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Ni dung
Chng 1: Khi nim chung v mch in
Chng 2: Mch xc lp iu ha
Chng 3: Cc phng php gii tch mch
Chng 4: Mch xoay chiu 3 pha

Mch in

Chng 1

KHI NIM CHUNG V MCH IN

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

1. nh ngha:
Mch in c to thnh t cc phn t mch v dy ni
Phn t ngun
Phn t ti
Dy dn

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

Phn t 2 cc

Phn t 3 cc

Phn t 4 cc

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

2. Kt cu hnh hc ca mch in:
a) Nhnh: L mt on gm nhng phn t ghp ni tip
nhau, trong c cng mt dng in thng t u n n
u kia.

b) Nt: l giao im gp nhau ca 3 nhnh tr ln.

c) Vng (mch vng, mt li): l mt li i khp kn qua
cc nhnh
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Mch in

Nhnh 1: gm R1 mc ni tip E1

Nhnh 2: gm R2 mc ni tip E2

Nhnh 1: Ch c R3
C 2 nt A v B

Vng 1: Qua cc nhnh 1 3 -1

Vng 2: Qua cc nhnh 2 3 -3

Vng 3: Qua cc nhnh 1 2 -1

(Vng 3 ln nht bao V1 v V2)

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

Hy cho bit mch in sau c bao nhiu nhnh, nt,

vng?

Mch in

Mc li l g ?
c xem l vng c bn ni mt cch khc: mt li

l mt vng m bn trong khng tm thy c vng

no khc.
V d:

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

3. Cc i lng c trng cho qu trnh nng lng
trong mch in:

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Dng in: i(t) (A)

in p: u(t) (V)

Chiu dng dng in v in p.

Cng sut

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

Cng sut

Cng sut tc thi

p(t) = u(t). i(t)

Chiu (+) ca u va i nh hnh

P(t) > 0: Mch thu nng lng
P(t) < 0: Mch pht nng lng

Chiu (+) ca u va i nh hnh

P(t) > 0: Mch pht nng lng
P(t) < 0: Mch thu nng lng

Nguyn l cn bng cng sut: tng cng sut pht ca

ngun bng tng cng sut thu ca cc phn t ti.
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KS. Nguyn ng Khoa

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

Cng sut

Cng sut tc dng: (Cng sut trung bnh hay cng sut tiu
th):

Cng sut tiu th trn in tr R :

Nng lng trong cun dy v t in:

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Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

4. Cc phn t c bn ca mch in
in tr:

c trng cho hin tng tiu tn nng lng, bin in

nng thnh nhit nng. K hiu: R; n v (ohm)
Phng trnh trng thi

hoc

Quan h gia U v I biu th qua nh lut Ohm

in dn: G ( -1) hoc (S)

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Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

in cm:

c trng cho kh nng to nn t trng ca phn

t mch in. K hiu L ; n v H (Henry)
Quan h ga t thng mc vng v dng in:
in p ri trn in cm

Cun dy l phn t ti 2 cc c quan h gia in p v

dng in theo phng trnh

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Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

in dung:

c trng cho hin tng tch phng nng lng in

trng. K hiu C; n v F (Farad)
Quan h gia in tch tch ly trn ct t v in p:

Dng in qua in dung

T in l phn t ti 2 cc c quan h gia in p v in

dung:
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Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

Ngun p c lp

L phn t 2 cc m in p khng ph thuc vo gi tr dng in

cung cp t ngun v bng chnh sc in ng ca ngun: u(t) =

e(t). E l gi tr ca ngun p chiu t cc + sang - . Chiu sc in
ng ngc li
Dng in ca ngun s ph thuc vo ti
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KS. Nguyn ng Khoa

Mch in

Lu : Vi ngun p c lp

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Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

Ngun dng c lp

L phn t 2 cc m dng in khng ph thuc vo in p

trn hai cc ngun: i(t) = j(t)

Chiu mi tn ch chiu dng in
in p trn cc cc ngun ph thuc vo ti mc vo n v

bng chnh in p trn ti ny.

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KS. Nguyn ng Khoa

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

Cc ngun ph thuc

l hng s, Khi u1 thay i u2 thay i theo. Tng t r l hng s khi i1

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thay i th u2 thay i theo

Mch in

Mch in v cc phn t mch

g l hng s, Khi u1 thay i i2 thay i theo. Tng t l hng s khi i1

thay i th i2 thay i theo
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Mch in

Phn loi mch in

Mch in 1 chiu xoay chiu
Mch c thng s tp trung thng s ri
Mch tuyn tnh v mch khng tuyn tnh
Mch ch xc lp ch qu
Mch in dng v khng dng

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Mch in

nh lut c bn ca mch in
nh lut Kirchoff 1 (nh lut nt, nh lut dng)

Pht biu: Tng i s cc dng in ti mt nt bng 0.

Qui c: Dng i vo nt mang du dng (+) dng i ra nt

mang du m (-) (hoc c th quy c ngc li.)

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Mch in

Mt s lu nh lut Kirchoff 1
Chiu dng in:Ty chn. Khi gii ra thy gi tr

m th thc t ngc chiu vi gi thit

V d

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Mch in

V d tng t trong i sng ca L K1

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Mch in

nh lut c bn ca mch in
nh lut Kirchoff 2 (nh lut p, nh lut vng)

Pht biu: i theo mt vng kn vi

chiu ty chn th tng i s cc
in p trn cc phn t bng 0.
Qui c: Du ca in p c xc nh da
vo chiu dng ca in p so vi chiu ca
vng. Chiu ca i,u cng chiu vng th mang
du (+), ngc li mang du (-)

Ch : Nu mch c d nt, n nhnh th ta c (d-1) phng trnh K1, v

(n-d+1) phng trnh K2.
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Mch in

nh lut c bn ca mch in
V d: Cho mch in nh hnh v dng nh lut K1, K2

tm dng qua cc nhnh.

Vi E1 = 125V, E2 = 90V, R1 = 3, R2 = 2 , R3 = 4

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Mch in

 Gi s chiu dng in nh hnh v

Vit PT nh lut Kirchoff 1 cho nt A ta c:

I1 + I2 - I3 = 0

(1)

(Qui c i vo mang du (+) ra mang du (-) )

Vit 2 PT nh lut Kirchoff 2 cho cho 2 mc li I v II

I1.R1 + I3.R3 E1 = 0 hay I1.R1 + I3.R3 = E1

(2)

-I2.R2 + E2 - I3.R3 = 0 hay -I2.R2 - I3.R3 = - E2

(3)

Ta c h 3 PT 3 n s. T (2) v (3) ta suy ra:

Thay vo PT (1) ta c:

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Mch in

 Vi E1 = 125V, E2 = 90V, R1 = 3, R2 = 2 , R3 = 4

Thay s vo ta c:

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Mch in

NHP CHUT VO Y
XEM THM CC V D KHC

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Mch in

BI TP V NH

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Mch in

Bi tp 1
p dng cc nh lut Kirchoff . Tm dng in trong cc nhnh

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Mch in

Bi tp 2
p dng cc nh lut Kirchoff . Tm dng in trong cc nhnh

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Mch in

Bi tp 3

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Mch in

Bi tp 4

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Mch in