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The entropy of the universe increases over time and moves towards a maximum value.
3. What is the difference between shear center flexural center of twist and elastic
center?
The shear center is the centroid of a cross-section. The flexural center is the center of twist,
which is the point on a beam that you can add a load without torsion. The elastic center is
located at the center of gravity. If the object is homogeneous and symmetrical in both
directions of the cross-section then they are all equivalent.
4. What is ferrite?
Magnetic iron rock
The tensile strength of the steel is proportionate to the strength needed to offset the stress
on the material divided by the number of joints employed.
Pipe flanges are protected from corrosion by means of electrolysis, with dielectric flanges.
The piping system is electrically insulated by what is called a sacrificial anode. A bag of
readily corrodible metal is buried in the ground with a wire running from the pipe to the bag
so that the sacrificial anode will corrode first. If any electrical current charges the pipe, it
also serves as a ground.
Orthographic projections are views of a 3D object, showing 3 faces of it. The 3 drawings are
aligned so that if the page were folded, it would create part of the shape. It is also called
multiview projections.
The 3 faces of an object consist of its plan view, front view and side view. There are 2 types
of orthographic projection, which are 1st angle projection and 3rd angle projection.
40. What are the points in the stress strain curve for steel?
Proportional limit, elastic limit or yield point, ultimate stress and stress at failure.
QUESTIONS:
1. Why we do not use same technology to start both SI/CI engine?
2. Which one is more efficient? A four stroke engine or a two stroke and why?
3. 4 Stroke engine is more efficient primarily Because of the presence of valves which
precisely control the flow of charge into the chamber and exit the exhaust gases with
welding is?
86. The amount of carbon present in Cast Iron?
87. Numeric control is used for?
88. The amount of moisture that is to be present in wood to be called dry wood is?
89. The pattern material used in Investment casting Process is?
90. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type
of follower?
91. What is the use of offset follower in cam? Why and where we have to use this type
of follower?
92. State the difference between Forging & Fabrication?
93. What is flange rating?
94. What amount of heat energy loss in ESP?
95. What happen when diesel is injected in petrol engine?
96. What do you mean by property of system?
97. Why joule-Brayton cycle is not suitable for a reciprocating engine.
98. How does turbulence differ from swirl?
99. Is octane number beyond 100 is possible?
100. Explain the effect of fuel structure on knocking.
101. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of LPG as a fuel in S.I. Engine?
102. What is the impact of using throttling device instead of expander in vapour
compression cycle?
103. What is moisture choking? Which refrigerants are more prone to it?
104. What is Montreal protocol and why CFCs are being phased out?
105. Why reverse Joule Brayton is used in aircraft refrigeration system?
106. Explain how solar-energy can used in refrigeration system?
107. Is wet bulb temperature a thermodynamic property?
108. What is the utility of comfort chart?
109. How would you decide whether a reciprocating compressor or centrifugal
compression is to be used in a refrigerating system?
110. Why smoking is not allowed in air conditioned enclosure?
111. Why desert coolers become ineffective in raining season?
112. Why package units are being preferred over central air conditioning system?
113. What is MAPI.
114. What is capital budgetary?
115. What is group technology layout?
116. What is leveling & smoothing in production technology?
117. What is deference between method study & work measurement?
118. What you know about drilling?
119. How oil is produced? What is the size of well?
120. Pumps used in drilling procedure and why? Why not centrifugal pump? What if
we want high head and high discharge?
121. Difference between Pipeline and Piping ?
122. Use of CNG, LNG, LPG etc.
What is quazi-crystal?
What do you understand by a free cutting steel? What elements are usually
added to make a steel free cutting, & how they make the steel free cutting?
Explain various method of hardening of steel?
What do you understand by the term Arrest point in connecting with heat
treatment of plain carbon steel?
What influence does grain size have on the mechanical properties of metals.
Describe the difference between brittle and ductile fracture.
What is the difference between natural & artificial aging?
Thermodynamics
Explain working principal of scram jet engine, what is advantage over the
ramjet?
What are the advantage of nuclear power plants over thermal power plants.
What is fast breeder reactor?
What is circulation ratio and what is its range in power plant?
One 2-row Curtis turbine is equivalent to how many reaction turbines for same
value of
blade velocity and angle of nozzle?
What are thermal neutrons?
What is breeding ratio?
What is the application of jet and rocket technology? Which is used in missiles?
Strength of Materials
What do you mean by equal strength in a beam?
What is difference between pure shear and simple (normal) shear?
Is it possible that decrease in area gives a decrease in stress?
Whether shear stresses are always parallel to shear forces?
By which experiment, you find it toughness of material.
Distinguish between direct stress & bending stress.
What do you mean by Torsional rigidity & lateral rigidity?
Define slenderness ratio. How it is used in long and short column?
Machine Design
What is backlash?
What is damping ratio?
Define Resonance.
Define critical speed or whirling speed or whipping speed.
What is machine? Giving example, Differentiate between a machine & structure.
What is Mechanical advantage.
Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
3. In a Rankine Cycle, if max. steam pressure is increased keeping steam temp. and
condenser pressure same , what will happen to dryness fraction of steam after expansion?
4. Why entropy change for a reversible adiabatic process is zero?
5. What are two essential conditions for perfect gas?
6. Entahlpy and entropy are functions of one single parameter. Which is that?
7. Why rate of condensation is higher on a polished surface than compared to rusty surface?
8. How much resistance is offered to heat flow by drop wise condensation?
9. What is the relationship between COP of heating and cooling?
10. How much is the work done in Isochoric process?
11. When max. discharge is obtained in nozzle?
12. Under what condition work done in reciprocating compressor is least?
13. What is the difference between stalling and surging in rotary compressor?
14. Why the electric motor of a fan with backward curved blades is never got overloaded
under any condition?
15. Why the work per kg of air flow in axial flow compressor is less compared to centrifugal
compressor for same ratio?
16. What is the name given to portion of thermal energy to be necessarily rejected to
environment?
17. What is pitting ? How it is caused?
18. What is caustic environment?
19. Which impurities form Hard scale and which impurities form soft scale?
20. What is the difference between hard water and soft water?
21. Which two elements of feed water can cause corrosion of tubes and plates in boiler?
22. What should be done to prevent a safety valve to stick to its seat?
23. Why large boilers are water tube type?
24. What type of boiler does not need a steam drum?
25. Why manholes in vessels are usually elliptical in shape?
26. Low water in boiler drum is unsafe because it may result in overheating of water tubes in
furnace. Why it is unsafe to have high water in boiler drum?
27. Why boiler is purged every time before starting firing of fuel?
28. What is the principle of mechanical refrigeration?
29. Why high latent heat of evaporation is desirable in a refrigerant?
30. What is the critical temperature of a refrigerant?
31. Maximum combustion temperature in gas turbines i of the order of 1100 to 10 degree
Celsius whereas same is around 00 degree Celsius in IC engine? Why?
32. Why efficiency of gas turbine is lower as compared to IC engines?
33. What do you understand by timed cylinder lubrication?
34. What is IIUCR in relation to petrol engine?
35. In some engines glycerin is used in place of water for cooling. Why?
36. Why consumption of lubricating oil is more in two-stroke cycle petrol engine than four
stroke cycle petrol engine?
37. As compression ratio increases , thermal n increases. How is thermal n is affected by rich
and weak mixture?
38. How engine design needs to be changed to burn lean mixture?
39. Horse power of IC engines can be expressed as RAC rating , SAE rating or DIN rating.
To which countries these standards belong?
40. What is the use of flash chamber in a vapour compression refrigeration cycle to improve
the COP of refrigeration cycle?
41. Why pistons are usually dished at top?
42. What is the function of thermostat in cooling system of an engine?
43. What are the causes of failure of boiler tubes?
44. What are the causes of failure for super heater tubes?
45. Why super critical boilers use less amount of steel compared to non super critical
boilers?
46. Out of electric heater and Heat pump , which is economical in operation?
47. Which furnace burns low-ash fusion coal and returns most of the coal ash in the slag?
48. How the thickness of thermal boundary layer and thickness of hydrodynamic boundary
layer related?
49. What is the effect of friction on flow of steam through a nozzle?
50. Why gas turbine power plant needs efficient compressor?
51. Why rockets using liquid hydrogen have higher specific impulse compared to liquid
hydrocarbon?
52. Why axial flow compressor is preferred for gas turbines for aero planes?
53. What is the effect of inter cooling in gas turbine?
54. Why iso-octane is chosen as reference fuel foe S.I engines and allotted 100 value for its
octane number?
55. Why thermal efficiency of IC engine is more than the gas turbine plant?
56. Which are the reference fuels for knock rating of SI engines?
57. When effect of variations in specific heat is considered then how do maximum
temperature and pressure vary compared to air standard cycle?
58. Quantities like pressure, temperature , density , viscosity etc. are independent of mass.
What are these called?
59. The amount of radiation emitted per scm per sec is called..?
60. In convective heat transfer , if heat flux intensity is doubled hen temperature.
61. How you can define coal?
62. Which pollutant is major greenhouse gas and what is its effect?
63. In order to increase efficiency and reduce CO emissions and other emissions , clear coal
technologies are receiving major attention. What are these?
64. What are the important operational performance parameters in design of fuel firing
equipment?
65. What is the difference between total moisture and inherent moisture in coal?
66. Promixity analysis of coal provides data for a first, general assessment of a coal's quality
and type. What elements it reports?
67. Ultimate analysis of coal is elementary analysis. What it is concerned with?
68. Explain the difference between AFBC , BFBC , PFBC and PCBC in regard to fluidised
technologies.
69. What is Schmidt plot for is used in heat transfer problems?
70 In which reactor the coolant and moderator are the same?
71. Which reactor has no moderator?
72. What are the thermal neutrons?
73. What is big advantage of fast breeder reactor?
74. What is the purpose of biological shield in nuclear plants?
75. Which two elements have same percentage in proximate and ultimate analysis of coal?
76. On which analysis is based the Dulong's formula for the heating value of fuel?
77. Which element causes difference in higher and lower heating values of fuel?
78. Which heating value is indicated by a calorimeter and why?
79. State the difference between ultimate and proximate analysis of coal?
80. What is the fuel ratio?
81. How the analyses and calorific values can be reported?
82. What is the difference between nuclear fission and fission chain reaction.
83. Expalin difference between fissile and fertile material.
84. What do you understand by fuel cycle in nuclear plants?
85. What is heavy water and what is its use in nuclear plants?
86. What is a convertor reactor?
87. Explain nuclear reactor in brief.
88. What is the difference between conversion and enrichment.
89. Disposal of radioactive waste materials and spent fuel is a major and important
technology. How the waste radioactive material is disposed off?
90. Which nuclear reactor uses water as a coolant, moderator and reflector?
91. Which reactor produces more fissionable material than it consumes?
92. Which reactor uses natural uranium as fuel?
93. Which reactor uses heavy water as moderator?
94. Which reactor requires no moderator?
95. Which reactor uses primary coolant as fluoride salts of lithium , beryllium , thorium and
uranium?
96. Why an increase in area is required to produce an increase of velocity in case of
supersonic flow?
97. Under what circumstances would there be an increase in pressure in a divergent nozzle?
98. Why water can't be used as refrigerant for small refrigerating plant?
99. Which parameter remains constant in a throttling process?
100 .What is the difference between isentropic process and throttling process?
101. What is the difference between isotropic and anisotropic material?
102. What are orthotropic materials?
103. What is view factor?
104. What properties need to be considered for applications calling for following
requirements
1.Rigidity
2.Strength for no plastic deformation under static load
3.Strength to withstand overload with fracture
4.Wear resistance
105. Explain the effects of alloying chromium and nickel in stainless steel.
106. Mention two types of dislocations.
107. What are the principle constituents of brass?
108. What is curie print?
109. Specific strength of material is very high when they are in fiber size but lower when
they are in bar from why?
110. What is the percentage of carbon in cast iron?
111. Which element is added in steel to increase resistance to corrosion?