Time Coded Script

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn
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10:00:00:10
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Aerial Scottish forest
MUSIC
EDWARD II: One king and one land is peace.
EDWARD II: Two kings in one land is war.
SCOTLAND
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River embankment
1314
Robert Bruce
TWO KINGS
Edward II
Robert Bruce sitting
Edward II
ONE BATTLE
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Archive Schiltron
repelling cavalry
Robert Bruce
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Bruces men
THE FATE OF A
NATION
Archive battle scene
Robert Bruce and
Henry de Bohun
encounter
BATTLE OF KINGS
BANNOCKBURN
Edward I
Aerial of Scottish lake
William Wallace being
killed
FEBRUARY 1306
EIGHT YEARS
ROBERT BRUCE: Rise now.

Where we have failed, we will try again.
EDWARD II: They will hunt him like dogs!
(horses galloping) (men shouting)
BRUCE: We are fighting for our lives...

BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!!
BRUCE: our wives...
SOLDIERS: YEAH!!
BRUCE: our children...
SOLDIERS: YEAH!!
BRUCE: and the freedom of our country!
SOLDIERS: YEAH!!
(sounds of battle)
BRUCE: ON THEM!!
BRUCE: AHHHHHHHH!
(thud)
(horse whinnies)
NARRATOR: At the turn of the 14th Century,
Scotland is a land without a king.
England's brutal King Edward the First
claims the country as English territory,
crushing the brave heart of Scottish rebel William Wallace.

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BEFORE THE
BATTLE
Scottish coast aerial
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Archive bees on
purple thistle
ROBERT THE BRUCE
NARRATOR: In the face of English occupation,

two men are clashing
over their visions of Scotland's future.
Both desperately want the reigns of power.
NARRATOR: Robert the Bruce, a renegade noble,
IN CONTENTION TO BE
THE NEXT
KING OF SCOTLAND
10:02:29:00
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JOHN COMYN
whose ancient ancestor was king.

And John Comyn, a Scottish lord
IN CONTENTION TO BE
THE NEXT
KING OF SCOTLAND
10:02:36:01
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Inside Greyfriars
Church
with royal blood on both sides of his family.

They agree to meet here to discuss a truce....
GREYFRIARS
CHURCH DUMFRIES
SCOTLAND
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Greyfriars exterior
Comyn approaches
John Comyn enters
church
Dr. Fiona Watson
BRUCE'S SOLDIER: Your weapons?

SIR CHRISTOPHER SETON: Have you any other weapons?
DR. FIONA WATSON: John Comyn is the man.
And I am sure he wasted no opportunity
DR. FIONA WATSON

AUTHOR BROADCASTER
AND HISTORIAN;
RESEARCH FELLOW
UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE
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John Comyn inside

church
Robert Bruce inside
church
Robert Bruce and John

Comyn
in making sure that Robert Bruce knew that.

These two young men are both very, very ambitious
and certainly did not get on.
NARRATOR: Comyn struck a bargain
to support the English king.
The deal turns Bruce's stomach.
BRUCE: He disemboweled Wallace.
COMYN: He is the king!

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VISION
Fight starts between

John Comyn and
Robert Bruce
Comyn lies dying on
church floor
Robert Bruce staggers

outside church
Greyfriars exterior
EDWARD J COWAN
WORDS
BRUCE: Not of our land.
COMYN: Who would be then?
BRUCE: I am.
NARRATOR: If Bruce wanted peace,

he's failed miserably.
He wants to be king.
Now he's an outlaw.
EDWARD COWAN: This was the worst possible start
for anybody who was
trying to make it to the Kingship of Scotland.
PROFESSOR EMERITUS
OF SCOTTISH HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
10:04:24:22
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Bloody hands of Robert

Bruce
Greyfriars exterior
Roger De Kirkpatrick
heads inside church.
It was an absolute disaster.

And if you're going to murder somebody,
you certainly do not do it at the altar of a church.
SETON: Is Comyn dead?
(sounds of a struggle)
Skirmish commences
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Comyns man
Robert Bruce rides off
on horse
Robert Bruce and men

gallop through forest
ROGER DE KIRKPATRICK: I'll make sure.

(sounds of a struggle)
BRUCE'S MAN: (shouts) BRUCE!
COMYN'S MAN: You'll be excommunicated for this Bruce.
COMYN'S MAN: Edward's men will hunt you down.
COMYN'S MAN: You're the King of Outlaws.
NARRATOR: The murder in the church
puts Bruce in the crosshairs of an English king
looking to trample the Scots once and for all.
WATSON: Edward the First is not going to have
any sympathy with this.
NARRATOR: This is the beginning
of a life on the run for Robert the Bruce.

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10:05:25:21
SCOTT McMASTER
SCOTT MCMASTER: He'll be a hunted fugitive.
PROPERTY MANAGER
THE BATTLE OF
BANNOCKBURN
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Fiona Watson
Interior of Glasgow
Cathedral
Robert Bruce
Fiona Watson
Bishop Wishart
Robert Bruce inside

Cathedral
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He has no choice whatsoever,

but to go for a bid for the throne now.
It's now or never.
It's either that or he's going to die.
It's as simple as that.
WATSON: So he does what any sensible man
at the time would do,
he goes to visit Robert Wishart, the Bishop of Glasgow.
NARRATOR: Bruce will find no forgiveness
from the English king,
so he turns to a higher authority.
WATSON: Robert Wishart,
who's long, long argued for Scotland's independence,
he says, Well, there's only one thing you can do,
and that's declare yourself King now.
At least as King, you can call out people
on behalf of the national cause.
NARRATOR: The Catholic Church wields power
above any monarch.
The Bishop decides to crown Bruce himself.
SCONE SCOTLAND
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Robert Bruce being

dressed for coronation
Elizabeth de Burgh
Fiona Watson
Elizabeth de Burgh
with lady in waiting
Ted Cowan
Exterior Scone Abbey
Bishop Wishart
NARRATOR: In the eyes of the English,

Robert Bruce is a murderer,
marked for death.
But by calling himself King of the Scots,
he becomes a freedom fighter
in the eyes of his countrymen.
WATSON: The inauguration
at Scone wasn't quite the event that I think
that Robert Bruce would have hoped, in his mind.
COWAN: When Edward the First had come in to Scotland,
and he took with him the Stone of Destiny,
on which Scottish kings were inaugurated.
How do you actually inaugurate a king if you don't have
the essential equipment present?
MATTHEW STRICKLAND: Even though this is

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blessing the coronation

10:07:10:05
10:07:12:06
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MATTHEW
STRICKLAND
a spur of the moment decision,

that is taken in the aftermath of the murder,
Bruce has a good deal of support.
PROFESSOR OF
MEDIEVAL HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
10:07:17:08
10:07:19:14
10:07:23:00
LYNETTE
NUSBACHER
And remember he is one of the two families

who have a very, very powerful claim to the throne.
LYNETTE NUSBACHER: But he has got to
HISTORIAN MILITARY
EXPERT AND AUTHOR
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Robert Bruce with

crown
Isabella MacDuff with
Lady in Waiting on
horses
ISABELLA MACDUFF
waste no time in letting everyone know

that he is the top man.
NARRATOR: You can't just declare yourself king.
The Scottish throne is built on ancient allegiances,
superstition and ceremony.
For centuries, Scottish kings
have been crowned by one clan,
the MacDuffs.
A REPRESENTATIVE OF
THE CLAN MacDUFF
10:07:52:15
JAMES DOUGLAS
Isabella MacDuff has decided to support Bruce's claim.
SCOTTISH GENERAL
LOYAL TO ROBERT THE
BRUCE
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Isabella MacDuff
James Douglas
Robert Bruce with
crown
Fiona Watson
James Douglas
DR. BRUCE DURIE

GENEALOGIST AND
HISTORIAN
ISABELLA: Take me to Bruce.

DOUGLAS: You'll fight with us?
ISABELLA: I'll do more than that.
NARRATOR: And so, a second coronation
for the would-be king.
WATSON: Well you want as many things there,
and as many people there,
to make it look good.
And that's why the presence of Isabella is so important.
DR. BRUCE DURIE: It's really all about legitimacy,
as has always been the case in Scotland.

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VISION
Isabella MacDuff,
Bruce and de Burgh
Bruce Durie
Crown falling through
air
Robert Bruce and de
Burgh
Lynette Nusbacher
Robert Bruce with
crown
Lynette Nusbacher
Robert Bruce with
crown
Fiona Watson
KING OF ENGLAND
EDWARD THE FIRST
Fiona Watson
Robert Bruce with

crown
Robert Bruce and
James Douglas on
horseback in forest
ABERDEENSHIRE,
SCOTLAND
Family on horseback
WORDS
The King has a fairly shaky grasp on the nation.
And it's important to get the support
of the nobles and the landed families and the chiefs.
You need to get them involved in a ceremony
which accepts that he is the King, to get crowned by
MacDuff, as would still happen today
if there were a King of Scotland,
and just be accepted as the leader of the nobles
and really, the first among equals.
NUSBACHER: Just having the tin hat put on your head,
does not make you King.
Robert Bruce has got to make himself King
in everybody's mind,
and if that means he's going to get crowned more than once,
he gets crowned more than once.
He is able to build an alliance of landholders,
relatives and people who all
want to see him rule Scotland
because it would benefit them.
WATSON: Of course, just because Robert Bruce
has been inaugurated as King,
doesn't mean that Scotland is in any way his to rule.
Of course, it's still run by Edward the First
as it has been since 1304,
and making himself King is more about
getting over the murder of Comyn,
or at least helping him to get over the murder of Comyn,
and giving him a platform, if you like,
from which to begin the re-conquest of Scotland.
NARRATOR: He might be king,
but Bruce is still a wanted man.
He sends his family north to safety.

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WORDS
led by Earl of Atholl

10:10:13:15
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KILDRUMMY CASTLE
EDWARD THE
SECOND SON OF
But word of the murder in the church

reaches the English king
before the women and children arrive.
ENGLANDS KING
EDWARD I
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Edward II
Bruces family arrive at
Kildrummy Castle
Guard
Piers Gaveston and
Edward II
Guard removes
burning log from fire
Castle burning
Edward II
Piers Gaveston
Ted Cowan
NARRATOR: Edward the First's men,

led by his son, Edward the Second,
put a price on the head of Bruce
and everyone he loves.
No Bruce is safe anywhere.
Everybody's got a price.
The English have found a man
in the castle willing to switch sides.
GAVESTON: He wants gold.
EDWARD II: Bruce is King of Traitors.
GAVESTON: What do we give him then?
EDWARD II: He's so weak. Give him all he can carry.
McMASTER: The guard who's looking after the castle
sets fire to a grain store.
NARRATOR: The castle burns to the ground.
Robert the Bruce's family and Isabella MacDuff
flee into the night.
They run to a church, Saint Duthac's Abbey,
hoping for safety in its sacred walls.
EDWARD II: We cannot violate the sanctuary.
GAVESTON: Of course we can.
COWAN: The King, Edward the First,
was not going to make any exceptions.
NARRATOR: Edward's troops slaughter the Bruce men,
including his brother, Nigel.
The women are captured and enslaved.
COWAN: His idea was come down as hard as possible
on any of the Bruces that you could find.
Poor Nigel was exactly drawn at the back of horses,
and then hung. The idea of hanging at this period
was not to break your neck with hanging,
it was to hang you until you suffocated, basically,

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WORDS
and that would take a long time.
It was a very cruel and painful death.
And then you were quartered.
Women who were associated with Bruce,
captured by the English, including his wife,
were humiliated.
BERWICK CASTLE,
ENGLAND
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Edward II
STONE AND IRON
LET HER BE HUNG
UP OUTDOORS
NARRATOR: Edward the First wants to use the women

to send a message.
EDWARD II: What will you do with them?
EDWARD I: Let her be closely confined
in an abode of stone and iron.
Let her be hung up outdoors in the open air at Berwick,
IN THE OPEN AIR

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AN ETERNAL
REPROACH TO
TRAVELERS
Scott McMaster
Fiona Watson
Bruce Durie
that both in life and after death

she may be a spectacle
and an eternal reproach to travelers.
McMASTER: They sent as a warning,
this is what happens if you place
the crown on the King of Scots' head.
NARRATOR: It is not only the Bruce women
that the English king wants to make an example of.
The Judas who betrayed Bruce, get's his greedy reward.
All the gold he can carry.
McMASTER: Edward rewards the guard by giving him gold,
in the form of molten gold poured into his throat.
You betray your own king,
well this is probably what you'd do to me.
(screams)
NARRATOR: Bruce's quest for the throne
is destroying everyone around him.
He retreats to Scotland's remote western islands.
WATSON: He must have wondered, What have I done?
I have brought down the wrath of God
for what I have done, and it's been my family
and my friends that have suffered.
DURIE: And for a long time he was almost a man alone.
McMASTER: I think Bruce

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VISION
Robert Bruce
WORDS
must have been in hell, to be honest.
NARRATOR: Bruce's life has lost all joy.
A king in exile.
A husband without his wife.
He must choose, live as a fugitive,
or fight for his crown, and put himself
on a violent collision course with the English king.
MUSIC
NARRATOR: Robert the Bruce's quest to become
King of Scotland
has cost him everything.
He's a fugitive,
his wife and children captured and enslaved.
JULY 1307
10:15:43:05
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SEVEN YEARS
BEFORE THE
BATTLE
Robert the Bruce
Archive Spider on
Web
James Douglas
Robert Bruce
James Douglas
Robert Bruce
Robert Bruce
EDWARD J COWAN
PROFESSOR EMERITUS
OF SCOTTISH HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
NARRATOR: Every day Robert the Bruce hides,

the oppressive English king hammers the Scots.
Bruce wants Edward the First dead,
but he's powerless.
Then fate intervenes,
and changes everything.
DOUGLAS: The king,
he of England, is dead.
DOUGLAS: The wicked son is to be crowned.
BRUCE: From mad king to hated son.
DOUGLAS: A bloody line of succession.
He'll inspire no love or loyalty.
He's nae a real king.
BRUCE: I am.
I am a king.
DOUGLAS: Yes, my lord.
BRUCE: Rise now.
Where we have failed, we will try again!
BRUCE'S MEN: Aye!
COWAN: Edward the First dies, and when Bruce hears this

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WORDS
he replies that he fears the bones of Edward the First
more than he fears the person of his useless son,
Edward the Second.
And while he was away, Bruce seems to have
had a long think to himself about,
How can we make an impact?
ROBERT THE BRUCE
10:17:26:03
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10:17:29:00
TRAVELING PATHS
OF SCOTLAND
END OF 1307
DR. FIONA WATSON
WATSON: He seems to have sat down and gone,

D'you know what? Everything I've learned,
everything I've known until this point: forget it.
AUTHOR BROADCASTER
AND HISTORIAN;
RESEARCH FELLOW
10:17:31:10
10:17:34:11
10:17:40:10
LYNETTE
NUSBACHER
I am just going to throw the rulebook out

and work things out my way.
NUSBACHER: Robert Bruce makes himself
HISTORIAN MILITARY
EXPERT AND AUTHOR
10:17:42:14
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Scots and English

encounter in forest
Robert Bruce
Edward Cowan
MATTHEW
STRICKLAND
the person he needs to be, in order to be successful.

NARRATOR: Robert's men learn to ambush and sabotage.
Destroying English strongholds,
picking off Edward's landholdings
across the Scottish countryside.
And then,
disappear into the forest like ghosts.
COWAN: And what he seemed to come up with
was that he could never really match the English
in fixed battle.
In a set piece, he was likely to be defeated,
so he had to come up with other tactics.
He developed what we would now recognize
as guerrilla tactics.
STRICKLAND: Ever since he's been on the run,
PROFESSOR OF
MEDIEVAL HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
10:18:36:20
hiding from King Edward's bloodhounds, in the forests,

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WORDS
and fleeing to the Isles,
he developed a form of guerrilla warfare
that is extremely successful,
but was regarded as being very unconventional.
LONDON ENGLAND
Castle interior
Edward Cowan
PIERS GAVESTON
NARRATOR: The old English king was feared and respected.

The new English king is struggling.
COWAN: Edward the First had this fantastic
military reputation.
Edward the Second could barely control his own nobility.
NARRATOR: Nobody trusts Edward the Second.
Nobles whisper scandals about his relationship
with his favourite aide,
and alleged lover, Piers Gaveston.
EARL OF CORNWALL
FAVOURITE OF KING
EDWARD II
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Matthew Strickland
Scott McMaster
SCOTT McMASTER
STRICKLAND: Edward the Second had a poor track record.

Politically he was already infatuated
with his favourite, Piers Gaveston.
McMASTER: He has a rather dubious obsession
with Piers Gaveston, a friend of his.
EDWARD II: Well I look forward to seeing it.
(Edward laughs)
McMASTER: Because of the favoritism
PROPERTY MANAGER
THE BATTLE OF
BANNOCKBURN
10:19:51:15
10:19:55:10
10:19:57:23
10:20:03:19
10:20:29:00
10:20:31:01
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10:21:00:08
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Gaveston murdered
Fiona Watson
Edward II
Bruce Durie
that Edward the Second squanders on Gaveston

and gives him land and titles,
why fight for a man who's not really seen to be fair?
NARRATOR: The English nobles don't tolerate it for long.
WATSON: Piers Gaveston is judicially murdered,
I think would be the way to put it,
by some of the most senior of England's earls.
So obviously, Edward is absolutely devastated.
NARRATOR: While Edward is battling insurrection at home,
revolt ignites across the border in Scotland.
For five years Robert the Bruce wages a guerilla campaign
against the English occupation.
He captures castle after castle,
pulling them down stone by stone.
DURIE: The Scots are very clever.
They don't go out to just meet him head on,

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WORDS
they actually take back or destroy these castles
one by one.
NARRATOR: He's taking back Scotland,
piece by piece.
Map of Scotland and

England
10:21:21:20
10:21:23:10
10:21:25:05
10:21:28:08
Lynette Nusbacher
NUSBACHER: What do you have to do

to beat the English in Scotland?
You have to make sure that their castles
can't control Scottish territory.
Map of Scotland and

England
10:21:33:01
10:21:34:07
10:21:39:10
10:21:41:00
10:21:43:06
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Edward Cowan
Fiona Watson
Edward Cowan
Bruce Durie
WATSON: He sees castles very much

as the focus of the English conquest of Scotland.
COWAN: He did not see the point in wasting
manpower holding castles.
WATSON: And certainly, as King,
the idea of these garrisons held against him
seems to have really riled him.
COWAN: So he would torch the habitations
inside and around the castles.
He would knock down the walls
and just make them no use.
DURIE: He's picking off parts of the chessboard
that he can control.
Basically he fills in the squares all over Scotland.
MARCH 1313
15 MONTHS BEFORE
THE BATTLE
10:22:23:15
10:22:26:07
10:22:29:18
10:22:32:18
10:22:37:10
10:22:42:15
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10:22:49:17
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10:22:53:15
10:22:55:16
10:22:57:02
Bruce Durie
Map of Stirling Castle
McMASTER: Bruce, by the spring of 1313,

is King of Scotland, essentially.
NARRATOR: Finally, all that stands between Bruce
and a united Scotland, is one keep,
Stirling Castle.
DURIE: It's basically a lump of basalt
in the middle of a marsh.
And if you're going to go north or south in Scotland,
and if you're going to go east or west,
you've got to go past Stirling.
It's the broach that holds Scotland together.
If you're going to control Scotland,
you've got to get Stirling Castle.

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VISION
Philip Mowbray
SIR PHILIP
MOWBRAY
WORDS
NARRATOR: Stirling Castle sits at a strategic bottleneck.
It's perched above a stream
whose name flows through history,
the Bannock Burn.
NARRATOR: The castle is governed by Philip Mowbray,
a Scot with English loyalties.
ENGLANDS GOVERNOR
OF STIRLING CASTLE
10:23:26:08
10:23:29:08
10:23:33:22
10:23:39:00
10:23:42:22
10:23:44:22
10:23:47:02
10:23:53:03
Lynette Nusbacher
EDWARD BRUCE
NUSBACHER: Robert Bruce has got to make sure

that Edward the Second has got no castles available to him,
and Robert Bruce does this by sending his most trusted people
to go into these castles, open the gates,
or even lay siege to these castles,
and reduce them so that
there are no English castles left in Scotland.
Edward, brother of Robert Bruce,
GENERAL AND BROTHER

OF ROBERT THE BRUCE
10:23:56:09
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is sent to Stirling,
because Robert can trust Edward
to look after his own interests.
Robert trusts Edward more than any other subordinate,
because Robert and Edward share the name Bruce,
they're from the same household,
and they both want exactly the same thing,
which is to see Robert as King of Scotland.
JUNE 1313
ONE YEAR BEFORE
THE BATTLE
10:24:43:20
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10:24:47:11
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Scott McMaster
Philip Mowbray
Knight Templar
McMASTER: Edward Bruce is expected to take

Stirling Castle.
Regardless of how it happens.
If you look at what Thomas Randolph were doing,
and what Sir James Douglas have done,
the castles are falling left, right and centre to those guys,
so of course Edward Bruce has got
the monumental task of taking
the most important castle in Scotland.
NARRATOR: Three months into the siege of Stirling castle,
Edward the Bruce begins to doubt
whether the castle will ever fall.
OLD KNIGHT: What would you do?

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Edward Bruce
EDWARD BRUCE I have a duty to my brother, and my king,

and I won't hesitate to make war.
But this,
this kind of terrible winning,
seven years of hell.
KNIGHT TEMPLAR: You can win this castle,
with time.
Starve them out.
EDWARD BRUCE: But it won't win the peace and truce of God.
KNIGHT TEMPLAR: Knights once vowed to protect and serve.
NUSBACHER: Edward is a good knight.
Edward is trustworthy.
Edward is somebody Robert Bruce can rely on,
but Edward is not a good general.
Edward doesn't understand politics.
EDWARD BRUCE: But are we against evil?
Or are we a part of it?
NUSBACHER: When Edward has got
the garrison of Stirling Castle
starved to the point of surrender,
he does not take the castle
the way Robert Bruce would have,
the way James the Black Douglas would have,
he makes a chivalric bargain.
NARRATOR: It's St. John's Eve, a midsummer celebration,
a night of magic and superstition
in medieval Scotland.
MOWBRAY: Merry St. John's Eve, good knight.
Bones for the fire.
EDWARD BRUCE: I thought you may have
brought me the keys to the castle.
MOWBRAY: Let's walk.
EDWARD BRUCE: Time's on my side.
MOWBRAY: It's 10 years since King Edward took this castle.
EDWARD BRUCE: We'll have it back.
MOWBRAY: It took the King himself
with 12 siege engines and the great warwolf trebuchet
bombarding Greek fire and stone,
four months to break this castle and 30 men.
You have nothing.
EDWARD BRUCE: I have time.
MOWBRAY: Then you'll need food,
Knight Templar
Edward Bruce
Lynette Nusbacher
Edward Bruce
Philip Mowbray
Lynette Nusbacher
Philip Mowbray
Edward Bruce

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VISION
WORDS
DR. IAIN MacINNES
and dragons.
EDWARD BRUCE: (chuckles) At least fires will keep them away.
MOWBRAY: Can you speak for Robert?
EDWARD BRUCE: It's my army.
It's my country. It's my King.
MOWBRAY: Then by the knights code,
I propose a pact.
DR. IAIN MacINNES: I think Edward Bruce
saw it as a means by which he could achieve success
PROGRAMME LEADER
FOR SCOTTISH HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF THE
HIGHLANDS AND
ISLANDS
10:28:00:19
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10:29:44:23
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10:29:54:10
10:29:55:15
10:29:58:01
Lynette Nusbacher
Philip Mowbray
Edward Bruce
Edward Bruce
Philip Mowbray
JUNE 1313
without having to lose any of his men.

NARRATOR: Both sides agree to stop fighting, for now.
The English have one year to resupply the castle.
If no reinforcements arrive by next St. John's Day,
Mowbray will surrender the fortress without a fight.
But if the English meet the deadline,
the Scots will end their siege.
NUSBACHER: If the English king
cannot send an army to relieve Stirling Castle
by Midsummer's Day, 1314,
then the English will give up Stirling Castle
and walk away.
NARRATOR: This simple handshake
seals the fate of nations.
Mowbray and Edward Bruce
think they've bought a year's peace.
But the truce will backfire.
MUSIC
NARRATOR: Robert the Bruce's brother
has just agreed to halt his bloody siege
of Stirling Castle.
MOWBRAY: Then by the knights code,
I propose a pact.
NARRATOR: The English get one year to restock,
re-supply and re-enforce the fortress.
If they don't meet the deadline,
they'll hand Stirling over to the Scots
without a fight.

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VISION
ONE YEAR UNTIL
THE TRUCE EXPIRES
Interior of Robert
Bruces tent
LYNETTE
NUSBACHER
WORDS
BRUCE: Oh brother!
Oh, what have you done?!
NUSBACHER: Robert Bruce was not best pleased
HISTORIAN MILITARY
EXPERT AND AUTHOR
10:30:37:01
10:30:38:17
10:30:40:22
10:30:42:20
10:30:45:17
10:30:46:23
Robert Bruce
EDWARD J COWAN
with his brother, Edward.

BRUCE: Damn you!
MacINNES: He perhaps sees it as forcing his hand
in a way he wouldn't have chosen himself.
COWAN: Bruce knew
that Edward the Second was going to march,
PROFESSOR EMERITUS
OF SCOTTISH HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
10:30:49:19
10:30:52:11
10:30:58:09
10:30:59:21
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Robert Bruce
DR. FIONA WATSON
that he was going to advance with,

probably the biggest army the Scots had ever seen.
NARRATOR: Robert the Bruce sees the deal
for exactly what it is a clock ticking down to war.
NARRATOR: So far, the Bruce's success against the English
have come from ambush, and surprise.
(men shouting, swords clashing)
WATSON: The English would have regarded him
AUTHOR BROADCASTER
AND HISTORIAN;
RESEARCH FELLOW
10:31:30:00
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10:32:04:09
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Lynette Nusbacher
Mowbray enroute to
as we would have regarded terrorists today.

NUSBACHER: Robert Bruce is
really good at going out and beating people up
if they're defenseless.
(men shouting, swords clashing)
NUSBACHER: Robert Bruce,
who's entire hold over Scotland is based
on his ability to avoid pitched battles,
has got to fight an English army
in the open, in the field.
NUSBACHER: Phillip Mowbray, the governor of Stirling Castle,

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WORDS
see King of England

10:32:16:19
10:32:19:20
10:32:23:00
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10:32:30:22
Lynette Nusbacher
DR. BRUCE DURIE
Is given safe conduct to go to England

and tell King Edward the Second that he's got
a year to get an army together
and bring it to Scotland.
DURIE: Edward the Second had tried, quite often,
to raise an army and engage the Scots
GENEALOGIST AND
HISTORIAN
10:32:32:21
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but he was facing so much criticism

from his own barons and earls.
I think a crucial part of the politics of all this
is that Edward the Second
had been in for a lot of criticism back home.
He was often described as cowardly
and unwilling to fight the Scots
and face up to responsibilities
LONDON ENGLAND
Edward II
Mowbray
DR. IAIN MacINNES
EDWARD II: What have you done?

MOWBRAY: I have resupplied and secured
Stirling Castle for a year,
without any loss of life.
EDWARD II: Then what?!
MOWBRAY: We bring an army north to relieve the castle.
We reinforce and re-arm by ship
by St John's day and we...
EDWARD II: They'll never come.
And if they do they'll never survive the field.
MacINNES: I think once Edward the Second knows the situation
PROGRAMME LEADER
UNIVERSITY OF THE
HIGHLANDS AND
ISLANDS
10:33:20:02
10:33:24:03
10:33:26:01
10:33:28:18
10:33:30:03
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and once he understands the agreement

that's been made between the two parties,
then the gauntlet has been thrown down.
He has to respond.
MOWBRAY: You will not have to fight,
just reinforce.
EDWARD II: We'll bring the vicious Welshmen
with their knives.
When the Bruce runs,

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10:33:39:06
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WORDS
they will hunt him like dogs!
And we'll have the Irish approach from the west,
and what Scots really support him?
He'll either stand and fight our knights
or be slaughtered by his own kind.
WATSON: There is probably a sense of great urgency
once the news comes in that the pact has been made.
BRUCE CAMP,
STIRLING
SCOTLAND
SCOTT McMASTER
McMASTER: Edward Bruce would have
PROPERTY MANAGER
THE BATTLE OF
BANNOCKBURN
10:34:04:11
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10:34:59:17
10:35:11:00
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Edward Bruce
Robert Bruce
Robert Bruce
and James Douglas
come to his brother and said, Look,

I failed at siege,
but I struck a deal with Mowbray.
And I imagine Bruce would be livid.
EDWARD BRUCE: We can have
a bloodless surrender of the castle.
BRUCE: Edward's army will come, It will nae be bloodless.
EDWARD BRUCE: But we’ve kept the bridge open.
We’ve kept the peace.
ROBERT BRUCE: We’re nae here to keep peace.
We're here to do battle.
We're fighting for our kingdom.
Our brothers are killed.
While we twiddle here, our women are caged like animals.
Our land is locked and that wretched fortress is the key.
EDWARD BRUCE: But we don't have to fight!
BRUCE: We do!!
We could have fought a few starving soldiers
in that fortress,
Now we'll face the best army Edward can raise.
Start the work.
Make pacts only with me.
We'll fight.
And we'll win enough hostages
to bargain back our family.
NARRATOR: Chivalry binds Bruce to his brother's pact.
BRUCE: It's a singularly bad plan.
DOUGLAS: The fortress is intact,

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on Horseback
well supplied and supported by Edward's army.

BRUCE: Never overcoming 30 knights,
we now face 3,000.
On their terms.
DOUGLAS: He's your brother.
NUSBACHER: Chivalry says that you go out to battle
and rather than just slaughter
until you've got all the power you want,
there is a right, as well as a wrong,
about killing.
Chivalry is a way that medieval people
who need to use violence
to keep order and achieve power,
can do so in a way that is culturally acceptable.
NUSBACHER: Edward the Second expects
10:36:00:08
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Lynette Nusbacher
10:36:46:05
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10:37:02:14
10:37:04:07
10:37:08:10
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10:37:11:00
10:37:14:21
Lynette Nusbacher
Archive English army

marching
Scott McMaster
Messenger on
horseback
Iain MacInnes
Bruce Durie
to march north with an army of

a lot of heavy cavalry
and because the Scots have not got
the mighty cavalry arm that the English have,
the English will make mincemeat of a Scottish army.
Then Edward the Second will be able to ride,
ceremoniously, to relieve Stirling Castle.
McMASTER: Edward starts to plan the invasion of Scotland.
And it is an invasion of Scotland.
It's not only dealing with Bruce,
it's about restoring his father's dream, basically,
his father's ambitions which have been passed to him.
NARRATOR: Edward wants to raise an army
to finish Bruce once and for all.
MacINNES: Letters are sent out to every sheriff and every lord
to summon the troops for a certain date.
And he calls out knights and his lords, his barons,
but also calls out the feudal host
and so that should represent
all men between the ages of 16 and 60.
And that includes troops from Wales,
it includes troops from Ireland,
at various points it includes knights from the continent.
DURIE: And there was no standing army in those days,

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VISION
Edward II
Lynette Nusbacher
Iain MacInnes
Edward II
Fiona Watson
Earl of Gloucester
Fiona Watson
Lynette Nusbacher
Map of Scottish castles

burning
Burning castles
APRIL 1314
TWO MONTHS UNTIL
WORDS
you had to raise it from scratch.
NARRATOR: The young king commands
none of the respect his father did.
Several lords refuse to commit any men at all.
NUSBACHER: Edward the Second, at this point,
is a terribly unpopular king.
His friends have made him unpopular.
His ability to make enemies among powerful noblemen
is astonishing.
MacINNES: Edward the Second is supposed to have summoned
something like 29,000 men
for the Bannockburn campaign, and they don't all turn up.
And indeed, not all of his nobles turned up.
EDWARD II: Do they do as they are told,
or do they do as they like?
HEREFORD: Concessions have been made.
EDWARD II: Lancaster is the largest landowner
in the kingdom!
He should owe the King's host a hundred knights!
WATSON: The English are just so darn fed up, of war.
GLOUCESTER: He calculates four, your grace.
And four lesser horsemen.
WATSON: Edward the First fought in Wales,
he fought in France, he fought in Scotland.
And with Edward the Second, the English might moan
that he's letting all his dominions go to the dogs,
but they're quite happy not to pay for it.
NUSBACHER: Robert has got a year to pull an army together
and turn it from a guerilla army
capable of striking from the forest
and then melting away by night,
into an army capable of facing a big powerful
Anglo-Norman army.
NARRATOR: Through the winter and spring,
Robert continues to wage war
against Edward's forces in Scotland.
Robert's men loot and destroy.
Six more castles fall.

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VISION
THE TRUCE EXPIRES
Lynette Nusbacher
Archive Schiltron
formations
Lynette Nusbacher
Archive Schiltron
formations with pikes
Lynette Nusbacher
Archive cavalry
galloping
Fiona Watson
Archive cavalry
galloping
Fiona Watson
Trenches being dug
Archive cavalry
galloping
Bruce Durie
Knight killed
Edward Cowan
Lynette Nusbacher
Scott McMaster
TWELVE FOOT
SPEAR
AN AXE OR DIRK TO
FINISH THEM
WORDS
NUSBACHER: So around Easter of 1314,

Robert takes his army,
brings it together from all of it's various sources,
and he's got to teach them how they can beat knights.
And the way that they can beat knights
is by being convinced that if they stick together
as a bunch of Scottish foot
with big pikes in their hands
the knights can't kill them.
NARRATOR: Skilled knights on horseback
have dominated medieval combat for centuries.
WATSON: This is a period of transition
in terms of medieval warfare.
Things are changing now.
Infantry armies, thinking carefully
about how they're going to match cavalry.
Using rivers, using bridges, using anything.
Digging ditches, making the terrain work for you.
DURIE: They dug trenches, and then re-turfed them on top.
When the cavalry came towards them,
first thing they did was get into this ditch.
Knight is down, can't stand up, he's dead too.
NARRATOR: Once he's off his horse,
a knight is trapped by his own heavy armour.
COWAN: If he could get rid of the knights,
if he could overcome that particular problem
then he had a chance.
NUSBACHER: The Scots could get an almost unlimited number
of spears, thousands of them,
give them to ordinary Scottish farmers and crofters,
and turn them into capable soldiers.
McMASTER: Each man would be armed with a 12-foot spear,
and it's heavy tipped, at the top,
and possibly an axe or a dirk as well, to finish the job.
DURIE: You had these pikes arranged, facing outwards.

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THOUSANDS OF PIKES
POINTED OUTWARDS
MacINNES: You can literally put the spear butt against your foot
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10:41:39:03
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Iain MacInnes
so it doesn't move, and so that

when the enemy horse comes at you, it stays planted.
DOUGLAS: Ready men? Schiltron!
NARRATOR: Robert's plan is to use
foot soldiers with spears,
DOUGLAS: Back up.
NARRATOR: ...in ancient battle formations,
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James Douglas
Exterior - field
surrounding Stirling
Castle
James Douglas
with Scottish soldiers
Lynette Nusbacher
James Douglas
Scott McMaster
Archive Schiltron
walking
Fiona Watson
Archive Schiltron
Edward Cowan
Fiona Watson
called schiltrons.
DOUGLAS: They are only weapons if you use them together.
They're pikes, not plum tree shakers.
Again! Schiltron!
NUSBACHER: Robert has got to convince people
who have been conditioned from birth
to fear the Anglo-Norman knight,
that as long as they hold together,
each man standing beside his buddy,
they're not going to get killed.
DOUGLAS: Stiffen 'em up.
Back row, up!
High!
Okay, back up.
One more time, just like that.
NARRATOR: Schiltrons have been used defensively for
centuries,
DOUGLAS: Good!
...but the Bruce has a new trick up his sleeve.
McMASTER: What makes this completely different
is this schiltron walks, it's mobile,
it moves quite quickly.
WATSON: Now, as you can imagine, giving men a pointy stick
and then asking them to walk with them
is highly dangerous to your own side.
If they are not disciplined and well-trained.
COWAN: If you've got a bunch of guys with pikes in a circle,
it's going to take a bit of organization to move them.
Once they decide to park themselves,
that's okay.
WATSON: Obviously they will then drop down

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VISION
Female spy in red

Scott McMaster
JULIANA De
GOLDINGHAM
WORDS
to repel a cavalry charge.
But they can then be moved around the battlefield
to where Bruce wants them.
So that's what is the essence of Bruce's strategy
for Bannockburn. And it is, again,
something that the English will never have seen.
NARRATOR: Bruce's new mobile spear units
aren't a secret for long.
McMASTER: There is talk of a female spy.
They're feeding back intelligence to
Edward the Second as well,
so he has a key element of spies as well.
ENGLISH NOBLE & SPY
10:43:46:07
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Edward II discusses
intelligence with
Juliana De Goldingham
Edward II with Juliana

De Goldingham
Edward Cowan
Edward II
Archive Cavalry
galloping
Archive Cavalry
It's amazing what you can pay with coin,

what you'll get.
EDWARD II: So, the north is mine for the taking?
NARRATOR: King Edward's arrogance
deafens him to any word of the Scots' plans.
JULIANA: His men worship him.
EDWARD II: He's no king.
JULIANA: As long as he keeps taking your castles
with simple tricks, people will keep laughing
and believing he IS King of the North.
EDWARD II: The bright Scots will join my army.
Now, tell me of their camp.
COWAN: He must have thought, well,
this is not going to be such a big deal.
I've got this huge resource behind me here.
We know from our intelligence from our spies and so on,
that Bruce cannot possibly match our numbers,
and traditionally in medieval battles
it was fairly straightforward the guys with the most numbers, won.
NARRATOR: Even without the full support of his nobles,
the English king will have the numbers on his side.
But will they get there
before the truce expires?
MUSIC

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galloping
10:45:08:01
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10:45:12:10
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NARRATOR: If he wants to crush Robert the Bruce

once and for all,
England's King must get an army to Scotland
before a truce keeping the peace expires.
MAY 1314
SIX WEEKS UNTIL
THE TRUCE EXPIRES
10:45:29:09
10:45:31:21
10:45:36:16
10:45:41:00
10:45:44:14
10:45:48:23
10:45:50:01
Aerial of countryside
Archive English Army

marching
DR. BRUCE DURIE
NARRATOR Despite the resistance of his nobles,

Edward the Second assembles 20,000 men,
only two-thirds of the troops he wanted.
But he still believes it will be enough to terrify the Scots,
forcing them into retreat.
DURIE: When Edward the Second marched up here
he was at the head of what I think is maybe
GENEALOGIST AND
HISTORIAN
10:45:53:04
10:46:00:07
LYNETTE
NUSBACHER
the largest army England had ever assembled.

NUSBACHER: And it's all going to be very grand
HISTORIAN MILITARY
EXPERT AND AUTHOR
10:46:02:16
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10:46:09:04
10:46:11:08
10:46:16:04
EDWARD J COWAN
because medieval armies were very good at making

an aggressive show at times like this.
A lot of armour, a lot of banners,
a lot of colour and a lot of brag.
COWAN: This was a massive expedition.
PROFESSOR EMERITUS
OF SCOTTISH HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
10:46:18:18
10:46:22:05
10:46:26:09
10:46:28:09
One chronicler said

that it was 20 miles long, the procession,
as this army moved forward.
It was 20 miles from end to end.
Archive English Army
marching
10:46:29:20
10:46:33:18
10:46:37:22
NARRATOR: One thing is certain,

the English will outnumber the Scots.
But getting there in time

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VISION
WORDS
SCOTT McMASTER
will take a terrible toll on the English troops.

McMASTER: Midsummer's almost there,
PROPERTY MANAGER
THE BATTLE OF
BANNOCKBURN
10:46:47:10
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10:47:08:01
the time's really up against them

in terms of relieving it by Midsummer's Day.
So the English army are pretty much tired as well.
WATSON: There's a definite sense that,
just before the Battle of Bannockburn,
the English foot soldiers, in particular,
are pretty knackered
because of the rate at which they've had to march
in order to meet the deadline.
JUNE 22, 1314
TWO DAYS UNTIL
THE TRUCE EXPIRES
10:47:18:06
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10:48:42:19
Lynette Nusbacher
Scottish army hiding in

woods
Fiona Watson
NARRATOR: The massive army approaches Stirling

with no time to spare.
The castle is surrounded by forests.
The Scots could be anywhere.
NUSBACHER: And the English army marches into the Tor Wood,
following the road to Stirling,
and the shadows of the wood
fall on the English army.
And the wood is hilly,
the wood is dark,
and there are signs all around them of the Scottish army
that has just moved out of the Tor Wood.
And the English soldiers are going to get a feeling
that a Scots army is somewhere just out of sight.
The Scottish army is doing what it does best,
it is avoiding combat.
It is avoiding pitched battle
and it is trying to shape the battlefield,
the battle space where they'll be fighting,
to be what they want it to be.
NARRATOR: The Scots are about to get their first look
at the largest English army ever assembled.
Bruce's men are outnumbered,
outgunned,

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WORDS
and running out of time.
JUNE 23, 1314

ST. JOHNS EVE
10:49:08:13
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ONE DAY UNTIL THE

TRUCE EXPIRES
Abbot
James Douglas
Robert Bruce
James Douglas
Map of army positions
Robert Bruce
FRIAR: (chants prayer in Latin)

DOUGLAS: He could have 2,000 knights,
20,000 foot.
ROBERT BRUCE: Or less?
DOUGLAS: Aye, or more.
FRIAR: (prays)
NARRATOR: Just a few hundred yards
separate the two armies
as they make their final preparations
at Bannockburn.
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!
Bruce, Bruce, Bruce...
ROBERT BRUCE: I have been told
the English army
is made up of men who speak six different tongues.
Their soldiers are unknown to one another.
It is a slender task I lay upon you;
that each of you slay two men from Edward's army.
BRUCE'S MEN: Aye!
You will then have killed 45,000.
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH! YES!
The scouting party reports the English army is weak,
already in disarray.
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH! YES!
Still, if there is anyone here
without the stomach for a fight,
he should leave now.
BRUCE'S MEN: NO!!! NO! NO!
Our enemies are moved only by a desire for domination.
We are fighting for our lives...
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!!
ROBERT BRUCE: our wives...
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!!
ROBERT BRUCE: our children...
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!!
ROBERT BRUCE: ...and the freedom of our country!!

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VISION
Edward Cowan
Edward Cowan
Archive Scottish
Army
English camp
Philip Mowbray
Edward II
Fiona Watson
Edward II
Archive Scottish
schiltron marching
Lynette Nusbacher
Archive English
cavalry
Lynette Nusbacher
Map of battlefield
Lynette Nusbacher
WORDS
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!
YEAH!!!
COWAN: He had told them
that they had right on their side,
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!!
COWAN: because after all,
it was a tyrannical English king
that was the invader here.
NARRATOR: The English have arrived in time
to reinforce the castle.
MOWBRAY: Your grace.
EDWARD II: This concludes your fool's pact.
MOWBRAY: My pact was for peace.
EDWARD II: One king and one land is peace.
Two kings in one land is war.
WATSON: Sir Phillip Mowbray tells Edward the Second
that technically the castle's been relieved,
but Edward the Second goes, well sort of, And...?
That's... Yes, of course it is,
but we didn't come all this way just to walk back again.
NARRATOR: According to the pact,
both Bruce and Edward's armies are now to stand down.
But neither king is here to negotiate peace.
NUSBACHER: Just seeing the Scots army
at the edge of some trees
and seeing their enemy right in front of them,
well that's a goad.
It draws the English forward.
It draws the English into a battle space
that the Scots have carefully prepared.
NARRATOR: The Scots' schiltrons
block any escape through the forest.
Side roads are barricaded with fallen trees.
Potholes and booby traps line the edges of the roads.
NUSBACHER: We see the Scots are still acting the part
of the guerrilla army,

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VISION
Robert Bruce
Fiona Watson
Archive horse
neighing
Archive battle
formations
Edward II
HUMPHREY De
BUHUN
WORDS
using all of its advantages
against the overwhelming conventional power
of the English knight.
WATSON: It's quite clear that Robert Bruce
has a strategy that is very much about making sure
that the English horse go where he wants them to go.
NARRATOR: Once the English knights enter the battlefield,
there's no turning back.
EDWARD II: We'll halt here to deliberate.
MOWBRAY: Edward and Robert are well prepared.
HEREFORD: Prepared to run into the hills and forests.bego
EARL OF HEREFORD
KING EDWARDS
BROTHER IN LAW
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Fiona Watson
Edward II
Iain MacInnes
Archive knights on
horses
Fiona Watson
Robert Bruce and
James Douglas
Scott McMaster
Archive horses
galloping
Robert Bruce
WATSON: It's very hard to know

whether there was a plan for what the English did
or whether certain groups of the English just decided
that they were going to engage with the Scots.
EDWARD II: Take reinforcements back to the castle.
We have this in hand.
MacINNES: There is division amongst the English leaders
as to who actually should have the command.
A smaller English force, under Clifford and Beaumont,
are riding around the sides to try and bypass the Scots.
WATSON: Thomas Randolph was with the main Scottish army.
He left his schiltron about a mile or so away.
ROBERT BRUCE: What's he doing??
DOUGLAS: Mowbray has safe passage.
ROBERT BRUCE: Ahhhh!
McMASTER: The English knights are moving
and almost seem to be outflanking Bruce.
Bruce commands Thomas Randolph
to go in and engage against Clifford's forces.
ROBERT BRUCE: See Randolph,
there is a rose fallen from your chaplet.
Ahh, thoughtless man.
WATSON: Bruce spots them riding 'round
and says to Thomas Randolph, Hang on a minute,

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WORDS
10:55:06:07
10:55:08:22
Fiona Watson
Archive knights on
horses galloping
Robert Bruce
Fiona Watson
Scott McMaster
Archive Schiltron
formation
you're going to let them, effectively let them get through

because you're not with your men.
10:55:13:05
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10:55:25:04
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10:55:34:15
10:55:58:00
Archive knights on
horses galloping
BRUCE: You have permitted the enemy to pass.

WATSON: Thomas Randolph scurries back down to his men.
McMASTER: They're basically met
by Sir Thomas Randolph's mobile schiltron.
BRUCE'S MEN: (roar)
(horses neighing, men screaming)
Archive collision of
knights with schiltron
10:56:19:16
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Iain MacInnes
Iain MacInnes
Fiona Watson
Lynette Nusbacher
Archive knights in
armour
Arhcive knights
galloping
Archive knights on
horses galloping
Lynette Nusbacher
MacINNES: The disordered nature of the English cavalry attack

means there's no focal point,
that the horses are just throwing themselves almost
against the schiltrons with the spears pointing outwards.
(horses neighing, men shouting and screaming)
MacINNES: You have a slaughter of horse flesh.
Knights knocked to the ground.
(men shouting, swords clanging)
MacINNES: And the English are not able to make any headway
against the Scots,
who remain fixed and unbreakable.
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!!!
WATSON: I think again, what it makes perfectly clear,
is that Bruce's strategy and his great innovation here,
is working.
NUSBACHER: What we see is the opening of a battle
of traditional, knights on their horses,
in their armour,
against a lightly-armoured
and more nimble foe,
that is a metaphor for the entire war.
NARRATOR: The schiltron's success thrills the Scots,
and draws out the full force of the English army.
NUSBACHER: The English army moves through the Tor Wood

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VISION

moving
Lynette Nusbacher
Robert Bruce
Robert Bruce
Scott McMaster
WORDS
and comes out into some open ground,
and this is the first time that the Scots
have a picture of the English army.
The whole Scottish army sees the avant garde,
the vanguard of the English army move out of the wood.
NARRATOR: The truce that kept peace for a year,
is shattered,
just one day before it was set to expire.
McMASTER: The real element that makes Bruce a hero
and gives him this legendary status,
is the encounter between him and the young knight, De Bohun,
Sir Henry De Bohun.
SIR HENRY DE
BOHUN NEPHEW OF
THE EARL OF HEREFORD
10:59:09:08
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Iain MacInnes
Robert Bruce and
Henry De Bohun
encounter
Fiona Watson
Henry De Bohun
Robert Bruce
Henry De Bohun
Iain MacInnes
Robert Bruce
Lynette Nusbacher
MacINNES: Henry De Bohun, the English knight,

spots Robert Bruce overseeing the movement of his forces,
and sees an opportunity to attack the king,
and perhaps kill him,
and end this right here and now.
WATSON: Henry De Bohun sees a chance of immortality.

MacINNES: And so he charges across the battlefield at Bruce.
WATSON: He sees this thundering great beast
coming towards him.
ROBERT BRUCE: Axe! Yeah, yeah!!
MacINNES: De Bohun in his finery and his armour
on his large destrier charging across the battlefield,
lance in hand, and Bruce, on the other hand,
he only has an axe to defend himself.
ROBERT BRUCE: AHHHHHHHHHH!
MUSIC
ROBERT BRUCE: Axe! Yeah, yeah!!
NUSBACHER: Robert Bruce sees the man coming,
in his strong barrel helm.
His chain mail reinforced with iron plate,
on a massive destrier,
thundering towards him at a hand gallop,
almost as fast as the horse could go.

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VISION
Robert Bruce
Henry De Bohun dead.
Lynette Nusbacher
James Douglas
Robert Bruce
Robert Bruce
English camp at dusk
Edward Cowan
EDWARD J COWAN
WORDS
The lance point coming down to point at his breast,
and Robert Bruce takes advantage of his horse's mobility,
just as he always took advantage of his army's mobility,
swings his axe,
and smashes Henry De Bohun's face in two.
ROBERT BRUCE: AHHHHHHHHHH!
(thud)
(horse whinnies)
NUSBACHER: The axe went through the helmet,
went through the head
and left Henry De Bohun dead.
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!!!
YEAH!!!
NUSBACHER: When Robert had killed Henry De Bohun,
he turned to those beside him,
looking ruefully at the haft of his axe,
and said only,
that that horrible English knight
had smashed a perfectly good axe
with his horrible English face.
BRUCE'S MEN: YEAH!! Bruce, Bruce, Bruce...
DOUGLAS: You've ruined your axe.
ROBERT BRUCE: Aye. (laughs)
But made my day! (laughs)
DOUGLAS: He could have had you on the end of his lance.
This is not a game for kings.
Let the army fight.
ROBERT BRUCE: Aye.
It is time.
NARRATOR: In the English camp,
news of the day's defeat is slow to trickle in.
COWAN: Well on the night of the first day,
Edward's probably being told everything's going well.
I think that's the problem with kings;
PROFESSOR EMERITUS
OF SCOTTISH HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
11:03:00:16
11:03:02:18
people were kind of scared to say to them,

Hey, we're in trouble here.

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11:03:05:11
DR. FIONA WATSON
WATSON: I think the English nobility and the King himself,
AUTHOR BROADCASTER
AND HISTORIAN;
RESEARCH FELLOW
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English move across

river
DR. BRUCE DURIE
of course, couldn't conceive

there would be anything other than victory
for their army.
NARRATOR: English morale is already low.
Then, just before dusk,
Edward orders everyone and everything,
to be moved across the river.
It's a panic to make the massive move before dark.
DURIE: It's not surprising that people got covered in mud
GENEALOGIST AND
HISTORIAN
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LYNETTE
NUSBACHER
and gore and everything.

People's shoes rotted and fell off,
they broke their legs slipping in this dreadful stuff.
I think everybody was probably indistinguishable
from the mud that they were walking in.
NARRATOR: The truce means nothing now.
Robert the Bruce always knew it would come to this.
NUSBACHER: The Scottish army was hidden by wood,
and the English army was very much out in the open.
And as the English maneuvered into position
HISTORIAN MILITARY
EXPERT AND AUTHOR
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English camp at night

Edward Cowan
through the night, instead of getting a good night's sleep,

they must have been conscious
of how exposed they were,
as they asked themselves whether the Scots would fight.
COWAN: The stories are that the English were
particularly uncomfortable.
There was a lot of noise going on.
Some of the Welsh imbibed a bit too much
and made a racket,
started fighting amongst themselves.
And I think that these guys, who were far from home,
would be saying, well, if we were home now,
we'd be having a celebration.

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VISION
Edward IIs tent at night
Fiona Watson
Edward II
WORDS
They may not have been able to celebrate as they would like
but I think they tried to have a little bit of a party.
Because, if you were hanging out near the king anyway,
I don't think you thought you had too much to worry about.
NARRATOR: On the eve of battle,
the English king still believes the Scots
will retreat without a fight.
EDWARD II: Tomorrow we'll show King Hobbe our force,
then spend the rest of the summer
chasing him through the highlands.
HEREFORD: (laughs)
GLOUCESTER: The King has done well
to relieve the castle as promised.
HEREFORD: By the letter at least.
GLOUCESTER: Tomorrow is a Saint's day.
CLIFFORD: And we'll celebrate with victory.
GLOUCESTER: If victory is chasing Hobbe's men all over.
EDWARD II: What is your purpose, Gloucester?
GLOUCESTER: I just mean we should stay camped
on the Saint's Day. Regain our strength...
EDWARD II: No, you didn't mean to say that. Because
only a traitor or coward would spoil our glorious
victory of watching Hobbe run on St. John's Day.
WATSON: You have an arrogant,
an utter arrogance within the English camp,
that just turning up and being English
against these pathetic Scots,
is bound to win the day.
And again, this is part of the problem.
NARRATOR: That arrogance alienates King Edward's troops
and breeds treachery.
SIR ALEXANDER
SETON OF DUNBAR
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Scott McMaster
Alexander Seton
McMASTER: We know that a Scots knight, who'd been,

Alexander Seton, who'd been with the English,
and fighting with the English,
is so disgusted by the amount of arguing going on,
by some of the panic that may have been going on
and just the disunity that he decides enough's enough,
and he then goes over to Robert Bruce.
GUARD: Are you the English army?
SETON: I'm Seton of Dunbar. I'm here to council the King.

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VISION
Fiona Watson
Iain MacInnes
Scottish camp at night
Alexander Seton
Robert Bruce
Lynette Nusbacher
Edward Cowan
Robert Bruce
WORDS
WATSON: He deserted the English army
and came up to Bruce's camp
and told him that English morale
was very low,
that there was a complete lack of strategy,
and that no one really seemed to be fully in charge.
MacINNES: The English are dispirited.
They have suffered defeat on the first day;
they're uncomfortable, because they're in a bog.
They're lying there in their armour
because they fear attack during the night.
This is your opportunity, this is your chance,
now or never, to defeat the English on the battlefield.
NARRATOR: With the day's victory under his belt,
Robert could retreat into the night
and avoid fighting the English head-on.
But the news of the English morale
makes him re-consider.
DOUGLAS: We can take our winnings
and head for the Lennox Hills.
Edward's army may follow,
as they will,
but by summer's end they'll fade like the leaves.
We can return and level the castle then.
SETON: Edward has but the illusion of an army.
Join him in battle tomorrow.
Have victory for all time.
Cut off my head, pull out my guts if it is not so.
NARRATOR: Robert has been fighting for eight years.
Living like an animal.
His family are hostages.
He cannot be an outlaw king forever.
NUSBACHER: The dilemma faced by Robert Bruce was,
melt away, claiming victory,
or stay and fight, cementing victory.
COWAN: You've gotta be a winner,
and sometime or other you've gotta get rid of this threat,
because otherwise, what's going to happen is
the English will just send in another army,
year after year until they wear us down so,
maybe this is the point at which we make a stand.
NUSBACHER: Maybe for Robert Bruce

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Lynette Nusbacher
this is an opportunity to get his family back,

to get his life back
and to kick the English king in the teeth
and make sure
that the English don't come back over that border.
WATSON: It's horrible in the English army.
Absolutely horrible.
STRICKLAND: So you can imagine a night of misery.
Of men accustomed to probably being pavilioned
in really quite luxurious tents on campaign,
certainly the aristocrats,
having to sleep by their warhorses
and sinking up to their knees in mud and mire.
This is not how I think they wanted the,
the opening moves of the second day of the battle to be.
The English army is demoralized.
WATSON: And its going to get worse.
NARRATOR: Robert has made his decision.
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Robert Bruce
English camp at dawn
Matthew Stickland
Fiona Watson
Scottish camp at
daytime
Robert Bruce dresses
for battle
Robert Bruce
James Douglas is
knighted
He will stand and fight.

Capture the English noblemen,
negotiate his family's freedom,
or die trying.
The Scottish poet, Robert Burns,
crystalizes this moment in verse
four centuries later.
Scots, who have with Wallace bled,
Scots, whom Bruce has often led,
Welcome to your gory bed,
or to victory.
ROBERT BRUCE: Douglas.
Kneel, knight.
Your father died in Wallace's service.
Since we met on the road to the throne,
you have fought with me in the woods.
You took Douglas castle.
You took Roxburgh Castle.
Now, my good and faithful servant,
take this.
You have been faithful to me in these things.

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VISION
MATTHEW
STRICKLAND
WORDS
Now I will make you master over many.
STRICKLAND: On the morning of the second day of the battle,
PROFESSOR OF
MEDIEVAL HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
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Matthew Strickland
Robert Bruce
Edward II
Lynette Nusbacher
Fiona Watson
Lynette Nusbacher
Scott McMaster
Bruce knights James,

and he becomes the Good Sir James Douglas.
ROBERT BRUCE: From this day,
so you might win back your lands
and avenge your family,
I name you
knight banneret.
Well done.
Go knight,
and lead your men into battle,
under your own banner.
STRICKLAND: This was a shroud of convention,
that men were knighted on the eve of battle
or on the morning of battle,
and he idea was that they would fight with greater ferocity,
with greater valour to win
the accolade of knighthood they'd just received.
BRUCE: Now we kneel to the fate of He
to whom we are all servant.
EDWARD II: Look, they kneel to beg our forgiveness
before they flee.
NUSBACHER: The English saw the Scots kneeling
and thought they were begging for mercy.
WATSON: And Edward goes, Ha!
Look! They're kneeling to me, they're surrendering.
NUSBACHER: But of course they weren't.
McMASTER: They're asking to forgive their trespasses
for what they're about to do.
Archive knights on
horses
11:13:23:21
11:13:27:06
NARRATOR: It's time for glory,

or the grave.
Map of battlefield
positions
11:13:32:03
11:13:34:05
WATSON: The Scottish army, there is big debate about

how many divisions the Scottish army actually comprised.

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Fiona Watson
Most historians now would say

that there were three divisions.
MacINNES: The Scottish army appears to come forward
with two battles, as they describe them,
two main schiltrons,
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Iain MacInnes
Map of schiltron
positions
Map of schiltron
positions and English
army
Aerial of Bannockburn
topography
Fiona Watson
Archive Scottish
schiltron and English
army
Lynette Nusbacher
Edward II
Map of main schiltron

positions
Scott McMaster
perhaps at a slight angle so they don't end up colliding.

And then Bruce's schiltron in the rear
so he can orchestrate things from that position.
The English do seem to be cavalry to the front
and then infantry to the rear.
The English position is hindered by the fact
that they're surrounded by unhelpful topography.
WATSON: It is a peat bog. It has pools of water,
it has very rough, tussocky ground.
It is impossible, almost, for the English horses
to go at any speed on such ground.
They could not maneuver at all.
NARRATOR: 8,000 Scots amass on the forest edge.
Between them and Stirling Castle
stand 20,000 Englishmen.
An army bigger and better equipped.
Everyone expects surrender.
Everyone except the Scots.
NUSBACHER: My assessment is that the English
did not expect the Scots to fight.
And the English were preparing
for an almost ceremonial battle deployment
and a march to Stirling Castle.
McMASTER: Bruce prepares his men.
They will split into three schiltrons,
commanded by Bruce, Randolph, and Edward Bruce.
It's at this point,
as they start to come through the wood,
it's slowly but surely that the English realize
that the Scots ARE going to fight.
NUSBACHER: If Robert Bruce does not

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Lynette Nusbacher
effectively destroy
Edward the Second's army,
then Robert the Bruce will give up the opportunity
to make sure the English
don't come back for years.
ROBERT BRUCE: (shouts) ON THEM!!!
BRUCE'S MEN: (roar)
EDWARD II: Go forward and battle like knights.
Robert Bruce
Edward II
Archive knights
galloping on horses
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Map of battle
formations
Edward Cowan
Gloucester is killed
Scott McMaster
Map of schiltron
manoeuvres
Lynette Nusbacher
Archive battle scene
NARRATOR: In the opening minutes of the battle,

Edward Bruce's schiltron is first to come under attack.
BRUCE'S MEN: (roar)
NUSBACHER: They form up their shield walls with their spears,
and the English would never before have seen
a Scottish army forming a shield wall
and moving towards them.
COWAN: The pikes could do desperate damage to a knight.
And once a knight was unhorsed, he was helpless,
'cause he wore too much armour to be able to stand up.
(sounds of battle)
McMASTER: The Scots begin to move forward and
this is really the vital part of the Battle of Bannockburn.
Horseflesh meets the pikes, there are screams,
men dying, horses dying.
The schiltrons eventually all form together
into one mass and start pushing forward.
NUSBACHER: And the Scots spearmen
pushed those spear points into horses
and into knights and started moving
towards the English main body.
For the first time,
in Great Britain in the middle ages,
a spear formation, an infantry formation,
was cutting up wealthy, well-equipped,
well motivated knights.
And the English didn't know what to do.
MUSIC
NARRATOR: The Battle of Bannockburn

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VISION
Robert Bruce
LYNETTE
NUSBACHER
WORDS
erupts into a sea of mayhem,
gore and horseflesh.
ROBERT BRUCE: (shouts) ON THEM!!!
NARRATOR: Armoured medieval knights
slaughtered by angry peasants
with pointy sticks.
8,000 Scots dismantling 20,000
of the best troops England can muster.
NUSBACHER: The English heavy cavalry charge
should have been unstoppable.
It always worked.
HISTORIAN MILITARY
EXPERT AND AUTHOR
11:18:39:04
11:18:41:05
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DR. FIONA WATSON
WATSON: So what you're actually then starting to see

is the Scots trying to move the English back,
and of course that means that they're pressing into
the guys behind them,
AUTHOR BROADCASTER
AND HISTORIAN;
RESEARCH FELLOW
11:18:47:05
11:18:50:02
DR. IAIN MacINNES
and they can't move any further forward.

MacINNES: There are one or two kind of key points
PROGRAMME LEADER
UNIVERSITY OF THE
HIGHLANDS AND
ISLANDS
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Archers
SCOTT McMASTER
PROPERTY MANAGER
THE BATTLE OF
BANNOCKBURN
in that battle.
One is the fact that it's the English cavalry
that leads the charge on the Scottish schiltrons.
It is essentially a replication of the previous day
with the same result.
The English cavalry are incapable
of breaking through the Scottish schiltrons.
NARRATOR: The English are on their heels,
but they're not finished yet.
Their archers begin raining down hell.
McMASTER: According to one chronicle,

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VISION
Map of Archer positions

and Scottish cavalry
Matthew Strickland
Main battle scene
Robert Bruce
Fiona Watson
Scott McMaster
Fiona Watson
Camp Followers
Fiona Watson
Scott McMaster
WORDS
there is an engagement between the Scots archers
and the English archers
where the bowmen released their arrows
and the Scots released theirs.
STRICKLAND: At which point Bruce orders
the Earl Marshal Robert Keith
to attack with his light cavalry.
And they succeed in scattering the English archers.
So that crucial element in English tactical thinking,
fails at this critical battle.
NARRATOR: The tide has turned.
The English have nothing left.
NUSBACHER: The Scots stood up
and started to do the work of slaughter.
The English are no longer fighting the Scots...
ROBERT BRUCE: ON THEM!!
THEY FAIL!!
ON THEM!!!
NUSBACHER: ...they are fighting for their own lives.
(soldier screams)
WATSON: The majority of the English nobility
are killed at that point.
(sounds of battle)
WATSON: What seems to have turned the battle
is the introduction of what
to the English appears to be a second army.
But, it is traditionally called,
in Scotland, the small folk.
McMASTER: And they think it's a fresh division of troops.
WATSON: Many of these are probably actually
men who've turned up to join Bruce's army
within the last few days.
And then you've got all the rest of the camp followers,
the women and the children or whoever
have been in the camp.
And they seem to have heard that things are going well
and have charged down
from wherever they were stationed, to join in.
This is the last straw for the English.
McMASTER: So the English start to sort of run away.
They start to desert or move off as quickly as they can.

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WORDS
11:21:52:07
11:21:54:07
11:21:56:23
11:22:02:17
Iain MacInnes
MacINNES: When when you see the men around you running,
I think the temptation would be to run, as well,
and that is the beginning of the end.
NARRATOR: The English trample and crush their own,
11:22:05:14
11:22:15:22
English soldiers run in

panic
MATTHEW
STRICKLAND
in the panic of the retreat.

STRICKLAND: For the English, the battle was a catastrophe.
PROFESSOR OF
MEDIEVAL HISTORY
UNIVERSITY OF
GLASGOW
11:22:18:23
11:22:21:11
11:22:27:15
11:22:29:15
11:22:30:23
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Iain MacInnes
Scott McMaster
Matthew Strickland
Edward II is led from
the battlefield
Matthew Strickland
Outside Stirling Castle
It was the first major defeat they had suffered

at the hands of the Scots for centuries.
MacINNES: It's interesting that the English
seem to have been incapable
of organizing themselves properly.
And whether that's a fault
in Edward the Second's leadership,
or his commanders, but they don't seem to be prepared
when the Scots come onto the battlefield.
McMASTER: They grabbed Edward the Second's
reins of his horse and pull him off the battlefield.
STRICKLAND: And very reluctantly
he allows himself to be led away.
NARRATOR: Edward the Second flees with his hide intact.
Thousands of his countrymen lie dead in the battlefield.
STRICKLAND: It's a classic case of how NOT
to organize a major battle.
And it reflects very poorly on Edward's command abilities.
NARRATOR: Not even Stirling Castle
can offer refuge to the humbled monarch.
MOWBRAY: If the battle is lost and this castle falls,
Philip Mowbray
11:23:29:17
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Edward II
Philip Mowbray
Battlefield aftermath
now or in days.
EDWARD II: I am your King.
MOWBRAY: Is the battle lost?
Then this castle
is nothing more than a cage for our King.
Fly to the sea now, or watch him fall.
NARRATOR: This is the war Robert never wanted.

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11:26:24:15
11:26:28:22
VISION
Robert Bruce
Iain MacInnes
Hereford is captured
Empty cages
Philip Mowbray
Scott McMaster
Philip Mowbray
Scottish counting
bounty from the battle
field
Matthew Strickland
Bruce Durie
WORDS
And what has he won?
The Bruce's destiny comes at an incredible cost.
His family slaughtered
and enslaved.
Hunted at every turn for a decade.
But now, he's pushed back the English.
He has his crown.
And with hostages from the battle,
he can reclaim his family. bego
MacINNES: The English prisoners,
of which there were various high-ranking English lords,
most notable of whom is the Earl of Hereford.
Bruce is able to trade Hereford
for his wife, his daughter, his sisters.
And so rescue those who were closest to him.
NARRATOR: From inside the walls of Stirling Castle,
Mowbray realizes he's on the wrong side of history.
McMASTER: Well Mowbray has obviously witnessed
what's happened in the battle.
He then surrenders the castle to Bruce.
In return, the English garrison themselves
are probably given a safe code of conduct to go home.
Mowbray himself becomes Bruce's man,
he swears an oath of fealty to Bruce.
STRICKLAND: In material terms,
there's an enormous loss to the English.
The English army traveled with a large baggage train.
The nobles bring their rich tents,
they bring their tableware of silver and gold,
their plate, sometimes their jewels.
This is an aristocracy
showing off its wealth on campaign.
Of course all of that
falls into the hands of the Scots.
DURIE: This was a real humiliation
for Edward the Second.
He'd had a hard push to even get an army together
to go take Scotland,
and he has been defeated.
NARRATOR: The English king's retreat

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VISION
WORDS
11:26:30:11
Edward II retreats to
the sea
must have been bitter and lonely.
11:26:34:23
11:26:39:00
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11:26:45:12
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11:26:52:12
11:26:54:09
11:26:56:09
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11:27:03:02
11:27:05:09
11:27:09:02
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*T 11:27:51:13
*T 11:27:53:17
*T 11:27:55:07
*T 11:27:56:17
11:28:01:12
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The losses at Bannockburn form an eternal bloody stain

on the legacy of Edward the Second.
Back in England,
his enemies are closer to home.
Map of Scotland and
England
Iain MacInnes
Isabella of France
Bruce Durie
Isabella of France
Scott McMaster
Edward II
Robert Bruce
Scott McMaster
Edward Cowan
Robert Bruce
MacINNES: He's overthrown by his wife.

DURIE: Now his wife, Isabella,
who is sick of him by this time,
she arranges for his assassination.
In such a way that there are no marks on his body,
so there's no suspicion.
McMASTER: So eventually, Edward is deposed
and put to death in a rather nasty fashion
involving a hot poker,
if you believe the traditional story.
EDWARD II: (screams)
McMASTER: For Bruce, the Battle of Bannockburn
is a great victory for him.
He's not won the whole entire war,
he has to still go on fighting for another 14 years,
but what Bannockburn does is,
it creates him as the undisputed King of Scots.
BRUCE'S MEN: Bruce, Bruce, Bruce...
COWAN: Bruce realized
that he had to now
set about the reconsolidation of his kingdom.
It is not for glory, nor riches,
nor honours that we're fighting,
but for freedom alone,
which no honest person will lose,
but with life itself.
NARRATOR: From murderer
to monarch.
From condemned man
to King of the Scots.
Robert the Bruce's
victory at Bannockburn
forces the world to recognize Scotland
as a free nation.

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Page 44
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VISION
WORDS
11:28:21:02
11:28:23:11
11:28:27:10
11:28:29:02
11:28:33:02
11:28:35:12
11:28:37:08
11:28:39:21
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Bruce Durie
DURIE: Bruce is accepted as King by the English.

The border is where the border is.
COWAN: Bannockburn matters because
it was a colossal victory against the odds.
For as long as a hundred of us remain alive,
we shall never surrender.
This is inspirational stuff.
That idea, I think, is transmitted to posterity.
Battles and wars are not just won through weaponry,
they're won through ideas.
The idea that just as the subjects
have to respect the king,
the king has to respect the subjects.
It's a mutual contract.
NARRATOR: One king
earns his crown.
Another king is brought to heel.
A nation is forged,
free and independent for centuries to come.
A legend
is born.
ROBERT BRUCE: AHHHHHH!!!
CREDITS
Edward Cowan
Robert Bruce
Edward II
Robert Bruce

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Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

Aerial Scottish forest

ROBERT BRUCE: Rise now.

BRUCE: We are fighting for our lives...

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

NARRATOR: In the face of English occupation,

whose ancient ancestor was king.

with royal blood on both sides of his family.

BRUCE'S SOLDIER: Your weapons?

DR. FIONA WATSON

John Comyn inside

Robert Bruce and John

in making sure that Robert Bruce knew that.

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

Fight starts between

Robert Bruce staggers

NARRATOR: If Bruce wanted peace,

Bloody hands of Robert

It was an absolute disaster.

Robert Bruce and men

ROGER DE KIRKPATRICK: I'll make sure.

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

SCOTT MCMASTER: He'll be a hunted fugitive.

Robert Bruce inside

He has no choice whatsoever,

Robert Bruce being

NARRATOR: In the eyes of the English,

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

blessing the coronation

a spur of the moment decision,

And remember he is one of the two families

Robert Bruce with

waste no time in letting everyone know

Isabella MacDuff has decided to support Bruce's claim.

DR. BRUCE DURIE

ISABELLA: Take me to Bruce.

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

EDWARD THE FIRST

Robert Bruce with

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

led by Earl of Atholl

But word of the murder in the church

NARRATOR: Edward the First's men,

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

NARRATOR: Edward the First wants to use the women

IN THE OPEN AIR

that both in life and after death

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

NARRATOR: Every day Robert the Bruce hides,

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

ROBERT THE BRUCE

WATSON: He seems to have sat down and gone,

I am just going to throw the rulebook out

Scots and English

the person he needs to be, in order to be successful.

hiding from King Edward's bloodhounds, in the forests,

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

NARRATOR: The old English king was feared and respected.

STRICKLAND: Edward the Second had a poor track record.

that Edward the Second squanders on Gaveston

Battle of Kings: Bannockburn

Map of Scotland and