Entomobryidae
Entomobrya muscorum (Nicolet, 1841)
Entomobrya lanuginosa (Nicolet, 1841)
Entomobrya sp. 2
Homidia glassa Nguyen, 2001
Pseudosinella octopunctata Borner, 1901
Homidia sauteri f. sinensis Denis, 1929
Homidia subcingula Denis, 1948
Pseudosinella immaculata (Lie-Petterson)

+
+
0
+
0
0
0
0

+
+
+
+
+
0
0
0

+
+
0
+
0
0
0
0

+
+
+
+
0
+
0
0

+
+
+
+
0
+
0
+

+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
+
0
+
+
+

0
+
0
+
0
+
+
0

Rambutsinella honchongensis (Deharveng et Bedos)

10
11
12

Willowsia sp. 1
Lepidocyrtus (L.) cyaneus Tullberg, 1871
Lepidocyrtus (L.) lanuginosus (Gmelin, 1788)

0
+
+

0
+
+

0
+
+

+
0
+

+
+
+

+
0
0

0
0
0

Vnh Phc
G1 G2 G3

161

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3
0
0
+
+
0
+
0
+

0
+
+
+
+
+
0
+

0
+
+
0
0
+
0
+

0
0
0
0
0
+
+
0

0
+
+
+
0
+
0
0

+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0

+
+
0
+
0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
0
+

0
0
+

0
+
+

0
0
0

TT

Thnh phn loi

13
14
15
16
17

Lepidocyrtus (L.) sp. 5

Lepidocyrtus (Cyn.) sp. 1
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis Yosii, 1959
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) segamanus Yosii, 1982
Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) transiens Yosii, 1982

18

Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) cf. aseanus Yosii, 1982

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) concolourus Nguyen, 2001

Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) dahlii Schaffer, 1898
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 1
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 2
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 4
Seira camgiangensis Nguyen, 2001
Sinella coeca (Schott, 1896)
Sinella pseudomonoculata Nguyen, 1995
Seira oligomacrochaeta Nguyen, 2001

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0

+
+
0
+
+
+
0
0

VI
1

Cyphoderidae
Cyphoderus javanus Borner, 1906

VII
1
2

Paronellidae
Salina sp. 14
Salina celebensis (Schaffer, 1898)

+
0

Vnh Phc
G1 G2 G3
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
+
+

162

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1 G2 G3 G1 G2 G3
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
+
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3
0
0
+
0
+
+
0
+
+
0
0
0
+
+
+

0
+
+
+
0
+
0
0
+
+

+
+
0
+
+
0
0
+
+
+

+
+
0
+
+
+
+
0

0
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+
+

+
0
0
0
+
0
+
+

0
0
0
0
0
+
+
+

+
0
0
0
0
0
+
+

+
0
0
+
+
+
+
0

+
+
0
+
+
0
+
0

+
+
0
+
+
+
0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
+

0
0

0
0

0
0

TT

Thnh phn loi

Vnh Phc
G1 G2 G3

VIII Neelidae
1
Megalothorax minimus Willem, 1900

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1 G2 G3 G1 G2 G3

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3

IX
1
2
3
4
5

Sminthurididae
Sminthurides aquaticus (Bourlet, 1842)
Sminthurides bothrium Nguyen, 2001
Sminthurides parvulus (Krausbauer, 1898)
Sphaeridia pumilis (Krausbauer, 1898)
Sphaeridia zaheri Yosii, 1966

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
0
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
0
0

+
+
+
0
0

+
+
+
0
0

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+
+

+
+
0
+
+

+
+
0
+
+

X
1
2

Arrhopalitidae
Arrhopalites sp. 1
Collophora mysticiosa Yosii, 1966

+
+

+
+

+
0

0
0

0
0

0
0

0
+

0
+

0
+

0
0

0
0

+
0

XI
1

Katiannidae
Sminthurinus victorius Nguyen, 2001

XII
1
2
3
4

Bourletiellidae
Deuterosminthurus pallipes (Bourlet, 1843)
Deuterosminthurus sp. 1
Deuterosminthurus sp. 2
Deuterosminthurus sp. 3

+
+
+
0

+
+
+
0

+
+
+
0

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

+
+
+
+

0
0
+
0

0
+
+
0

0
0
+
0

+
+
+
+

+
+
0
0

+
+
0
0

XIII Sminthuridae
1
Nesminthurus sp. 1
163

TT
2

Thnh phn loi

Sphyrotheca macrochaeta Nguyen, 1995

Vnh Phc
G1 G2 G3
+
+
0

XIV Dicyrtomidae
1
Calvatomina antena (Nguyen, 1995)
Tng s loi

164

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G1 G2 G3 G1 G2 G3
+
+
+
0
0
0

ng Nai
G1 G2 G3
0
0
0

39

42

37

34

33

35

21

24

22

31

33

31

5.2.3.8 Mt s ch tiu nh lng Collembola t trng ng KNDR ti 4 a im

Kt qu phn tch mt s ch s nh lng Collembola nh: s lng loi, s
lng c th (Bng 5-44); mt trung bnh (con/m2), cc ch s a dng Shannon Weiner (H), ch s ng u Pielou (J) (Bng 5-45) cho thy:
a) S lng loi
Ti Vnh Phc tnh chung sau 3 t thu mu nh lng Collembola, s lng
loi dao ng t 37 loi ( ng i chng) n 39 - 42 loi (ng chuyn gen v ng
chuyn gen tham kho (stack)). Ti Ngh An s lng loi dao ng t 35 loi (ng
i chng), 33-34 loi ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho (stack). Ti
k Lk s lng loi dao ng t 22 loi (ng i chng) v 21-24 loi ng
chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho (stack). V ti ng Nai, sau 3 t thu mu
nh lng Collembola, s lng loi dao ng t 31 loi (ng i chng), 31-33 loi
ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho (stack). Nh vy, s lng loi
Collembola phn b trong cc l th nghim trng cc ging ng chuyn gen mc d
cao hn i cht so vi ng i chng, nhng l khng ng k, khng c s khc
bit c ngha v s lng loi Collembola trn rung trng ng chuyn gen v
rung trng ng i chng (khng chuyn gen) v mt thng k.
Phn tch thnh phn loi Collembola t trng KNDR ng chuyn gen cho
thy gia hai nn t i chng (ng khng chuyn gen) v t th nghim (ng
chuyn gen v stack chuyn gen tham kho) c chung 28 loi. Chng ch khc nhau
12 loi, trong nn t trng ng chuyn gen vng mt loi Folsomides americanus
v Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis, nhng li c thm 10 loi khc khng c trn t
trng ng i chng l: Mesaphorura krausbaueri, Pseudachorutella assigilata,
Isotomurus prasinus, Entomobrya sp. 2 , Pseudosinella octopunctata, Rambutsinella
honchongensis, Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) segamanus, Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) aseanus,
Lepidocyrtus (Asc.) sp. 1 , Salina sp. 14 . Xt i
v tng loi cho thy: ngoi tr
Folsomides americanus, Lepidocyrtus (Acr.) heterolepis mc d khng tm thy trong
t trng ng chuyn gen im kho nghim Vnh Phc nhng loi ny vn c
trong t trng ng chuyn gen ng Nai. 10 loi Collembola vng mt t trng
ng khng chuyn gen trong KNDR nhng li tm thy trn t trng ging ng ny
cc a im khc (khng thuc KNDR) nh Vn Giang (Hng Yn), Phong Th
nh
(Ngh An), Hng L
c (ng Nai). Nh vy c th khng nh tt c cc loi
Collembola cp pha trn u xut hin hoc c t trng ng chuyn gen v
t trng ng khng chuyn gen d a phng ny hay a phng khc. Nu
165

chng vng mt hay tm thy nn t trng ng chuyn gen hay ng khng chuyn
gen ni ny hay ni khac th ch l ngu nhin, hoc do s lng mu thu cn t nn
cha gp.
b) S c th theo tng t thu mu:Nhn vo kt qu phn tch chi tit phong
ph ca Collembola theo tng t thu mu Bng 5-44 cho thy:
Ti Vnh Phc, s lng c th Collembola t thu th nht cao vt tri so
vi hai t thu cn li. C th: trn nn t trng ng /C v ng chuyn gen, s
lng c th thu c t th 2 ch bng 1/4 n 1/8 s lng c th thu t thu
mu th nht. S lng c th thu t th ba bng 1/3 n 1/2 s lng c th t
thu mu th nht. iu ny c th gii thch l do khong thi gian thu mu t t thu
mu th 2 thi tit ma nhiu lm cho t lun trng thi t, y l nguyn nhn
lm gim mt s lng ln c th cc loi Collembola khng thch ng vi trng thi
t ngp nc. Tuy nhin s gim s lng c th Collembola l ng u cc nn
t trng ng /C v ng chuy
n gen. Tng t, ti Ngh An s lng c th
Collembola t thu th nht cao vt tri so vi hai t thu cn li. C th t 1, s
c th ln lt cc ging chuyn gen, chuy n gen tham kho v i chng l 314,
312 v 308 c th; t 2, s c th ln lt l 261, 285 v 264; v t 3 l 190, 184 v
159 c th. Ti k Lk s lng c th Collembola thu mt ln thp nht l 62 c
th (ng 30Y87HR, ln thu th nht) v cao nht t 169 c th ( ng 30Y87H, ln
thu th 2 ). Tnh chung sau 3t thu mu s lng Collembola thp nht ng
chuyn gen tham kho (297 c th) v cao nht ng chuyn gen 30Y87H (357 c
th). Trong 3 t thu mu, s lng Collembola cao nht thu c l t thu th 2,
451 c th, gim dn t thu th 3 (292 c th), thp nht t thu th nht (227 c
th). S sai khc v s lng c th Collembola gia cc t thu mu th hin ngay
cng trong mt l trng ng kho nghim hay ngay gia cc ging ng ca cng mt
nhm (chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho hay i chng). Ti ng Nai s lng c
th Collembola t thu th nht cao hn t thu mu th 2 nhng thp hn t thu
mu th 3. C th t 1, s c th ln lt cc ging chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham
kho v i chng l 450, 212 v 304; t 2 s c th ln lt l 205, 181 v 320; t
3l 693, 412 v 513 c th. So snh s lng c th Collembola chung c 3 t trn
cc ging cng c s khc nhau. l t trng ng chuyn gen thu c 1348 c th,
ng chuyn gen tham kho 805 c th v ng i chng 1137 c th. Nh vy, c s
chnh lch v s lng c th nn t trng ng i chng so vi nn t trng ng
chuyn gen nhng s khc bit ny cng vn mc khng c ngha trong thng k.
Kt qu ny cho thy phong ph loi Collembola cc l th nghim trng ng
trong KNDR c dao ng kh ln. iu ny chng t s bin ng s lng c th
166

 ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho so vi ng i chng khng bt

ngun t nguyn nhn do ng chuyn gen gy ra. Ni cch khc protein Cry1F v
protein EPSPS khng phi l nguyn nhn gy ra s bin ng loi Collembola trong
KNDR. Kt lun ny cng hon ton ph hp vi cc nghin cu ca cc tc gi AlDeeb v cs., 2003; Candolfi v cs., 2004; Ahmad v cs., 2005; Bitzer v cs., 2005, khi
khng nh protein Cry1 khng nh hng n mc phong ph ca ng vt chn
khp b (Collembola) t.
c) Mt trung bnh qun th (con/m2): Ti Vnh Phc, tnh chung sau 3 t thu
mu nn t KNDR ng chuyn gen TC1507 ti Tri Sn xut Ging cy trng V
Di (Bng 5-45): mt trung bnh ca Collembola nn t trng ng i chng l
10867 c th/ m 2; nn t trng ng chuyn gen l 10927 c th/m2 v nn t
trng ng chuyn gen tham kho (stack) l 12787 c th/ m2. Kt qu ny chng t
mc phong ph Collembola nn t trng ng trong KNDR c dao ng kh
ln. Tuy nhin, s chnh lch v s lng c th nn t trng ng i chng so vi
nn t trng ng chuyn gen khng khc bit nhiu ( F 5,14 =0,07, p= 0,95). Ti Ngh
An, mt trung bnh Collembola t trng ng khng chuyn gen thp hn so vi
t trng ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho. Tuy nhin, mc thp hn
ny khng th hin l trng ng i chng khc bit vi l th nghim (F 3,41 =0,06;
p= 0,95). Ti k Lk, mt Collembola trung bnh (con/m2) trong t trng ng
chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v ng i chng ln lt l 2380, 1980 v 2107.
Cui cng, ti ng Nai, tnh chung sau 3 t thu mu cc l trng KNDR ng
chuyn gen TC1507 ti Trung tm Nghin cu Thc nghim Nng nghip Hng Lc
cho thy s lng c th Collembola t gi tr cao nht l trng ng chuyn gen
(1348 c th), thp hn l trng ng i chng (1137 c th) v thp nht l trng
ng chuyn gen tham kho (805 c th). Nh vy, kt qu KNDR ti 4 a im
chng t phong ph ca Collembola cc l th nghim trng ng chuyn gen c
dao ng kh ln. Tuy nhin, gi tr phong ph trn t trng ng chuyn gen
(30Y87H,30Y87HR) vn ch nm khong trn v di so vi ging ng i chng
(30Y87). iu ny chng t s bin ng s lng c th ng chuyn gen v
chuyn gen tham kho so vi ng i chng khng bt ngun t nguyn nhn do ng
chuyn gen gy ra. Ni cch khc l khng phi nh hng do protein Cry1F gy ra.
d) Cc ch s a dng v ch s ng u: Kt qu phn tch s thay i gi tr
cc ch s: ch s Shannon-Weiner (H), v ch s ng u Pielou (J) trnh by
Bng 5-45. Sau 3 t thu mu, gi tr ca ch s a dng H v ch s ng u (J)
gia cc l trng ng chuyn gen vi l trng ng i chng v ng chuyn gen tham
167

kho (stack) tng ng nhau, khng thy c s khc bit (D 0,33 =0,17, p>0,05). C
th nh sau:
+ Vi gi tr H: l i chng c gi tr H= 2.26, 2.29, 2.27 v 2.28. L trng
ng chuyn gen c gi tr H= 2.29, 2.30, 2.26 v 2.27. L trng ng chuyn gen tham
kho (stack): 254, 2.26, 2.30 v 2.30 (ln lt cc im Vnh Phc, Ngh An, k
Lk v ng Nai.
+ Gi tr J ca ng chuyn gen thp hn cht t so vi J ca ng i chng v
ng chuyn gen tham kho (stack).
Phn tch chi tit s thay i cc gi tr ca ch s a dng, ch s ng u trong
tng ln thu mu (Bng 5-46). Cc ch s a dng (H) v ch s ng u (J) theo
tng t thu mu:
+ Gi tr H:
t 1: ln lt l t trng ng chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v ng i
chng ti cc a im l 1.86, 2.05, 1.89 (Vnh Phc); 2.05, 1.71, v 1.69 (ngh An),
2.18, 2.05 v 1.84 (k Lk); 1.41, 1.78 v 1.21 (ng Nai).
t 2: ln lt l t trng ng chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v ng i
chng ti cc a im l 2.85, 2.93, 2.49 (Vnh Phc); 2.05, 1.71, v 1.69 (ngh An),
2.18, 2.05 v 1.84 (k Lk); 1.41, 1.78 v 1.21 (ng Nai).
t 3: ln lt l t trng ng chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v ng i
chng ti cc a im l 5.50, 2.74, 2.41 (Vnh Phc); 1.90, 1.93, v 2.34 (ngh An),
1.96, 2.05 v 2.09 (k Lk); 2.08, 2.04 v 2.15 (ng Nai).
+ Gi tr J:
t 1: ln lt l t trng ng chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v ng i
chng ti cc a im l 0.64, 0.60, 0.57 (Vnh Phc); 0.69, 0.54, v 0.57 (ngh An),
0.88, 0.78 v 0.77 (k Lk); 0.55, 0.72 v 0.49 (ng Nai).
t 2: ln lt l t trng ng chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v ng i
chng ti cc a im l 0.89, 0.84, 0.97 (Vnh Phc); 0.67, 0.58, v 0.56 (ngh An),
0.73, 0.81 v 0.74 (k Lk); 0.59, 0.77 v 0.62 (ng Nai).
t 3: ln lt l t trng ng chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v ng i
chng ti cc a im l 0.73, 0.78, 0.74 (Vnh Phc); 0.66, 0.68, v 0.76 (ngh An),
0.71, 0.72 v 0.79 (k Lk); 0.67, 0.61 v 0.65 (ng Nai).
Sau 3 t thu mu, gi tr ca c 2 ch s, ch s a dng H v ch s ng u
J, cc t trng ng chuyn gen c s tng gim nhiu hn so vi t trng ng i
chng. C th t trng ng chuyn gen 30Y87H c gi tr ch s a dng H' thp hn
cht t so vi t trng ng i chng , nhng gi tr ca ch s ng u J' li cao
hn. So snh cng cho kt qu tng t theo tng cp cc nhm ng (ng i chng
168

vi ng chuyn gen tham kho v ng chuyn gen vi ng chuyn gen tham kho).
Tuy nhin, s tng gim gi tr ca cc ch s ny gia ng i chng vi ng chuyn
gen, v vi ng chuyn gen tham kho l khng ng k (D 0,34 =0,22; p>0,05).

169

Bng 5-44: S lng loi, s c th Collembola trn cc ging ng KNDR theo tng t thu mu ti 4 a im

t thu mu
t 1
t 2
t 3
Chung 3 t

Ch s
S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th
S loi
S c th

(v H Thu, 2011)
a im kho nghim
Vnh Phc
Ngh An
k Lk
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
18
30
28
20
23
19
12
14
11
1159 1176 1004
314
312
308
84
62
81
25
32
23
14
15
11
13
15
13
139
268
173
261
285
264
169
138
144
31
33
26
18
17
22
16
17
14
341
474
453
190
184
159
104
97
91
39
42
37
34
33
35
21
24
22
1639 1918 1630
765
781
731
357
297
316

170

ng Nai
G1
G2
13
12
450
212
21
16
205
181
22
29
693
412
31
33
1348
805

G3
12
304
15
320
28
513
31
1137

Bng 5-45: So snh mt s ch s nh lng Collembola trong t trng ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H Thu, 2011)
Ch s
S loi
Mt TB (con/m2)
Ch s a dng H
Ch s ng u J

Vnh Phc
G1
G2
G3
G1
39
42
37
34
10927 12787 10867 5564
2.54 2.84 2.24 2.26
2.29
2.54
2.26
2.30
0.63
0.62
0.68
0,66

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
ng Nai
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
G1
G2
G3
33
35
21
24
22
31
33
31
5680 5316 2380 1980 2107 8987 5367 7580
2.35 2.6 4.44 3.80 3.38 2.44 1.25 1.16
2.26
2.29
2.26
2.30
2.27
2.27
2.30
2.28
0.65
0.64
0.74
0.72
0.73
0.66
0.66
0.66

171

Bng 5-46: Gi tr ch s a dng H v ch s ng u J theo tng t iu tra trn t trng ng KNDR ti 4 a

im (v H Thu, 2011)
t thu mu
t 1
t 2
t 3
Chung 3 t

Ch s
H
J
H
J
H
J
H
J

G1
1.86
0.64
2.85
0.89
5.50
0.73
2.29
0.62

Vnh Phc
G2
2.05
0.60
2.93
0.84
2.74
0.78
2.54
0.68

G3
1.89
0.57
2.49
0.79
2.41
0.74
2.26
0.63

G1
2.05
0.69
1.77
0.67
1.90
0.66
2.30
0.66

a im kho nghim
Ngh An
k Lk
G2
G3
G1
G2
1.71
1.69
2.18
2.05
0.54
0.57
0.88
0.78
1.58
1.34
1.87
2.20
0.58
0.56
0.73
0.81
1.93
2.34
1.96
2.05
0.68
0.76
0.71
0.72
2.26
2.29
2.26
2.30
0.65
0.64
0.74
0.72

172

G3
1.84
0.77
1.90
0.74
2.09
0.79
2.27
0.73

G1
1.41
0.55
1.81
0.59
2.08
0.67
2.27
0.66

ng Nai
G2
1.78
0.72
2.14
0.77
2.04
0.61
2.30
0.66

G3
1.21
0.49
1.69
0.62
2.15
0.65
2.28
0.66

5.2.3.9 Cc loi Collembola ph bin v u th

Loi u th l loi c s lng c th ring chim 5% tng c th ca l th
nghim. mi sinh cnh c mt tp hp loi u th c trng v tp hp ny thay i
cc sinh cnh. S thay i cc loi u th phn nh s thay i iu kin mi trng
sng. Trong iu kin sng ti u, mang tnh cht t nhin, thng thng cc loi
trong qun x c gi tr s lng c th tng i ng u. Gi tr s lng loi u
th khng vt tri hn so vi cc loi khc. Ngc li, khi iu kin mi trng thay
i, tc ng trc tip n tng c th, sinh vt phi t iu chnh thch ng vi
iu kin sng mi dn n kt qu: mt vi loi b dit vong, mt vi loi khc pht
trin t bin lm thay i tp hp u th trong qun x. Trn c s thay i y,
ngi ta c th phn on qu trnh cng nh chiu hng din th ca s thay i
iu kin mi trng. Loi ph bin l loi c mt 50% tng s mu nh lng
ca l th nghim (Maria Sterzynska, 1990). Kt qu phn tch cc mu t ti 4 a
im trng 3 ging ng kho nghim, ghi nhn c 8 loi Collenbola ph bin v
u th ( Bng 5-47) v phn b ca 8 loi trn 3 ging ng trng 4 a im
(Bng 5-48)
Vnh Phc, ghi nhn 5 loi Collembola ph bin v 6 loi Collembola u th.
Trong s 5 loi Collembola ph bin, c 4 loi Collembola l ph bin trn c nn t
trng ng i chng, chuyn gen v chuyn gen tham kho. l Isotomurus
palustris, Sminthurides aquaticus, Deuterosminthurus pallipes, Cyphoderus javanus,
Xenylla humicola, vi ph bin t 50,00% n 73,33%. Trong th nghim ny,
Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 ch l loi Collembola ph bin nn t trng ng chuyn
gen. Cng trong 5 loi Collembola ph bin trn, Xenylla humicola ng thi l loi
u th c nn t trng ng i chng v ng chuyn gen, vi u th t 5,58%
(ging ng /C) n 29,08% (cng ging ng /C). Nh y,
v nhng loi
Collembola ph bin v u th l trng ng chuyn gen cng l cc loi Collembola
u th v ph bin l trng ng i chng, khng c s sai khc gia hai nn t
nay.
Ngh An, ghi nhn c 3 loi Collembola ph bin v 7 loi Collembola u
th. Trong s 3 loi ph bin c 1 loi ph bin c l trng ng i chng v l
trng ng chuyn gen vi ph bin t 45,46% n 50,91% ( Bng 5-48). 2 loi
Collembola cn li ch ph bin hoc t trng ng i chng ( Sminthurides
aquaticus), hoc t trng ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen tham kho
(Cyphoderus javanus). 3 loi Collembola ph bin trn cng vi Deuterosminthurus
pallipes v Deuterosminthurus sp. 2 l nhng loi u th c hai nn t trng kho
nghim ng vi u th t 6,51% ( ng i chng 30Y87) n 24,93% (cng
173

ging ng i chng 30Y87). Trong 2 loi u thcn li, Sminthurides bothrium,

cng u th t trng ng i chng (30Y87) v t trng ng chuyn gen tham
kho (30Y87HR) vi u th tng ng 13,99% v 11,4%. Ch c loi Isotomurus
palustris ch u th l trng ng chuyn gen (30Y87H) vi u th 5,08%, tuy
nhin loi ny c u th khng ln. Nh vy, ngay c tp hp cc loi Collembola
u th trong t trng ng chuyn gen, chuyn gen tham kho v i chng cng
khng c s khc bit v loi gia cc l t kho nghim 3 ging ng ny.
Ti k Lk, c khu vc KNDR ng chuyn gen Nng trn g Thng Nht,
huyn Krongpak ghi nhn c duy nht 1 loi Collembola ph bin chung cho
cc nn t trng 3 nhm ng kho nghim (30Y87, 30Y87H v 3087HR), vi ph
bin t 51,67% (30Y87HR) n 75,56% (30Y87). C 7 loi Collembola chim u th
l Cryptopygus thermophilus, Sminthurides aquaticus, Sminthurinus victorius,
Cyphoderus javanus, Sminthurides parvulus, Proisotoma submuscicola, Homidia
subcingula. Trong s ny, c 4 loi l u th
c 3 nn t trng ng chuyn gen,
ng chuyn gen tham kho v ng i chng v l 4 loi c c tn u tin
trong s 7 loi nu trn. 3 loi cn li l Sminthurides parvulus, Proisotoma
submuscicola v Homidia subcingula ch chim u th t trng ng chuyn gen v
chuyn gen tham kho. Tuy nhin, c 3 loi ny vi u th khng ln, ch t
5,57% n 12,33%. Nh vy, trn cc l KNDR ng i
t k Lk khng c s khc
bit v tp hp loi Collembola ph bin hay u th l trng ng chuyn gen v
khng chuyn gen.
ng Nai, khu vc trng ng KNDR ti Trung tm Nghin cu Thc nghim
Nng nghip Hng Lc. Ghi nhn duy nht 1 loi Collembola ph bin v 7 loi
Collembola u th. Loi ph bin duy nht ghi nhn l ph bin c 3 nhm ng
kho nghim, vi ph bin t 50,0% (30Y87H) n 51, 67% (30Y87HR v
30Y87). Deuterosminthurus sp. 1 l loi u th tt c cc l th nghim trng ng
kho nghim vi u th t 5,28% (30Y87) n 23,11% (30Y87HR). Duy nht loi
Cyphoderus javanus ch u th l trng ng chuyn gen tham kho (30Y87HR) vi
u th khng ln, ch 6,96%. Nh vy, nhng loi Collembola ph bin v u th
l trng ng chuyn gen cng l cc loi Collembola u th v ph bin cc l
trng ng i chng v chuyn gen tham kho.

174

Bng 5-47: Tn cc loi Collembola ph bin v u th trong t trng ng

KNDR ti 4 a im (v H Thu, 2011)
K hiu loi
Loi 1
Loi 2
Loi 3
Loi 4
Loi 5
Loi 6
Loi 7
Loi 8
Loi 9

Tn loi
Isotomurus palustris
Sminthurides aquaticus
Deuterosminthurus pallipes
Deuterosminthurus sp. 1
Cyphoderus javanus
Xenylla humicola
Proisotoma tenella
Cryptopygus thermophilus
Seira oligomacrochaeta

175

Bng 5-48: Cc loi Collembola ph bin v u th trong t trng ng KNDR ti 4 a im (v H Thu, 2011)
im

Ging
G1

Vnh
Phc

G2
G3
G1

Ngh An
G2
G3
G1
k Lk
G2
G3
G1
ng
Nai

G2

UT/PB (%)

Loi 1

UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB
UT
PB

19.70
53.30
23.10
55.00
20.12
63.33
5.08

11.28
9.57

Loi 2

Loi 3

Loi 4

12.60
60.00
11.11
65.00
13.07
55.00
19.90

22.00
24.93
43.64

23.30
16.34

51.67
5.58
65.00
9.83
50.91
7.58
43.64
6.51

18.38

5.57

6.13

6.96

18.90

7.40

6.30

21.40

6.39

6.71

21.10
50.91
16.90
47.27

16.39

8.23

13.91

10.68

173

6.10
50.00

Loi 6

25.20
71.70
19.29
73.33
29.08
70.00
22.70

18.84
50.00
16.16
51.67

11.10
63.30
13.87
50.00
9.51

Loi 5

6.96

Loi 7

Loi 8

Loi 9

10.60

6.69
8.62
10.80
7.76

20.85

37.05
58.33
23.01
51.67
32.30
75.56
8.38

16.15

9.44

12.33

im

Ging
G3

UT/PB (%)

Loi 1

UT
PB

11.61

Loi 2

19.17
51.67

Loi 3

12.84

174

Loi 4

5.28

Loi 5

Loi 6

Loi 7

19.96

Loi 8

15.57

Loi 9

Kt qu sau mt v trng kho nghim din rng cc ng chuyn gen (30Y87H,

30Y87HR) v ng i chng khng chuyn gen (30Y87) 4 a im kho nghim
i din 4 vng trng ng chnh ti Vit nam (Vnh Phc, Ngh An, Bun Ma Thut,
ng Nai) nhn thy:
- Ng chuyn gen ch a protein Cry1F khng lm nh hng n qun th
Collembola trong t trng ng. C th khng thy c s sai khc c ngha v thnh
phn loi, phn b, s lng loi v mc phong ph loi Collembola gia cc
ging ng trng kho nghim (ng i chng; ng chuyn gen v ng chuyn gen
tham kho). Kt lun, ng chuyn gen tuy c cha protein Cry1F (B.t) nhng khng
c hay khng gy nh hng n qun th Collembola, hoc lng protein Cry1F
khng c hoc c nhng vi lng rt thp trong t trng kho nghim, khng gy
cht Collembola.
- Khng pht hi
n thy nh hng no n cc hot ng sinh hc ca
Collembola trong t. Cc kt qu nghin cu trn cng ph hp kt qu t mt s
nghin cu khc trn th gii, l cy trng chuyn gen cry1 khng nh hng n
cc loi Collembola trong t trng cy chuyn gen ny. Tc gi Yu v cs. (1997) ghi
nhn c t ca Cryp1Ab v Cryp1Ac khng nh hng n Folsomina candida
Willem (Collembola: Isotomidae); Sims v Martin (1997) kh
ng nh khng c nh
hng c no ca Cryp1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry2A v Cry3A n hai loi Collembola l
Folsomia candida Willem v Xenylla grisea Axelson.
- Tnh chung c 3 t thu mu nh lng Collembola, s lng c th, mt
trung bnh (con/m2), gi tr ca cc ch s a dng H v ch s ng u J ca l
kho nghim ng chuyn gen, ng chuyn gen tham kho v ng i chng khng c
s khc bit.
- Tp hp Collembola u th gia cc l t trng ng i chng, ng chuyn
gen v chuyn gen tham kho (stack) c nhiu im chung v khng c nhiu s sai
khc.
5.2.4 Kt lun s b kt qu KNDR
Kt qu thu c t kho nghim din rng ng chuyn gen event TC1507 ti
4 a im i din 4 vng trng ng chnh ca Vit nam cho thy:

173

Kt qu kim tra protein Cry1F khng nh vic b tr c c cng thc kho

nghim l hon ton chnh xc, ging tham gia kho nghim ng l nhng ging
c cp php KNDR.
Kt qu nh gi cc c tnh nng sinh hc ca 3 ging ng KNDR cho
thy chng c c im hon ton ging nhau. Ti nhng im c p lc su t nhin
ln, cc ging chuyn gen cho nng sut cao hn hn so vi ging i chng khng
chuyn gen.
Kh nng mm/khng mt s su bnh hi chnh ca 3 ging ng trong
KNDR l khng khc nhau. Ti cc im trng kho nghim c p lc su t nhin
ln 2 ging ng chuyn gen th hin c tnh khng cao c bit l khng su c
thn.
S lng loi chn khp pht hin c trn ging ng nn (30Y87) v 2
ging ng chuyn gen (30Y87H, 30Y87HR) l khng c s khc bit.
Ch s u th Simpsons D trn c 3 ging kho nghim l tng ng
nhau. Ch s ny trn c 4 im kho nghim u rt thp v c s khc bit nhng
mc khng c ngha thng k.
Ch s a dng ShannonH cc ging ng kho nghim u t gi tr kh
cao v khng khc bit (p < 0.05). Cc gi tr ghi nhn c ca ch s a dng H v
ch s u th D trn nhng ging ng KNDR hon ton lgic. Kt qu ny chng t
trong sinh qun cc ging ng kho nghim khng c loi chn khp no pht trin
vi s lng ni tri, chim u th hn cc loi khc trong sinh qun c th gy
mt cn bng sinh thi.
Ng chuyn gen tuy c cha protein Cry1F (Bt) nhng khng c , khng
nh hng n Collembola thu mu; hoc lng protein Cry1F khng c hoc c
trong t trng kho nghim l rt thp, khng gy cht Collembola. Kt lun ng
chuyn gen event TC1507 khng nh hng n Collembola l da trn c s khng
c s khc bit v thnh phn loi, phn b, s lng loi v mc phong ph loi
Collembola trong cc nn t trng cc ging ng KNDR.
S lng c th, mt trung bnh (con/m2), gi tr ca cc ch s a dng H
v ch s ng u J ca qun th Collembola trong cc nn t trng cc ging ng
chuyn gen, ng chuyn gen tham kho (stack) v ng i chng khng c s khc
bit mc thng k c ngha.
Tp hp Collembola ph bin v u th gia cc l t trng ng i chng,
ng chuyn gen v chuyn gen tham kho (stack) c nhiu im chung v khng c
nhiu s khc bit.

174

D LIU KH HU CHNH TI CC A IM V BIN PHP QUN

L KHO NGHIM

6.1 D liu thi tit kh hu trong thi gian kho nghim

6.1.1 D liu thi tit kh hu trong thi gian KNHC(ti Vn Giang)
Cc thng s chnh v kh hu ghi nhn trong thi gian KNHC (2 v kho
nghim lin tip ti Vn Giang) c th hin trong Bng 6-1 v Hnh 6-1. S liu
cho thy: trong v 1 (t 31/7 31/10/2010) m trung bnh, nhit trung bnh v
cng nh sng trung bnh cao hn hn so vi v th 2 (gieo ht t 27/10/2010
thu hoch 24/3/2011). iu kin kh hu tc ng n cc ch tiu o c nhng nhn
chung cc d liu thu c v xut hin ca cn trng khng ch ch, thin ch;
xut hin v mc gy hi ca su hi v bnh chnh; cng nh v mc a dng
sinh hc trn c ng chuyn gene event TC1507 v ng i chng l tng ng
nhau.

Bng 6-1:Nhit , m v cng nh sng trung bnh trong cc thng

KNHC ng ti Vn Giang (2010 2011)
Thi
gian
7/2010
8/2010
9/2010
10/2010
11/2010
12/2010
1/2011
2/2011
3/2011

m (%)
Sng (8h) Chiu (14h)
76.5
76.6
77.6
77.9
81.9
81.6
61.7
61.5
60.5
60.4
46.2
46.6
44.9
44.6
80.2
80.7
83.0
83.5

Nhit (oC)
Sng (8h) Chiu (14h)
34.9
35.6
33.4
34.5
32.8
33.8
23.1
23.2
22.5
22.6
20.2
20.2
13.5
13.5
19.5
19.6
21.8
21.4

175

Cng AS (lux)
Sng (8h) Chiu (14h)
65103.2
81464.5
82590.0
88460.0
85420.0
84620.0
46556.7
48614.2
47751.9
49826.1
48645.2
49383.9
11495.7
11488.0
8418.2
8413.2
8474.4
8420.4

Hnh 6-1: m, Nhit v Cng nh sng trung bnh trong cc thng

kho nghim ng ti Vn Giang

176

6.1.2 D liu thi tit kh hu trong thi gian KNDR (ti 4 a im)
Trong thi gian KNDR cc s liu thi tit chnh nh nhit , m ti rung
kho nghim u c thu thp v ghi chp li. Kt qu ghi trong Bng 6-2 v Bng
6-3; Hnh 6-2 v Hnh 6-3.
Bng 6-2: Nhit trung bnh trong cc thng trong KNDR ti 4 a im (oC)
a im
Vnh Phc
Ngh An
k Lk
ng Nai

TG
theo do
8h
14h
8h
14h
8h
14h
8h
14h

Nhit TB cc thng kho nghim

Thng 5 Thng 6 Thng 7 Thng 8
Ghi ch
32.82
30.87
32.68
32.05
nh hng bi lc xoy
35.53
33.37
35.77
35.64
17/7/2011
32.82
30.87
32.68
32.05
nh hng bi bo s 2,
35.53
33.37
35.77
35.64
ngp cht din tch KN
23.59
23.46
22.96
22.76
29.53
28.01
28.03
28.00
27.00
26.72
26.98
27.72
29.18
28.68
28.03
28.62

Bng 6-3: m trung bnh trong cc thng kho nghim ti 4 a im (%)

a im
Vnh Phc
Ngh An
k Lc
ng Nai

TG theo
di
8 h
14h
8 h
14h
8 h
14h
8 h
14h

Thng 5
65.00
59.82
65.00
59.82
78.27
75.33
73.82
75.55

m TB cc thng kho nghim

Thng 6 Thng 7 Thng 8
Ghi ch
60.57
58.16
58.36
54.97
53.58
55.05
60.57
58.16
58.31
54.97
53.58
55.05
75.46
78.29
77.67
73.45
75.12
74.23
75.70
75.81
74.90
73.37
71.84
70.45

177

Nhit trung bnh trong cc thng kho nghim ti 4 im

40

35

30

25

Thng 5

20

Thng 6
Thng 7
Thng 8

15

10

0
Sng

Chiu

Vnh Phc

Sng

Chiu

Sng

Ngh An

Chiu

Sng

k Lc

Chiu
ng Nai

Hnh 6-2: Nhit trung bnh ti 4 a im KNDR

80
70
60
50

Thng 5

40

Thng 6

30

Thng 7

20

Thng 8

10
0
Sng

Chiu

Vnh Phc

Sng

Chiu

Sng

Ngh An

Chiu

k Lc

Sng

Chiu

ng Nai

Hnh 6-3: m trung bnh trong cc thng tai 4 a im KNDR

178

Bng 6-4: Cy trng v trc trn nn t KNDR

a im kho nghim

Cy trng v trc

Loi t

Tri Sn xut Ging cy trng V

Di, Vnh Phc
HTX Phong Thnh, Thanh Chng,
Ngh An
Nng trng Thng Nht, Krong
Pak, k Lk
TT Nghin cu thc nghim Nng
nghip Hng Lc, Trng Bom,
ng Nai

u tng - v Xun
H
Ng - v Xun H

t tht nng

Ng - ma ma nm
2010
Sn nm 2010

t ph sa ven sng
Nam
t bazan
t

- Ti Vnh Phc: t trng u tng ti giai on cy c qu xanh, gii ta

sau trng ng KNDR.
- Ti Ngh An: t trng ng v Xun H, gii ta din tch trng kho
nghim v khu vc xung quanh bn knh 200 m nhm m bo cch ly khng gian.
- Ti k Lk: ma ma nm 2010 trng ng. Sau thu hoch ng, t trng
qua ma kh. 17/5/2011 trng ng KNDR (ma ma 2011)
- Ti ng nai: ma ma nm 2010 trng sn. Sau thu hoch sn, t trng
qua ma kh. 20/5/2011 trng ng KNDR (ma ma 2011).
Nh vy, cy trng trn nn t trc KNDR ng chuyn gen event TC1507 tng
a im kho nghim l c khc nhau. Thm vo , iu kin thi tit kh hu ca
tng vng cng khc nhau. Cc yu t ny, c bit l yu t thi tit c th phn no
nh hng n kt qu chung khi so snh kt qu kho nghim gia cc v, cc vng
sinh thi khc nhau.

179

6.2 Qun l kho nghim (nh minh ha trong Ph lc 3)

6.2.1 Qun l kho nghim trong KNHC
- Qun l vn chuyn ht ging: tt c cc ht ging chuyn gen u c cung cp
bi Cng ty TNHH Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit nam. Vic nhp khu, vn chuyn u tun
th cc yu cu v ghi nhn, ch r ngi chu trch nhim, a ch v s in thoi
lin lc. Nhng ht ging ny c chuyn ti Vin Di truyn Nng nghip tun th
mi quy nh v vn chuyn vt liu bin i gen. S ht gieo tha c bo qun
trong t c kha ca cng ty TNHH Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam (Ph lc 1 mc 6.2
v lu trong h s).
- a im kho nghim: c hng ro ngn chn s t hm nhp ca cc loi ng
vt v ngi khng phn s (hnh nh khu kho nghim trong Ph lc 3). C chi
canh gc 24/24 h; 7 ngy/tun m bo nhng ngi khng phn s khng c ra
vo khu kho nghim.
- Vnh ai bo v: Trng 4 hng ng 30Y87 gi ng nn (/C khng chuyn
gen) xung quanh rung kho nghim.
- Cch ly v thi gian v khng gian: a im kho nghim c kho st
trc khi gieo, m bo tun th s cch ly v thi gian trc hoc sau ngy gieo ti
thiu l 25 ngy so vi cc rung ng trng xung quanh v vi bn knh cch ly ti
thiu 200 mt.
- Bin php phng trnh ri ro cho cn b tham gia kho nghim:
+ Trang b bo h lao ng nh ng, gng tay, khu trang v qun o bo h.
+ Tp hun k thut v vic tun th qun l ri ro theo ng thng th 69 ca
B NN&PTNT v ngh inh 69 ca Chnh ph trc mi kho nghim (trong phng)
v trong thi gian kho nghim (ngoi ng rung) (Ph lc 3).
- Gieo trng: Gieo bng tay, theo hng, mi hc gieo 2 ht. m bo ng u v
su lp t, khong cch v mt . S ht ging s dng cho KNHC c gieo
trng ht, ht tha c tiu hy ngay (o h chn ngay trong khu kho nghim) .
Tin hnh tiu hy theo ng quy nh An ton Sinh hc theo thng t 69/2009/TTBNNPTNT.
- Kim sot mt : Khi 50% s cy t giai on V2-V4 (khong 12-15 ngy sau
trng). Cc l th nghim c ta tha nhm m bo ng mt , khong cch th
nghim, bng cch nh b nhng cy yu. Thu gom nhng cy nh v tiu hy
180

theo hng dn trong thng t 69/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 27 thng 10 nm 2009

ca B NN&PTNT. Vic kim sot mt nhm m bo 1 cy/hc (vi tt c cc
ging KNHC).
- Chm sc, bn phn, ti nc: Cc yu t phi th nghim c tin hnh ng
u trn tt c cc ging, trong l kho nghim, cho c hai v KNHC.
- Thu hoch v qun l ng rung sau thu hoch: Kho nghim c thu hoch
khi cy ng chn sinh l (khong 100 - 110 ngy tnh t khi gieo). Sau khi thu ton b
ng bp, o m cc ch tiu nng hc. Ton b bp ng, bao gm c ng /C v ng
bp ca hng bo v, c tiu hy bng luc chn v chn su. Tt c thn, r cy v
cc vt liu khc (bao gm c h ng bo v ) c t ti rung. Mi hot ng lin
quan n thu hoch u c gim st bi i din c quan qun l nh nc, Hi
ng An ton Sinh hc v c lu trong h s kho nghim theo ng quy nh ti
Ph lc 6.3 ca Thng t 69/2009/TT-B NNPTNT (bin bn km trong Ph lc 2).
Rung kho nghim c x l bng cch cy ngay sau khi thu hoch v c
ti cho m nhm thc y s ny mm v sinh trng ca cc ng mc t do.
Qu trnh theo di rung sau kho nghim c tin hnh 7 -10 ngy /ln. Tt c cc
cy ng mc ln tm thy trong a im KNHC c m, nh b v tiu hy. Quy
trnh theo di ny c nhc li cho n khi khng tm thy bt k cy ng mc t do.
Ton b qu trnh theo di v qun l sau thu hoch c lu trong h s kho
nghim (Ph lc 2) theo mu quy nh ti Ph lc 6.4 ca Thng t 69/2009/TT-B
NNPTNT.
- Lu tr v qun l h s kho nghim: Tt c cc hot ng din ra trong qu
trnh KNHC, t khi trin khai nhp khu ging n khi kt thc kho nghim u tun
th theo Giy php kho nghim ca B NN&PTNT. ng thi c lu trong h s
kho nghim theo cc mu quy nh ti Thng t 69/2009/TT-B NNPTNT v kho
nghim nh gi ri ro cy trng bin i gen, v Ngh nh 69/2010/N-CP v an
ton sinh hc i vi sinh vt bin i gen, mu vt di truyn v sn phm ca sinh
vt bin i gen.
- Cc thc hnh qun l canh tc khc: Tun theo hng d n nh gi kh
o
nghim ca Cc Trng trt B NN&PTNN.

181

6.3 Qun l ri ro trong KNDR

6.3.1 Vt liu ht ging chuyn gene s dng trong kho nghim
Vt liu ht ging chuyn gen s dng trong kho nghim:
-

30Y87H (TC1507; ng Bt khng su hi b cnh vy)

30Y87HR, /C tham kho (stack TC1507xNK603; ng Bt khng su hi b
cnh vy v khng thuc tr c glyphosate)

Vt liu ht ging khng chuyn gen s dng trong kho nghim: i chng khng
chuyn gen (ging nn 30Y87)
Tt c cc ht ging chuyn gen u c cung cp bi Cng ty TNHH
Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam. Vic nhp khu, vn chuyn u tun th cc yu cu v
ghi nhn ch r ngi chu trch nhim, a ch v s in thoi lin lc (Ph lc 2).
Nhng ht ging ny c chuyn cho Vin Di truyn Nng nghip sau a i cc
im kho nghim. Vic nhp khu, vn chuyn u tun th theo cc quy nh v
vn chuyn vt liu bin i gen. S ht ging gieo tha c tiu hy ti rung kho
nghim bng cch o h su 50cm v chn lp ngay.
6.3.2

Qun l cch ly

a) Qun l cch ly sinh sn i vi cc rung ng khc xung quanh khu vc kho

nghim c duy tr bng mt trong cc phng php sau:
- Cch ly khng gian: trong khong cch 200m bn knh xung quanh rung
kho nghim khng c trng ng trc hoc sau 25 ngy tin hnh gieo kho ging
kho nghim.
- Cch ly thi gian: thi gian gieo ht s c trin khai trc hoc sau cc
rung ng xung quanh im kho nghim ti thiu 25 ngy m bo thi gian tr
c, phun ru ca rung kho nghim khng b trng vi thi gian tr c, phun ru
trn cc rung ng truyn thng xung quanh.
a) Qun l cch ly chng xm nhp ca cc i tng khng tham gia vo khu
kho nghim: lm hng ro bo v v li phng trnh xm nhp ca gia sc,
chim, chut vv. Ngoi ra cn c chi canh vob v 24/24 gi/ngy bo m
khng c
s xm nhp ca cc i tng khng mong mun vo khu vc kho
nghim.
b) Qun l cch ly chng tht thot vt liu kho nghim: Rung kho nghim c
182

ro li bo v nghim ngt v c cc rnh thot nc , li ngn mt li nh 2mm

phng trnh tht thot vt liu ra mi trng. Cy con sau ta tha c chn ngay
trong khu kho nghim (tng t trong KNHC).
c) Tp hun cho cn b v nhng ngi tham gia kho nghim:
+ Trang b bo h lao ng nh ng, gng tay, khu trang v qun o bo h.
+ Tp hun k thut v vic tun th qun l ri ro theo ng thng th 69 ca
B Nng nghip v ngh inh 69 ca Chnh ph trc khi kho nghim (trong phng)
v trong thi gian KNDR (ngoi ng rung).
6.3.3 Thu hoch v qun l ng rung sau thu hoch
- Trc khi thu hoch, Vin Di truyn Nng nghip thng bo n ngi chu
trch nhim theo di, gim st ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn, S Nng
nghip, S ti nguyn Mi trng ca cc a phng tham gia kho nghim v thi
gian thu hoch. Khi thu hoch lun c s gim st v hin din ca cn b nghin cu
Vin Di truyn Nng nghip; i din gim st B Nng nghip; cc s Ti nguyn
mi trng v S Nng nghip ca cc a phng v nhn vin c trch nhim i
vi kho nghim nh gi ri ro ca n v ng k kho nghim.
- Thu hoch c tin hnh tng mt. Sau khi thu hoch to n b cc cy
hng bo v, thu hoch c ghi nhn v thu thp s liu nh phn phng php th
nghim m t.
- Vin Di truyn Nng nghip v cc n v phi hp kho nghim c trch
nhim kim tra k m bo khng cn bt c cy ng chuyn gene cng nh cy
trng cng loi cn tn ti trong th nghim trc khi ri a im kho nghim.
- Thnh vin tham gia, thi gian bt u v kt thc thu hoch c ghi chi tit
trong s theo di v cc ph lc theo qui nh.
- Kho nghim c thu hoch khi cy ng chn sinh l, khong 95-100 ngy
tnh t khi gieo. Ton b sn phm ng thu hoch ti rung kho nghim s c cam
kt s dng theo ng quy nh trong giy php kho nghim.
6.3.4

Qun l v x l i vi cc trng hp pht tn ngu nhin

- Loi b hon ton cy/vt liu chuyn gen trong qu trnh v sinh khu kho
nghim.
- Tt c cc thit b dng cho ht ging hay dng ni kho nghim c lau
chi sch s trc khi a vo s dng ni tin hnh kho nghim, bao gm ht
ging v cc vt liu cy trng c th c trc khi tin hnh kho nghim. Tt c cc
183

thit b s dng trong kho nghim v thu hoch c v sinh sch s trc khi a
n ni kho nghim loi b cc vt liu cy chuyn gen c th em vo hay tht
thot ra ngoi khi vn chuyn. Cc phng php lau chi c th bao gm lm sch
bng tay, nn kh, ht chn khng cc ht cn st li hay xt nc p lc cao.Vt liu
thu c c tiu hu v ghi nhn trong s theo di kho nghim.
- Ngi qun l kho nghim, gim st khu kh
o nghim v vng m xung
quanh khng tn ti cc cy trng khng mong mun trn rung kho nghim, bao
gm cc cy mc hoang. Cc cy ny b loi b bng cch t trc khi ra hoa.Ngi
qun l khu kho nghim theo di khu vc kho nghim t nht 7-10 ngy/ln trong
thi gian t khi thu hoch n khi khng cn cy ng no mc trn khu t kho
nghim, ghi nhn cc cy cn hn ch mc trong khu kho nghim v tiu hy ngay
trong khu vc kho nghim.
- Tt c vt liu trong kho nghim u c tiu hu, k c hng bo v. Rung
kho nghim phi c cy li ngay sau khi kt thc kho nghim vi s kim tra,
gim st ca nhng thnh vin tham gia thu hoch.

6.3.5

Qun l, ghi chp h s t liu

- H s t liu lin quan n ng chuyn gen c bo mt trong nhm cng tc,

tuyt i khng cung cp cho bn th 3 khi cha c s ng ca Vin Di truyn
Nng nghip v n v ng k kho nghim l Cng ty Pioneer Hi-Bred Vit Nam.
- H s t liu c qun l cht ch, giao cho ngi ph trch kho nghim
chnh l TS Phm Th Lin Ph gim c Trung tm T hc nghim Sinh hc Nng
nghip Cng ngh cao, Vin Di truyn Nng nghip. Tt c cc hot ng (nh ngy,
gi t by, quan st, cc lu lc quan st, vv) c ghi nhn ng lc, chnh xc v
bng mc trong sut qu trnh thc hin th nghim.
- Tt c cng thc th nghim s c ghi ngy trng, k tn bi ngi trng.
Tt cc cc ghi nhn hot ng, phiu thu nhn thng tin, v cc lu lc quan st s
gi v ngi chu trch nhim chnh kho nghim khi kt thc kho nghim. H s
c ct gi trong t c kho. H s ti liu bao gm:
+ S nht k kho nghim
+ Nht k ra, vao khu kho nghim
+ S s liu th thu thp trong khi kho nghim
+ Cc ph lc theo di

184

6.3.6 Tiu hy sn phm v vt liu di truyn bin i gen

Ton b sn phm sau thu hoch bao gm thn cy ng v bp ng c tiu
hu theo ng quy nh hin hnh ca Vit Nam. Cc bin php tin hnh bao gm:
chn, nghin nt lm ri rc ra rung sau cy lp, vv... (Bng 5-5; nh trong Ph
lc 3). Rung kho nghim c qun l sau thu hoch theo ng quy nh ti ngh
nh 69/2010/NCP v cc qui nh hin hnh c lin quan khc.
Tm li: Trong qu trnh kho nghim tun th theo ng hng dn ti Thng t
69/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 27/10/2009 v Quy nh kho nghim nh gi ri ro
i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng ca ging cy trng bin i gen. Ngh nh
s 69/2010/N-CP ngy 21/6/2010 v an ton sinh hc i vi sinh vt bin i gen,
mu vt di truyn v sn phm ca sinh vt bin i gen.
Chnh v vy, qu trnh kho nghim (c KNHC v KNDR) khng b bt k ri
ro ng tic nh hng n kt qu kho nghim, n sc khe nhng ngi tham gia
kho nghim v khng c bt c vt liu chuyn gen no tht thot ra khi khu vc
kho nghim m khng c qun l.

185

Bng 6-5: Phng php tiu hy vt liu trong khu vc KNDR ti 4 a im

kho nghim (v H Thu, 2011)
Lng ht
tiu hy (tn)

a im kho nghim

Phng php tiu hy

Tri Sn xut Ging cy

trng V Di, Vnh Phc

- Bp: nghin nh, rc ra rung

- Cy: t cng vi ht, sau cy vi, lp
- Cc vt liu khc: t

6,2

HTX Phong Thinh, huyn

Thanh Chng, Ngh An

- Bp: trn vi vi bt, chn

- Cy :t
- Cc vt liu khc: t
- Bp: nghin nh, chn
- Cy: t cng vi ht, sau cy vi, lp
- Cc vt liu khc: t

5,3

Nng trng Thng Nht,

Krong Pak, k Lk

TT Nghin cu thc
nghim Nng nghip Hng
Lc, Trng Bom, ng Nai

- Bp: trn vi vi bt, chn

- Cy :t
- Cc vt liu khc: t

186

10,5

7,1

Bng 6-6: Lch trnh cc on thuc c quan qun l tham gia kim tra gim st kho nghim

TT

Ni dung

Thi gian

a im

1.

Gim st khi gieo ht

v 1

31/7/2010

Trm

2.

Gim st thu hoch v

tiu hy vt liu bin
i gen

31/10/2010

Trm
Vn Giang

3.

Gim st gieo ht v 2

3/11/2010

4.

Gim st thu hoch v

tiu hy vt liu bin
i gen

24/3/2011

Trm
Vn Giang
Trm Vn
Giang

5.

Gim st gieo ht ti
Vnh Phc

7/5/2011

Vnh Phc

6.

Gim st gieo ht ti
Ngh An

13/5/2011

Ngh An

Vn Giang

Thnh phn
(tn c th cn b tham d)

Loi hnh
kho nghim

ng: Nguyn Vn Tut - CT HATSH

B: Kiu Anh - Cc BTDSH - B TNMT
ng: Nguyn Vn Cn - phng TNMT huyn VG
ng: Nguyn Vn Tut- CT HATSH
ng: L Huy Hm - PCT HATSH
B: Kiu Anh - Cc BTDSH - B TNMT
ng: Nguyn Vn Cn - phng TNMT huyn VG
ng Phm Vn Ton - HATSH
B: Kiu Anh - Cc BTDSH - B TNMT
ng: Nguyn Vn Cn - Phng TNMT huyn VG
ng Nguyn Vn Tut - CT HATSH
B: Kiu Anh - Cc BTDSH - B TNMT
ng: Nguyn Vn Cn - Phng TNMT huyn VG
ng: Phm Vn Ton - HATSH
ng: Nguyn Hu Khang -V KHCN&MT B
NN&PTNT
B: Kiu Anh - Cc BTDSH - B TNMT
ng: Nguyn Vn Dng - PG s NN Vnh Phc
B Trn Bch Thy - S Ti nguyn MT VP
ng: Phm Vn Ton - HATSH
ng: Nguyn Kim - S NN tnh Ngh An
ng: Nguyn Sn - S TNMT Ngh An

Hn ch, v 1

191

Hn ch, v 2

Din rng, 4
vng sinh Thi

Thnh phn
(tn c th cn b tham d)

Ni dung
Gim st gieo ht ti
k lc
Gim st gieo ht ti
ng Nai

Thi gian
17/5/2011

a im
k Lk

20/5/2011

ng Nai

ng: Dng Hoa X - HATSH

ng: Trn Hoi n - S NN tnh ng Nai
ng: Mai Thanh Lm - phng TNMT huyn Trng Bom

9.

Gim st thu hoch v

tiu hy vt liu bin
i gen ti Vnh Phc

13/8/2011

Vnh Phc

10.

Gim st thu hoch v

tiu hy vt liu bin
i gen ti Ngh An

22/8/2011

Ngh An

11.

Gim st thu hoch v

tiu hy vt liu bin
i gen ti k Lk

26/8/2011

k Lk

12.

Gim st thu hoch v

tiu hy vt liu bin
i gen ti ng Nai

29/8/2011

ng Nai

ng: Nguyn Hu Khang -V KHCN&MT, B

NN&PTNN
ng: Phm Vn Ton - HATSH
B: Kiu Anh - Cc BTDSH - B TNMT
ng: Nguyn Vn Dng - PG s NN Vnh Phc
B: Trn Bch Thy - S Ti nguyn MT VP
ng: Nguyn Hu Khang -V KHCN&MT, B
NN&PTNN
ng: Nguyn Kim - S NN tnh Ngh An
ng: Nguyn Sn - S TNMT Ngh An
ng: Phm Vn Ton - HATSH
ng: Nguyn Hu Khang -V KHCN&MT, B
NN&PTNN
B: Nguyn Th Thanh Hng - S TNMT k Lk
ng: Nguyn Hong Anh - S NN tnh k Lk
ng: Dng Hoa X - HATSH
ng: Phm Vn Ton - HATSH
ng: Nguyn Hu Khang -V KHCN&MT, B
NN&PTNN
ng: Trn Hoi n - S NN tnh ng Nai
ng: Mai Thanh Lm - Phng TNMT huyn Trng Bom

TT
7.
8.

B: Nguyn Th Thanh Hng - S TNMT k Lk

ng: Nguyn Hong Anh - S NN tnh k Lk

192

Loi hnh
kho nghim

KT LUN V NGH

7.1 Kt lun
Trn c s k t qu kho nghim ng bin i gen event TC1507 trong kho
nghim hn ch 2 v lin tip ti Vn Giang - Hng Yn, kho nghim din rng ng
chuyn gen event TC1507 c trin khai ti 4 a im khc nhau, i din 4 vng
trng ng chnh ti Vit Nam (Vnh Phc, Ngh An, k Lk v ng Nai). Kt qu
kho nghim cho php a ra nhng kt lun sau:
1.

Ton b qu trnh thc hin KNHC v KNDR c trin khai theo ng cc

qui trnh c ph duyt bi Hi ng An ton Sinh hc B Nng nghip
v Pht trin Nng thn. Tun th cht ch v y cc qui nh hin hnh v
yu cu iu kin kho nghim nh a im, thi gian, qui m kho nghim ,
n v thc hin kho nghim vv

2.

Ton b qu trnh thc hin KNHC v KNDR tuyt i tun th theo ng

hng dn ti Thng t 69/2009/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 27/10/2009 v Quy nh
kho nghim nh gi ri ro i vi a dng sinh hc v mi trng ca ging
cy trng bin i gen ; Ngh nh s 69/2010/N-CP ngy 21/6/2010 V an
ton sinh hc i vi sinh vt bin i gen, mu vt di truyn v sn phm ca
sinh vt bin i gen; v cc quy nh hin hnh khc c lin quan i vi yu
cu gim st, qun l ri ro trong kho ngh im ging cy trng BG ca Vit
Nam

3.

Cc phng php, k thut thc hin KNHC v KNDR m bo tnh khoa hc,
minh bch, chnh xc v u c cng b, s dng rng ri ti Vit Nam
v/hoc trn th gii. Cc s li u thu thp t KNHC v KNDR v cng b
trong bo co l khch quan, trung thc, chnh xc, minh bch v hon ton
ng tin cy.

4.

Da trn cc ghi nhn v cc ch s a dng qun th sinh vt khng ch ch;

cc s liu thnh phn, s lng loi, phn b v mc phong ph b ui
bt Collembola (trong t v trn lp t mt); s liu v mt , s a dng
cc loi chn khp i din cho cc nhm cn trng ch th ng vai tr quan
193

trng trong chui thc n (cc loi su hi NTOs, cc loi b ra n tht vv)
kt lun ng event TC1507 khng gy nh hng bt li ti sinh vt khng ch
ch trong iu kin kho nghim Vit Nam.
5.

Khng c nguy c tri/pht tn gen t ng TC1507 sang cc sinh vt khc. L

do: (1) Vit Nam khng c cc loi ng hoang c ng uy c xy ra hin lai
khc loi; (2) kt qu m tnh i vi tt c cc mu t l /C (ging nn) tt
c cc v/vng kho nghim.

6.

Trn c s tng ng v cc c tnh nng sinh hc, mc mn/khng i

vi cc loi bnh, su hi khng ch ch chnh trn ng gia cc ging ng
BG v ng i ch ng trong KNHC v KNDR. Kt lun ng event TC1507
khng c nguy c tr thnh c di hay nguy c lan trn xm ln mi trng t
nhin Vit Nam.

7.

Ng event TC1507 c cp php s dng lm thc phm/thc n gia sc

ti 16 nc; c trng thng mi ti 7 nc; v c chng minh an ton
i vi mi trng ti 6 nc khc nhau trn th gii (Bng 2-4). Qu trnh
KNHC v KNDR t i Vit Nam cng khng h ghi nhn bt c du hiu bt
thng, hay khc bit gia cc ging ng BG v ng /C . Chng t ng
TC1507 khng gy nguy c tr thnh dch hi, khng l nguyn nhn nh
hng tiu cc i vi mi trng v cc h sinh thi Vit Nam.

194

7.2 ngh
T cc kt qu kho nghim hn ch 2 v lin tip v kho nghim din rng ti
4 a im i din 4 vng sinh thi trng ng chnh ca Vit Nam nh gi ri ro
i vi an ton sinh hc v mi trng ca ng chuyn gen event TC1507, khng
nhn thy c bt k ri ro v nguy c no nh hng bt li n a dng sinh hc
hoc tr thnh c di hay dch hi trong iu kin canh tc ti Vit Nam.
Knh ngh Hi ng An ton Sinh hc B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng
thn cng nhn kt qu kho nghim ng chuyn gen event TC1507 an ton vi
a dng sinh hc v mi trng sinh thi Vit Nam.

H ni, ngy 8 thng 5 nm 2012

Xc nhn ca c quan kho nghim

Xc nhn ca n v ng k kho nghim

Ph trch kho nghim chnh

TS. Phm Th Lin

195

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