Wireless Power Transmission Mobile Charger Circuit Using

Inductive Coupling
04 July 2014 Wireless Comments
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Project by

Mepits

Technology is one thing that keeps on changing to make life simpler. But, lets take the
case of charging a device, for decades, we still confine to the old traditional style of wire
system. Think of a device or a system that can charge up multiple systems without all
those snake-look-alike wires. The solution is to go with wireless power transfer using
inductive coupling.
Wireless Power Transmission using inductive coupling, is one of the effective ways to
transfer power between points without the use of conventional wire system. Wireless
power transmission is effective in areas where wire system is unreachable or
impossible. The power is transferred using inductive coupling, resonant induction or
electromagnetic wave transmission depending on whether its short range, mid-range or
high range.
The goal of this project Wireless power transmission mobile charger circuit using
inductive coupling is to charge a low power device using wireless power transmission.
This is done using charging a resonant coil from AC and then transmitting subsequent
power to the resistive load. The project is meant to charge a low power device quickly
and efficiently by inductive coupling without the help of wires.

Block Diagram Explanation of Wireless Power Transmission Mobile

Charger Circuit using Inductive Coupling:

Fig1 : Block Diagram of Wireless Power Transmission Mobile Charger Circuit using
Inductive Coupling

In this project, the wireless charger works mainly on the principle of inductive coupling.
With this inductive coupling idea, we are trying to transfer power wirelessly to charge
low power devices, such as mobile phones, cameras, wireless mouse etc.
From the block diagram, it is clear that for the overall functioning of wireless charger
circuit, it required a wireless power transmitter & a wireless power receiver sections.
The transmitter coil in this wireless power transmitter section converts the DC power
from an oscillator to a high frequency AC power signal. This high frequency alternating
current, which is linked with the wireless power transmitting coil, would create an
alternating magnetic field in the coil due to induction, to transmit energy.
In the wireless power receiver section, the receiver coils receives that energy as an
induced alternating voltage (due to induction) in its coil and a rectifier in the wireless
power receiver section converts that AC voltage to a DC voltage. Finally this rectified
DC voltage would be feed to the load through a voltage controller section. That is, the
wireless power receiver sections main function is to charge a low power battery through
inductive coupling.

Working of Wireless Power Transmission Mobile Charger Circuit using

Inductive Coupling:
This project has mainly two sections, wireless power transmitter & a wireless power
receiver sections. The Transmitter section of wireless charger circuit consists of a DC
power source, oscillator and a transmitter coil. A constant DC voltage is provided by a
DC power source, and this DC signal is the input to the oscillator circuit. This oscillator
converts this DC voltage to a high frequency AC power, and is supplied to the
transmitting coil. Due to this high frequency AC current, the transmitter coil energizes,
and generates an alternating magnetic field in the coil.
DC power Source: It consists of a step down transformer that step downs the supply
voltage to a desired level, and arectifier circuit to convert that AC voltage to DC signal.
Oscillator Circuit: A modified Royer Oscillator circuit is used in our project. With this
circuit we can easily achieve a high oscillating current for the transmitter coil.
The oscillator circuit used in the Wireless power transmitter section is given below.

Fig 2 : Transmitter section circuit

Wireless power transmitter section :Here in the transmitter circuit section, we uses two
N channel enhancement power MOSFET (IRF540 Q1,Q2 ),Two chokes (L1 & L2) ,
capacitor C (works as a resonating capacitors), diode D1 & D2( provide cross coupled
feedback) , the transmitter coil L(inductor), resistors R1,R2,R3 and R4 (works as a
biasing network for Q1&Q2) etc. are used.

When power is given to the oscillator circuit, the DC current starts flowing through the
two sides of the coil (L1&L2) and also to the Drain terminals of the MOSFET. During the
same instant, voltage appears on gate terminal of both the transistors and tries to turn
ON the transistors. Any one of the transistor will be faster than the other and it will turn
ON first.
Assume that Q1 will be turning on first, and then Q1s drain voltage will be clamped to
near ground. At the same time, Q2 will be in less conductive state or in off state, then
Q2s drain voltage will rise to peak and starts to fall due to the tank circuit formed by the
capacitor C and the primary coil of oscillator through one half cycle. The operating
frequency of the oscillator is determined by the resonance formula given below
F = (LC)
Note: A Heat sink is provided with each of the MOSFET to protect them from
overheating and make them cool.
Transmitter Coil: For this Wireless power transmission mobile charger circuit
using inductive coupling project, we can use 6mm enameled wire (Magnet wire) for
constructing the transmitter coils. Actually this enameled wire is a copper wire, which
has a thin layer of insulation coatings on it. Here the transmitter coil is constructed with
a diameter of 16.5cm or 6.5 inches and 8.5 cm of length.
The equation for finding the inductance of a single layer air core coil is given below.
L = 0.001 N2 (a/2)2 / (114a + 254l) H
Now we are applying the desired values for the coil,
L = 0.00122 (0.165/2)2 / ((1140.165) + (2540.085)) H
L = 0.674 H
Wireless power receiver section: The receiver section consists of receiver coil, rectifier
circuit and a voltage regulator IC. The AC current flowing through the transmitter coil
creates a magnetic field. When we place the receiver coil with in a specific distance
from this transmitter coil, the magnetic field in the transmitter coil extends to this

receiver coil, and it induces an AC voltage and generates a current flow in the receiver
coil of the wireless charger. The rectifier circuit in the receiver section converts this AC
voltage in to DC and the voltage regulator IC helps to provide a constant limited
regulated output voltage to the load for charging the low power devices. Here we are
using LM 7805 voltage regulator IC. It is used because the IC gives a regulated 5V as
its output and it dont allow more than 5V to the output.
The circuit diagram for Receiver section is given below.

Fig 3 : Receiver section circuit

The receiver coil in the wireless power receiver section is constructed using 18 AWG
copper wire having diameter of 8cm.The equation for finding the inductance of a single
layer air core coil is given below.
L = 0.001 N2 (a/2)2 / (114a + 254l) H
Now we are applying the desired values for the coil,
L = 0.00132 (0.08/2)2 / ((1140.08) + (2540.01)) H
L = 1.235 H

The whole circuit section of our project is shown below.

Fig 4 : Wireless Power Transmission Mobile Charger Circuit using Inductive Coupling

Electronic Components:
Transmitter Section

Voltage Source, Vdc: 30V

Capacitors, C : 6.8 nF

Radio Frequency Choke,L1: 8.6 H

Radio Frequency Choke, L2: 8.6 H

Transmitter coil, L: 0.674 H

Resistors:

R1: 1K

R2: 10 K

R3: 94 ohm

R4: 94 ohm

R5: 10 K

Diodes:

D1: D4148

D2: D4148

Transistors:

MOSFET, Q1: IRF540

MOSFET, Q2: IRF540

Receiver Section:

Diode, D1, D2, D3, D4: D4007

Resistor, R 1k ohm

Voltage Regulator IC: IC LM 7805

Receiver coil, L: 1 .235 H

Capacitors:

C1: 6.8 nF

C2: 220 F=

From this Wireless power transmission mobile charger circuit using inductive coupling
experiment, we conclude that wireless charging through inductive coupling is a better
way for future energy transmission systems,that is witricity (wireless electricity) because
with this technology we can transfer power wirelessly to charge electronic equipment,
vehicles, etc.