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Viscosity
Viscosity
neighboring layers. This resistance to flow can be seen with gases, liquids and
even solids.
Stoke's law:
In laminar flow, a ball with radius R moving through a liquid with viscosity
has a speed proportional to the frictional force.
Fr = 3 d v
Or:
where:
Fd is the frictional force acting on the interface between the fluid and the
particle (in N),
Intrinsic viscosity
[] = KMa
Viscosity can be readily followed using an
Ostwald Viscometer
MATERIALS
1. Ostwald viscometer
2. Falling ball viscometer
3. Water bath at 20C
4. Glucose 1,3,5,7g%
5. Dextran 1,3,5,7g%
6. Glycerine
7. Stop watch accurate to at least 0.1 s
250 ml
METHOD
Viscosity is very sensitive to temperature, so all solutions and the
viscometer must be kept at 30C in the water bath.
Always handle the viscometer by one limb only and never squeeze the
two arms together.
1. Rinse the viscometer with water and place it in position in water
bath by carefully clamping one limb. Check that it is vertical using
a plumb line
2. Introduce exactly 20 ml (or the volume marked on the viscometer)
of water at 20C into the bulb A with a syringe or pipette.
3. Leave for 5 min to equilibrate, then either apply positive pressure
to the wide limb (I) or gentle suction to the other limb (II) until the
meniscus rises above the upper graduation mark B.
4. Release the pressure and measure the time (to the nearest 0.1 s) for
the liquid to flow between the two graduation marks B and C.
Repeat the experiment until the flow times agree within 0.2 s
5. Calculate the average flow time: (t0), solvent, and then with the
glucose dissolved in the water (t1).
6. Calculate the relative viscosities (t1/t0 ) using the values from the
curves.
7. Draw standard curve of relative viscosities (t1/t0 ) vs. con g%
8. Calculate intrinsic viscosity (intercept with y access).
References:
D.T.Plummer, An introduction to Practical. Bioc. MC Grow Hill
http:/ www./canadawide.ca/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stokes_sphere.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%E2%80%93Houwink_equation
Name
Computer no.
Group
date
/
Substance
T1
T0
Rel. viscosity