irkbook of TMOSPHE ISPERSION STIMATE being practiced today. The book and accompanying diskette irre ener nee fener ected fand Gaussian dispersion and its imitations. Information is Ree ea ny Teter teenage cereus meter values, The sensitivity of data to various parameters be easily explored by changing one value and seeing the Renters en Sere ee ae ions to show the estimation of atmospheric pollutant eee ed 11 = - | = E72)Workhook of Second Edition ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION ESTIMATES D. Bruce Turner ‘Winity Cons Chapel Hil, Now AN Lows pubuistersLiray of Congress Cataloging in ubiaton Dat Tue D. Bruce 931— "Werk of sispaerie person estas an ouedtion 0 {spel dling! D. Brie Tuner — no a Incas ibogrphiclreeences an ines, ISON 1sestD023.% [aie—Polliico--Matbemaic! mos, 2 Smt planes Materuical mou Atmosphere itision Natomas mele Te, a.T86 988 2501511820 sass cr “This tok oni ifomation stained from anti nd highly eed sours, Reprinted marl quoted wih perio, and ours ae ee Awe vty Of fens Ino. Ressnale toms hae oon as pbs labs task ‘nomaton, atthe ua and he pubis aoa aun espns othe ay Neier ibook i any patna be repos ana in ay fom oy ny mest, ecto oe mtu, clang ptoeonyns, icles ad aun, bya aera sre once, but Pe ee Ia Sing rom he publisher. {CRE Pre nes coment ds mot extend wo copying fr gear dation, for Erwrting fm CRC Pro fo schsopyigges a Dred anges Yo CRC Prom, ne 00 Cea? Bl N.W., Bora Rat, ode 3451 © 19AK by CRC ress, es ie an of CREB No chim oii U.S. Goverment works Intnl Stand Book Number 1 S6S7OI-X Lay of Compress Can uber 93-4385 Prine in he United Sines of Arsnca 1234567890 rmsd on ese paper Dedication Tis workbook is deeaed to the memery of Lany Nisnye ho guide ant cece man plo args Ul ey men Me on tdPreface ‘This wooo fs revision he westoak ofthe same tie is pubis i 167 ‘doug Gaunn molling In sions, mach fhe ult stalatien mse ‘Sing Se toy to esinte impact of propo sere in sepa fo reulory the hes Tor dapersionealeulions and to ipesion modsting to bone that asd 9 ‘ning pst thr abject ea, nl 2) To provide arn relrnce 0 dspace quaies ard example cans for a gua) fessionals ae fami it ‘pension,Acknowledgments “The stor apres te encourage of Robe A. MeCorich, who sagged hat The cl Gortbok be compiled. ‘The assure of Fans Poo acknowieed ‘The eoaurgemen fy fe ing the evenings and weakens while rpaing Tis mont ss apesAbout the author Broce Tames aCe Conshing Mteorlgis and serve sexo cons at fhe Che Til Noh Crlnn fe of Trmty Comins he" He asa BA. tribes in Carton Coleg nse ean Ale Ree Weather ie a the Univerty of Chicagoan as an Sn metoalogy fo the Une of Mian, ip eed iv 150 fromthe Nao! Oeeane st Aimosperi. Admin. Lion wleonaiqnnen tine Emon Protston Agen, wher he mat Itvaved i a suty ation model developmert mae eon, 2 Moki ‘nods wie tere He ceed the Arand We Marageneat Acs Fnac Chanter: ward on fone 5, 1092 Ths aad gen Toc oustanding technical achareen onal recogni a3 major cotton the Scene nd {rai planar cota He war sited foe his ede "i praca apaton ef ‘cory to sr pollaion problems, especialy for his etsaning wrk. with “Mphene dapsonecontents ‘Chaper an Be as an Intradton How Das the Atmosphere Diperse Materia nd ‘Wa lea Disperon Mode? Averaging Peat fo Da, 31 Bie Sect, 2 122. fet of Spent tet of Sree Rowpies. “rlesen 1 What Talent 142 Meshnel Tutlenes 143 _ Buoyant Geman of flees. eating of Tuucase eral Teal Src. ‘penance of Contaaous Visible ins oVerical "Terma Sisste- Pne Tes What e= Baperton Mel a Estimates of Atmosphere Dispersion ‘Assumptions ia Gass Moding ‘The Gussin Drei Coss Sy tem - orate sdb Bigs Ein Berton of Addon! Baton fr Spas Sato Poul Subity Cl oul Gifford Dispersion Paar ‘Avrging Timea be Pg ifr ‘panic Pats. Determining Grounds Concenaion eth Downtind Ditance Nomogram fr Determination of Distance ‘Grounlve Maximus nd Navman Concent, ecuny a stias. atrning te Dt o 3 Conznton Lvs ancen Tora Ground! Reese ‘rete f Ete of Msi Hg Gap for Estes of Dowie CGrounleve Comenatns. z atemining Grate Cones pes. ‘ica Win opts ‘Rviw of csr. %‘CHAPTER 1 isrropuction ow Dag he Amgen Mat ‘The sie moons in the stmoiphere taney psants that ace eles in the ‘MosplereThe salle nea pe sess of mtn Seve To dps: plats Bear by mnning these pliant with alr bang lower pollo lvls and ht Temerng he ptt hens ith ine tr sero’ prea soe 11 Avorn eviads for Dats Ie comesiet wo conse veages of metnrlgcl paces oer aoe our tine ‘ttle "Tiss pomanlybeeute the sem of teeters ta re [ikte word wide nrprstosupor sea eon se tken sc our re ‘Fw tly seed sof foe etre for er ppc nln ‘her aor flloion neterlgy Thess trys oben penal {Spproximately during the ten minutes prior the clock hour. Tn stations where onsite be cole ose olson upon, the pratt re ypc eased ‘heron har me pernstl maybe averapedand ached ve Shot ipa 12 Wind Wid sa vel er guy having a itston ad spe Alo he wins components ofthe wind. By convention the wind direction i te dction from which is toon in response to bat the urinal prse rae the hatin ‘Enperre graen. For fanher information on he cae fm santo “The wind spt ais fap abseation wl ts, aia ies pr he “Ta fest of wind iection i. determine the dein of tomo of reed Palit Becae win ieston the deson frm ch he win lows, 4 we(Chapter I 122 Becta Speed Fr polation ees hatte contiuous he polars ae ate igh a epi f| ‘se, sth athe Sack op. The reulingConenrtan nthe me a ven Proaninal othe wind spc dbl wind ped ad the conenate inthe plone che al of tha wi er nd cca ht ion et on the win bythe grouse ad the roughness ‘nen ne sure, the wind ows ul ghee fo the poane A Spa Sein lee te dn dings cate ne ire Sind near he growed once of the wind wih ight say fom he pound {Eegcmlyppvcine atonal th he wero wind poe Fue 1. Bxampls of vr ftps apd wind ped wih eight (ser Sih, 983 wy ny? on were ew een at vere eight aboveground Sid Sec ms at anemomet hehe Yeni igh ator goons 2 ——_bemonererheighsbove ground m 5! iponen dependent primary on atosphrc taiiy ‘has om acund O07 for usta coc ano tow'd35forauble conditions 1. eto SaraceRooghness ‘Tre objects te sre (ruphne emens) over wich he wis owing wil ave {ttn eet aon the wind speed reaton the mace Thi le dpe Fipore 12 forte erent acs, Te numer ie tara ge he nd peed al hat gta the gain erent. The at wi cers at ‘Mei abone esac where theft ofthe soc awe anger fe ean be {Sonnced tthe fesse flow ard pone fo he precareand pensar [Fades Bah he high an the psig toughest onthe aac Fens ee nett easton se win A single parser thence oases Tent sg west hectic Typic veeame pee Tae Figie 12 Examples of varision of wind wit rg oe diferer se mages "Semen gues ae perce fg) rm Davenge 96), “Tobe 11, Sure roughest frei ates ean Tose ConfeousForst 13 Deno Foret mane) 13 Dessasas Fort ete 8 Deen Sonn 3 Sram 52 Caled Land samme) 02 (Gait Landi) 801 Grass arimey Grass winery 001 Weer ‘ooo—, 1 Turbulence Lt What eTerbulece? Table is esenily te moons ofthe wid over te ne sles ater tha he {htragig time welt deemin he mts ed. Tofulence cots of eel white crCkES Gr a poste onenntans. bret eben, vert eis soi ‘Shenton: nbewoen. These olen eer serve to dapene plats by mle Sit aving ower plan oncensons The cuss of ese eles ce wise Prima dus fo macho beya geneaion of tubes 142 Mechanica Turbulence Wind ving pt vegetation osc cts mectaial toesce The stage ahd deg males pc Al ee {arenes Mechnes rbiece cn no be eae by tind shear tower moving [sey ne ina fst moving cet Ths cus ihe etal 2s wind sowed ‘arth cums staceby he nson ie uric At higher Height above pean Ihe wind pate re hyer Th sheng etn Bele the eiaton ofthe to ‘Nemaom Power mctuniel tutes The persion of mechanical eulace = always postive, 143 eyant Generation of Tralee “The beating o cooling of near the ans are geeres yet ens. At Ge sutene. Saag ay wah cer sis and igre ing fhe ‘ft pwd het f the po trod his shea the omer {iarhay ened erally om thes of TO fo SA cre Tie epee te sero a poste acy rel ats lees |e renee, ih ih ak ink, caging era ration col the ‘ound un he ssjcel to wt dota tin the soe Te Eilng our the goood ile the teers ofthe ar above rane relly Schur els nn seat of temfrstre enon nh yer earth rod. {he meson eter temperstre scr ht ved rom th al decease ltempertre with igh) The iene of te inveon causes the smospere fo Sutin st vente mato. "Toodacton of vrs excinge eres eric ‘person, Dopunian the speang of marl sch a pols een in he Spire, Use th condion neve buoyancy bang ened This aegtne eames even ena damp ou sof fecha tee 15 Relation oF Farben ta Vertical Therma Structure “Te exence of thermal memioned sone represents the exter of isl. Cioube aumsptoe condor Se tn ang daeson emus me ae wl etng with ie pti ne Ror, seral has will move wi he wind pas ay ‘hed poston. This wil est na Ses of upward mens dims te teas ant flower dvening mons nthe compensating Jnawaré ow Hetwce he heal During hoary peri ese Sees wpard snd Joward sei! fate il ‘outa sxtone vr Capeson At igh wih cles sbe and ght wind, iin of tbuece wil ent. Mach of thes amoun of mechan tence ta gerd wil edad oa y the epave yan ferblence coed By he bi thermal snr oer). The ‘ening des of aly small se wil eae ony» nium amount oF Aspen stwen he stove to exes isthe enon chaste be For this ton the pte ox the und ens esate les ating or eoling ofthe growed a escent oh Tho veil eral secre Sh ‘Sree often withbight (As one oes pat the aospt hee ss Stvsare ove You and bence es osu deta he cease ight Tisallows 2 pel of ar morn fom a Toner bh 10a igher het o expan de chs ‘racing het” pret fred down Res he sae i) Wh he est i ‘sik pound oo sr, te ferrin help eh ae ‘az, Tete amcipenicly neal Conny canbe Cane fy 1) dy coon ‘ve nib nconng or ougng anon windy candies tha wl spay ‘erclly ny Reig or coog ta aged he sac, 3} ramos ‘ints ete Sone nf sist when the stephens changing oom sable ‘Shpontn ts place. Tae 1.2 tonne chr Liosphese Tyrcal_ Heat Fhx Thermal ate of Vasable—MitDay Net supe Consider Clersty —Upwart Adie Hot and pie Wing Yeni Nowe! Winyor era Near Dey Mit-Range ranatan Sune Nightine Nat Nese tathomel amps Ost Ciersly Downward envenin Vera sie Wing‘Cmper rarance of Contino Viste Emons To Vrs Therma Strctare Plame Types Unsble~ Under anstbe contin sve coins ees lume wl appeae totam os bp lop thes the asepon“Tooping” See gue 1. Aug He Ippence woudl ber arly ena tyre of mon he plume appearane feu ‘fae ames ofthe lume bing cah nthe Upmard raions of he ema hey trove he pot ces and sonuning fat ups ton ste thermal sped downwind” Ata somewhat lr tine tbe dscnaing seu te ‘hele mone ot the oi of eles phat part he lt flume sab Udsunwant moving aad etic to dsend owes ay from be pom ‘na By somidsaing te sts at ocr sing sue dowrvind a anus faeces ofthe plone ate bythe el ira cna sna fre ton, bath Upward unk downwa over the pei fan bee The ests conse weil ‘Repent cist ove th pono.” Since the ey acres caning thee ttons have oentstons inal one dwciow hre cose habia ispenon ao ing lice verasraged oe our pale Figur 12. Vert dpe of oriole red to vec epee ‘sto Sours Hewson (B05) Nowal= Under nul conditions most ofthe ttece is wsuly mechanic a or rae ian ying The tn ees hve many ile raion a he ‘ening dgenion heey synetical athe ere and vere resulting {fe appt of be pms cone th enero the ous Thas Ie em sng ths conden, tb timeaverged ple wl tie to wh fom the nstamanets apes Swe Under stable cnditns he thal stare inhibi ei tion soe ‘almost avers dspemson The ermal sas dee Mt Ohta Iti 0 ee may bes coatdenble vary of Rot ple appearances at {coding fom a very naow ibbont 9 soaeele anata reaing Ths ater appeance fn. 1.7 What Isa Dispersion Mode What sa dinpeson mode Is pose o ste a single easton for plume ris 12 fstimae the efecve beg of te plume from s single souce Teen by at t's “ixgrton eqn sn enn of he concern fom hi sore con Dede fora gle rcp” Can the slain af she tu egmton be eo Spe Inet? eis generally nex conse io be bode. hs aly when a Comput ted fr he repetitions Slo oF these eqns ht We feo he selon {persion eh “Te primary inpts a speson mndel Fg cont of sin ifrmaton ‘ntcbrlogl Ut. ad voor infrmaan Forman approved st sath IEC (EPAC Iota he egret conn norton Css a he cordon a he tection fhe sue, he py sk ep the ine stk op ame the E B68 oc > > > ee) > > ‘San em yin oma at 2. Nghe toe pera fom sur fae ane | how afer sue 5. The peut etegory D soul ao he wd galls of wid ped oe ner ecedig or flows nigh ae deine tov2.7 Pasqul Gitferd Dispersion Parameters Pasgoil (1961) sages tht teint persion ope thos ease the Hina {nd vera ataon of the wind fhe eno esstemans of wid tions, other meted prseted Pegi (961 The hora ang peaing he Plume at wo dances downwind om the souce, for aiflresblie. and 3 ‘Bop prsettion of the bight fh pares 3 vrou dance dowd For ‘ieen oublines, ze piven slog wih inion to esr downind oncnaioer Its sued that che tome suming Doro an merical tesntanon ditions fat re Gans Cen (19h) comer he Roeaota fhe wie ay ad a gh ae Spoon pron {isthe aeons Sas ro rep ao [pheale for rl caionssndae commonly refered fo athe Pang fod ‘etrmine the values, Tale 23 (at the end of he cheer gives vals Fra ruber oF ‘doenwind dancer “able2.3 Paquin dispersion meer = Ids wachIS ihc xi downind diane ink ad Ti one al Pasgis@ ero Tears fenton f'n orc sta rom he suiiy Bguaon fr T a T= mig 25504 In 8 ToS 19383 - a086 In) c TE BS) > tgs? Tob asim] ata ma) E Tolga = asian Ino F T= esr = 036191 Ine) ‘tte a. Fer higher wind ped, sachs peer han 10m" the nnd ‘recto wl canis ta bated he ine prod fesse nes, However for ier mind ped preter encanson fwd destin fom Me men ‘ibe sompld ake swerping prog merase Fromonknsoun our he Ipsec vaaton wile dowanind oven plc cca ghee ‘Eetiraates of Atmospheric Dispersion gue 23. Pail. Gifs porzonal spenon pane 5 fons of ail ie 2 ay car and Gowan tance re soa,ens. raged plumes te Samping pid ices tn Pani (196) the pape ta defines te prance tht hve Neco Ko 3 the ‘Phage pares asl nds on p39 tha thes ante efor ah ‘eraing tne of few mine. Tuer 1957 inert ew mts beso 1 ‘miu Pao (199) ced a tb verging tee oh are mane. a vee x isin, ‘Tuble2A Pasquier veil dispersion paneer 0 ‘Sabiiy—Daacetiay) a —~SS«CS Caer Seay ~ oil som os" — an aa 2 as vo7 : a) la m2 i fas = 0} a ay 2 ois aa 2 ito 02 > ad 9x32 40 sa oon 2 > > sos ost jo = Shas San ast Sl SSN ates TS a nee “3 Bas Oboe TE 5 > sos a290 : rae erm Be = 840 Hates sig in =m 4am Hatls is a ee es erase easrsl| Una tole Hae Sao as os 2 hag ats ate 24. Pasa. Gif ee persion pace 28 feet of Pagul a1 03 B38) oniese ar gue 24 Pag Git Porter “ ar doo ose 35 Sb sls and downing tac rom the source,ee “ale 24 (cont) Paul illo vee spon pret caiy Dimes) —SSC*SC« i" Sind F 30 saw anne eo hom alts ma i > ost set oa Polis tase oat g ee toler bac 00 ee easy O5a50y 220 tor} ies sae 216 a =i Bess sss 10 02 2 a7 Mas oem 109 a2 {sam Gaisst At ‘ue to wind ection mand, oe would exec tht feueay th 6y for Inge ‘Rerting tes out be lager an bse appopeste focthee mines, hae ie isp ec hogs Snore bv to he fon of eral tepals and dowd ach persist ones See Etadencaces of ve minus). However or mat conan te almost 0 1225 Roe meade Inte serie, Pegll (978 des that he Soin ie fo opiimescerof 10 mines. Ia ode tte speed eu we by he dg ies (PA, Nise EPAL I94TD) the Panga Ciferd parameters are xed Geely for making {ct timate et erm aa Seep wth aby wis or scar prefer sample ‘ested cocetons i apopet o perids wh 20 three inate ped hat SOE Stiact et Sache oe ma anpmed ease a we Came coments te wef Poul lod Siar Sasincamtngncipe oa mewn, Tutt See es tauly sons daprion soe vation nd eon Behe 129 Determining Grounds Concentration with Downnd Distance I te dipeoionpramsess were simple frtion wih tance, the dance of he wane eke dacamied by ifeesanng oy 3 ih eset ox and scting he TENT ehul'o tos However, av oem horn Figs 23 ad 24 the dspeson Rouinacn oy anya rat upc functane of downwind donc. Therefore he ‘muon the“ fo the rman ah the anno concn ‘Simple ty tl dere by evan eq 23 for nareous downwind Saanes, Asya sep pce illo ah progam he yy dete ee ‘ape dekenis ecmumconcon de dan of cone 240 Nomosran fo Detention of Distance Grove Maina a 5. NASIREN ECan oper eee ee sce ey Cee Seams oe Rees Siac be Smee cin cheep to iron a etl ep pm i ed Scone: eet mine ee iets ay oe Stet tc attains inne, nvm Soioraiiheensmegio eng, easuumne Ferexampl fos ome as of 1051 fom an five ei of 2 mex at 2 in sod of fm sas Pagal bys yh Sane oie mam cnc a a. oneal ats iy ee emer Foi ofthe B sity Ine and he ont ine semen The moma fu 631 To" re fom he eric sns trina othe ete preva See po ‘The maximum concerto ond by mang wey Qh 1a 3ST ‘ing matmomconenrssn 1 1 Eo far hogy 211 Accuracy a Estimates ‘Te estimation of the azide of te concettio, 2 a cs a same pian vn fora pven as ensdered te best vat” Te intent ‘ae, wl rope ety to an ere ected cencataan Sic wlad ‘ped gly ees ith svete sant ten a he i ed 2th point of flee may be tee om the ore of 10 15 Poa Sens e ttfertive high of ree, penn gon win suede sa pce. ty Sho fate eos f to 201028 percent. With og he pssan aaa ‘mou be hopin mend tat by samy the Pavel iis andthe Paquin(01Qax ni DISTANCE OF MAXIMUM (km) spc 15 Relive maim cosetsion li fr ind speed and dans 0 Fas man cncenaon anctan of Pal Sabi sean lene Nir of lee Sinpenion parameter we ae consiing the mopar in aly sk cases wien ‘aly, tacoma One wil ny aig vars clelatns ht cont Gift conceuraont ae aed with a Ehange of one suy canine Suita The dle ogres at ett dances, Lager rors inthe dpe parte, 0 a yt npc for he eee of ‘ai and at hegre sore ces the may be expt tobe coe ‘rin’ Ico oso. These ae) al sbies ff tanec of rave ea 09 fm ned meters 2} metal oer wnsubl cons for dstnes ett @ ew ‘lloneter nd’) stable condone lower 1000 mates fhe amospere, wi Sinvrton ining the ming above fr dnc elo 104m ce ore Unceites in tects fe genera isha those a 0, The sounovelceneine ‘ocentaton frets Cues (whee 0 cane xpd oe wt sr 03) Shoal be eoret ein aftr of 3 cig ees in Gy nl The lai confidence i the sis indicated by the sla eal dase tines io Figures 2.3 and 24 Isolde ae ht the Seavey 2th tess nya enn Fg 123 especially dusing periods of light wands, There may be some meander (vind ict eaanges witha loge tine peti of the ad urd sah condone wick ‘il came an meee ine eflecive hortanal dapersan that na tly due «> {erin aon This meander unr Hah wind condions ntl the Pas Gord oy “Te enor tat ve Neen Sicwsed Me the anid wih esis of the oncnrains diety downed from te poof rae." Sigh ero ithe ‘Sinan of mind dation epi wer bl cnstans when pot puns ‘So inant 2 ye so Tah hel oven esate, The simu plume ph depen oth stint ind “Istana ile tan he fal ple ah enpeni o he col wind ‘ivan athe ph of te lame cnr a thn cae ho me of he Aight dowwid sncoations de sted Sty ao) wid speeder {i ae dispersion etter t etna the conormntion at xpi is al specie ii pan 19 fm epi e i o i ‘ch av factor af ten shout the ests const See Pose Sen Chr 212 Determining the Distance oa Concentration Level of Cancer For aground sles the ation fr cocemtion ey down (y= 0 i ren byea, 25, nor to dcmine the ine oa pre abe of eoneenaon Eh ike Levit Cancer conentaion, csi eguton canbe rsranged Sse oth rut fy tines oy Tha POC "(Cnapr 2, @ 4% = eo a muxoc “The diane where th proue achive in al can ten be apoinad ty inpeton ofthe rig she fTable 23 oof Figure 26, Oconee none, SnSinT esd own rll approsinaies ‘Thijs gs he tance wo he pit where the conzeatation an expected op {ltt evel of concarg, Aste fre dove seston, the lean whet th ‘vind Section, all tat can be suid Is that tere 2 cicle with rain equal tothe {Entner te ewer comuy concen Sl the cocetaon ta ie gh ae Swindon atti site for this time serv Then the sation Of the high ‘Consain ca be etd mre species ‘Tre diane zyog ca be deine dic fom the above pees forthe Simpl suai fe geod! rene. form sd eee he Sona ‘omplenton fe expect cing ro oft, or. A de soton feral od 23 rt be sed sano downing dances 1 erane ‘Nhat thccoematin dees te LOC Te sim on ade with Shonen an ten nr Snes tle he propre es 2.13 “Testnt o Tet fig ight “Te mining high sccoring to elowort (1072, 3) ithe igh akove he alae Ahrugh hich lay vigorous mang eu” Theor the mining ight ‘Siam to over i tutble snow conn ant fo be undtingd when the ‘Bis lye sable. Plime tapping eros when the pum ebupped between he ‘pound stae anda sable yer slot Sacha ble ayer ree eas the ming sgh Bly gn Hewson (962) hive suggested te use ofan euntion ha ncaa forte nlp ey rftsction frm bine oun adhe tube yer where the felch ofthe sae Layer and 3 3 ordain! to ica the refocons any Sigusnce The cipal psiin verily oving te inng heh he ‘Stace onthe fe ces othe ming height piste sane fe he ming feign o he eset heihHawever al er pose combos of mal ey fect teen the ground ud the king high ve been clued 27. This ‘Stoners fr eepo thane cls tothe sate igure 26 The pot of 60 $59 fanton of downwind sane fom teu,3 ea] of Saar) | of SEE] } ) 0Figure 298 uQ wih distance fo vrous height emission (fH) itso Figae29C Qwitter ris eights of miso (nist Neal Sagerson, say Xena person, Coat‘Chaprer 2. gure 29D U0 wih stance fo various eights of emson (Ha nits 0 Renna dagron sa, Leni nkosi sel 10 wih tus for sara eps ofemision Esti.‘20 with diane For various sighs of emis (1, Fi, 21S Determining Grountevel Concentration ops ‘often one wishes to detemin te lctions where concentrations eel or eeed 3 [Gren gave Fist te ml posto fhe pur mast be detemine y the ean Sind dren, For tg nope of pounce coc ean °) xy H) [ ? | e008 2a? “The y stone of pana pth from the xis can be termined tea wand ance x, Sao th ne wiher knew he ots sane fo te ruplin nah xe 600m, onder Poel sah, whew Ge exude! ‘eters dy owrnind ft sce ahs sant 829 17 ge iso oof- Ey] > SRR. SL = os cn ee a ber Fro Be. when exp 71 = 0348, vy = 146 ga" From Tle 25 fr sabily Band x5 60m, gy =975. Theo 1m. Ths he dst of he 107 wap om te ean oad Uns "Ths can ka be determin! fom [eft J] ew poted. After me of ous have been pled for iftet down dstnce the lnc soph my teow Ger sens cans in pe) Fre SS0'A'E pret grantee! apo gu fovea aaler frees a frome! = han gue 21 AF Get prune pa fer on ene Nigam Forni tebe WS gm wpa tng ond soso Sg! dB shy eon th wl esl? in em it roth coped as sce ee iy onkcta Bowe" 0m go ajo ameranbe We Tete er pn Figs tonnes he of re eomeapntion woe tha aleees NE a‘Chapter 2 gs unos 3, pom en aE s0 SI. GOL tseJaga 84s‘eka oemeile is selina ‘Chapier2 8.9" 0p 25H) MLOipure2.11D topes of 0 fora source 100 meters high D sbi.Chaper2 26 Anes Wihin ope ave heroines of gum megr w Serna fr won me ees Gi gs lo SEIS Bee acpi ef be OS a soe ime ph abou tes 10m tL ih ‘= we ie e Figure 2.12 Ava within ope fora gowaevel sours Tee piace ana Cao 196) 2A Reviowof Assumptions “Tne Gain dpeson tat has Deon dics in hs chpter at een based on ‘SSiptone ha aed oe ley wars 1) Te eisin i cetinsous fo he sauce oa minimum the ems aking Phe onpes pt than the ve me owt sane ove wind pec he Spain) pon under coidrton, thar fis along he upmin-sownins 2) Te meal ing diapered is stable omc) gs eo (es fan 20m Etectve set) wish eine sensed ine oe Toss. ‘file. ie one of he muri emi sol from he plane a i ws own and ie i cope elton trend nde ang ih, 4) The mean wind con specifies the mahi, the wid speed te gt sve ‘Pound fe ot of teach op) epee aig wi 5) ae where gesifelly mons the pla coated msl Inve he rw nd vera dseston 6) The in in Fis. 29 and 24 eps! concentration verging tine paid oF SBowtgs to 10 me ‘enfin depen bye fe Gin cain ae en eseSeapets guess BgEER a Hae peees a sees ie uses AEERE peeeeChapter 2 Estimates of Atmosphere Despersion: peer gggee anges“ae # 4 gga Hee PE He ‘Bee: 3358 Bee < aheadEstimates of Acmorpherc Dispersion Chapter 2 RERRE 2989: sddde & ~ SEEEE REI BoSSe aanee dd iad BRa8a © dg dbs: dedsé ddddg dedag ad HEChapter 2 fA ane ane i gees 8 gg ggegg ggges seaae ERRge 2EEES dase dsazeCHAPTER 5 ERFECTIVE HEIGHT OF EMISSION ‘A important consideration in hing drs nines i toe he proper ave ‘atemsm sbovethe pound Alnaph hs ph ay be the ysl helt oF (hese, boca of Gonaty Serena etn sack ses ue nb a ete Iisyto be some pineal release “his lame ve my be de othe moreno fhe ele, the man of goes eles Tims ecu vooty. However, these buoyant rl, ae one dest Tne eons eo hgeremperatue,ne el To pohges ree et Shaan thea ng msi a fight sr tempos, jute wil gestern ta dao orem ‘Mkts meat wl be sia win 3 oa seconds er se ‘Tete of boyuny wil prt wm uf ambient a enna i the Pe to ower ie emperor tha of he amen Depending woo he Jee of rtlen th fro buoyancy ily tke pls oe a four as 1 Sac-tipDownvash Atri ta of sacksip downs ft he ges fw pre that {Rem nth fuss Teele tat yi ey ah eral ea oma i {hcl psu tein dnd of he stack an is shed Fo he ack sd eels enim te pessg ow Imedsely the low peace repo Depts o be {sod and ater ey ros nts pps eon frst she tf {Sothefow, Tato clled Karmen vores ser the id dramacist Thode von armen ithe sgn lening te sek nt sews the stack als ps of the ‘rotor the pune maybe aot nts ow pes he ep ose eis ad wl elomcid som, Ameo creas forts elles! was sugges) Bree (197% 13) The comstion fo mbt an incre! rm pal height fhe sch the rao of extend speed a stack op. es an 13. ‘The coed Dalen oe B= Rs 210p)- £31 on Tro eget. gassed tt hte tcp vw and the ‘erected sn te suns he py hehe Note ht te asim conection 3— 232 Mavpancy Fie ‘ox penne mesa eh yan manta i an en ta a aera Cnt one peace the her se. To cate Dyan, IME boyancy ox ms ate caesed sig 12, p63 of Bigs (1978 F ev@arnety 6 wojny aa mé SS Siueaion of pry, 98 ms sek crete SE pos tempera nus ambient sir temperate, K ‘ook patonpertre 1.3 Final Rise for Unstable Neutral Conitons 221 Unsable Nate! Buoyant Rise We wil fin case opt is or mtb anneal conions, The ame se spl ey emis hn ee eed by ng FE i lone daa These hte ifen equation ted for Boyeney oe ae hn $3 nae egunon fr buoyancy i sae than 8. This author ten set thc maybe dot ener rae ambi eg ie wh ‘Me pluneteing diferent for aire plume sas “Toc he fe i for Fes thn $8,686 HS of Bigs 197D, ont 21.25 Pa os Fe equal or gtr tha $5,047, pf Brigas (1970 21163871 5 69 232 Unstable Neutral Momentum Rise “Teal cakt byte apprise een hen compared wih he ws meet Smcnam rere teaoused fem eq 8.2 p39 rm gps 199) ait=3d vy 09 “The tight of the momentum o buoyant re then wed, This completes the ‘Tian al efor ual erase condition, $4 Fla Riss fo Stable Contos 2A Stale Buayan Rise “To cela the fia pune Hise for sale cons, nema varie, the ‘Roly para a utbeevalte Prop 103 af Beggs (171) 8 sateen on whew. sedeton of gravy. 98 ms" fue Shane of ena terprare wih eight Rin Pe men sitempertte “he change of pte temperate wi igh elie to he change of temperate sh eit ids wetite + oa where Fis he adaic lpee ae and ea 6 00088 Ki. Note ht te big Braet dod ny by parame val ell to the siospee and 8 euundeee op ck codon “To dreamin the nl ne ander able conan he bya Hse is dee fn 53, pe Brigs973): 86-26 19099 09 “Te stable tojonsy site for cal conse determin Gao 8-82 in Tgi95 aaa 3i8 can 32_Stible Mometan se "The stale met einen bye 4.28, 9 39in Briggs (968: at 1 51022 Te Ts 26 ean “Tees for ute neutal moment at=340by or ‘sas eve ag ihe lower val fam hse er wo equstns eset the Fal‘Chapter 3 “Thistle moment ised th tae nan’ Fe tried dove ae compe diate ghor elo en al sable 215 Final Ete Height “Toe efecve eh ofthe pane tried by ata he psi Delp of he tsk (Hiss ersckp dash andthe SH dotermined sve tong he bya pe he temperate exces ov he rounding amos. AL i comina! to nT par outed to dst th nee rota aie fe fe ne wh amp on ‘Somatedplune oil have the momentum eect dsipsted over a mich smaller time orate aps a ills 3040 songs Deca of he son dro of the ‘Seat ete monn pues ame to have achieved ts Hl ‘il very marth sores ru the son onto dual Rie Hover, oe buyer plumes the gal or tansional ee while he temperate iSfaien ecurng is caused fr al map ondtions, nb eal or Stal conaions wih allowing sgl eqeton, whch sth piv fe. 3.9 Tosoin Biggs oT Ad. OFP 2B y 4, ou wet is the doweind ita fmm he sous inmates IF he ee ad 0 ‘Sis tan to om teapot egton above fr il, th iis Rg ‘Spel ors ubune bye ee dtc onal and he fale ale soul he sca 217 Distance to inal ibe ‘The above equation, 318, cate et eg athe vai etn fr he xian of ‘aa Maja ansaid eth dotnet lie wnt The essa: For nb etal, FF < 38 y= Fs ew) For nb etal for 2 58: ny = use 28 ey Forsuble aot y ot ye tes a1 38 Pome Rie Used ia TUPOS 1a onan the TUPOS nde for lve oop eases, Tame (985) moog ‘gp (198) sation so ht plame ie cul beet ayer bjs ha the ‘rads of congo voria sus of wand a empeare cols beled The ‘ethos employed a suman nth Append 0 Tomer! 3-93 suming pt dstbution of lame, ts, ioe concenxon tation ‘fom pune Doro pume op he pe skness een the pe the ‘opal the pune 1 Stine te pame ie sbve te Sak op andthe lame bos An inate he pane top trie ing Sines e898 9.381 in Boggs ce bo Esti stryen223 a8) on ere Feat tanyancy Me sock op nt 2° speed atte top ms + totae sno eo, me WSaettep.m ‘Using this esimate of he top ofthe pune above te sch top an teri esti is modesing LS uimeseg 697». 350 gas (1988). 121F 0025 + 069125) ow) ie coovcie sing parmetes,H, Tener, 1986 peste a ado esimate ‘inde rom Somes 10H. 351 tae (989) 5 [Fo 25) 6% wee Fy and ve efron Ht (2, he comet sel BHYe PTH) ‘celeron of svi. 98 m ‘Srfae semble eat fa ts Sec teat atcpstat psa, 24a KT Eacmincg singh sw elation fer dens his can Be rewien He = oop Hyp whee op atmospheric pressrinh, sa the cmt! 04280 has unis of mi mb waeChapier 3. For unable conan the lowe of hs 49 eines is wed othe pane tap, For Fees et here cde exceds 01K ev he wer ofthe oct shove seen tne fer suain re eve, The rt. ens eg Bs Sain gas 8) tetsizgR tes!) om get 6 3 in rigs (1988), th he cnet et 89 for were “Te second is 69 867.9 ‘Bunun te poe ors o2n wre ds the ck danse, The lower of ese wo exits then compared with RCSL Gin nae lower ue ken athe esto he sable plme wp. {he etn of he lane op hin tear of metaroogl coins being ao ire Ti sumed vane bos fund an he plume fp TY SOS at Satie etetne plore fight is 23. Ir tisabve wiser it isasuned oak ote nxt yer, An esti mae of Fete a Fp xing etapa sae nd ned fr exiting We SSltnat nae the nat layer. The Fi csimated from one ofthe following fur Festa Sing upon whe equsin hove pce he pune tbe exit, The tte ten tas whe the sone the ap of the ger Blog ‘Shia sbove sack Feat oP 2a, ox) wie Heber om ge ap W827 om) Fee ita) us03 02) gs ieee 3429 SBN 626 rhe plume ie eimation ten poceds in the nxt ae along (1 (wih te aa in Fst ft Fy sd sing he wind speed a temgeratse NREL 42 iin new pum op Sate the igo the Hot fh ew [Schone stuck ops aed oe esto exh ton. ‘hiss sominud lyerby yer et he lame tap est conned within ye. carne seectaL-Tortcs “44 Conversion af Concentrations “The concevtins from dgersion eutos ae gener expressed in terms of 8 er ome, tly gine percube mete Some of he a guaty samping emer ‘ie pee encore sta tanga tne nh ois oe p¥=mRTM an semophrg pes svelte 2s versal gascoan 0.0891 mi (malt Siok empeae K ‘pleealr wight (me The uve ga const is nent so tht consent nit can Be asd fr the vemeTip a2 So tht if she mass in gram of potisant i a abi mtr of it then Vs the Solum ince eon inact ar Tce etna ‘pars pr pt) = 22) RDP MD) «> «42 Dispersion Using Flctuntion tats Feloning te adie of Pagal (196) estimate dispersion ety from brzoal nl venta fection sates, mee orzo snk deviations, Oy and ‘ric! snd devine gy canbe sed 1 nae Oy and tay and Pll Tl er 195" 595 copes van whch ean waco. ral (1976) aus equsons wih the Gacations in adn sng the sl angle rocmaon ‘These fan be rosten wht heel nae appa an te ‘Manton ais expres in dete tuo, 4‘Chapter. ato fs a) the sud deviation ofthe ama ale (win erect of te wind whee Dlecn sublime pod, a Hou Segre. xe thes devin athe nto pe fh wind oes sme Tierra sve, eens Drolet aay asprin dat from a number af eld experiments in rer fo Tete apne for fr fa gore 1 ake nt acct aby td toe ghee win (98D) shane ld and sets he om it 409 7) 46) for bah fy and fy Tie tne ie rom sure 0 eee and ate constant Ta is 10D foe € Ty 8 50D for fy for unstable Cineluding date Neutral) conditions Ruhiin so orf ane Glan gtine pera odo Note ht in wing tes qption the dsperson 3 futon of wind speed a wll x ‘ietutulen facaons ‘ice th the ional and veil actions vary ih ght above grou i SEEutp we hnow a wha eight tee ognaons sold te mens. twin (983) 25S Gehing et. 1987) supe thar hee sold epee he eel ofthe eee Fangs “Tuneeevat (98) nthe we of the EPR Becic Power Research Tet) cole the Kina paver lst im cenal ins for evan fhe ‘ROI TUPOS unt tt wing te eranion tts hat are epesetie for Bal Co tetwcrn te rund andthe eee height case pve baer res. Sie ‘ee plume helper oury burn espore to changes in wid spk Sr stagtorvar how to ase imran 0 tke the popes Mesremien owevertisean apart be aided Ry mating Rotation mesures at tei dese sting the weil sect f te atmosphere hough say wrest ns Nocoston sss for any height above ground canbe need 4.3 Concentration a Into Meakp Fumi ‘A outac-bse insti may be cited by te ward taser of ssi fest ‘RanHE pou sutaee whch tat sree mamer than te venga Tos {San leurs when gound eben armed by slr adaton or we sn FESSL 0 rehtnetysurmswtace: Ineo stan plans previo emis ‘Rot sac mr th sae ayer wil be med erly wen hy areca by Pee Mail poumdenl consatons cm nee. Thi pees called esos Soul ty Hewson ad Gil (948) nd Hewson (158). Equations (etn eonceneatons with tw cons bave ben gen by Hold (153). ESSN oeby Gato (1960) Mery an Hewson (196), aa Pole 0965, ‘ue ha ep minal sited an 9a er ey sh ‘Smsquton fore pounlevelcocenaton when he nes fas en imme sei oL foremmne any CaF aypom onl where pth Hey snd diced blow alo fr nya nbn co be nc anil us Tae ibe claunard up te efleave Sul high ft ple 9 sane a ‘etme doa oh bl cman ihe ayer hme Ep 87 cm wwe af) anlPaeum "L Foye! . whee by = He2q = healie2a, A ety is eoounteed in estimating a eascable vale fr he iota dpeion ‘couse in iting the sable ple doug a vera ph some aadional zonal Spreading occurs Probl 23 i Chg hs spel ged see , ‘fe sbleconins wed, he potable rs woul be nme cocenatons Bact {ton acta oneness an appronmatin sors by Bly nd Hen (tz that he dpe the pls presi evar thang 5 the oy er Senin tata on cos Cre conn a ot ehh the “Sieve poh mene po awe comet as 110 ha dutho coments of 2153 rhe pane cn) 218 (sabe) Hoan 3° of = ee 6 = oyteabiey+ HsChapter Figure 1 Dig shwing sumed eight hy and 6 ing Somigtion, foros Ezuion 43. ke sack, oh iverson ot een mine 3 lune he emi tang Hae sere eae eetilons Theses the het dwn dance Pe coma fo sh oa a conaaiesmtte poste sed om he ine eed {2a meson pron oe mt iy red no ae scram ctmnte finvrson rom the pia ig ofthe tk th 8st nt pid art Is depend upon Bah te stength of he inven a th rat of esting te ‘aden 1965 hn dove amexpeson for esting hs ne Pate Oem that fa tine reir forth sing ayer to deel fom ep he where Seite p ote plome, se og ambient i densi g spesifiheat of srt constat presse el! ttt ny tig fen i eur by sr vertical pose epeatie rain K pponitly Spon 0.098 Kant 1 beihtarbae ofthe ven slice! te stove lame, pips lao te ck, n Note ht h-hh hint of he per to Be Red a (+ is he average eign ofthe Iyer AbBoogh depends on season st lou oye a wats Sonu hime, Pober(96S) as wed ale 97 7 ca Ws is amare fervomiaton Hewson (194) ako suggested a med of esting theme sie 0 limite an Invenio toa high yan megan Taos ip 8 113) teen) in 1 elo whih he neon as ee ind Key driv orket m2! Rewringtocompar wih (4.10), tn = PIER oy ork. ews hs snggs aloo 44 Pat Penetration of Panes Through the Misng Height 1 mig ie ta ih ad a wn ure ne eo geal wage of approtinating the ont of te fume tht pence To etc Sues tn ic concen dan rely uni fay Se fotap ip asin snd ht be ces fh lan eal he lame Wai sep 1381) = Using the plume rie rough pers given in hap 3th pane ad bso can be ntrmine The ming gta he ame bor eb he pls ap Mis {he plame ttn wl gee prion oe pe snes mig Heghsense as 45 Concentrations at Groundevl Compared to Concentrations the Level of ect tsk High rom Elerated Contos Sours “Tor ar sever ines relaonsips tewoen graundleve concerns sod fonvenntan tthe level othe plume cern Ose of the & atthe ds of Summ conentaion tthe rund. AS rough npprouiaon the mocimact owner ty ate Ghee (120) Te {fporinaion tc tte for unblecondsins thar Frade coins, Wh keprevimstan th ao concn ple cent tha he rons wtx0H) 05 (LO-rexp-ase@nvay?) 00) ‘ap Ostia, Subs fre ra 10.002", heaton eas 38 “This cakation nesta the diane of maxim roudiel concentration the ‘ccna me cnr pester by abt eh. 1s oof incre to dazrine the reatonship between oy abd sch tht th ‘onenion a roanlevel at ven stance othe source fab he sie se ‘Soncenatin 3 plume level Tis codton shoal cur whee we f o [- =] = 05{ tea FPrniom’t nope) ™ 46 Tota Daage fom a Fst Release J =| whee y= ta dog, ge am QkE ttruaen Dye = “The shold be epsetie of he tie pero vs which Ie fk aes ae {ind car shuld be keno conser he tanh lng thir pate pase ‘rut rae Large ear cam ely aca he al et owe scaly The‘Chapter 4. etna of his uh sup nrg ic with sorte elses, can ‘ShokepneninGure sm Su'Oy sin canes 447 Crowin-Inleeated Concentration ‘The sroundlevel eres nerd concen ifn fines, For a continuous TEES ce ths coneemeton i deemined fom Exton 2 igre with ‘Sento y fom 2104 (illo, 1960) ig 2a we ] 8 ew] - a9 GPa e Bee tow = te dfn engines te tne ouvng cya cero en Fa ir downsides from rossend tne ovate of ning see i a Wy tue een ea re eh ay ceo enn we see ese my of he te thou esi or depen, he (ic Sieh ama i mc pe eS 48 Variation af Concntratins with Sampling Tine Consents dy downing ete ith sampling te Cee en inc weed eins of wid crac. Sowa, Ga ee Shsatte i nem cnceatin fseei flows SON fn rsp rea Sms ae hal En ib ees a same power tw api fer samp es FO SOS Winmwcebotn a hye se we ato penton ae he FORALL Shin toy nds ar rato of pa ome ocean ei ot tts goth above pow ew where cheran® Of Mae ae brome il fm ae ls se cored tem ihe plore ach He abe indars ht (% eing sme tan ceva uc is of ek i sterge concent cred oe 0 grec ant Sin (I) a Singer (98) hw a of a eons per soon tay of eames an the Pe ii msm Nowe (00) pha Mee cls Se once gan! ne sping ie o's ser reeyad bas an bres vente exons nem DS ‘Tete elon ae show a Tble 2 “ile nas pone mei = 7, No hs Tie leper poised geron cole’ ater tan open sampling el Teast trenches lf of ping ime te etc Toble42, Variation of CleuleéConcentaion with mpg Tie “Ssnpling Tine Tatoo? eked Cocentaton to Thee Mine Cotati Faia To ‘Sms oe hur oat hows ast abou 036 empl. If it is pcessary esate concen from a ial source for tine fnansis raner than ow minster he est estima pe ave ae on te = HAP an whore gested conematon simate forthe sample 2. comenttion estimated frie shor sampling tins {rota sea Sits) 7 P teteen 17 0.2 4 417 roby ou he pe mo april sain ines es an 0 igo (1968) cued the relainstine betneen grounds cise and Sampling tines. He fen at forthe samping tones between 1 mi veto ors the concentaons were proporiaa Sap te fo th 0 ower. alo {ncales ht te". pomer wrod by Nowe (160 tm hy veel for Snpig es estas 10 er" Tale 43 esa rm vlc ed om He pe how the ates of concerts for ars aerapng ti 0 hat Yr one our ie bien 9. ‘Teble 43, eka Mean Concentration Rts Hina (1958) Peto Peake Onetiow SOs L Todines 3 soSconds ‘ol,‘Chapter 4. eer 49 Btinaion of Seasonal A ‘om Single Pallant soc at i at ns fm a od ayo ey. estat of ca el na consent eps: ny reson SFSERAG OTST Es ame elont Sta Say Ary ae roan i ea assy A ned ome ga he aun of eet ft sear tbe uly 6 pi and wn perch fesely ns case) Tr OTS cs contin om Sons 010 seas) A sy wi se SsESe eo rn ores Pana iy he wind Secon pci 6 pis and ised ha te we tons et dane ey oar agro ofa month erase ean TANS Sena fe eon nierly Sart eth oot wan he Stent Joule $0, Holand 955 Te prin seston Fe Se Cn fr spe wind ped an sbi ene : 20 [ w ] = 8 ow |- cus) "Galop ote aie) Dae ame . exp asi, Fi ° == wy quien ex eyeing apa wiser table yer lt isting the daibton. 20A0SN) [ 0 = z Goes uyi@nnvt6l whee RUS.NY—fragoesy ding he rid of tes the winds fom peace, 0: forth bit conto, 5, al he Wd scl ‘Special Topics "5 Gest codon * le fete eight of lea er te win peed oy ‘ere sail wind roe infomation cnn be tine,» esnderaprointion ‘nay be made of saan or aol average concen by ste he peat id ‘os nth sre mar an asin iene DI as Don 410 Metsoroloia CondonsAssicted with Masimum Concentrations For roa! ous the maximum cancion cc with sable coon onions wie prs 8th pleat hve wera le Upson re egat te the ground. Thse ecu ls oth pit of emson en eerie Ito 3 ack Hig) These concematns fe sul fil general est Boca ofthe ey ‘hort drs; comer be extn othe mal eee ins web. For elevated sources, maxim concertos for tine perils of few mister ocie ‘wth nsable cons albegh he concerns Moccia ne hse anon th concerns averaged over fo mins ae sil ih ce to ‘hoe found under other contin Te dare oh mucin nc sa ree the sack. (rom 1 t0'5 effete hxphis of muon downwind) the ‘Socnn drop of pil dum seeing an or ovate sources, minum concentration for tne ero of cout a on hur en ‘car with fmgaton condone when an snub ier mcese vray act Ste haring to mit Jownor apne pevouly discharged with 4 sb per, ‘Wah small plumes athe fomiaina Ean scr cls the source ut wil of ‘lately shot rstn orp plume rhe tgaton wal oso some Sans From the sack (pertags tes of klomten) tt ean puis Tor Tonge ine ea CConatatons omsidealy fer tan these arid wiht ftom, bat of Senne, can oir ith neta ruta conios whe he Gap pean! ‘Sterne byte extene of smoe se lye shoe he pan for esa ISvesionThisie aly reredta ape ppg Under sale condkons the manu concenions st grouvel from eed tourer are estan tose occuring ner unble conde an Sch way {Suances fom te ance ‘Howcre the flesce fermen manson tees ‘oncnton or stead nic cndtons onl factor of far fev ehs ‘129 mtr anda for of 3 fo fof 75m scons the ble tiny ce st secre se eT sy spun ne eS‘Chapter 4. 4.1 Dua so Wi Spd — ‘annem Concentrations at the Cot! Wiad Sperd Wind sped has to ees on a ome that is uoyney oe moment Fe: ition {nome rhe there Wm plume the te highs grounder! conentans wll ‘Seu es wind see wen hector a. Bat fe momentum o fSoyun rue te igh nd conn wil im sen wo th mum dion, se hn pistes pte es At cota o os te high wind tion ck ‘Sse foes pee bat ol cane age ion, Between hse aes Sing sel til came a at ue the san termed stn od it Soi he masta tocoraon Ts wind ced at eats te get Stketatn ons sou ors gansta one es te ee a Steele compe cous, PELL (ace sk 9H, wes dese fo ake 2iStuons tr tent poste win get aul sbi chs coninaons From aspen fhe es fom ha mode 8 posible to appoint he ical ind pad forse sy 482 Concentralins aa Resp Poit fom Several Sources Sawmills aces tk eve 6 coir the rece st ‘Sing aie tino te ape soda stem The sore recep geometry oven be word ont merel by Sewing orn nan sal oped OM ‘ie recur and eemmng the rowan nce of ack ore elton th Si "3 fined at by itd (99 te cncnratan a0) from ne {SStentenon Se) fom sure fh) em cord sie wh the ak ‘Shrowit igure 2) Tea sonerason ten gen by seing tne Ici ten dia © dasrine the sempre condoms of wind secon, wind ‘pes ity wl eu nt amar combined eee om Wo of ew ances This hah ost reply aoe mde terrane sch ‘oat us he cn pot cc wis fey Of once prea ting th imate Tor each bur a th ea ad demining cond he eh ‘Ge cabaion ofeach consent fora gen wero tine Sa sng the ip {tu second hgh hac te mae 4.13 ura and Ura Dispersion Parameters ‘he Pusqul-Giflond dspenion parameters which were inoduced in Caper 2 ae sora to be sop fr ft wes. Pasgl (1978) nited ht ese wee ‘hoa ace ees eg 2 om Moy and Poker (968) ways the eis of racer expetinet conducted in SL {un and repel the rest Consdeing tha dla and uh Begs (173) ‘eacdthe eunion gen n Table forurtun endons. These ue stow ie Figure 3 from ifr (1976), Vals or vara suse to ese dstnees eter faible 3 theca of te caper. For met snexper consons tee Ucn ant cna at ane ling he he tevin itm Nara hs rest ofthe ele oan Fest sed the src ad paver Jong the atin ‘The ype civ ste ome ‘ro angi by hs Germ nha Cosson hate vse ae, Faw 42 Comparison of sates nd espa oot sen 414 Exponent for Power Law Wind Profiles Specie eaponens se fequemly sed in the power etn (etion I.) for inset of td ped thigh responding to cach Pas sali elas Tse {Seven Tate feral sd nun SnesChipter 4 Figure 4.3 Bigs aan sspersion parameter cy and. Sue: Gift (1976) “Tbe Un Diprsion Patsy Briss ‘vee 2 = ae 03221 4000089795 028 e(t +001 x5 © 022 x¢ + 00008275 om > 6x (r+ 00008 72S 14 (1 «00000275 BF ot x(t + 00008995 ne (1+ 000152795 Fo dices between 1a 10000 meter “Table 46 PoworLaw Wind Pie Exponent Past ‘Wied ‘vind Say ote Proie ‘Ca Exponent Exgoent a om bis 5 amr ons c ato 030 5 us 3s E 3s 30 F ns 30 445 suoyaney-tnduced Dispersion ‘The Gausanpointsoure equation sed wih te Pasi Giford parameter or ‘tustcondion or the Briggs pars et he ou oi was pose [very mal se Te eye inaced dapeson prove a tind econ Feet nt ie of esos ‘The racist thar cases the ap gro the [Biv once the nnn fet tte pare he plane i amined by momentum te shearing mnton btn th veil ing read ects nan th etme. Baja ing panes hve 3 ong Spe af action nh cc edses cating ete aoe Ps ple Fo be Inlotion of hve elles, the nil sie fe le Sealed acon othe gra lone ue The proudest earihe suce an th mats ie st he of maximus Ashe pe afl te wind od become bral‘oi all Is ase tote tsi symmetric! in th orn ante vez a he plume “Tere, hese Hes ner be point frees are asm case nl Horie Tena ume es hate eal. Te oss ores es = amas «2 “Tel es tha for raul for donning anes esta the dsc final {he The fil ls ae for Usa ta yond the dance 1 al pame e SF Al og ac ued wh he devon protein th lowing 9 0 es «2 ) 2 Ge = 16? Ge = (oe ‘The effec of inating tanyancynfuced sipensan f 0 ncese the digersion esung te coments ne pie, Thi fle sone, ae tele Sores he efit on roundel concent’ small Ter cleo f Retention hoe "eon spc mea pume evel, the couse ecctons il be mow rea ih te iets of (is 28s) plume Senne 416 ren Soares In determing concentrations suing om age mabe of sources sch in ban ‘fea tee fay br fon many soucer 'o cone the dpeson fm each one ‘tal Ofn an approuton on be made by combing alo emsions na nen se ond eating is ac tv sure fog a ital Roto snd Ein ope A vu Une, sy cam ten be fund that wl gives boro Sond thio, Tes jst dBc that wil ye he apap val fo Torin say, "Then eqns frp sofces ny be wed, dering y 0 4 Ica haan faces Hating 0, The plan Iporonnaton fore dahon sons an ren source The ntl sad devon ites gure nes sous can be apposite by Sg = 4.3 wheres tenho ‘Slcfthe wea ee Pree 3, Ire emisins within nae ae fo ying fete stock eis th variation may {etpsimued by wings yy he sonnd dvs fhe nial vere dstabon Ch suces A vial datas can be oun, and gum sure equation wed oe ‘aig conceetion determing 88 fonton o=_aZ2s 417 Topoetaphy Under contin of egal tpography the dt ppltn of anda dispersion baton fin invalid I see stanton the bes one maybe bl t do the he ‘onto nav epriants st atthe op lit fhe cannons ily Fr example 1 clei the apenas on ilhide downing fom na fain the Scare ad atthe effectve Source tight the eqn fr ceneniten oh ete te plume 2) wl yd he highest expe concerns. This wel sey seposnat te sao ier sabe: contions shen tc plan plone ex ily ecu he ile Unde usable onions ee How smote oes ‘overthe l we Probiem 2). With dowestope Now when he eepo int sows tion ht he sus, ely "smpton ft the lw purl the slopes Tes ne aloance Is ma fr ‘Erdos beween runlevel svat th sor sn see rote where pe oH wei tH peso, Nw is ey ote nepiilomch Anal cap orion bal. ar accomplished by using: Cot eae a0y08) = =|} Bite tance fom existe esiting Bnd he pose yn id totem deco he = ad The reson of azatl iperion of owl ft wales is somewhat aslo to resto othe vee penn by stl pe When te oy Becomes ret eough the concern on be sumed abe uf si he wi the valley ana the concentration ceed accering tte long union, wc neh cue Vine wih oe ay. 29 aleve (225)